f atmufwb
dk mv? trSwf 176
PREVIEW
163 uGefysLwmtar;tajz
124 Red Alert.3
173 Java Developer Guide
128 Prince of Persia
EDITOR
OD;aomif;0if; (yef;cs,f&D)
CONTRIBUTORS
OD;rsdK; (tdkifwDtef;wdwf)? armifarmifMuD;?
pkdif;wifhxl;? aZmfrif;ESifh Modula-2
uGefysLwm*sme,f
197 (c)? yxrxyf? 33 vrf;(txuf)? &efukef/
zkef;- 01-387305/
owif ; awG u ....... 'D v d k & S d w ,f Windows
bDvf*dwfukd,fwkdif
yg0ifo½kyf aqmifwhJ
aMumfjim
jyD;cJhwJh pufwifbmvu
a':vm oef; 300 wef Windows
Vista aps;uGufppfqifa&; ajymqdkwmawGyJ ygygw,f/
pcJhygw,f/ Windows Vista &JU olwdkY&JU pdwful;,Of
yHk&dyfudk jr§ifhwifay;zdkYeJY Apple &JU xif&majymaeMuwmawGu &,fp&m
"Get a Mac" ads TV
Zmwfvrf;pOfawG jzpfw,f/ Oyrmtm;jzifh
aMumfjimawGudk wefjyefzdkY &nf&G,f
a&csKd;&if;awmif 0wfvdkY&wJh ½ª;zdeyf
w,f/ odyfrMumao;cifu Apple
qdkwmawG? pm;EkdifwJh udwfrkefYeJYwlaom
[m aps;uGuf&S,f,m MuD;rm;vm
uGefysLwmqdkwmrsKd;awG 'Dae&mrSm
cJhw,f/ 2008 'kwd, oHk;vywfUS
odrfarGYpGm xnfhay;xm;wJh owif;pum;u
uGefysLwm a&mif;cs&rI yrmP&JU 8
vlyk*d¾KvfwpfOD;eJY vloHk;ukefpnftMum;
'or 5 &mckdifEIef;u Apple jzpfjyD;
MuD;rm;wJh uGmjcm;csufMuD; taMumif;
,cifESpfuxuf 38 &mckdifEIef; wufvmw,f/
jzpfygw,f/ Munfh½IolawGtaeeJY aMumfjimwJh
Apple aMumfjimawGxJrSm toufydkMuD;wJh
ypönf;taMumif; a&mif;cswJh ukrÜPDawGu
cyfxdkif;xkdif; ½Hk;0efxrf;yHkpHudk PC eJY ckdif;EdIif;xm;jyD; Live
ajymwm,Hkr,fhtpm; ukd,fykdifaumufcsufcs
Free or Die Hard ½kyf&Sifum;xJu o½kyfaqmif Justin
qHk;jzwfjzpfapzdkY EdI;qGxm;w,f/ aMumfjimxJu message
Long eJY oG,fvs prwfusoltjzpf Mac udk
twkdif;om twnf,l&if rkdufu½dkaqmhzfu pm;í
ukd,fpm;jyKxm;w,f/
t&om&Sdaom udwfrkefYeJYwlwJh uGefysLwmawG
Windows Vista ukd jyD;cJhwJhESpf pwifa&mif;cs
xGufvmawmhr,fvdkY ,Hk&awmhrvdkyJ/
csdefupjyD; ckxd aumfyD oef; 180 a&mif;cs&jyD;
tcsKdUuvnf; aMumfjimu azsmfajzrIay;ayr,fh rkduf
jzpfayr,fh Apple eJY,SOf&if oHk;pGJ&cufjyD;
u½dkaqmhzftaMumif; owdjyKrdzdkY&m bmrQrygbl;vdkY
arQmfrSef;xm;ovdk jzpfrvmao;bl;vdkY qdkw,f/
a0zefusKd;aMumif;xkwfxm;wm&Sdw,f/ 'gayr,fh bDvf
Jerry Seinfeld eJY bDvf*dwfukd,fwkdif yg0ifxm;wJh
*dwf udk,fwkdif yg0ifrIu 'g[m rkdufu½dkaqmhzf aMumfjim
aMumfjimrSm csOf;uyfenf;udk wpfrsKd;vSnfh,lxm;jyD;
jzpfaMumif; &Sif;&Sif;MuD; ay:vGifapygw,f/
operating system 'grSr[kwf commercial xkwf
vlawGtMum; b,fvdkyHkpHjzpfjzpf ajymprSwfwpfckck
ukefawG&JUoauFw ukd,fpm;jyKrIrsKd; rygyg/ Apple &JU
jzpfw,fqdk&if aMumfjimwpfck atmifjrifjyDqdkwJh aywHeJY
]wdkYu rif;xufydkjyD; om;em;w,f} qdkwJh ppfqifa&;rsKd;udk
wkdif;&ifawmh 'DaMumfjimu taotcsmudk atmifjrifcJhyg
wHkYjyefxm;wmawmif r[kwfyg/ rkdufu½dkaqmhzf
w,f/
xkwfukefawG bmvkyfEkdifw,f qdkjyD; trTrf;wif
ajymqdkxm;wmawG rygyg/ Seinfeld eJY bDvf*dwfwdkY
zdeyfqkdiftwGif; axG&mav;yg; ta&;ryg &,fp&mawG
atmufwb
kd mv? 2008 13
owif;awGu ....... 'Dvdk&Sdw,f I n t e r n e t
14 uGefysLwm*sme,f
owif;awGu ....... 'Dvdk&Sdw,f I n t e r n e t
1234567890123456789012345
1234567890123456789012345
1234567890123456789012345
1234567890123456789012345
Search engine
1234567890123456789012345
1234567890123456789012345
1234567890123456789012345
1234567890123456789012345
topfpuf puf Viewzi
1234567890123456789012345
1234567890123456789012345
1234567890123456789012345
1234567890123456789012345
ESpftawmfMum search engine awG
1234567890123456789012345
1234567890123456789012345
&SdvmcJhayr,fh tckxd text-based search
1234567890123456789012345
1234567890123456789012345
awGom toHk;jyKaeMu&ygw,f/ 'gayr,fh
1234567890123456789012345
1234567890123456789012345
Viewzi qdkwJh topfpufpufSearch uawmh
1234567890123456789012345
visual-based search service jzpfygw,f/
1234567890123456789012345
1234567890123456789012345
Viewzi u Google wdkY? Yahoo wdkY? Flickr
1234567890123456789012345
1234567890123456789012345
wdkY? You Tube wdkYtjyif tjcm;tjcm;aom
1234567890123456789012345
1234567890123456789012345
tvm;wl content ygwJh site awGqDu
1234567890123456789012345
1234567890123456789012345
information uMudK;wefqmawGudk
1234567890123456789012345
1234567890123456789012345
a&marTtoHk;jyKay;rSm jzpfw,f/ 'D
pmom;eJY pum; tjyefjyef tvSev
f eS f 1234567890123456789012345
1234567890123456789012345
information awGudk &Sif;vif;jywfom;wJh
1234567890123456789012345
1234567890123456789012345
graphical user interface wpfcktwGif;rSm
tifwmeufudk toHk;jyKzdkY pu©Ktm½HkawG csKdUwJhvmrSmvm;vdkY pdk;&drf 1234567890123456789012345
cif;usif;jyoay;ygvdrfhr,f/ 'gaMumifh
1234567890123456789012345
ylyefolawGtwGuf enf;ynmopfawG &SdvmygjyD/ wdk;wufjzpfxGef; 1234567890123456789012345
navigate vkyfwJhtcg ydkjyD;
1234567890123456789012345
vmwJh voice technology udk toHk;csjyD; tD;ar;vfeJY web 1234567890123456789012345
vG,fuloGm;apw,f/Standard search
1234567890123456789012345
udpaö wGudk access vkyfEkdifzdkY tcGifhtvrf;&Sdvmw,f/ 1234567890123456789012345
engine wpfck&JUstatic feel yHkpHtaetxm;
1234567890123456789012345
wpfenf;ajym&&if text-to-speech tech u 1234567890123456789012345
r[kwfawmhbJ ydkjyD;dynamic yHkaqmifapjyD;
tultnDay;ygvdrfhr,f/ Voice Terminal Service (VTS) u 1234567890123456789012345
1234567890123456789012345
interactive udkvnf; ydkjyD;oHk;cGifh&oGm;aprSm
tjriftm½HkcsKdUwJholawGeJY rsufrjrifawGudk uGefysLwmuyJ jzpfjzpf? 1234567890123456789012345
1234567890123456789012345
jzpfw,f/ owif;awG? AD'D,dkawG?
qJvfzkef;awGu jzpfjzpf tifwmeuf&JU tusKd;cHpm;cGifh &&SdEkdifapzdkY 1234567890123456789012345
1234567890123456789012345
aw;*DwawGeJY "mwfyHkawGvdk
tcGifhta&;opfawG ay;vmcJhw,f/ Text-to-speech technology 1234567890123456789012345
twef;tpm;awG cGJxkwfEkdifzdkY View Mix
1234567890123456789012345
eJY aeYpOfajymaeus bmompum;awG? tajymta[mawGeJY 1234567890123456789012345
uae selection box wpfck pDpOf
1234567890123456789012345
toHxGufawGudk em;vnfatmifvkyfapjyD; toHk;jyKoludk 1234567890123456789012345
ay;xm;rSmjzpfw,f/ aps;0,fw,fqdk&if
1234567890123456789012345
tifwmeufvdIif;pD;zdkY tD;ar;vfawG vufcHwmwdkY? ydkYvTwfwmwdkY 1234567890123456789012345
aps;EIef;awGeJY ypönf;awGudkwu,fhaps;cif;rS
1234567890123456789012345
vkyfaqmifrSm jzpfw,f/ VTS u wjcm; txl;ud&d,mawGeJY 1234567890123456789012345
0,f,l&ovdk cHpm;rIrsKd; &apygvdrfhr,f/
wjcm;aqmhzf0JawGudk toHk;jyKzdkY awmif;cHvdrfhr,f r[kwfygbl;/ 1234567890123456789012345
1234567890123456789012345
toHk;jyKcGifhEIef;xm;udk tajctaetrsKd;rsKd;eJY cGifhjyKrSmjzpfjyD; 1234567890123456789012345
1234567890123456789012345
unlimited access twGuf wpfESpfpmudk a':vm 500 1234567890123456789012345
1234567890123456789012345
aumufcHygvdrfhr,f/ tar&duefazmifa';&Sif;&JU rSwfwrf;awGt& 1234567890123456789012345
1234567890123456789012345
tar&duefEdkifiHrSmudk rsufpdrjrifolawGeJY rsufvHk; tm;enf; 1234567890123456789012345
1234567890123456789012345
csKdUwJholaygif; 10 oef;avmuf&Sdaew,fvdkY od&w,f/ 'D 10 1234567890123456789012345
1234567890123456789012345
oef; twGuf VTS u tqifoifhjzpfaejyDvdkY pDpOfaqmif&GufwJh 1234567890123456789012345
1234567890123456789012345
Audiopoints u xkwfjyefaMunmxm;cJhygw,f/
1234567890123456789012345
1234567890123456789012345
1234567890123456789012345
1234567890123456789012345
1234567890123456789012345
16 uGefysLwm*sme,f
owif ; awG u ....... 'D v d k & S d w ,f Internet
atmufwb
kd mv? 2008 17
owif;awGu ....... 'Dvdk&Sdw,f S o f t w a r e
18 uGefysLwm*sme,f
owif;awGu ....... 'Dvdk&Sdw,f H a r d w a r e
20 uGefysLwm*sme,f
owif ; awG u ....... 'D v d k & S d w ,f Hardware
atmufwb
kd mv? 2008 21
owif;awGu ....... 'Dvdk&Sdw,f H a r d w a r e
22 uGefysLwm*sme,f
owif;awGu ....... 'Dvdk&Sdw,f H a r d w a r e
STATS
Apple iPod nano 4G rdwq
f uf
Apple ukrÜPD\ pwkw¬rsKd;qufopf Apple iPod nano 4G wGif enf;ynm tar&duef a':vm
topf? ta[mif;wdkY aygif;pyfa&marTxm;onf/ &Snf&SnfoG,foG,f 'DZdkif;
jzpfjyD; jrifuGif; ydkus,fvmonf/ 8GB twGuf wefzdk; 149 a':vmjzpfí
16GB twGuf wefzdk; 199 a':vm usoifhygvdrfhrnf/ 8GB version wGif
oDcsif;yk'fa& 2 axmif odkYr[kwf AD'D,dk 8 em&Dpm odkavSmifEdkifjyD; 16GB ESppf Of urÇmwpf0ef;ü yHEk ydS v
f yk if ef;oH;k
version wGif oDcsif;yk'fa& 4 axmifESifh AD'D,dk 16 em&Dpm odkavSmifodrf;xm;
riftwGuf oH;k pGaJ eMuonfh wefz;kd
Edkifonf/ Accelerometer ac: tvsif\ ajymif;vJEIef;udk wdkif;wmay;onhf
ud&d,mudk xnfhoGif;wnfaqmufxm;aomaMumifh jrifuGif;udk tvdktavsmuf
wnfhrwfatmif jyKvkyfay;onf/ wpfenf;tm;jzifh oifonf iPod udk
wnfhwnfhudkifxm;&mrS vSJí udkifvdkufvQif jrifuGif; ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○
24 uGefysLwm*sme,f
owif;awGu ....... 'Dvdk&Sdw,f M y a n m a r N e w s
rMumcif r S m zG i f h v S p f a wmh r ,f h
ACER showroom rSm Acer product
awGxJu 16 vufreJY 19 vufr
LCD display awGtjzpf X 163W fx
193 HQAbd/P194 wbd wdkY 0,f
,l&&SEd idk rf mS jzpfjyD; Notebook awGxu J
AS4330 16 lG 16Mn armf',f? AS
47302-32G 1G 16 Mn armf',f? As
4930- 581G25 Mn armf',foHk;rsKd;
toifha&mif;csay;oGm;r,fvdkY od&yg
w,f/
'ghtjyif uGefysLwmrSty tjcm;
Acer product awGxJu projector
jrefrmjynftwGuf Acer uk,
d pf m;vS,f awGtaeeJY x11602 armf',f? P1166
2008 ckESpf pufwifbmvupjyD; tional warranty udpeö JY ywfoufvdkY armf',f? x 1260 armf',f P5270
Acer ukrÜPDu jrefrmjynftwGuf ta&SUtm&SEdkifiHrsm;twGif; c&D;oGm; armf',f? P5260 i armf',fwdkYudkvnf;
wpfOD;wnf;ukd,fpm;vS,ftjzpf a&T vm&if; vdktyfvmygu tcrJh aqmif wifxm; a&mif;csr,fvYkd pHpk rf; od&&dS yg
vrif;e*g;ukrÜPD vDrdwufudk w&m; &Gufay;r,fvdkYvnf; ajymygw,f/ w,f/
0ifvTJtyfcJhw,f/ Acer ukrÜPDxkwf
uGefysLwmeJYuGefysLwmypönf;awGudk
urÇmah ps;uGurf mS ta&mif;oGucf &hJ ovdk
jrefrmEkdifiHtaeeJYvnf; vlodrsm;yg
w,f/
Acer product awG t wG u f
showroom eJY service center udk
trSwf 570? urf;em;vrf;rSm atmuf
wdkbmvv,frSm zGifhvSpfawmhr,fvdkY
od&ygw,f/Acer products eJY ywf
oufvdkY service udpt ö 00udk pwif
zGiv hf pS af &mif;cscsdeu
f pjyD; warranty eJY
service udpt ö 00udk pwiftodtrSwf
jyKr,fvdkY Mum;od&w,f/ 'gayr,fh Toshiba ukeyf pön;f opfrw
d f qufyJG
vuf&Sd Acer product awGudk enf;
trsKd;rsKd;eJY 0,f,l oHk;pGJolawGtwGuf 2008 ckESpf Mo*kwfv 22 &uf yGJeJY rdwfqufwifjyyGJudk jyKvkyfcJhyg
vd k t yf w J h tmrcH & ,l v d k c sif w ,f ? nae 5 em&DrmS &efuek jf rdKU&Sd jrefrmjynf w,f/
jyKjyifaqmif&Gufcsifw,fqdk&ifvnf; ukd,fpm;vS,f Lucky Bird ukrÜPDeJY Toshiba ukrP
Ü t
D aeeJY ta&SUtm
yHrk eS f owfrw S af ps;EIe;f xuf avsmhenf; pifumylEkdifiH&Sd Toshiba Singapore &Sa'otwGif; w&m;0ifukd,fpm;vS,f
wJh EIef;xm;eJY 0efaqmifrIawG ay;oGm; PTE-ltd wdkYu MuD;rª;jyD;Toshiba ukef qkdifaygif; 503 qdkif&SdcJhjyD; Toshiba
r,fvdkYvnf; od&ygw,f/ Interna- ypön;f eJYywfoufwhJ owif;pm&Si;f vif; ukrÜPD&JU service 45 XmeeJY iService
26 uGefysLwm*sme,f
owif ; awG u ....... 'D v d k & S d w ,f Myanmar News
atmufwb
kd mv? 2008 27
owif;awGu ....... 'Dvdk&Sd w,f H a r d w a r e
28 uGefysLwm*sme,f
uGeyf sLwmtaxGaxG
pdwu
f ;l xJu uGeyf sLwm
Dream Machine '08
30 uGefysLwm*sme,f
uGeyf sLwmtaxGaxG
Processors: Intel Core 2 Memory: 8 GB Corsair FB- DIMM
Extreme QX 9775 CPU ESpcf k 0,f , l t oH k ; jyKol a wG trsm;pk
2008 ckESpfrSmawmh quad core u "fully-buffered" DIMMs ud k
qdw k m zvm;ygyJvYkd ajymEkid rf mS jzpfw,f/ tMuD;tus,f azmfxkwfjyoavh r&SdMu
aemuf E S p f r S m eight threads vrf ; yg/ 'Dvdk memory qdkwm worksta-
aMumif;jyK CPU awG trsm;tjym; ae&m tions awGtwGuo f m &nf&, G u
f efYowf
,lvmygvdrfhr,f/ 'DtwGuf uHtm; avh&SdwmaMumifh jzpfw,f/ Serial eJY
avsmfpGmyJ Intel &JU 3.2 GHz Core 2 parallel interfaces udk hybrid wpfck 1000 watt &Sw
d hJ ,lepf awGukd
Extreme QX 9775s wpfpu kH kd toH;k jyK taeeJY oHk;w,fqdkwmu 128 GB- jyuf&,fjyKr,fh 1200 W PSU
cGifh&cJhygw,f/ 'Dtcg 4 GHz avmuf RAM xuf ydkuJjyD; vnfywf&r,fh
0ef;usif tajctaeavmufeJY vnfywf machine awGukd cki d ;f apzdYk module xJrmS jyK&rS m jzpf w ,f / Watts 1200 ud k
EkdifzdkY Core 8 cktxd ay;vkdufovdk &Sd advanced memory buffer wpfct k ae xkwfay;jyD; jzpfay:vmwJhtyludkvnf;
oGm;apw,f/ 'DtwGuf w&m;rvGefbl; eJYom awGYjrifMu&rSmjzpfw,f/ tjypfu avsmhenf; yaysmufoGm;apvdrfhr,f/
vm;vdkY ar;p&m&Sdygvdrfhr,f/ xkdufwef awmh AMB uae tvGeMf uD;rm;wJh tyl
wJh toHk;csy½dk*&rfawGtvHktavmuf awG wufvmjyD; tylatmif;aeEkdif Motherboard : Intel D5400 XS
r&Sad o;cif tcsed u f mvjzpfaeao;wmrdYk w,f/ 'gaMumifrh Ykd Corsair Dominator Intel &JU rlv V8 S5000 XVN
vGefw,fvdkY xifaumif;p&m &Sdcsif&Sdyg fan udk rvGJraoG toHk;jyK&w,f/ rm;om;bkwfu relabeled vkyfxm;wJh
vdrfhr,f/ 'Dae&mrSm multitasking dual-Xeon board wpfckudk pdwf0ifpm;
u@udk tomarhxm;vkdufjyD; *drf; zG,fjzpfatmif aZmif;ay;vkyfukdifxm;
wpfckudk upm;aecsdeftwGif; H.264 wm jzpfw,f/ 'gaMumifh Intel tae
video udkvnf; encoding vkyfoGm;Ekdif eJY V8 ay:u oif
wmawmh taotcsm jzpfw,f/ wpfcsed f cef;pmawG &,l
wnf;rSmvnf; code awGudkvnf; jyKpk jyD; Skulltrail D
vkyu f idk af eEkid w
f ,f/ Folding @Home 5400XS board
session tcsKdUudv k nf; vnfywfEidk pf rG ;f avmavmq,f udk ydkjyD; aumif;vm
&SdoGm;apygvdrfhr,f/ aemufqHk; Intel &Sad ewJh applications awGu atmif zefwD;,lxm;w,f/ FB -
u rMumcifay:xGufvmawmhr,fh Ne- awmh 'Davmufrsm;wJh RAM udk DIMM slots awGeJY SAS features
halem xuf QX 9775s wpfpHku ydkjyD; bmvky&f rSmvJvYkd ar;aumif; awGawmh rygawmhay/ CrossFire udk
tusKd;&v'fawG xkwfazmfay;aeygvdrfh ar;Ekid w
f ,f/ yHhydk;ay;wmrsKd;? overclocking feature
r,f/ rsKd;eJY orm;½dk;us rm;om;bkwf obm0
PSU: Turbo Cool xuf ydkygvmjyD; Intel ICH9R south
1200 qd k w J h PC Power bridge udv k nf; udik w
f ,G Ef idk pf rG ;f &Sv
d m
Supply Unit
Dream Machine rm;om;bkww
f umh xdyaf cgiyf gy/J
tvkyvf yk jf yDqwkd meJY 1000
watts PSUs trsm;pk
taeeJ Y tMuD ; tus,f
'Pf y d a erS m jzpf w ,f /
'gaMumifh yg0gvnf;xkwf
wpfcw k nf;wke;f uawmh bomb ? ay;? tat;vnf;cHjyD;om; jzpfaeap
ESpcf q
k akd wmh bombastic vdYk qdEk idk w
f ,f/ r,fh Turbo Cool 1200 udk toHk;
atmufwb
dk m? 2008 31
uGeyf sLwmtaxGaxG
w,f/ Board &JU nForce 100 chips csdefwG,fxm;wJh twkdif;twm wpfck twdtus rod&ao;wJh ypönf;wpfck
ESpcf u
k wpfqifh SLI twGuf yHyh ;kd aqmif twGif; &Sdaeapa&;twGuf D-TEK vdkY qdk&rSmjzpfw,f/ wu,f wyfqif
&Gufay;wJh jznfhpGufcsufvnf; ygvm FuZion v2 CPU blocks ESpc f u
k v
kd nf; toHk;csvkdufwJhtcg GeForce GTX
w,f/ CrossFire jzpfjzpf? SLI jzpfjzpf ydkjyD; aocsma&&mapzdkY xyfxnfhxm; 280 wpfcktaeeJY 3D Mark Vantage
vnfywfaeapEkid rf ,fh wpfcw
k nf;aom ao;w,f/ toHqlnHjcif;r&SdbJ jidrfjidrf rSm &xm;wJh tjrefEeI ;f xuf ESpq
f &oGm;
platform udk vkyfay;w,f/ 'gaMumifh oufoufeJY tedrfhqHk; tylcsdefudk EkdifEkdif cJhw,f/
D5400XS u platforms awG&JU holy eif;eif; xde;f ay;Ekid zf Ykd Enermax Ever-
grail wpfctk jzpf ae&m,lomG ;apw,f/ est 12 cm fan ESpfcku vkyfukdifay; Soundcard: Creative Labs Sound
Blaster X-Fi Titanium
w,f/
Onboard audio vkyfief;pOfu
Videocards: ATI Radeon 4870 ½kwfjcnf;qdkovdk MuD;xGm;vmcJhw,f/
X2s ESpu
f wf 'gayr,fh DM 2008 twGuaf wmh oefY
Nvidia &JU rlv tqHk;tjzwfu oefYpifpifeYJ yuwd obm0twkid ;f &Sad e
Skulltrail udk taxmuftul rûycJhay/ qJjzpfwJh discrete audio ukd toH;k cs,l
GeForce GTX 280 qdkwJh topfpuf vkdufw,f/ a&maESmvkyf udkifay;aeap
pufypönf;av;udk wpfckcsif; toHk;cszdkY r,ft h pm; oD;jcm;vkyif ef;&yfwpfctk ae
tcGifhtvrf; jyKvkyfxm;ovdk SLI udk eJY vkyu
f idk af y;apvdw
k o
hJ abm jzpfw,f/
toHk;jyKxm;EkdifwJh single-proc sys-
tjrifq
h ;kH pGr;f aqmif&nfeYJ qlnrH I tem udkvnf; ajymif;,l&zdkY &Sdaejyef
tuif;pifq;kH jzpfapzdYk home-brewed w,f/ 'gaMumifh wwd, tcGifhtvrf;
cooling kit u tmrcHcsuaf y;Ekid w f ,f/ wpfckudk a&G;cs,fjyD; ATI udk aqG;aEG;
ajymqdk&w,f/ uHtm;avsmfpGm trnf
Cooling: jrifuGif;yom' qef;opfwJ h
udk twdtus ray;&ao;wJh dual-GPU
Water-cooling
Cards udk toHk;jyKcGifh&cJhw,f/ ydkjyD;
Water cooling awG t wG u f discrete audio
Blackbird chassis &JU twkdif;twm
opfviG wf hJ taetxm;udk toH;k jyKcGi&hf
vkdufwJhoabm jzpfw,f/ ATI taeeJY pepfukd ykpH o
H pfeYJ
t&G,ftpm;awGu rdrdwdkYtwGuf op- toufjyefoGif; ay;cJhw,f/
Radeon HD 4870 X2 vdYk ac:&rvm;/
tions awGukd uefYowfxm;ovdk jzpfae
4970X2 vdkYyJ trnfay;&rvm;vdkY
cJhao;w,f/ yefumESpfckwyf yg;vswJh aumif;aewJh [mh'0f t J &Sed u
f rxdcu dk f
radiator wpfrsKd;jzpfwJh Black Ice Pro apwJ h t jyif CPU cycles awG
2 Xflow radiator udk toHk;cs vnf tajrmuftjrm; tydk&vmapyg
ywfaprSm jzpfw,f/ Reservoir uawmh w,f/ PCI Express udk yHhydk;
jyD;cJw
h hJ ESpu
f DM rSm toH;k jyKcJw
h hJ armf aqmif&u G af y;Ekid zf Ykd DSP udk jyefjyD;
',feJYtwlwljzpfw,f/ Danger Den 'DZidk ;f jyKvkyx f m;wJh Sound Blaster
&JU single-bay tank yJjzpfw,f/ X-Fi Titanium topf w pf c k u d k
vufr0ufavmuf&SdwJh tubing eJY Creative u xkwfay;vkdufwmaMumifh
fittings awGeJYtwl tuste pDpOf wyfqif toHk;jyKcGifh&cJhw,f/ 'D card
wyfqifxm;jyD; tvGefw&m yg0g tm; u Dolby Digital encoding eJY op-
aumif;wJh DD 12 V -D5 pump eJY tical SPDIFs wpfpHkudkyg yg0ifxm;ap
armif;ESif vkyu f idk af pw,f/ Feser One Skulltrail ay:u Geforce GTX 280
w,f/
eJY UV-reactive coolant tjzpf toH;k cs wpfcuk &wJh pGr;f aqmif&nfxuf
w,f/ Processors tylcsdef owfrSwf ESpq
f &&So
d Gm;apw,f/
32 uGefysLwm*sme,f
uGeyf sLwmtaxGaxG
subwoofer wdkYyJ jzpfw,f/ 'D 2.1 array wpfct
k wGi;f &Sad ewJh Revision B
channel system av;u games awG Velociraptors ESpfckeJY RAID 5 setup
twGujf zpfjzpf? movies awGtwGujf zpf wpfcktwGif; &SdaeMuwJh HD 103 UJ
jzpf? music awGtaeeJYjzpfjzpf sonic oHk;ckudk yl;wGJwyfqif toHk;jyKvkdufyg
clarity eJY high resolution &atmif w,f/
xkwfvTwfay;&if; em;qifolawG&JU
optical vkyif ef;pOf tm;vH;k udk Operating System: Windows
aomwtm½Hkudk tjynfht0 jznfhqnf;
ydik yf idk Ef idk Ef idk f pGr;f aqmifay;Ekid w
f ,f/ Vista Ultimate x64 Edition +
ay;ygw,f/ High-end audio pro-
Windows XP Pro
ducts rS e f & if tvG e f w &m aps;EI e f ;
Optical Drive: LG Super Multi vGefcJhwJh 18 vurS vSvSyy om;
Blue GBW-H20L
MuD;jrifhw,fqdkayr,fh Audiobyte u
om;em;em; xGufay:vmcJhwJh Win-
LG &JU GBW-H20L qdkwJh Blu-
a':vm 530 yJ wefzdk;owfrSwfxm;
dows Vista u SP1 eJY jznfq h nf;vmcJh
ray burner u DVD write speeds
w,f/
jyD;jyDjzpfwmrdkY stability taetxm;
awG wifhoifhavsmufywfpGm&EkdifapzdkY reliability tcGit hf vrf; performance
oD;jcm; drive wpfck xyfrxnfh&awmh tajctaetm;vHk; wkd;wuf
ay/ jyefMunfrh ,fq&kd if xdyw
f ef;pm&if; jynfph jkH yD;jzpfaew,f/
0if Blu-ray burner u DVD +R 4GB memory &Sd&if
twGuf 8x speed avmufudk oem; 32-bit XP caps awG
w,fvdkY ajymEkdifw,f/ GBW -H20L uvnf; tbufbuf
taeeJY tjrefqHk; BD-R speeds udk u jynfhpHkrIawG &Sdvmap
jr§ifhwifay;Ekdif½HkrQomru vuf&Sd 6x w,f/ DM 2008 rSm RAM
udkvnf; &Ekdifapygao;w,f/ tyHkawG wpfyHkwpfyif &xm;jyD;
'DacwftwGuf tqH;k pGef
wmrdkY perfect XP udk taumif
Speakers : Axiom Audio Audiobyte performance eJY tqk;H pGef capacity
txnfazmfEidk cf iG hf &Sv d mw,f/ 'gaMumifh
vuf&t dS aetxm;rSm pyDum xkwf &Ekid rf ,fh ESprf sK;d udk aygi;f pyfvyk u
f idk f
jynfhpHkuHkvHkwJh avmuESpfckvHk;udk cHpm;
vkyof al wGu yDpaD ps;uGuq
f u
D pGeYfcmG ae apcJw h ,f/
cGi&hf Ekid zf Ykd Windows Vista Ultimate x
MujyD jzpfw,f/ uHtm;avsmpf mG Axiom
64 Edition eJY Windows XP Pro ESpc f k
Audio u xkwfvkyfwJh pyDumpepfudk Storage: Western Digital vHk;udk t&,lvkdufEkdifw,f/
taumif;qHk; &v'fawGeJYtwl a&G;cs,f Velociraptors ESpcf k + Three
oHk;EkdifcJhw,f/ Audiobyte self-pow- Samsung D103UJs
ered speakers eJY EPZero passive pGrf;aqmif&nfjrifhwJh storage awG
twGuf odom xif&Sm;wJh vkdif;ESpfvkdif;
video ta&;Mu;D ovdk audio
&Sdaew,f/ wpfvkdif;u speed jzpfjyD;
twGuv f nf; bit wkdif;u ta&;MuD;vS aemufwpfvidk ;f u size jzpfw,f/ Wes-
w,f/ tern Digital &JU Velociraptor u 300
GB avmufyJ 0ifqr hH I yrmP&Sad ejyD; jzpf
ayr,fh prf;oyfjyD;orQ drive awGxJrSm
tjref q ef q H k ; EI e f ; xm; &xm;w,f /
Samsung &JU HD103UJ qdw k muawmh
pGrf;aqmif&nf tjrifhqHk;eJY olYvkdif;rSm OSes ESpcf t
k Mum; rdrw
d &Ykd UJ bases
terabyte t&G,ftpm;txd &Ekdifap tm;vH;k udk vTr;f jcKH ay;aeapw,f/
w,f/ DM 2008 twGuf RAID 0
36 uGefysLwm*sme,f
uGeyf sLwmtaxGaxG
Case : HP Blackbird 002 Blackbird case uawmh wpfckvHk;
HP Blackbird PC tay: pwif eDu,fvfom;awGeJY wefqmqifxm;
rdwfqufvmwkef;uawmh odyfjyD; [uf w,f/ 'D case rSm oHk;xm;wJh plate
[ufyufyuf r&SdcJhMuay/ 'gayr,fh csyfa&aygif; 70 &Sdaew,f/ tvSty
'Dvkd DM 2008 vdk uGeyf sLwmrsK;d qif,l twGuaf &m cdik cf rhH t
I wGuyf g pyg,f&,
S f
awmhr,fqakd wmh Blackbird udk arhxm; atmf'grSm vkyfckdif;xm;wmaMumifh DM
vdkYr&awmhay/ tvGefav;vHwJh tvsL 2008 rSmoHk;wJh Blackbird &JU wefz;kd u
rDe, D t
H rd Mf uD;u front-panel USB wdYk ? a':vm 500 ausmf usoGm;w,f/
FireWire connection wdYk ? pop-up 15
in-1 card reader wdkY? external LED Mouse and Keyboard : Microsoft
lighting wdkYvdk features twGuf vQyf Natural Ergonomic Keyboard tjrifvnf;vS? pGr;f aqmif&nfvnf;
4000 + Logitech G5 Rev.2
ppf 0kdif,mMudK;awG oyfoyf&yf&yfeJY pDrH aumif; qufo, G rf I rSeo
f rQuv
kd nf; yHyh ;kd
DM 2008 twGuf toHk;jyKr,fh
aqmif&Gufay;EkdifwJhtwGuf taumif; ay;Ekid w
f hJ 'Dvkd 30 vufr t&G,t f pm;
uD;bkwfudk a&G;cs,fEkdifzdkY tcsdeftawmf
qH;k tajctaeawG ay;aecJyh gw,f/ 9.2 LCD udk rawGY zl;cJah o;ay/
av;ay;cJh&w,f/ aemufqHk;awmh Na-
cm t&G,t f pm;&Sw
d hJ fan u hard drive
tural Ergonomic 4000 udk a&G;cs,f
slots ig;cktwGif; avawGjzwfoef; 2008 twGuf toHk;jyKcJhygw,f/ Dis-
oHk;jzpfw,f/ armufpfudkawmh pixel
oGm;vmzdkY EkdifEkdifeif;eif; aqmif&Gufay; play resolution 2560 x 1600 &Sd w,f/
accurate gaming performance xkwf
w,f/ Case &JU ceiling ay:rSmvnf; ay:vmwJhyHk&dyfawGu jrL;jrL;<um;<um;
ay;EkdifjyD; ukdifwG,ftoHk;jyK&wm ouf
12 cm fans ESpfckudk tuste xkdif &Sdovdk grayscale range uvnf;
aomifhoufomyHkpH'DZkdif;&SdwJh G5 Rev.2
xm;ay;EkdifwmrdkY rm;om;bkwfeJY wjcm; txifMuD;p&m jzpfw,f/ touch-sen-
udk toHk;csjzpfygw,f/
tpdwftykdif;awGtay: avat; jzwf sitive interface cvkwfav;
oef;oGm;rI &Sdaeapw,f/ HP taeeJY awGuvnf; jrefjrefqefqef
Blackbird cases awGudk pufwifbm vG,fvG,fulul toHk;csEkdifap
vqef;urSpjyD; yxrqHk; 25 vHk;udk w,f/ Connection options
a':vm 1000 qD owfrSwfjyD; wifydkY awGvnf; wpfjyHKwpfrygvm
a&mif;cscJhwmjzpfw,f/ cJhw,f/
DM 2008 twGuf oHk;wJh HP &JU
yDpt
D oH;k jyKow
l &Ykd UJ yg0g desktop rSm
wefqmqifavh&w dS hJ input duo awGyJ udef;*Pef;awGu pum;ajym vmw,f
jzpfw,f/ aemufqHk;awmh 'Dvdk a&G;cs,fxm;
wJh [mh'f0JawG&JU ta&twGuf yrmP
twkdif; DM 2008 rSm wyfqif jzpfcJh
Monitor: Gateway XHD3000 w,f/ oDtdk&Dt&omr[kwf vufawGY
30 vufr t&G,ftpm; armfeDwm &&SdwJh jrefqef oGufvufrIawG&JU &v'f
awmfawmfrsm;rsm;rSm tpuftajymuf awGudkvnf; ppfaq;EkdifcJhw,f/ 'D ring
xifwhJ backlighting wdYk? color- track- u &wJh yg0gawGu oufaotjzpf
ing udpöwkdY? nHhzsif;wJh presets wdkY wnf&SdEkdifcJhw,f/ 'DaeYtxd xGufay:
wpfcck ek YJruif;bJ &Sad ewwfw,f/ 'gay vmjyD;orQ application awGeJYtwl
r,fh Gateway XHD 3000 uawmh 'Dvkd yHkrSefpGrf;aqmifrI tusKd;&v'fawGudk
uav;i,f jrL;xl; upm;Ekid rf ,fh tjypftemtqmawG uif;&Sif;wmrdkY jrifawGYcGifh&cJhw,f/
a&csK;d uefav; eJY wlaeavovm;/ taumif;qHk; a&G;cs,frItaeeJY DM 4 GHz Core 2 Extreme QX 9770
atmufwb
dk m? 2008 37
uGeyf sLwmtaxGaxG
aemufqHk;tao;pdwfpm&if;
Name
CPU Two Intel core 2 Exterme QX9775s
Memory 8 GB Corsair FB-DIMM
Coosair Dominator Fan
Power Supply PC Power and Cooling Turbo Cool 1200
Motherboard Intel D5400XS
Cooling Black Ice Pro2 Xflow Radiator
Danger Den Reservoir
D012V-D5 Pump
Feser One UV-Reactive Coolant
Two D-TEK FuZion v2 CPU Blocks
Two Enermax Everest Fans
Videocards Two ATI Radeon 4870X2s
Soundcard Creative Labs Sound Blaster X-Fi Titanium
Optical drive LG Super Multi Blue GBW-H20L
CPU wyfqifxm;jyD; 4 GB DDR3 eJY Speakers Axion Audio Audiobyte
Geforce 9800 GX2 cards wpfpHkwdkY Storage Two Western Digital Velociraptions
eJYtwl wGJzufwyfqifxm;wJh Zlvkdifv Three Samsung HD 103U
u xkwv f yk cf w
hJ hJ Cyber Power Gamer Case Blackbird 002
Ultimate SLI Quad PC eJY EdIif;,SOf Chroming Smoked Nicket Plating
Munfh&ifaum b,fvdkrsm;&SdrvJvdkY OS Window Vista Ultimate x64 Edition
oHo,&Scd &hJ w,f/ 'gayr,fh DM 2008 Windows XP Professional
taeeJY tcsKdU tests awGrSm jzwfausmf Keyboard Microsoft Natural Ergonomic Keyboard 4000
oGm;wJhtxd atmifjrifcJhw,fvdkY qdk& Mouse Logitech G5 Res 2
rSm jzpfw,f/ Display Gateway XHD3000
Premiere Pro CS3 eJY ProShow Total
Producer ES p f c k v H k ; twG u f Cyber
Power box udk 23 &mcki d Ef eI ;f eJY 36 &mckid f qef;ppfMunfhwJhtcg Main Concept: SLI rig u 55fps &wJhtcsdefrSm DM
EIe;f toD;oD;jzwf ausmfomG ;Ekid cf w hJ ,f/ Reference u single -processor udy k J 2008 u 26fps yJ&&SdwmawGY&w,f/ 'D
Photoshop CS3 rS m awmh wef ; wl yHyh ;kd zdYk vidk pf ifeYJ uefYowfxm;wmaMumifh udpeö YJywfoufvYkd driver eJY OS optimi-
&nfwlavmufyJ &Sdaew,f/ jzpfzdkYrsm; vdkY awGY&w,f/ zation aMumifv
h Ykd wGuq f Ekid cf MhJ uw,f/
wmuawmh Photoshop taeeJY 'kwd, Unreal Tournament 3 Direct 'gaMumifh urÇmay:rSm jrefqef
processor udk EdI;qGray;cJhwmaMumifh X10 benchmark rSmawmh Radeon oGufvufrIt&SdqHk;vdkY jzpfvmapr,fh
jzpfEkdifw,f/ 'gaMumifh Quad-core wpfpHkpm&JU tpGrf;aMumifh 145 fps txd DM 2008 twGuf pDpOfwnfaqmufrI
CPU wpfvHk;wnf;udkyJ wGef;armif; &&SdoGm;cJhw,f/ Crytek's Crysis prf; awGeYJ &v'fawGu [mh'0f J avhvmvku d f
,lapw,f/ oyfrIeJY ywfoufvdkYawmh tm;&p&m pm;olawGtaeeJY tusKd;tjrwfawG
Main Concept benchmark rSm raumif;bJ&SdcJh&w,f/ 'Dudpöuvnf; rsm;pGm &Ekdifvdrfhr,fvdkY arQmfvifh&if;
awmh Dream machine u 10 &mckdif toH;k jyKwhJ benchmarks 'DZidk ;f aMumifv
h Ykd wifjyvkduf&ygw,f/
EIef; ydkaES;aew,f/ bmjzpfvkdYvJvdkY ,lqcJMh u&w,f/ CyberPower Quad OD;aomif;0if; (yef;cs,&f )D
38 uGefysLwm*sme,f
NEWPRODUCTS
Panasonic Toughbook CF-U1
½dk;½dk; tablet PCs trsKd;tpm;awGtaeeJY vIyfvIyf&Sm;&Sm; oGm;vmvkyfudkifae
Mu&wJh lifestyle rSmawmh vHkavmufwJh MuHhckdifrIr&Sdbl;vdkY ajymqkdolawGtwGuf
Panasonic u Toughbook CF-U1 udk xkwfvkyfvkdufygw,f/ tav;csdef
2 'or 3 aygifav;jyD; udk,fxnft&G,ftpm;taeeJY 2 'or 2 vufr _
7 'or 2 vufr _ 5 'or 9 vufr &Sdygw,f/ ae&mwum o,f,loGm;
EdkifwJh t&G,feJYtav;csdef taetxm;&SdaeapjyD; 'layemay toHk;jyKEkdifr,fh
'DZdkif;yHkpHeJY jyKvkyfxm;wm jzpfw,f/ zkefvnf; raMumuf? a&pufpOfrSmvnf;
raMumuf&? wkefcgrIaMumifh ysufpD;rSmvnf; rpdk;&drf&wJhtjyif av;aytjrifh
u vGwfuscJhwJhwkdif MuHhMuHhcdkifcdkif rysufrpD; qufvuf toHk;jyKEdkifr,fhtae
txm;&Sdw,f/ xnhfoGif; wyfqifay;xm;wJh bufx&Duvnf; wpfquf
wnf; 9 em&DMumtxd toHk;jyKEdkifw,f/ Toughbook CF-U1 &JU owfrSwf
a&mif;aps;uawmh 2499 a':vm jzpfw,f/
40 uGefysLwm*sme,f
Dell Studio 15 & studio 17
Dell ukrÜPD&JU xkwfvkyfwJhrlt& XPS series qkd&if 'DZkdif;udk OD;pm;
ay;w,f/ Inspiron awGqkd&if customisation udk tav;ay;
aqmif&Gufavh &Sdw,f/ tckwpfMudrfrSmawmh 'Dvkdif;ESpfcktMum;rSm
ESpfckvHk; tH0ifcGifus wpfpdwfwpfa'opD yg0ifapr,fh Studio series
opfwpfckudk csay;vdkufjyefygw,f/ yxrqHk; 'DpD;&D;0iffawGtjzpf
studio 15 udk 799 a':vm? studio 17 udk 999 a':vm toD;oD;
owfrSwfa&mif;csvmygw,f/ ESpfckvHk;twGuf hardware options
awG tajrmuftjrm; cGifhjyKxm;ay;w,f/ Intel Core 2 Duo
processors twGufjzpfjzpf? hard drives twGufjzpfjzpf? ATI
Mobility Radeon graphics twGuf jzpfjzpf high-resolutions
display twGuf pdwfMudKufwyfqifay;apw,f/
udk,fxnfta&mifudkvnf; tjym? tpdrf;?
Voodoo PC Envy 133 vdar®mf? yef;a&mif? c&rf;eJY teDa&mif
Ultraportable taeeJYqkd&ifawmh uefYowfrI pojzifh graphics eJYvnf;
twkdif;twmwpfckckawmh &SdoGm;wwfw,f/ &Edkifygw,f/
'gayr,fh pwkdifeJY ywfouf&ifawmh
Limitation qkdwm r&SdEkdifay/ tav;csdef
tayghyg;qHk; taetxm;&SdaeapjyD; vSvSyy
aMumhaMumh&Sif;&Sif; wyfrufp&maumif;vSwJh
pwkdifeJY Envy 133 qkdwJh notebook av;udk
Voodoo PC xkwfvkyfa&;vkyfief;u
xkwfvkyfvdkufwJhtwGuf 0,f,l IdeaCentre K210
toHk;jyKr,fholawG&JU qE´ESpfck wpfjydKifwnf; tvGefaumif;rGefwJh outfit awGeJY desktop udk tvdk&SdaeolawG
jynfh0oGm;Muygvdrhfr,f/ tav;csdeftm;jzifh twGuf tar&duefEkdifiH&Sd desktop aps;uGufukd &nfrSef;jyD;
3 aygifyJav;jyD; xktaeeJY 0 'or 7 vufr Lenovo u yxrqHk; IdeaCentre K 210 qdkwJh desktop udk
om &Sdw,f/ uD;bkwft&G,ftpm;usawmh wifydkYay;vdkufwm jzpfw,f/ Intel Core 2 Quad processor wdkY?
extra-large vkdY ajym&avmufwJh yHkpH'DZdkif; Blu-ray/ HD-DVD comboo drive wdkYudk pdwfMudKuf awmif;qkd
jyKay;xm;wJhtjyif multi touch pad wpfck cGifh&Sdovdk integrated graphic taetxm;jzpfap? ATI Radeon
yg0ifxm;apw,f/ 13 'or 3 vufr 2600 XT discrete graphic taetxm;eJYjzpfap awmif;qkdcGifh
t&G,f&SdwJh LED backlit display udk ay;xm;w,f/ Built-in facial recognition technology
oHk;xm;ay;w,f/ Processors u 1.83 GHz xnhfxm;ay;jyD; antimicrobial uD;bkwfwpfckvnf;
speed &SdjyD; ultra - low - voltage flavors xl;xl;jcm;jcm; xnfhay;rSm jzpfw,f/
yg&Sdvmapw,f/ 1.6 GHz eJY xkwfvkyfrIudk a&G;cs,frItay: rlwnfjyD;
vnf; &Ekdifygao;w,f/ odkrSD;pepftwGuf aps;EIef;u 379 a':vmu
solid- statedrive udk oHk;xm;jyD; 80GB pwif &SdaerSmjzpfw,f/
eJYjzpfjzpf? 64 GB eJYjzpfjzpf &Ekdifygw,f/ pdwful;eJYqE´udk
owfrSwfa&mif;aps;u tao;pdwfyg0ifcsuf aps;EIef;csKdcsKdomomeJY
tay:rlwnfjyD; a':vm 2000 0ef;usifrSm jznhfqnf;ay;r,fh
&SdEdkifygw,f/ yHkpHjzpfw,f/
atmufwkdbm? 2008 41
NEW PRODUCTS
42 uGefysLwm*sme,f
NEW PRODUCTS
44 uGefysLwm*sme,f
NEW PRODUCTS
46 uGefysLwm*sme,f
NEW PRODUCTS IN YANGON
Toshiba Satellite L310 - N 403 notebook
uGefysLwmeJY vkyfudkifaqmif&GufEdkifp&mudptö 00udk
aqmif&GufEdkifjyD; usyfaiG 7 odef;avmufeJY 0,f,l
&&SdEdkifr,fh notebook tvdk&SdcJhygu Toshiba Satellite
L310 - N 403 udkom 0,f,lygawmhvdkY nTef;qdk&rSm
jzpfw,f/ Intel celeron M 550 2.0 GHZ processor
eJYtwl 512 MB DDR RAM eJY Intel GL960 graphics
wdkYudk wyfqifay;xm;w,f/ 120 GB yrmP&SdwJh SATA
hard drive udk zHk;xm;jyD; optical drive tjzpf DVD RW
super yg&Sdygw,f/ Drive awGtwGuf shock absorber
wyfqifay;xm;wmrdkY awmf½Hkwef½Hk wkefcgrIawGudk
cHEkdif&nf&Sdapw,f/ 14 vufr t&G,f WXGA LCD
display eJY 1.3 MP webcam wdkY yg&SdvmwJhtjyif
Toshiba &JU xl;jcm;wJh Smart Face vHkjcHKa&;pepfudk
toHk;jyKcGifh ay;xm;ygw,f/ MudK;rJh qufoG,frItwGuf
WiFi 802.11g udk cGifhjyKxm;jyD; 10/100 Ethernet LAN eJY
56 K fax/modem wdkYvnf; toifh yg&Sdvmygw,f/
Toshiba Satellite M 300-N400 notebook
Bluetooth pepfudkvnf; toHk;jyKcGifh ay;xm;w,f/
Mercury silver ta&mifudk,fxnfeJYa&m Crinsen Red (tvkd&Sdygu Lucky Bird ta&mif;qkdifrSm 0,f,l
ta&mifeJYyg vSvSyy'DZdkif;eJY awGUjrif&w,f/ wpfukd,fa& &&SdEdkifygw,f/)
entertainment twGuf toHk;csEkdifovdk REGZA - Link
udk toHk;csjyD; TV eJYvnf; qufoG,ftoHk;jyKEdkifzdkY
HDML tqifh yg&Sdvmygw,f/ FM tuner udkvnf;
bulit-in wyfqifay;xm;w,f/ vHkjcHKa&;pepftwGuf
Smart Face udk toHk;jyKxm;ay;w,f/ 14 'or 1
vufrt&G,f WXGA clearSuperView TFT display
av;uvnf; cefYcefYxnfxnf &Sdaeygw,f/ Intel Core 2
Duo T 5750 processor udk wyfqifxm;jyD; 1GB DDR
RAM wdkY? Intel GM 965 graphic wdkYeJYtwl 160 GB
hard drive udkvnf; wyfqifxm;w,f/ MudK;rJhqufoG,f
pepftwGuf WiFi 802.11 g udk cGifhjyKxm;jyD; 56 K Fax/
Modem wpfck 10/100 Ethernet LAN wpfckvnf; toifh
wyfqifay;vdkufygw,f/ Bluetooth pepfudkvnf; toifh
oHk;Edkifygw,f/ tydkaqmif;tjzpf webcam wdkY? card
reader wdkYudkvnf; jznfhqnf;ay;xm;ygw,f/ owfrSwf
a&mif;aps;u 13 odef;0ef;usif &Sdygw,f/(tvkd&Sdygu
Lucky Bird ta&mif;qkdifrSm 0,f,l&&SdEkdifygw,f/)
48 uGefysLwm*sme,f
NEW PRODUCTS IN YANGON
atmufwkdbm? 2008 49
uGeyf sLwmtufaq;
uRef a wmf u tajymif ; tvJ qdk&rSmaygh cifAsm;? aemufcH bdkvdkajym& rESpfjcdKufrdygbl;/ tJ'DvdkrsKd;&SdwJh tcsdef
jrefwwfwhJ vlwpfa,mufyg/ 'gayr,fh &if background u rnf;aeayr,fh rSm Amazon uyJxw k w f hJ Kindle qdw k hJ
Asm 'guvnf; qef;wJht&m r[kwfyg screen ay:rSm uRefawmfh rsufpdeJYawmh digital reader ypö n f ; av;ud k a wmh
bl;/ ta&mifajymif;vJaejyD; ajymif;vJrI wpfrsKd;jrifcJhygw,f/ cHpm;csufav;
awG jrefqefvSwJh wpf enf ; enf ; &S d c J h w ,f ajym&rS m aemf /
enf;ajym&&if jzpf uRefawmfh&JUtrkef;awG b,fa&mufoGm;
jyefysujf yef avmu"H jyDvJ rodawmhygbl;/ tjcm; wpfae&m
w&m;MuD ; wpf z k e f ud k vG i f h o G m ;cJ h j yD xif y gw,f /
wpfenf;qdk&&if uRefawmfeJY Kindle &JU qufqHa&;
tedpw ö &m;MuD; pdk;rdk; umvuvnf; &Spfv Mumanmif;
aewJh 'DavmuMuD;rSm cJhygjyD/ jiD;aiGYrI rjzpfay:vmao;
uReaf wmfvnf; ajymif; ygbl;/ olY&JU vQKdU0SufwJh cspfp&m
vJaewm bmqef;ovJ trltusifhawGudkvnf; awGYawGY
Asm/ tJ jyD;awmh wpfck vmaeygw,f/ uRefawmfwdkY&JU
&Syd gao;w,f/ uReaf wmf cifrifrIu oefYpifwJh xm0&
u cHpm;rI vG,fwwfyg wnfjrJwJh qufqHrI jzpfvm
w,f/ awmufajymifwm w,f v d k Y qd k E k d i f y gw,f /
av;awGY&if?aumufaMumif; uRefawmfwdkY&JU jzpfpOf tp
av;vSyae&if rsufpdxJrSm ykdif;u 'Dvdkyg cifAsm/
pG J v rf ; rd y gw,f / aemuf yxryk d i f ; rS m wk e f ; u
rMumygbl;/ jiD;aiGYvmjyD; control button awGudk
awmh aemuf y pö n f ; topf rMud K uf c J h y gbl ; / pm
wpfckudk MudKufrdoGm;wwfyg rsufESmawGudk? button
w,f/ udk rESdyfrdbJeJYvnf; a&SU
tJ 'D p ½dkuf av; &Sd wJh a&mufoGm;vkduf? aemufjyefa&mufoGm;
uRefawmf[m uGefysLwmqdkvnf; vkduf jzpfwwfygw,f/ wpfcgwpf&H
wHqdyfrsKd;pHk oHk;cJhygw,f/ vufawmh Munf v if j ywf o m;aeygw,f / vHk;0 zwfaewJh ae&mr[kwfwJh ae&m
awG v nf ; tygt0if a ygh A sm/ tck wpfcak wmh&wdS ,f/ Amazon u xkww f hJ pmrsufESmawGudk a&mufoGm;wwfyg
wavmawmh vufawmhawGxJrSm Dell vufuikd f digital reader ypön;f udak wmh w,f/ tJ'Dvdk csKdU,Gif;csufawG&SdaewJh
udk oHk;aeygw,f/ ESpfjcdKufaeqJvdkY jrifwJhtcsdef awGYrdp tcsdefuwnf;u ypönf;av;wpfckyg/ uRefawmf b,frSm
50 uGefysLwm*sme,f
uGeyf sLwmtufaq;
atmufwb
kd m 2008 51
PROCESSOR-ORIENTED
[efusyefus y½dq
k ufqmawG oH;k Mu&atmif
Processor- Oriented
uGeyf sLwme,fy,frmS jrefjrefqefqef ajymif;vJraI wG&adS ewJt h xJrmS rajymif;rvJ qufvufwnf&adS ewJh umvav;awG&w d S hJ
ypön;f tpdwt f ykid ;f tcsKvUd nf; &Sw d wfygw,f/ enf;ynmawG&UJ qef;opfajymif;vJraI wGu ESppf Of ESpw f idk f;vdv k ?kd
wpfEpS jf cm;wpfMurd v f v
kd kd &Sad ewwfw,f/ CPU wpfrsK;d pDrmS ay;xm;wJt h rnfawG? pGr;f &nfawGeYJ &apEkid w f hJ
tusK;d tjrwfawGu trsK;d rsK;d &SEd idk o f vdk uGjJ ym;jcm;em;pGm xGuaf y: vmrIawGuvnf; wpfveJY wpfv rwlEikd af tmif
awGvY m&w,f/ aemufq;kH aps;uGux f rJ mS processor wpfcu k kd 0,f,zl u
Ykd pd öjzpfjzpf? rdrv
d uf&dS toH;k jyKaewJh processor udk
b0ifrusjzpfvmwJh udprö sK;d rSmyJjzpfjzpf ra&r&m ½Iyaf xG; rIawGtwGuf tav;teufxm;p&m pGr;f &nfowåad wGukd
pOf;pm;vm&awmhw,f/ AMD processor awG 0,frvm;? Intel processor udyk J 0,frvm;? quad-core
trsK;d tpm;qd&k ifawmh dual-core xuf aumif;rSmyJ povdk tawG;awGeYJ ajrmufjrm;vSpmG xkwv f yk af &mif;csaewJh
processors &JU specification tao;pdwf tnTe;f Z,m;udk Munf½h eHk YJ odEidk zf Ykd vdv k myg w,f/
wu,fawmh t"dymÜ ,fawGukd odvm&if processor wpfc&k t UJ aMumif;u 'Davmuftxd r½Iyaf xG;apawmhay/ Clock
speeds u b,fv&kd rdS ,f? caches u b,favmufv/J Core u b,fvv kd Jqwkd mawGeJY rdrwd wfEidk w f Jh bwf*suf
taetxm; awGukd ,SOx f ;kd qH;k jzwf½ykH J &Syd gawmhw,f/
atmufwb
kd m? 2008 53
uGeyf sLwmtaxGaxG
Core &JU pdk;rdk;csuf wu,fvdkY two cores eJY four jyoauFwtjzpf rSwf,lEkdifcJhMuw,f/
Core qdkwJhtqifhu tqHk;owf cores udk,SOfjyD; toHk;csMunfh&if tHMo 'gayr,fh vuf&Sd umvawGrSmawmh
aeMujyD; Cores qdkwJh tqifhawGudk p&maumif;avmufatmif ododomom 'Dtcsufu ta&;wMuD; pOf;pm;&r,fh
ul;ajymif;aeMuygjyD/ wu,fvYkdom rdrd MuD; yg0gwufvmwmudk odEkdifygvdrfh tcsufawGxJu tcsufwpfcsuftaeeJY
yDpDtwGuf single-core processor r,f/ Cores av;ckvHk;udk applica- om &Sdaeapygawmhw,f/ OyrmtaeeJY
wpfckudk vJvS,fwyfqifzdkY vdkuf&Smae tions trsKd;rsKd;twGuf cGJoHk;ay;vdkuf Intel uxkwwf hJ 2.5 GHz Core 2 Quad
r,f q d k & if a wmh Q 400 eJY 3GHz
'ku©rcHygeJY Core 2 Duo
vdYak jymvdyk gw,f/ E8400 wdkYudk EdIif;
t&if u ad- ,S O f Munf h &if
vanced CPU tjywftowf uGm
awGukd rpOf;pm; jcm; aeygvdrfhr,f/
bl;qdkwm 'gaMumif h pD ; &D ;
aps;EIef;aMumifhyJ wpfckxJu CPUs
jzpfygw,f/ ckcsed f tcsif;csif; EdIif;,SOf
rSm two - core wJ h t cgu clock
processor awGu bwf*suftqifh - speed u t"dyÜm,f
a':vm 100 AMD Athlon av;eufrIudk azmfjy
atmufrSm &SdaecJhyg X2 Dual-core (a':vm aeaprSm jzpfw,f/
w,f / a':vm 70 100 atmuf) 'Dvdk core tajrmuf
atmufom owfrSwfxm;wJh tjrm;eJY vkyif ef;tqifq h ifh
two-core awG u d k &Ek d i f v mygjyD / udk aqmif&GufEkdifwmu clock
wdwdususajym&&if single-cores eJY ovd k jzpf o G m ;apw,f / speed taeeJ Y 500 MHz avmuf
two-cores aps;EIe;f awGu rwdr;f r,dr;f 'gayr,f h v nf ; tck c sd e f x d a wmh uGmjcm;aerSmxuf ydkjyD; ta&;wMuD;
avmufudk &Sdaeygw,f/ aps;uGufrSm 0,f,loHk;pGJ wJh tiftm;u pOf;pm;p&m jzpfaew,f/
vkyfay;EkdifpGrf; uGm[rIu xkduf tm;&p&m rjzpfao;wm awGY&w,f/ aemufta&;MuD;wJh tcsufuawmh
xdkufwefwef &SdvSw,f/ AD'D,dkwnf; bmyJjzpfjzpf 'Dvdk multi-core processor &JU L2 cache yJjzpfw,f/
jzwfrI vkyif ef;vdk multithreaded aqmhzf systems awGudk wpfaeYxufwpfaeY olu data udk odkrSD;ay;jyD; vkyfaqmifrI
0J y½dk*&rfeJY rvnfywfapwJhwkdif chip xkwfvkyfa&mif;csolawG t&Sdeft[kefeJY tjrefEeI ;f udk jr§iw
hf ifay;Ekid w f ,f/ rMum
wpfcw k nf;tay:u trsKd;rsKd;aom vkyf jrifhwufaeygw,f/ av;av;eufeuf ao;cifu toHk;cs 0ifa&mufxm;wJh
aqmifrIawGudk jznfhqnf;ay;EkdifpGrf; pOf;pm;Munfhr,fqdk&ifawmh single- data awGudk ta&;ay: tvsiftjref
&Sw
d ,f/ bmjzpfvYkdvq J akd wmh windows core CPU awGukd tem;ay;oifah eygjyD/ processor qDukd ydYk ay;Eki d rf mS rdYk wpfyef;
u second core ay:rS m aemuf c H 'De,fajrxJudk rdrdtaeeJY ajcwpfvSrf; omapygw,f/ a,bk,soabmt&
vkyif ef;&yfawGukd vkyaf qmifapjyD; first 0ifMunfhvkdufrdwmeJY pGJrufoabmus L2 cache ydkMuD;&if rdrdarQmfrSef;xm;wm
core u rdrdvuf&SdtoHk;jyKaewJh y½dk oGm;MurSm {uef jzpfygw,f/ xuf pGrf;aqmif&nfudk ydkrdkwdk;yGm;
*&rfukd vGwv f yfpmG vkyaf y;Ekid v f Ykd yJ jzpf MuD;rm;Ekdifapw,f/ tenf;qHk;awmh
w,f/ ('Dudprö sKd;u application awG Cache awG? Clock Speed Intel CPUs awGrSm ydkjyD;MuD;rm;wJh
udk wpfjydKifeuf tqufrjywf toHk;jyK awGeJY Bus awG shared cache wpfcku toHk;wnfhae
vmwJt h csed rf mS ydjk yD; odomw,fvYkd qdEk idk f wpfcsdefwkef;uawmh processor aprSmjzpfovdk AMD xkwf processor
w,f/) wpfc&k UJ clock speed qdw
k m pGr;f aqmif awGrSm core wpfckudk cache wpfckpD
&nftwGuf ,HkMunfpdwfcs&qHk; tcsuf yg0ifaeapygw,f/
54 uGefysLwm*sme,f
PROCESSOR-ORIENTED
atmufwb
kd m? 2008 55
uGeyf sLwmtaxGaxG
t&mudkrqdk a&Smif&Sm; &if; trSm;wpfcsuf&SdoGm;wmeJY rdrd&JU
Ekdif&rSm jzpfw,f/ system udk tMuD;tus,f ysufpD;oGm;
AMD CPU wJt h xd jzpfomG ;apEkid w f ,f/ tenf;qH;k
wpf c k r S m awmh crash jzpfoGm;wmrsKd;txd MuHK&wwf
FSB qd k w m w,f/ Overclocking ,EÅ&m;rSm aem
&Sdraeay/ tJ'D ausrae&ifawmh? 'Dvdk tawG;rsKd;udk
FSB tpm; pGefYvTwf,l&ygvdrfhr,f/
Chip ay:rSm wu,f v d k Y rd r d t aeeJ Y od y f u d k
memory pGeYfpm;vkyu f idk cf siw
f ,fq&kd if unlocked
controller
multiplier wpfckeJY vkyfxm;wJh CPU
udk rSefuef
wpfckudk &Sm,l&r,f/ Multiplier u
wJh ae&mcs
processor bus vnf y wf E k d i f r ,f h
tv,ftvwf xm;rIeYpJ pD Of
tiftm;xuf tqaygif; b,favmuf
tqif-h Cores av;ckeYJ aqmif&u G f
jrefqefEkdifrvJqdkwmudk ta&twGufeJY
vkyaf y; r,fh AMD avh&wd S ,f/
Processor
ppfaq;rSef;qEkdifw,f/ wu,fvdkY
Phenom X4 (a':vm ta&twGuu f kd uefYowfazmfjyay;xm;
eJYmemory
300) jcif;r&SdcJh&if proper speed udk &&SdwJh
tMum;
Hyper txd prf;oyf aqmif&Guf,lzdkY tcGifh
Transport tvrf; wpfyHkwpfyif &oGm;cGifh&Sdw,f/
Front-side bus (FSB) &JU tjref bus link ay:u jzwf o ef ; apjyD ; rdrd system BIOS rSm xnfo h iG ;f csden
f §d
EIef;qdkwm rm;om;bkwf&JU memory vTaJ jymif;rIukd teD;pyfq;kH ae&mrSm csxm; rIawG enf;enf;vkyfay;vkduf½HkrQeJY
controller eJY Intel processor wpfcw k Ykd &if memory transfer udk jyKvkyfap cGifusjzpfoGm;aprSmjzpfw,f/ Fixed
qufo, G v
f yk u
f idk w
f hJ EIe;f xm;jzpfw,f/ w,f/ multiplier vkyfxm;wJh overclock
jrefEIef;jrifh FSB wpfcku RAM- processor rsKd;vnf; &Sdaewwfayr,fh
intensive vkyaf qmifraI wG&UJ pGr;f aqmif Overclock eJY jydKifqkdifjcif; system bus &JU speed udk wdk;jr§ifhzdkY
&nfudk jr§ifhwifay;w,f/ 'gaMumifh Processor wpfc&
k UJ Clock Speed vdktyfr,fh taetxm;rsKd;vnf; awGY&
CPU eJY memory controller tMum; eJY ywfoufvdkY taumif;qHk;t&mwpfck Ekdifw,f/ Overclocking &JU yrmPudk
a&GUvsm;zdkYtwGuf ,l&r,fhtcsdefawG uawmh vdkvdkvm;vm; xdk;pdkufxm; rSef;qMur,fqdk&if rdrdtoHk;jyKxm;wJh
avQmhcsypfEkdifw,f/ 'DaeYtcsdefrSm Intel vkduf&wmrsKd; r[kwfay/ Processors rm;om;bkwfay:rSm rlwnfygw,f/
&JU tqifhtjrifhqHk; Core 2 Extreme awmfawmfrsm;rsm;u Spectrum &JU rm;om;bkwfarmf',fwkdif; vkyfEkdifpGrf;
Processors ay:u FSB speeds &JU upper end rSm (hard-core *drf;orm; awmh &Sdvdrfhr,f r[kwfay/
xdyfqHk;uefYowfcsufu 1600 MHz awG pGrf;aqmifcsufudk t½l;trl; vdk bmyJ v k y f v k y f over-clocking
&SdaejyDjzpfw,f/ ,cif processors vm;olawGeJY tqHk;txd EdIuf,lvdkol qdw k m rdrpd ufu tpdwt f ykid ;f awGtay:
ta[mif;awGrmS 800 MHz, 1066 MHz awGtwGuf) toH;k jyKolawGukd settings tqrwef wGef;tm;ay;ckdif;wm jzpf
eJY 1335 MHz awGom &Scd w hJ ,f/ 'Dae&m awGudk vufeJY ajymif;a&TU,ljyD; perfor- w,f/ tJ't D wGuf tylawG ydjk yD;&vmap
rS rdrd&JUrm;om;bkwfu rdrd0,f,lvdkwJh mance awGudk n§pfxkwf,lcGifh jyKxm; w,f q d k w mud k owd & aeoif h w ,f /
processor &J U FSB speed b,f w,f/ rdrdtaeeJY 3GHz processors jyóemt&if;cHuo kd rd S vufawGY&ifqidk f
avmuftxd yHhydk;aqmif&GufEkdifw,f tpm; 4GHz wpf c k e J Y aiG v k d u f j yD ; vm&wJhtcg ajz&Sif;,lEkdifrSm jzpfw,f/
qdkwm taotcsm odxm;Mu&rSm jzpf ajymif;,lEkdifr,fhoabmjzpfw,f/ xkwfvkyfwJhXmeu csdefnd§ay;vkdufwJh
w,f/ b,fvdkyJjzpfjzpf pGrf;aqmif&nf 'Dvkd &G,u f ;kd aqmif&u
G rf u
I t&JpeG Yf clock speeds uom pdwfcsvufcs
t&Sdefudk wHkYqkdif;wpfqdkYapr,fh b,fvdk vkyu f idk rf rI sKd;om jzpfw,f/ vky&f if;udik f ckdifckdifrmrm toHk;jyKEkdifygvdrfhr,f/
56 uGefysLwm*sme,f
PROCESSOR-ORIENTED
a':vm 100 atmuf budget avmufeYJ 0,f,&l &SEd idk af pw,f/ wu,f uGeyf sLwmudk aemufwpfqifh jr§iwhf ifcsif
processors rsm; vdYkom a':vm 90 oH;k Ekid rf ,fq&kd ifawmh w,fqdk&if tckcsdefrSm Intel taeeJYa&m
aiGtajrmuftjrm; roHk;Ekdifbl; Clock speed 2 . 8 GHz &SdjyD; tajccH AMD taeeJYyg &EkdifaejyD jzpfygw,f/
qdkwmu bottom - scraping castoff Spec jynfhpHkwJh Athlon X2 5400 + vdk Intel xJu tedrfhqHk; aps;EIef;em;
vdk pGeYfypfypön;f avmufe;D eD;&Sw
d hJ proce- CPU wpfvHk;udk 0,f,ltoHk;jyKEkdifrSm uyf v suf & S d a ewJ h processor awG
ssors udkyJ oHk;&awmhr,fqdkwJhoabm jzpfw,f/ bwf*suq f akd yr,fv
h nf; rdrd uawmh ta[mif;xJuqd&k if 2.66 GHz
vHk;0 r&SdEkdifygay/ enf;ynm acwfrD oHk;Ekdifr,fh aiGyrmPtay: rlwnfjyD; Core 2 Quad Q 6700 eJYtopfxJrSm
wdk;wufvmrIu a':vm 100 wef t&nftaoG;udk t&,lEkdifr,fqdkwJh qd&k if Penryn- based 2.5 GHz Core
atmufeJY decent dual-core CPU rsKd; oabmyJ jzpfygw,f/ 2 Quad Q9300 wdYk yjJ zpfw,f/ Penryn
udk toHk;jyKcGifh&SdaerSmjzpfw,f/ ('Dvdk armf',f&UJ ukeu f sp&dwu
f 266 a':vm
CPU rsK;d awGrmS built - in speed boost a':vm 100 eJY a':vm 400 Mum; avmufrSm twlwlavmuf&Sdaew,f/
Lower L2 cache (6MB- 8MB)
yg&Sdw,f) uGefysLwmwpfvHk;qdkwm tv,f t vwf t qif h &Sdaeayr,fh FSB speed ukd 1.333
CPU csdefxm;wJh speed records awG processors rsm; MHz txd &&So d mG ;apw,f/ wu,fvYkd
vdk wpfckckay:rSm tajccHxm;ovm;vdkY 'DESpfykdif;rSmawmh tv,ftvwf om aiGenf;enf;xyfvkdufjyD; 316
ar;p&m &Sdygvdrfhr,f/ r[kwfygbl;vdkY wef;pm;tqif0h if CPU awGeYJ ywfouf a':vmavmuf oHk;Ekdifr,fqdk&if 2.66
ajym&rSm jzpfw,f/ 'gayr,fh ckcsdefrSm jyD; ajymp&m MuD;MuD;rm;rm;uawmh Q GHz Core 2 Quad Q 9450 ukd 0,fEi dk f
Windows Vista ay:rSm tajccH uGey f sL Factor qdkwJh nickname ay;xm;wJh w,f/ tJ'guvnf; 1.333 MHz FSB
wm vkyfief;pOfawGudk acsmacsmarGYarGY CPU awGyjJ zpfw,f/ wpfenf;ajym&&if &SdjyD; 12 MOB L2 cache &Sdw,f/
vkyfay;EkdifwJh pGrf;tm;awmh &SdzdkYvdkrSm quad-core vdYk qd& k rSmjzpfw,f/ jyD;cJw
h hJ AMD ydkif;rSmawmh Phenom-X4
trSefjzpfw,f/ ESpfwkef;uawmh 'Dvdk aps;EIef; tv,f line eJY a&G;p&mawmif ydkrsm;aew,f/
Intel u bwf*suftqifhtwGuf tvwftqifheJY four- core processor aps;EIef;t&eJYjzpfjzpf? tkyfpkt&jzpfjzpf
celeron trsK;d tpm;awG Pentium vki d ;f wpfrsKd;yJ xGufcJhygw,f/ Intel Core 2 L2 cache t&G,t f pm; 2MB pD &Sad erSm
awGeJY cGifhjyKxm;ay;cJhw,f/ 2.4 GHz Quad Q6600 jzpfw,f/ 'gayr,fh rdrd jzpfw,f/ 'gayr,fh clock speed ay:
Pentium Dual-Core E 2220 rSm 1 MB
L2 cache eJYtwl 800 MHz FSB
speed eJY&Sdae&if bwf*sufxJu aps;
tMuD;qHk;tjzpf 84 a':vmavmufeJY
a&mif;csjyD; bwf*suftoifhrSm yg0g
tjrifhqHk;tjzpf &yfwnfEkdifapw,f/
Clock -speed 800 MHz &SdjyD; 512
KB L2 cache om&S d w J h 1.6 GHz
Celeron E1200 qdk&if 43 a':vm
avmuf y J &S d y gw,f / Processing
cores ESpfck&xm;qJjzpfayr,fh xyfvdk
tyfr,fh 41 a':vmudkom ydk;EkdifcJhr,f
qd&k if tjrifq h ;kH t&nftaoG;&Sw d hJ CPU pGr;f aqmif&nfjrifh
udk &oGm;Ekdifr,fvdkY ,lq&ygvdrfhr,f/ tqifh- speed udk pdwf
AMD ydkif;rSmawmh 2 x 512 KB 0ifpm;zG,f jri§ w
hf if ay;xm;
L2 cache eJY HyperTransport Speed wJh Intel Core 2 Extreme
2000 Mhz &SdaewJh 2.1 GHz Athlon (aps;EIe;f uefY owf
X2 4050e wpfckudk 56 a':vm csu)f
atmufwb
kd m? 2008 57
uGeyf sLwmtaxGaxG
58 uGefysLwm*sme,f
uGeyf sLwmtaxGaxG
vuf q G J u G e f y sLwmawG t wG u f
processing
Single-core CPU eJY ywfoufvYkd
Laptops awG twGuy f J qufpyfpOf;pm;
Mu&awmhrSmjzpfw,f/ Laptops awG
twGuf jzpfay:vmEkdifapwJh tyludk
xnfhpOf;pm;&rSmjzpfwJhtwGuf Intel &JU
Core Solo awGvdk processors awGudk
pOf;pm;ae&qJjzpfw,f/ txl;ojzifh
ultraportable tqifh0ifawGtwGuf
toHk;0ifaeygao;w,f/ Slam-bang
performance xuf ydjk yD; ta&;MuD;wm
awG&adS eapw,f/ 'gaMumifrh Ykd bwf*suf
tqifh0if ultraportables laptops
awGtwGuf Intel u topf zefw;D vku d f notebooks
wJh single -core Atom processors oH;k yg0gtqifh -
awGukd pjyD; oH;k aeMuw,f/ (aemifEpS x f J aps;EIe;f csKo
d mwJh Intel
w,f/ 'DESpfaESmif;ykdif;rSmawmh Intel &JU
rSmawmh dual-core Atom CPUs awG Mobile Core 2
yxrqHk; quad-core mobile CPU
xGufvmygvdrfhr,f/) Duo
xGufvmvdrfhr,fvdkY arQmfrSef;Ekdifw,f/
'grSr[kwf&if rdrdtwGuf toHk;jyK
zdkY tjcm; processors tcsKdU &Sad eygao;
w,f/ Turion 64 X2 qdkwJh AMD u
a':vm 400 ausmfeJYtxuf per-
wdkY yg0ifxm;wJh 2.83 GHz Core 2
xkwfwJh processors rsKd;udk qdkvdkwm formance processors rsm; Quad 9550 Penryn processors
jzpfw,f/ AMD jzpfjzpf? Intel jzpfjzpf aiGa&;aMu;a&;udpö xnfw h uG pf &m qd&k ifyif 530 a':vmay;&rSmjzpfw,f/
tcktcgrSm Laptops vkdif;u aps;uGuf rvdkcJholjzpf&ifawmh b,fvdk 'ku©udkrS 'Dtqifhuae ckefwufvkdufwmeJY
ydak umif;vmwmrdYk mobile lineups awG rcHpm;apbJ pGr;f aqmif&nfawGtjynfeh YJ Core 2 Extreme pD;&D;udk 999 a':vm
wef ; pD x m;&S d M u&w,f / AMD u vkyfief;tajrmuftjrm;udk Ekdifeif;pGm avmuf e J Y owf r S w f a &mif ; cswmud k
Turion X2 Ultra dual-core CPU awG vkyfukdifay;Ekdifr,fh processor udk awGYEkdifw,f/ Core 2 Extreme QX
rdwq f ufvm&jyD; Intel uvnf; 45 nm 0,f½HkyJ &Sdygawmhw,f/ tydkif;&Snf 6850 'grSr[kwf QX 9650 qdk&ifyJ 3
Core 2 mobile chips awGukd centrino AD'D,dkwnf;jzwfwmwdkY?3D obm0eJY GH quad-core CPU jzpf a ejyD ;
2 platform &JU tpdwt f ykid ;f tjzpf pwif upm;&wJh aemufqHk;ay: taumif;qHk; jzpfw,f/ t"du uGmjcm;rIuawmh
xkwfvkyfvmcJhygw,f/ upm;Ekid wf mwdYk? vkyu f idk af y;Ekid wf hJ CPU aemufqHk;xkwfjzpfwJh 45 nm Penryn
Desktop replacement trnfcH awGu aps;EIef;owfrSwfcsuf 500 arehitecture yJjzpfMuw,f/ QX 9770
laptops tcsKdUuawmh desktops vdk a':vmwefuae 1500 weftxd &Sdae qd&k if clock speed 3.2 GHz &Sw d t
hJ jyif
t&nftaoG;avmufeD;eD; wefqmqif ygw,f/ 1600 MHz FSB txd&adS ewmrdYk 1399
EdkifzdkY desktop -caliber Core 2 Duo 'Dvdkaps;EIef;rsKd;eJYAMD process- a':vmvdkY aps;EIef; owfrSwfxm;cJh
eJYCore 2 Extreme processors awG udk ors awG r S m r&S d a o;ayr,f h Intel w,f/ Skulltrail desktop awG r S m
toHk;jyKMuw,f/ wu,fhudk desktop processors awGxJrSmawmh &SdaejyD; toH;k jyKEkid af pr,fh platfom yHpk H uGmjcm;
MuD;wpfckeJY wef;wl&nfwl r[kwfay jzpfw,f/ tJ'v D kd processors awGxu J oGm;jyefwJhtcg 12 MB L2 cache eJY
r,fh Core 2 Extreme processors awG aps;EIef;tcsKdqHk;vdkY ajymEkdifwJh 12 MB 1600 MHz FSB ygjyD; 3.2 GHz
udkom avmavmq,f toHk;csEkdifao; L2 cache eJY 1.333 MHz FSB speed Clockspeed &wJh QX9775 qdkygu
60 uGefysLwm*sme,f
PROCESSOR-ORIENTED
atmufwb
kd m? 2008 61
uGeyf sLwmtaxGaxG
'Dvrkd rS [kw&f ifvnf; EIe;f xm;wpfcck rk mS qHk;jzwfcsufrjyKcif wcsKdUtcsuf tajctaerSm qkyfukdifxm;qJjzpfw,f/
awmh tqHk;owfoGm;Ekdifp&mtaMumif; awGudk pOf;pm;&r,fhtxJu wpfck 'gawGudk avhvmod&Sd&wJhtcg vmr,fh
&Sdw,f/ aemufxyf owif;wpfckck uawmh Nehalem taeeJY 1366 pin 12 v umvwmtwGif; uGefysLwm
uawmh Nehalem eJY owif;ayguf socket opf w pf c k vd k t yf v d r f h r ,f / vkyfief;&yfawGeJY ½lcif;taetxm;u
Mum;rIeJYtwl rm;om;bkwfay:rSm twl LGA775 trsKd;tpm;eJY ywfoufvdkY tajymif;tvJawG wpfyHkwpfyif &Sdvm
wuG ae&mcsxm;r,f h t pm; CPU Intel u ESpftawmfMumoHk;cJhjyD; tck awmhr,fqdkwJhoabm jzpfygw,f/
package wpfct k wGi;f rSmyJ CPUs awG tcg vHkavmufrI r&SdEkdifapawmhay/ b,fvdkyifjzpfjzpf xyfrHxGufay:vm
eJY GPUs awGudk ae&m,lapr,fqdkwJh 'gaMumifh wu,fvdkYom socket &JU r,fh processors awGuawmh yg0gpHk
tkwt f wk u
f suu f suo f wif;awG ygvm pGrf;&nfopfrsKd;eJY trSDo[JjyKjyD; tcGifh tm;vH;k udk o,faqmifvmrSm jzpfw,f/
cJhw,f/ wpfcg Nehalem processors aumif;,lcsifw,fqdk&if rm;om;bkwf 'DtcgrSm 'DaeYvdk wpfae&mwnf;rSm
eJYywfoufvdkY Intel u cefYrSef;xm;wm ud k upgrade vk y f & rS m yJ j zpf w ,f / twlwuG cs,lEdIif;,SOfMunfhzdkY tcGifh
uawmh performance twlwlaqmif wpfzufuvnf; AMD taeeJY AM 2 tvrf;awG yd&k v
dS mawmhrmS jzpfygaMumif;
&GufzdkY yg0goHk;pGJrI 30 &mckdifEIef;xuf eJY AM2 + sockets awGudk vuf&Sd wifjyvkduf&ygw,f/
renf; avsmhenf;oHk;pGJEkdifvdrfhr,fvdkY OD;aomif;0if; (yef;cs,&f )D
qdkw,f/ Cores &Spfcktxd yHhydk;EkdifzdkY
pGrf;&nfvnf; &Sdvmygvdrfhr,f/ ('D "mwfjym;a[mif;rsm;twGuf USB Turntable
processors awGudk 2009 ckESpfrwkdifrD
&Gmu bMuD;tdrf&JU tdrfOD;cef; uRef;aowåmxJu "mwfjym;
jrifawGY&zdYk rarQmfreS ;f ayr,fh four-core
a[mif;rsm;udk uRefawmf pdwf0ifpm;cJhygw,f/ tJ'D
versions awGu tJ'Dtcsdefxufapm
"mwfjym;a[mif;awG pGefYypfzdkY? a&mif;zdkY ajymwdkif;
jyD; tajymif;tvJyHkpHawG &Sd vm Ekdif yg
bMuD;u a'goxGufwwfwmvnf;
w,f/) 'DtcgrSm memory controllers
owdjyKrdcJhygw,f/ tck bMuD;udk
awGeJYvnf; wGJzufaygif;pyfjyD; orl[
vufaqmifay;p&m ypönf;wpfck
jzpf a eapvd r f h r ,f / yd k j yD ; jref q ef w J h
uRefawmf awGUxm;ygjyD/ tJ'gu
DDR3 RAM awG oHk;vmEkdifw,f/
"mwfpufav;yg/ USB Turntable
(AMD taeeJYawmh 'DtpDtpOfrsKd; r&Sd
vdkY trnfay;xm;wJh pufuav;
ao;ay/ ) Intel Quick Path Inter
yg/ ]]MP3 player odkYwpfqifh
connect vdkYac:wJh system topf
vSrf;ckef½HkygyJ}} qdkwJh pmom;u
wpfckuvnf; FSB technology tarG
pdwfvIyf&Sm;p&myg/ pufuav;u tawmf&Sif;ygw,f/ ½Iyf½IyfaxG;axG;
udk tpm;xdk;zdkY ckwfxGif;&Sif;vif;&if;
ud&d,mrygwJh trSwfw& t½kyfuav;vdkyg/ uGefysLwmudk qufoG,fwJh USB
ae&m,l v mjyD ; Intel u hyper-
MudK;wpfacsmif;om awGU&ygw,f/ MP3 odkY ajymif;jcif;r[kwfbJ omref
threading ukd jyefjyD; rdwfqufvmp&m
oDcsif;em;axmifr,fqdk&if tdrfu pD'DpufeJY csdwfEdkifw,fvdkY qdkygw,f/ 12
taMumif;&Syd gw,f/(hyper -threading
vufrt&G,f ADEdkif;"mwfjym; csyf? Long Play "mwfjym;csyfawGxJu oif
qdkwm 2006 ckESpf avmufupjyD; roHk;
rpGefY&ufwJh oDcsif;awGudk uGefysLwmodkY ajymif;EdkifygjyD/ uGefysLwmrSm
cJhMuawmhay/) Thread awG trsm;MuD;
Audacity vdk atmf'D,dk aqmhzf0J wifjyD; MP3 odkYr[kwf oDcsif; format
ud k toH k ; cs&if ; performance ud k
wpfckckodkY ajymif;,l½Hkyg/ tar&duefjynfaxmifpk uefwyfuDjynfe,f?
jr§ifhwif,lzdkYjzpfw,f/ 'DvdktpDtpOfrsKd;
vl0pfAD;vfjrdKU tajcpdkuf Crosley (www.crosleyradio.com) &JU Keepsake
awGeJY ywfoufvdkY AMD uawmh
USB Turntable u uRefawmhf bMuD;twGuf twdwfudk wpfzef
EIwfqdwfaewm awGY&w,f/ Hood
jyefvnfowd&aprSmvm; rodyg/ a':vm 150 0ef;usifrQ usoifhr,fh
twGi;f CPUs awGeYJ GPUs awG aygif;
'D"mwfpufuav;u "mwfjym; em;raxmifbl;wJh vli,frsm;udkvnf; olwdkY
xnfhzdkY enf;vrf;udkyJ &Smaew,fvdkY
ra&mufzl;cJhwJh twdwfudk cPjyefydkYay;vdrfhr,f xifygw,f/
toHxGufaew,f/
62 uGefysLwm*sme,f
uGeyf sLwmtaxGaxG
Multi qdw
k m b,fov l J vGecf w
hJ EhJ pS t
f enf;i,fupjyD; pro- ,lr,f/ odkYaomf t&G,ftpm;t&awmh
Multicores &JU t"dymÜ ,fukd rajym cessor package wpfcw k ikd ;f rSm die wpf MuD;rS&r,f/ 'grS microprocessors u
jycif tjcm;pum;vH;k rsm;&JU t"dymÜ ,fukd ckygw,f/ Die wpfckwdkif;rSmvJ core awmif;qdkorQ input/output yifrsm;eJY
t&ifajymcsifw,f/ tpdwftydkif; wpf wpfckygw,f/ Servers rsm;eJY tcsKdU pads tMum; rsm;jym;vmoavmuf
ckjzpfwJh processor package qdkwm workstations rsm;om processor ESpc f k vufoihfcHEdkifrSm jzpfw,f/
jrifEdkifw,f/ vufeJY udkifwG,fvdkY & odkYr[kwf ydkí rsm;wJh processors rsm; 'DtwGuf tajzuawmh pHk chips
w,f/ atmufbufydkif;rSm owåKyifrsm; &Sw
d ,f/ qif&if ESpcf k odYk r[kwf xdYk xuf udk single cores dies ESpfckeJY zefwD;zdkY
odkYr[kwf tjym;rsm; yg&SdjyD; xdyfydkif;rSm rsm;wJh sockets ygwJh txl;aumif;wJh jzpfw,f/ Dies wpfcktwGuf Cores
tyljzefYay;wJh tpdwftydkif; (heat sp- motherboards rsm; vdkw,f/ Desk- ESpcf u
k kd qdv
k jkd cif;jzpfw,f/ Core av;ck
reader) ygw,f/ top odkYr[kwf notebook oHk;pGJolrsm; Intel processors rsm;udk 2006 eJY
orm;½dk;usqdk&if heat spreader tzdkY ydkjyD;aumif;wm vdkcsif&if clock 2007 ckESpf aESmif;ydkif;rSm rdwfqufyGJ
&JU atmufrmS wpfcw k nf;aom die qdw k hJ tjrefEIef;jrihfwJh processor udk xkwfcJhw,f/ AMD vJ udk,fydkif Core
processor ygw,f/ 'D pDvDuGef dic a&G;cs,fzdkYyJ &Sdw,f/ av; ck eJ Y
udk xkwfvkyfpOfrSmyJ ADEdkif; record Intel eJY AMD od em;
t&G,f&SdwJh wafer wpfcku tjcm;t&m vnfxm;Muwmu clock
rsm;eJYtwl jzwfxw k cf jhJ cif;jzpfw,f/ ]pH} tjrefEIef;udk jr§ihf&if 4
tjzpf xm;wJh die wpfckrSm process- GHz e,f a jrtwG i f ;
ing core wpfckygw,f/ jynfhpHkwJh mi- a&muf&if pufrIbuf
croprocessor odkYr[kwf tvkyfvkyfwJh qdkif&m jyóemrsm;
,lepfwpfck jzpfw,f/ oleJYtwl me- jzpfvdrhfr,fqdkwm
mory jznfhpGufay;wJh aowåm (acwå jzpfw,f/ Pro-
data-holding {&d,m) memory udk cessing cores
xdef;odrf;ay;wJht&m (AMD chips rsm;udk ao;i,f
rsm;om jzpfw,f) eJY tjcm; tpdwt f ydik ;f pGm vkyf&ifvJ dies rsm;? proc-
rsm; jzpfw,f/ essor packages rSm ae&menf;enf;yJ
66 uGefysLwm*sme,f
uGeyf sLwmtaxGaxG
xkwv f yk yf gw,f/ vuf&dS Intel u pro- txif&Sm;
cessor package wpfckrSmpHk cores ESpc f k qHk;aom jcm;em;
yg dies udk xnfo h ;kH jcif;jzifh cores av; csufrsm;udk owd
ckudk &&Sdapjcif;jzpfw,f/ AMD uvJ xm;rdwmu core
olY&JU Phenom X4 chips rsm;[m wpf c k e J Y multi-
rlvuwnf;u cores av;ckeJYvdkY qdk core processors
w,f/ olqckd sifwmu wlnw D hJ pDvu
D eG f rS m yxr[mu
die wpfcx k rJ mS core av;ck ygjyD;om;vdYk multiasking
qdkjcif;jzpfw,f/ 'gayr,fh tqihfjrihf vkyf ae csdef rSm
ynm&yfydkif;rSm AMD u Intel udk computer wpf
rausmfEdkifygbl;/ ck&JU wHkYjyef vkyf
Cores rsm;pGm ygjcif;&JU tm;om aqmif Edkif rI ydk
csufu motherboard rSm wpfckwnf; aumif;w,f/
om ygwJh socket eJY wpfckwnf;aom 'DaeY toHk;jyKae
processor package [m tH0ifcGifus wJh computer rsm;rSm aemufyikd ;f uaejyD; Intel Core 2 quad-core processor
jzpf&if desktop PC, notebook odkY vHkjcHKa&;buf software awGu vkyf wnfaqmufyHk
r[kwf server awG twGuf CPU aygif; aqmifay;aeawmh Windows wdkif; PC
av;ckxd &Edkifw,fvdkY qdkygw,f/ jzpf rsm;u multitasking awGom jzpfw,f/
Edkifajc&Sdwmu vmr,fhESpfrSm &Spfckxd Oyrm virus/spyware scan udk qdv k kd onfu applications ESihf games
&SdvmEdkifjcif;yg/ vkyaf qmifwt hJ cg core wpfcx k &J dS CPU rsm;? olwdkYtwGuf processing vkyf
udk toHk;jyK&if music player app rSm onfhtcg vdktyfonfh t&mrsm; core
Software bufrS cHkausmfoGm;Edkifw,f/ Web browsing rsm;xJü &SdaMumif; rod&SdMujcif;yg/
omref core wpfck&SdwJh chip u? vJ aES;auG;av;vHvmEdkifw,f/ Core (odkYaomf Windows XP/Vista Linux
core wpfpHk processor ESpfq ydkjyD; wpfpHk odkYr[kwf av;ckyg processor ESifh Mac OSX wdkYonf odyfrvkyf&wJh
vkyfaqmifEdkif&if core av;ck ygcJhvQif usawmh uGefysLwm vkyfaqmifwJhtcg cores qD wpfcc k si;f apps aqmif&u G Ef ikd f
av;q ydkjyD;vkyfEdkifygovm;/ tqifh aES;auG;rIr&Sb d eJ YJ 'Dt&mrsm;udk wpfjydKif w,f/ (tjrefEIef; udk,fh[mudk &&Sdjcif;
jrifyh nm&yf ,lqcsuef YJMunf&h if rSeu
f ef wnf; jyKvkyfEdkifw,f/ Multi-core yg/) 'gayr,fh wjznf;jznf;csif; ajymif;
Edkifayr,fh vufawGUrSmawmh wu,f processing aqmif&Gufjcif;[m Adkif; vJvmaeygjyDvdkY qdkygw,f/
rjzpfEdkifao;ygvdkY tajz&ygw,f/ &yfpf scan udk vIy&f mS ;apwJh hard drive Software wnfaxmifor l sm;buf
Core wpfpHkoHk; chips rSm core file vTJajymif;jcif;udpu ö dk jrefqefatmif uvnf; multicore yHk pH opf udk
wpfcak vmuf clock tjrefEeI ;f [m edryfh g rjyKvkyfEdkifyg/ xdkYjyif processor &JU taumif;qHk; toHk;cszdkY avhvmaeyg
w,f/ Core av;ck[mvJ Core wpfpHk xde;f csKyfraI Mumifh web page udk down- w,f/ odkYaomf tajymif;tvJu aES;ae
avmuf Clock tjrefEIef; edrhfygw,f/ load vkyf&mrSm apmihfqkdif;&jcif;? aESmifh w,fvYkd qdyk gw,f/ tjrefq;kH ajymif;vJ
udpt ö rsm;tjym;rSmyJ Core wpfckwnf; aES;&jcif;rsm; r&SdbJ jrefqefatmif vkyf EdkifzdkYeJY multicore chips rsm; oHk;jyD;
u core wpfpHk odkYr[kwf av;ckudk aqmifEdkifjcif;vJ r&Sdyg/ 'gayr,fh processing power aumif;vmapzdkYu
ausmfwwfoGm;wm awGYjrif&ygw,f/ tenf;qHk; CPU taeeJY aqmif&Guf software wnfaqmufor l sm;rS olwYkd &UJ
odkYaomfvJ software eJY OSes (oper- csufrsm;? jyD;qHk; cgeD;usrS tcuf applications rsm;udk ajymif;vJjyD; mul-
ating systems) rsm;u multicore tcJawGUwmrsKd;eJY awmh rMuHKqHkEdkif tithreading ac:wJh cores ESpfck odkY
chips rsm;tay: tompD;&aeawmh awmhyg/ r[kwf xdkYxufydkjyD; toHk;jyKzdkY jzpfyg
core wpfckxJ chip rsm;udk owdxm;rI oHk;pGJol software trsm;tjym; w,f / Microsoft Word twG u f
avsmhyg;vmygw,f/ onf multicore udk owd rjyKrdMuyg/ Winword.exe vdk wpfckwnf; aqmif
atmufwb
dk m? 2008 67
uGeyf sLwmtaxGaxG
&Gufr,fhtpm; multithreaded appli- p&dwaf Mumihjf zpfap oH;k pG&J mrSm core ESpcf k
cation uae tqihfqihf vkyfaqmif eJY av;ckMum;rSm&Sd&if core oHk;ck proc-
csufrsm;udk tpdwftydkif;i,fav;rsm; essor jzpfwJh AMD &JU Phenom X3
tjzpf cGJjcm;jyD; vdktyfwJh cores rsm;eJY vdik ;f udk pOf;pm;oihw f ,f/ Core ESpcf yk g
aqmif&GufaprSm jzpfw,f/ Athlon X2 xufvJ processing pGrf;
Microsoft uvnf ; cores &nf 50 &mcdkifEIef; ydk&r,f/
twGif; tqifhqihf vkyfaqmifcsufrsm; vuf&rdS mS Intel &JU Core ESpcf k Pro-
udk cJGjcm;jcif;jzifh Windows Vista udk cessor rsm;u wlnDwJh clock speeds
Win XP xuf aumif;w,f/ tultnD rSm AMD &JU Phenom eJY Athlon
ay;w,f/ Intel uvnf; olYtydkif;eJYol chips rsm;xuf t&mrsm;rsm; vk y f
EDAT (Enhanced Intel Dynamic aqmif&mrSm jrefqefrI tenf;i,fom
Acceleration Technology) udk ,if; w,f/ MudrfEIef;jrihfwJh Intel chips rsm;
Cores 2 Chips rsm;eJY core wpfckudk udk &Edkifw,f/ jrefqefpGm toHk;jyKEdkif
vQyfppfenf;eJY jrefatmif application w,f/ 'gayr,fh aps;MuD;wJh DDR3
udk single-threaded eJY vkyfaqmifae (double-data-rates 3) RAM rSmvJ
csdefrSm jyKvkyfr,f/ 'DESpfydkif; rMumrDrSm oH;k pGEJ ikd w
f ,f/ oH;k pG&J mrSm pGr;f tif ouf
Intel &JU multicore processors rsm; omwmu AMD jzpfjyD; toHk;rjyKwJh
jzpfwhJ 'Nehalem' qdw k m xGuv f mr,f/ tcg olY&JU processors rsm;u olY
ukrP Ü &D UJ Hyper-Threading tqihjf rihf tpdwftydkif;tvdkuf pGrf;tifjznfhxm;
ynm&yf jyefvnf OD;armhvmjcif;yg/ vdkY jzpfw,f/ AMD tajccHwJh PC udk
wduswJh tajctaeatmufrSm Hyper- vkyf&wm Intel tajccH PC udk vkyfwm
Threading [m core wpfcu k kd threads xuf ukefusp&dwf oufomw,f/
ESpfckeJY aqmif&Gufay;Edkifw,f/ rSefuef txl;ojzifh wGJzufoHk;&wJh mother-
wJh software uom taxmuftulay; boards udk xnfhwGufwJhtcg jzpfyg
&if oDtdk&Dt& core &SpfckeJY Nehalem w,f/ AMD Phenom chip udk 0,f
[m core 16 ck vIyf&Sm;Edkifvdrhfr,f/ &if model eHygwf 50 eJY qHk;wm jzpfyg
Multithreaded application apvdkY owday;xm;ygw,f/
'DZdkif;udk ul;ajymif;aecsdef yg0ifwJh t&m aps;0,f&if tMuaH y;jcif; vuf&Sd motherboard udk core
rsm;udk zefwD;jcif;eJY rD'D,m oauFw Multicore processors udk desk- wpfc?k chip uae multicore odYk tqifh
rsm; csay;wJh software vkyfaqmifjcif; top trsm;tjym;eJY notebook tcsKdU jr§icfh sif&if motherboard xkwv f yk of el YJ
rsm; yg0ifygw,f/ 'DtxJ camcorder oHk;pGJolrsm; 0,fxm;oihfygw,f/ Web chip topf[m qDavsmfrI &Sr d &Sd ppfaq;
AD',
D u kd ae DVD odYk ajymif;wJh tvkyv f J browsing eJY email twGufom oHk;pGJzdkY &ygr,f/ bmjzpfvdkYvJqdk&if tcsKdU
yg0ifvdkY multicore processor om PC &SdoltzdkY core av;ck pGrf;tifoHk; boards rsm;[m olwdkY&JU processor
oHk;pGJ&if tcsdefukef oufomygr,f/ processor tzdkY oHk;pGJ&ef rvdkyg/ aqmhuuf trSeftuef tH0ifwJh trsKd;
Software xk w f v k y f o l r sm;buf u 'DaeY taxGaxG uGefysLwm oHk;pGJ tpm;jzpf&if multicore chips jzpfzdkY
ajymif;vJzdkY vdktyfwmu y½dk*&rfrsm; zdYk omqd&k if ukeuf sp&dwv f J oufomwJh BIOS update vkyz f Ykdom vdt k yfygw,f/
a&;om;jcif;udk tajccHusus jyef pOf; core ESpfck processor u taumif;qHk; qDavsmfrrI &S&d if upgrade vkyv f Ykd r&Edik f
pm;zdkYyg/ odkYr[kwf multithreaded jzpfw,f/ oHk;pGJolrsm;tzdkY core wpfck jzpfwwfygw,f/
apps udk ajymif;vJ&mrSm MuefYMumaeOD; jzpfjzpf? ESpfckjzpfjzpf uGefysLwm tawGU
rSm jzpfygw,f/ tMuHK&SdzdkYvJ pum; ajymygw,f/
vdktyfvdkYjzpfap odkYr[kwf ukefus
68 uGefysLwm*sme,f
uGeyf sLwmtaxGaxG
uk,
d f uk,
d w
f idk f o½kyaf qmif&atmif
Upload Your oifhtaeeJY You Tube ay:wifzdkY MudKufwJh video-re-
Videos to cording device udk oH;k Eki
d yf gw,f/ Oyrm- digital cameras,
cell phones, flash based comcorders, MiniDV/ DVD
70 uGefysLwm*sme,f
uGeyf sLwmtaxGaxG
wjcm; application &SdjyD; oifh&JU vedio recording devices
YouTube &JU zkdifyHkpHeJY oifukd,fwkdifa&m oHk;&wm tqifajy
r,fqdk&if tJ'gudk oHk;oifhygw,f/
Window movie maker udo k ;kH jyD; oif&h UJ ½ky&f iS u
f kd tpOf
vkdufpDEkdifjcif;? rvdkwJh½dkufcsufawGudk jzwfjcif; pwmawG
vkyfEkdifovdk txl;jyKvkyfcsufrsm;yg xnfhoGif;Ekdifonf/
taumif;qHk;t&nftaoG;&zdkY zkdifudka&G;jyD;vQif Movie zdkif
taejzifh save vkyfay;yg/ My Computer udk rl&if; save
vkyfaom ae&mtjzpf a&G;ay;yg/ jyD;vQif Next cvkwfudk
ESdyfyg/ jyD;vQif tjcm; setting jzpfwJh "High quality vedio
(large)" udkESdyfjyD;aemuf Next udk xyfESdyfvkdufr,fqdkvQif
process jyD;qHk;ygjyD/
You Tube onf tJ'D½kyf&SifwpfckpDudk q,frdepfESifh 100 rI pwmawGyJ jzpfygw,f/ oifhtaejzifh ukd,fydkifemrnf
MB tjzpf a,bk,stm;jzifh uefYowfxm;ygw,f/ >cif;csuf (username) ESihf vQKUd 0Sue f yH gwf (password) awGukd a&G;vduk f
awmfawmfrsm;rsm; &Sdygao;w,f/ tu,fí q,frdepfxuf jyDqw kd meJY site uae oif&h UJ email qDoYkd tzGYJ0iftodtrSwjf yK
ausmfjyD; 100 MB xufvnf;ausmfwJh ½kyf&Sifzdkifudk wifr,f email wpfapmif ydkYygvdrfhrnf/ tJ'D ar;vfyg vdyfpm link udk
qdk&ifawmh You Tube &JU tultnDay;wJhtykdif;rSm 0ifa&muf ESdyfjyD;vQif oifh&JUudk,fykdif account rSm ½kyf&SifawGudk upload
ppfaq;Ekdifygw,f/ vkyfEkdifygjyD/
atmufwb
dk m? 2008 71
uGeyf sLwmtaxGaxG
72 uGefysLwm*sme,f
vufawmhyu
f kd ysupf ;D apwJh taMumif;jcif;&m 13 csuf
vufawmhyf rysufatmif
umuG,fyg
udk,fhrSm uGefysLwmESpfvHk; &Sdaer,f/ qkdvkdwmu uRefawmfwkdY tD;ar;vfawG
oHk;ovdkrsKd; primary Email eJY secondary Email cGJjcm;xm;ovdkrsKd;/ udk,fh&JU
desktop udk primary xm;jyD; [kd'DoGm;vmzdkYtwGufawmh laptop udk
secondary tjzpf xm;&SdEkdifr,fqkd&ifawmh taumif;qHk;aygh/ 'gayr,fh tJ'Dvkd
r[kwfbJ laptop wpfvHk;yJ &Sdaer,f/ tJ'DxJrSm udk,fh&JU udk,fa&;tcsuftvuf
awG? rdom;pktwGif;a&;awG? pD;yGm;a&;vkyfief;qkdif&mudpaö wG? "mwfyHkeJY
yHk&dyfawG pwmawGtm;vHk;udk Laptop uav;wpfvHk;wnf;eJYom
tvkyfvkyfae&r,fqkd&ifawmh 'D laptop uav;udk t&rf;cifwG,frdrSmygyJ/
tysufpD;vnf; cHEkdifrSm r[kwfygbl;/ [mh'f0Jydkif;qkdif&m tysuftpD;uawmh
ukd,f0,f,lcJhwJh ypönf;&JU oufwrf;eJY tmrcH? udk,foHk;pGJwJhumveJY yrmP/
'gawGay:rSm rlwnfaeayr,fh wcsKdUtysuftpD;awG
uawmh ukd,fudk,fwkdifeJY wkduf½dkuf
oufqkdifaeygvdrfhr,f/ Oyrmtm;jzifh udk,fhrSm tm;vk;H ukd csihcf sed f
rwfwwfajy;t&G,f om;orD;av;awG pO;f pm;r,q
&SdaeygvsufeJY Murf;jyifay:rSm laptop f &dk if laptop
zGifhvsufom; ypfxm;wmrsKd;upvdkY wpfvHk;udk 10 ESpf
tajccHtcsufuav;awGudkawmh laptop oufwrf; txd oHk;pGJ
oHk;pGJolwkdif; xdef;odrf;vkdufem&rSmyg/
Eidk rf mS yg/
atmufwb
kd mv? 2008 77
M A I N TA I N I N G
78 uGefysLwm*sme,f
4/ tylcsdefudk wwfEdkiforQ udk oHk;pGJr,f/ ab;em;rSmvnf; aumfzD oyfoyf tdwfuav;twGif;udk xnhf
cGuuf av; wpfcek YJaygh/ Zdryf gyJ/ vlwidk ;f r,f/ tvk&d &dS mudk ,lomG ;r,f/ 'gqd&k if
avQ m h c s j c if ; eD;yg;avmuf 'Dvdk Zdrf,lMuw,f/ 'g awmh rkd;&GmaewJhtcsdefrsKd;yJ jzpfjzpf?
omref user wpfa,muf[m tyl ayr,fh tJ'g[m jyóemyg/ Laptop avwkdufaewJh tcgrsKd;yJjzpfjzpf okd
csdef avQmhcswmawG bmawGudk rodEkdif awG[m desktop awGvdk taygufrsKd;pHk avSmifrI vHkjcHKwJhtwGuf tEÅ&m,f MuD;
wJt h wGuf 'Dupd u ö kd minor jyóemwpfck ryg0ifygbl;/ wu,fvdkY acgif;tHk;eJY MuD;rm;rm; rawGU&SdEdkifawmhygbl;/
taeeJY xm;MunhEf idk yf gw,f/ 'gayr,fh om ydwfqdkYxm;ovdk jzpfoGm;&r,f
vG , f v G , f u av;yJ pOf ; pm;Munh f & qkd&if av0ifavxGuf raumif;Edkif
atmif/ ]vQyfppfrD;zkd} wpfckudk rD;zGifh
7/ t&nfudk owdrxm;jcif;
awmhygbl;/ twGif;rSm&SdwJh yefum[m
xm;r,f qkdygawmh/ jyD;&if xrif;tkd; cGufarSmufvdkY jzpfjzpf? zdwfpOfvGifh
tylaiGUawGudk pGefYxkwfzkdY vdkygw,f/
wnfr,f (em&D0ufavmuf Mumr,f) usvdkY jzpfjzpf uD;bkwfawGxJuae
wu,fvdkY pGeYfxkwfzkdY tayguf ydwfae
jyD;&if [if;csufr,f (rdepfo;kH q,f ywf wpfqifh qm;upf bkwfjym;awGay:rSm
w,fqkd&if tylcsdef vGefuJvmygr,f/
0ef;usifvYdk yJ xm;Munh&f atmif) a&aEG; t&nfwpfrsKd; 0ifa&mufpD;qif;oGm;jyD
yefumudkvnf; xdcdkufEkdifwJhtwGuf
tk;d wnfO;D r,f (em&D0uf)/ tJ'v D kd vkyf qkd&ifawmh tJ'D laptop &JUtem*wf[m
tvkyfaumif;aumif; vkyfEkdifawmhrSm
ief;udpö 10 rsKd;avmufudk qufwkduf odyfrvSyawmhwm taotcsmygyJ/
r[kwfygbl;/
jyKvkyfckdif;apwJh tcgrSm ]rD;zkd} [m cHEkdif t&nf q k d w mrsKd ; rS m aumf z D ? a&eJ Y
&nf x uf ausmf v G e f v mjyD ; ]tyl p D ; t,fvfudka[m? tcsKd&nf tygt0if
aMumif;} jyif;xefvmygr,f/ tJ'Dvdk 6/ vHkvHkjcHKjcHK okdavSmifrI t&nfrsKd;pHk &Sdygw,f/ b,fvkdt&nf
tajctaersKd;[m tEÅ&m,f&SdEdkifwJh r&S d j c if ; rsKd;yJ jzpfjzpf laptop udk wkduf½dkuf'ku©
taetxm;yg/ tck laptop &JU burn rsm;aomtm;jzifh uRefawmfwkdY ay;ygw,f/ 'gaMumifh jzpfEkdifw,f qkd
yrmPudk avQmhcsyg qkdwm[m tJ'Dvdk wpfawG[m tykdypönf;awGudk oHk;pGJwJh &if a&aomufrSmvm; (pOf;pm;yg)/
ygyJ/ wcsKdU user awG[m Laptop udk tusifh enf;yg;Muygw,f/ Oyrmtm; aumfzDaomufrSmvm; (pOf;pm;yg)/ jyD;
rD ; yvyf e J Y csd w f q uf j yD ; uwnf ; u jzifh wDAw GD pfv;kH &Scd rhJ ,fq&dk if wDAu GD kd tdrf &if cyfvSrf;vSrf;wpfae&mrSm cGuf,ljyD;
tvkyfvkyfvdkufwm vlom;u tdyfcsdef uav;wpfcek YJ xnhMf unhzf Ykd rqdx k m;eJY/ aomufoifyh gw,f/ wu,fvYkd raeEdik f
rSm tdyfpufoGm;wmawmif olu tem; wDAt GD ay:rSmzH;k tkyzf Ykd tzH;k tum t0wf vdkY aumfzDaomuf&if; laptop oHk;r,f
r,l&ao;ygbl;/ yxrOD;p ESpfawGrSm uav;wpfckawmifrS rxm;wwfMu qkd&ifawmh laptop ukd pm;yGJay:rSm
awmh 'Dupd [ ö m odyo f od mrSm r[kwaf y bl;/ tJ'DrSm ukd,fhtcef;&JU tay:xyfu wifo;kH jyD; aumfzcD u
G u f kd Murf;jyifay:udk
r,fh ESpef YJcsjD yD; Mumjrifv h mwJt
h cgrSm tJ'D jzpfap? wpfae&mu jzpfap? wDAt GD rd cf rGH mS csxm;oifhygw,f/
Laptop [m tysufjrefvmygw,f/ yg&Sad ewJh tuGuu f av;awGuwpfqifh
ud, k &hf UJ tmrcH (Oyrm oH;k ESp)f oufwrf; zkefrIefYeJY a&ckd;a&aiGUawG tvG,fwul 8/ rdk;&GmaewJJhtcsdefrSm
txd v nf ; tjynh f t 0 r&awmh b J 0ifEidk yf gw,f/ Laptop rSmvnf; 'Dvykd g *½k r pdku f jc if;
ESpfESpfcGJavmufeJYom uHawmfukefoGm;& yJ/ Laptop udk 'Dtwkdif;MuD; o,f,l
tifrwefrS tjzpfenf;yg;vSay
avh&Sdygw,f/ 'gaMumifh laptop udk oGm;wmxufpm&if tdww f pfcck xk J xnhf
r,fh rkd;&GmaewJh tcgrsKd;rSm laptop/
oHk;vnf; oHk;r,f/ wwfEkdiforQvnf; jyD; o,faqmifoGm;wmu ydkjyD; aumif;
tem;ay;r,fq&dk if cHEidk &f nfprG ;f tm; ydrk kd ygw,f / 'grS o m tD v uf x &G e f e pf
tm;aumif;vmrSm trSefygyJ/ ypönf;awGeJY rtyfpyfwJh zkefrIefYeJY a&ckd;
a&aiGUawG tvG,fwul r0ifa&mufEdkif
5/ ZdrfcHjcif; rSm jzpfygw,f/ taumif;qHk; jzpfoifh
wmuawmh laptop ud k yvyf a wG
Laptop av;udk axG;ayGUxm;r,f/
jzKwfr,f? bufx&DeYJ wjcm;tykad qmif;
ckwifay:rSm xdkifjyD; acgif;tHk;uav;
ypönf;awGudk z,fxkwfjyD; laptop yJ
wpfvHk;udk atmufucHvdkY laptop av;
atmufwb
kd mv? 2008 79
M A I N TA I N I N G
desktop eJY vQyfppfp;D aMumif; jzwfoef; oJeJY zkefrIefYawG[m laptop twGif; vmMuwm rsm;ygw,f/ oHk;pGJol&JU wpf
pD;qif;aewJh ypönf;rsm;? wDADGeJY a&cJ xJuae tylaiGUawGudk tjyifukd vTifh &mckdifEIef;avmufuom ypönf;&JU Sys-
aowåmwdkYvdk pwmawGudk oHk;pGJr,f qkd xkwfay;EkdifwJh yefumaygufudk ydwfqkdY tem information udk Munf½ h jI yD; 0,f,l
&if txl;owdMuD;pGm xm;jyD; oHk;pGJoifh ygvdrhfr,f/ tJ'DaemufrSmawmh yefum avh&Sdygw,f/ 'ghtjyifrSm ukd,fh&JU
ygw,f/ rkd;u omreftaetxm; &Gm tvkyfrvkyfwJhtwGuf tylcsdefvGefuJ laptop udk b,fae&mrSm? b,fvdk tcse d f
oGe;f aew,f qk&d ifawmh jyóem r&Sad y jcif; jzpfvmygr,f/ jzpfoifw
h muawmh rsKd;rSm oH;k pG&J rvJ/ b,fvydk pön;f awGukd
r,fh vQyfpD; cPcPvufaejyD; rkd;MudK; laptop udk pm;yGJwpfckay:rSm wifjyD; xde;f odr;f &rvJ pwJh aqmif&ef a&Smif&ef
ypfr,fh taetxm;rsKd;awG awGUae&&if oHk;pGJjcif;[m taumif;qHk;eJY toifh tcsuftvufawGudk *½kpdkuf&ygr,f/
awmh vQyfppfp;D aMumif; rSeo
f rQudk cP awmfqHk;ygyJ/ rsm;aomtm;jzifh tDvufx&Geef pfypön;f
jzwfawmufxm;yg/ wu,fvkdY roHk; 0,f,lolawG&JU 20 &mcdkifEIef;avmuf
rjzpf oHk;&r,fh taetxm;rsKd; qkd&if om ypönf;&JU Manual book udk zwf½I
awmh laptop rSm yg0ifwJh bufx&DeJY wwfygw,f/ wu,fvYdk ywfouforQ
ESpfem&DcefYoHk;pGJjyD; tvkyfvkyfoifhyg tm;vHk;udk csifhcsdef pOf;pm;r,fqkd&if
w,f/ laptop wpfvHk;udk 10 ESpf oufwrf;
txd oHk;pGJEkdifrSmyg/
9 / pdkwD;pdkpGwf raeygeJY
a&cdk;a&aiGUeJY pdkxkdif;rI[m laptop 13/rsufESmjyifudk *½krpdkufjcif;
eJY &efolawGyg/ oifhbmom rkd;&GmxJ 11/ Murf;jyifay:rSm xm;jyD; tJ'DrSm&SdwJh tusifhuawmh rsufESm
abmvH;k xGuu f efvYkd &Ekid yf gw,f/ 'gay oHk;pGJjcif; jyif npfxnf;oGm;jyDqkd&if udk,fhrSm&SdwJh
r,fh laptop udik af wmhr,fq&dk if vufukd vltawmfrsm;rsm; vkyfwwfMuwJh cHkokwf0wfeJY a,mif,rf;jyD; yGwfvdkufrd
jzpfap? cE¨mudk,f tpdwftydkif;rsm;udk yHkpH[m laptop udk Murf;jyifay:rSm wmygyJ / t0wf j zLoef Y o ef Y u av;
jzpfap ajcmufaoGYoefY&Sif;apjyD;rS oHk;pGJ xm;jyD; tdyfvsuftaetxm;eJY oHk;pGJ xm;jyD; wdkYxd½Hkuav;om wdkYxday;yg/
oifhygw,f/ vufuvnf; pkdxdkif;ae wwfjcif; jzpfygw,f/ tJ'Dtaetxm; LCD rsufESm[m pixel awGeJY zGJUpnf;
r,f/ &moDOwkuvnf; pdkwD;pkdpGwf jzpf rsKd;[m usef;rma&;twGufa&m? laptop xm;wJhtwGuf 'pixel dead' ac:wJh
aer,fqdk&if laptop xJudk a&ckd;a&aiGU twGufyg raumif;ygbl;/ udk,fh&JU screen wpfckvHk; oHk;r&wmrsKd; jzpfvm
awG 0ifa&mufvmzdkYtwGuf tvm; laptop [m screen ao;i,fwJhtwGuf Ekdifygw,f/ aemufwpfaMumif;u ud, k hf
tvm &SdaeygjyD/ 'g[m laptop &JU rsm;rsm; tm½Hkpdkuf&ygr,f/ tJ'Dtcg rSm &Sw d hJ tvkyfpm&GufawGudk keyboard
motherboard udk tysuftpD; jzpfap tcsdefMumjrifhvmwmeJYtrQ ZufaMum ay:rSm xm;jyD;? n§yfjyD; laptop ydwf
r,fh vu©PmjzpfjyD; 'Dxufydkqkd;&if wufwmeJY rsufv;kH udu k wf mrsKd;awG jzpf vdkufrdygw,f/ aemufaeYrSm tvkyf
LCD rsufESmjyifudkyg xdcdkufapEkdifyg vmEkdifygw,f/ 'ghtjyifrSm Murf;jyif qufvkyfr,f qkdwJh &nf&G,fcsufeJYaygh/
w,f/ ay:rSm xm;wJt h wGuf b,favmuf oefY 'gayr,fh pm&GufpuúLay:rSm &SdaewJh
&Si;f wJh Murf;jyifrsKd; jzpfap trIu
d o f ½du
k f tnpftaMu;eJY zkefrIefYawG[m rsufESm
10/ zkefrIefYawGukd tao;trTm;awG &SdjyD; roefY&Sif;EkdifwJh jyifay:udk pGef;xif;oGm;Ekdifygw,f/
twGuf laptop twGufvnf; xdcdkuf um;rSefawGudk omrefa&eJY wkdufcRwf
vs p f v s L ½I j c if ; apEkdifygw,f/ aq;aMumvdkY &Ekdifayr,fh ajymifvuf
zkefrIefYeJY oJ? tnpftaMu;awG oGm;rSm r[kwfygbl;/ um;rSefokwf
rSeforQ[m laptop udk aumif;usKd; qyfjymqDeJYom wkdufcRwfvdkY &Ekdifovdk
vHk;0ray;ygbl;/ 'gaMumifh Murf;jyif 12/ qef;ppfa0zefz dkYtusifh r&Sdjcif;
LCD udkawmh tvGefoefY&Sif;wJh puúL
ay:rSm ypfxm;r,fh oifh laptop udk pm;yGJ oHk;pGJol tawmfrsm;rsm;[m a&mif;
rsKd;eJYom xdawGYay;&ygvdrhfr,f/
ay:udk t&ifqHk; a&TUajymif;yg/ jyD;&if csol jyoay;aewJh pm&Guaf y:u ypön;f
Murf;jyifudk oefY&Sif;yg/ txl;ojzifh pm&if;udk Munh½f jI yD; ypön;f awGukd 0,f,l
80 uGefysLwm*sme,f
Lenovo Laptop udk
o½kyfcGJMunhf&atmif
82 uGefysLwm*sme,f
F U T U R E
10 .um;armif;wJh vlawGeJY
um;'½dkifbmawGtwGuf
vdktyfwJh laptop trsKd;tpm;
wu,fvdkY keyboard cvkwfawGudk
*½kpukd af e&rSm qk&d if 'Dum;armif;orm;
[m ,mOfxdef;&JeJY pum;ajymzdkY &Sdaeyg
MuD; &SdaMumif;udk Anna lopez a&G;cs,f
a&; tzGJUuae vufcHcJhygw,f/
84 uGefysLwm*sme,f
jyD; tJ'D mobile av;udk acgufjyD; odrf;
qnf;vdkufwJh tcgrSmawmh y&dowf&JU
vufckyfoHawGudk oJhjyD; ,liifoGm;yg
awmhw,f/ acgufjyD; mobile uav;
oH;k ck xyfxm;yHu
k vufow k yf 0guav;
oHk;ck xyfxm;oavmufom &Sdygw,f/
2 Pen udk tajcjyKjyD;
prototype 'DZi
kd ;f eJY 0ifa&mufcw
hJ hJ
Felix Schhmid berger uawmh
wpfukd,fawmf qkdayr,fh 'DaeYacwf
enf;ynm tm;vHk;udk trSDjyKjyD; wnf
atmufwb
kd mv? 2008 85
uGeyf sLwmtaxGaxG
PC SUPPORT GUIDE
uGefysLwmawGu aeYpOfvlrIb0awGrSm r&Sd rjzpfwJh ypönf;wpfckvdkY ajym &r,fh tajctaeawG jzpf vmaecJhw,f/
wu,fvdkY rsm; uGefysLwm ysufpD;csKdU ,Gif;rI wpfckckrsm;&SdvmcJh&if bmvkyf&rvJqdkwm tpOf tjrJ owdjyKp&m
jzpfvm& awmhw,f/
rdrd&JU ysufpD;csKdU,Gif; ud k a&muf v mwwf w ,f / jyefpOf;pm;jyD;rS azmfaumif txm;rsKd;awGvnf; &SdoGm;
oGm;wJh yDpDuGefysLwmudk jyef aemufqHk; vkyfukdifcJhpOfu vkyf,l&rSmawG&Sdovdk rdrdwdkY Ekdifygw,f/
jyD; tvkyfvkyfEkdifapatmif taumif;yuwd vkyu f idk af y; &JUsecurity setup rSm xdcu dk f jAdwdefEkdifiHu aqmif;
b,fvdk vkyfEkdifrvJqdkwm Ekdifayr,fh tvkyfvkyfawmh oufa&mufrIawGudkvnf; yg;&Siw f pfO;D u yDpjD yóemeJY
critical support awG u d k r,fvdkY zGifhvdkufwJhtcg zGifh taotcsm ppfaq;Munfh½I ywfoufvdkY olY&JU tawGY
MudKwif&mS azG Munf½h x I m;Mu r&awmhwmrsKd;vnf; &SdEkdif Mu&rSmjzpfw,f/ tMuHKwpfckudk a&;cJh&mrSm
&awmh r ,f h o abm jzpf y g w,f / vk y f u k d i f a e&if ; u Sasser worm xd j yD wu,fhudk ta&;wMuD; vkyf
w,f/ wpfenf;ajym&r,fqkd pdwftaESmifht,Sufjzpfp&m qd&k ifawmh antivirus appli- ief;wpfckudk vkyfukdifawmh
&if PC support guide awG MuHKawGYjyD; &yfoGm;wm cations wpfcak vmufeYJ awmh r,fvdkY jyifqifwJhtcsdefrSm
qdkwmudk yDpDtoHk;jyKolwdkif; rsKd ; vnf ; &S d E k d i f y gw,f / rvH k a vmuf a wmh a y/ ('D yDpDysufoGm;cJhw,f/ 'Dtcg
avhvmxm;&SdzdkY vdktyfyg wpfcgwpf&H tvkyfvkyfay; worm u topfwpfcjk zpfjyD; rSm tdrfeD;em;csif;wpfOD;&JU
w,f/ Ekdifr,fh tajctaer&Sdawmh tcktcsdeftxd trnfray; yDpDuae rdrdyDpDudk access
uGefysLwmjyóemawG wJh oauFwawGjyjyD;rS jzpf Ekid af o;cJah y) rdr&d UJ firewall vkyf,ljyD; rdrd&JU jzpfay:vm
u owday; EdI;aqmfjcif; oGm;wwfw,f/ 'DtcgrSm u setting awG ysufoGm;Ekdif wJ h j yóemud k uk p m;,l &
r&Sbd v
J nf; rdrwd Ykd yDpaD wGqD vGefjyD;rS odvmwJhtcsufudk ovdk avsmh&o J mG ;apwJh tae w,fvdkY azmfjycJhygw,f/
88 uGefysLwm*sme,f
uGeyf sLwmtaxGaxG
wu,fawmh tJ'Dyk*d¾Kvfu
yDpuD eG yf sLwmudk rrd &d UJ jyóem Have you got a
udk rdrdukd,fwkdif tajz&Sm
jyKjyifvdkwJh pdwf"mwf xuf warranty for that
oefow l pfO;D jzpfw,f/ 'gay
r,fh aemufqHk;awmh trsm; avvH site wpfcck u k jzpfap? yk*K¾d vw
f pfO;D OD;xHu
ol i gajymqd k a ewJ h "tech jzpfap secondhand PC udk 0,f,cl w hJ m
support" qdkwmudkyJ &Gwf
qdk wrf;w&ygawmhw,f/
r[kw&f if rdrd 0,f,w l hJ ypön;f twGuf warranty
yD p D t oH k ; jyKwJ h o l a wG qdkwm &SdaerSmjzpf w,f/
taeeJY customer care eJY
aftersales support qdkwm 'Dae&mrSm reconditi- toHk;csEkdifrI &Sd r&Sdqdkwm jyefoGif;&if vufcH&rSm jzpf
awGvnf;&Syd gw,f/ vkyif ef; oned oabmoufa&mufwJh uGmjcm;csufawGawmh &SdEkdif w,f/ rdrday;acsxm;wJh aiG
pOftqifhqifhtwGuf jyo yDpDta[mif;udk vdktyfwm w,f/ Oa&myEkdifiHawGrSmqdk udk jyef,cl iG &hf w
dS ,f/ tvG,f
ay;&wmrsKd;eJY 0,fvmjyD; awGjznfph u G jf yifqifwhJ tae &if b,fae&mu0,f0,f wul 0,f,lcGifhvnf;r&SdMu?
cPtwGif; ysufpD;csKdU,Gif; txm;jzpf&ifawmif xkduf Distance Selling Dire- *kPfwk*kPfjydKifeJYvnf; oHk;
wm&Sd&if ajz&Sif;ay;wmrsKd; oifhwJh warranty qdkwm ctive qdkwmawG &Sdw,f/ csifMu? oHk;Ekdifatmifvnf;
awG &ydkifcGifh&Sdw,f/ 'Dvdk ay;&ygvdrfhr,f/ toHk;jyK&r,fh udpötwGuf aygaygavmavm&aeMuwJh
enf;ynmoHk; ypönf;awGrSm yDpDuGefysLwmjzpfjzpf? ypönf;aumif;jzpf&ygr,fvdkY ae&mrsKd;awGrSmawmh 'Dvdk
txdcHEdkifavmufwJh sub- tpdwftykdif;jzpfwJh [mh'f0J Oya'u jy|mef;xm;w,f/ Oya'awG &Sd&aumif;rSef;
jects wpfcv k Ykdtidk wf jD yóem wpfckckudkjzpfjzpf 0,f,lol 'D a e&mrS m Spec rS m &S d w J h awmif rodMuovdk axmuf
awGudk em;vnfxm;jyD; jzpf twGuf Sale of Goods Act t&nf t aoG ; r[k w f & if jy&aumif;rSef;vnf; rodMu
Mu&ygr,f/ 'gayr,fhvnf; qdkwm &Sdygw,f/ 0,f,lwJh vnf; tusKH;0ifapygw,f/ ay/
jAdwdefvdkEkdifiHrSmyif wpfcg wkid ;f jynfay:rSm xda&mufpmG rdrd0,fwJh ta&mif;qkdifrS 0,f,ljyD; vufcHtoHk;
wpf&H customer care wdkY? jyKwJhtcgrSmvnf; aumif;
aftersales support qdkwm aejyDqdk&ifawmh warranty
awGu auseyfp&mraumif; udpaö wGudk qufpOf;pm;Mu&
wJh taetxm;rsKd;awG &Sd awmhw,f/ b,fEidk if rH mS rqdk
wwf y gw,f / &yf w nf r I 0,f,ltoHk;jyKwJh enf;ynm
twGuf rights qdkwJh ae&m oH;k ypön;f awGtwGuf omref
rsKd;awGrSmawmh customer country specifice eJYtnD
rights qd k w m tawmf u d k aqmif&u G af y;Muavh&w dS ,f/
a0;vH a erS m jzpf y gw,f / 'D a e&mrS m wjcm;Ek d i f i H u
'gayr,f h yD p D u G e f y sLwm 0,f,lvmjyD; international
0,f,ltoHk;jyKolawGtaeeJY warranty udk toHk;jyKcGifh
yD p D u G e f y sLwmwpf v H k ; ud k ay;wmawGvnf; &Sdygw,f/
jzpfap? upgrade vkyfzdkY 0,f Warranties awG r S m
,lwt hJ pdwt f ykid ;f twGujf zpf twkdif;twmeJY tcsdefumv
ap? aftersale support udk trsKd;rsKd; &Sdwwfygw,f/
&Ekdif? r&Ekdif twdtus ar; Warranty &JUoabmudk rod
jref;xm;zdkY vdkygw,f/ Warranty yg0ifykH udk ypön;f rsm;wGif &SmazGMunfEh idk w
f ,f/ vd k Y jyóemrjzpf o if h b J
atmufwb
kd m? 2008 89
uGeyf sLwmtaxGaxG
jyóem vuf0,fydkuf&wm 'D a e&mrS m owd j yK&rS m u wwf y gw,f / 'D t wG u f r,f h tao;pd w f tcsuf
awGvnf; &Sdwwfygw,f/ desktop PC yJ j zpf j zpf ? wpfckcsif; warranty awG tvufawGuawmh rdrd0,f
'Dvkdudpöawmfawmfrsm;rsm; laptop yJjzpfjzpf ongoing ygvmwwfwJhtwGuf tvdk ,lvmcJhpOfu yg&SdwJh speci-
u'activate'vkyzf YkdeYJ'register' support tusKH ; 0if a pzd k Y vdk cHpm;cGifhawG &oGm;apEkdif fication awG e J Y vJ v S , f
vkyfzdkYawGudk wkdufwGef;EdI; warranty wpfckudk 0,f,l& ygw,f/ Warranty umv wyfqifrI&SdcJh&if tJ'Dtpdwf
aqmfwmudk vufwGefYcJhrdvdkY wmvnf; &Sdygw,f/ twGif; ysufpD;oGm;wJhypönf; tykdif;&JU tao;pdwfazmfjy
ta&;rqdkEkdifcJhwmawG &SdcJh Warranty extend vkyf udk b,fta&mif;qdkifurqdk csufawGudk tqifhqifh od
Mu&w,f / wu,f a wmh vmwJh udpaö wGvnf; &Sw d wf rlvnTef;qdkcsuftwkdif; tc xm;&rSm jzpfw,f/
activate vk y f w J h t csd e f ? ygw,f/ Upgrade vkyfwJh rJh vufcHaqmif&Gufay;&yg w,f v D z k e f ; eJ Y quf
register vkyfwJhtcsdefupjyD; ypönf;eJYywfoufjyD; quf vdrfhr,f/ oG,jf yD; rdrrd w
S of m;jyKpkxm;
tcsdefumvwpfckeJY tusKH; vuf&&So d mG ;Ekid w
f mrsKd;vnf; (jrefrmEkdifiHrSm w&m; orQudk ajymjywJt h cg jzpfEidk f
0ifapwmjzpfw,f/ &Sdygw,f/ PC unit wpfckudk 0ifu, kd pf m;vS,af wG wpfaeY wJh taMumif;&if;vu©Pm
Register twG u f 0,fwt hJ cgmonitor twGuf xufwpfaeY rsm;jym;vmjyD; awGukd uRr;f usio f u l rSe;f q
vkyftyfwJh wjcm;taMumif; oD;jcm; warranty 0,f,l service center awG zGifhvm jyD; b,fvdkqufvkyf&r,f
wpfcsufu register vkyf &wmrsKd;vnf; &Sdygw,f/ Ek d i f w J h t wG u f warranty qdkwmawGudk jyefvnfrSwf
xm;oltwGuf wu,fhudk aemufudpw ö pfckvnf; &Sdae qd k w m yD p D u G e f y sLwmawG om;jyD; ukd,fwkdifvkyfMunfh
vdktyfwJh driver updates ygao;w,f/ b,fyDpD uGef toHk;jyKolawGtwGuf vuf &rS m jzpf w ,f / 'D a e&mrS m
awG? firmware improve- ysLwmrqdk 0,fcgp tajc vGwfrcHoifhwJh tcGifhtvrf; vkyfief;pOftqifhvkduf ajym
ment awG u d k quf v uf taetwk d i f ; r&S d w wf y g/ aumif;awG &ykdifcGifh &SdMu qdkvkyfukdif&wm&Sdovdk tm;
aqmif&u G o
f mG ;vdYk &apw,f/ xyfxnfhwmawGvnf; &Sd awmhrSmjzpfw,f/) vHk;jcHKjyD; rSwfom;vkyfukdif&
wmrsKd;vnf; &SdEkdifygw,f/
jzpf y suf w J h jyóemay:
rlwnfjyD; tech support udk
vufcH&,l&rSmjzpfw,f/
wcsKd U awG u awmh 'D
support yHkpHrsKd;eJYywfouf
jyD ; FAQ directory ud k
MunfhjyD; tultnDawmif;cJh
MuwJh yHkpHrsKd;vnf; &Sdygao;
w,f/ ukrP Ü aD wG&UJ website
awGxJrSm FAQ u@vnf;
Private Lines : tech support ygavhygx&SdjyD;jzpfw,f/
"Tech Support" twGuf private lines awG uwpfqifh aqmif&u G af y;ae yDpDu error wpfck azmf
jyvmwJhtcg Ctrl + Print
wmawGvnf; &Syd gw,f/ Built-in help line jzpfjzpf? online help eJjY zpfjzpf Screen udkESdyfjyD; snapshot
aqmif &Guv f yk u
f idk f ajz&Si;f vdYk r& Ekid cf h&J if w,fvzD ek f;eJY quf oG,f ajz&Si;f ,l&wJh zrf ; ,l & ygw,f / Text
enf; vrf; jzpfygw,f/ document wpfcr k mS Ctrl+V
udkESdyfjyD; odrf;qnf;xm;
'Dvdk tech support ukd jzpfpOfudk rSwfom;avhvm wpfckrusef rSwfom; jyif vkduf&w,f/ Vista qdk&if
&,lvdkolawG taeeJY rdrd&JU xm;zdkY vdkovdk rdrdukd,fwkdif qifxm;zdkY vdkyg w,f/ ydkjyD; Screengrabs vkyfzdkYtwGuf
yDpDuGefysLwm csKdU,Gif;oGm;yHk ajz&Si;f vkyu
f idk yf akH wGuv
kd nf; ta&;wMuD; jyifqifxm;& Snipping tool qdkwm yg&Sd
92 uGefysLwm*sme,f
uGeyf sLwmtaxGaxG
jyD;jzpfw,f/ 'Dae&mrSm yDpD jzpfavhjzpfx&Swd wfygw,f/ vDzkef;eJY qufoG,far;jref; oufqidk &f mukrP Ü u
D kd ar;jref;
jyóemqd k w m aqmh z f 0 J Hard drive topf w pf c k cGifh &Ekdifovdk jyefac:jyD; pHkprf;jyD; tech support awG
aMumifh jzpfEkdifovdk [mh'f0J xyf j yD ; wyf q if w mrsKd ; ? ajymqdak jz&Si;f &wmawGvnf; vnf; &,lEkdifygao;w,f/
aMumifv h nf; jzpfEidk yf gw,f/ RAM wdk;jr§ifhwmrsKd; gra- &SdEkdifygw,f/ wufvmwJh twGif;rS ypönf;tpdwf
aqmh z f 0 J j yóemuawmh phics cards wyf w mrsKd ; error yHkpHudk? save vkyfxm; tykdif;awG upgrades vkyf
warranty eJY vH;k 0rywfouf twGuf firmware odYkr[kwf csufudk tD;ar;vfuwpfqifh &if; jzpfymG ;wJh jyóemqd&k if
ay/'D v d k jyóemrsKd ; u driver update vdkygw,f/ ydkYjyD; ar;jref;&wmvnf; &Sd rdrdukd,fwkdif jyifqif,lrIu
vnf; aqmhzf0Jvf topf Privates lines Ekdifw,f/ rdrdrSwfwrf;jyKpk warranty udk ysufoGm;ap
wpfck xnfhoGif;,lwJhtcg support rSm csufcsif;w,f xm;orQudk pmeJYa&;om;jyD; w,f/
atmufwb
kd m? 2008 93
uGeyf sLwmtaxGaxG
HOME SUPPORT
vGecf w f enf;i,f avmufupjy;D support
hJ hJ ESpt
services qdw k mawG trsm; tjym; &Sv
d mcJyh gw,f/
yDpD wpfvHk; 0,f,ljyD; tultnD ay;EkdifapzdkY &nf&G,f
xm;wm jzpfw,f/
'D t xJ r S m Home w,f / wpf O D ; csif ; wpf yGm;wJh yDpD&SdwJhae&mudk vm Home IT support/ Dell
Presto/ Geek Squad / The
Support qd k w m&S d y gao; a,mufcsif;u jyóemjzpf a&mufjyKjyifay;wm r[kwf
Tech Guys qdkwJh Home
ay/ uk r Ü P D t zG J Y t pnf ; eJ Y
Support awGu txif&Sm;
aqmif&GufMuwmjzpfw,f/
qHk;jzpfw,f/
vpOf a Mu;ay;jyD ; Home
support udk cH,lEkdifovdk Fantastics Forums
accident wpfct k wGuq f wkd hJ tifwmeufqufoG,f
yHkpHrsKd;eJY tcaMu;aiG,lMu rI & S d r ,f q d k & if a wmh PCA
wmawG &Sdygw,f/ Tech Forum udk toHk;csEkdifw,f/
support awGxJrSm tcaMu; Fantastic forum wpfck jzpf
aiGeJY ukefusapwJhenf;vrf; ygw,f/ Pcadvisor.co.uk
jzpfayr,fh txda&mufqHk; uwpfqifh 0ifMunfhEkdifcGifh&Sd
support wpfckvdkY ajym&yg w,f/ uGefysLwmjyóem
vdrfhr,f/ jAdwdefEkdifiHrSm BT tar;tajzaygif ; axmif
tcrJh remote assistance udk logmein rS &,lEidk w
f ,f/
aomif;ru toifh&SdaejyD;
jzpfw,f/ MudKwifumuG,f
jcif ; u uk p m;jcif ; xuf
aumif;w,fqdkwJhpum;ukd
PCA Form &JU Help room
ukd tpOfrjywf 0ifa&muf
avh v maer,f q k d & if a wmh
rdrdrSm tvm;wl jyóem
rsm;jzpfvmcJh&if csufcsif;
uk p m;Ek d i f o vd k jyóem
tar;tajzudk zwf½Ixm;
jcif;tm;jzifh b,fvdkMudKwif
jyifqifrIawG vkyfxm;oifh
w,fqdkwmawG odoifh&Mu
rSmjzpfw,f/
Ref : PC Advisor
94 uGefysLwm*sme,f
PC technologies &JU
r&Srd jzpf enf;ynmypön;f
7 rsK;d taMumif;ukd wifjyxm;w,f/
THE PHYSICS
OF TODAY'S
TECH
1980 ckESpf0ef;usif wpf0kdufwkef;uqkd&if monitor awGu xkxnfMuD;jyD;
tpdrf;a&mif*Pef;uav;awGvkdyJ wzswfzswf vufjyEkdifao;w,f/ Printer
awGuvnf; dot matrix trsKd;tpm;awGaygh/ tJ'Dwkef;u oifhukd tdyfarGYcsjyD;
'DaeYacwfrS jyefvnfEkd;xap&ifawmh 'DuaeY ay:aygufvmwJh enf;ynm
wkd;wufrIu oifhrsufpdoif r,kHEkdif jzpfoGm;r,f/ "mwfjym;wpfcsyfrSm
aw;*Dw album aygif; 10ç000 avmuf 0ifqHhaejyD/
ud&d,mwpfckeJY wpfcktMum; tcsuftvufay;ykdY&mrSm MudK;awG oG,fwef;
csdwfqufaep&m rvkdawmhbl;/ tm;vkH;[m MudK;rhJpepfawG jzpfukefjyD/
jzpfvmwJh taetxm;awG[m tem*wfukd MudKwifarQmfawG; ykHazmfEkdifpGrf;&SdwJh
odyÜHpma&;q&mMuD; Arthur C Clarke awmif pdwfrul;rdwmawG jzpfvmw,f/
yDpDawGrSm r&SdrjzpfokH;wJh enf;ynmypönf; 7 rsKd;&JUtajccHtvkyfvkyfykH
oabmw&m;ukd wifjy&Sif;vif;xm;w,f/ 'gayr,fh trade secrets eJY
proprietary design awG &SdwmaMumifh products wkdif;[m
'Dvkdazmfjyxm;csufeJY raoGz,f vkdufem tvkyfvkyfw,fvkdYawmh rqkdEkdifbl;/
t&rf;acwfvGef ½IyfaxG;wJh enf;ynmawGukd vljydef;oabmaygufatmif
tvG,fqkH;vkyfjyD; &Sif;jyay;xm;w,f/ 'DaeYacwf ypönf;awGawmif
'Davmuf½IyfaxG;&if aemifvmr,fh ESpfaygif;tpdwfrSm b,fvkdaeOD;rvJ rodbl;/
1980 wkef;u tdyfaysmfoGm;whJ vlawG tHhMo&ovkdrsKd;aygh/
atmufwb
kd mv 2008 95
HARD DRIVE
odak vSmifprG ;f yum; Mu;D rm;vSwhJ hard
drive awG[m [dw
k ek ;f u Long play
(LP) player "mwfjym;zGip
fh uf
wpf0ufeYJ pdwu
f ;l ,Of
odyq
HÜ efqef wpf0uf
aygi;f pyfxm;wJh t&mawG
jzpfvaYkd ew,f/
tvsLrD e D , rf 'grS
r[kwf zefom;eJY jyKvkyfxm;
wJh t0dkif;csyfuav;awGudk txm;rSm zefom;eJY jyKvkyf
platters vd k Y ac:yg xm;wJh vTmcsyf[m tvsLrDeD
w,f/ tJ'D platters tcsyf ,HeJY jyKvkyfxm;wJh vTmcsyf vQyfpD;aMumif;pD;apjcif;jzifh
rsm;pGmudk spindel rSm xuf ykrd kd awmifw h if;rI &Sw
d m rsufESmjyifESihf pufacgif; rsufEmS jyifay:u oHvu kd rf eI f
A[djk yK wyfqifxm;ygw,f/ aMumifh ydkrdkyg;vswJh platter tMum;rSm tifrwef yg;vTm awG[m vdk&mbufudk OD;
Spindel txdkifrSm qDjznfh vTmcsyfawG xkwfvkyf&mrSm wJ h avxk M um;cH v T m av; wnf ae&m,l M uw,f /
xm;wJh bearing awG cHxm; zefom;udk toHk;jyKavh &Sd wpf v T m jzpf v mjyD ; puf aemufq;kH ay: drives awGrmS
w,f/ spindel vnfywf w,f/ Platter wpfcsyfcsif;&JU acgif;[m rsufESmjyifay:rSm awmh data a&;zwf & mrS m
tm;udk high speed motor rsufESmjyifay:rSm actuator &SyfjyD; ysH0Jaew,f/ 'DjzpfpOf aemuf q H k ; ay: enf ; ynm
u ay;ygw,f/ wpfrdepfudk arms vufwHwpfckpD &Sd oabmw&m;udk Bernoul- wpfrsKd;jzpfwhJ giant magne-
tywfa& 7ç200 (7200 rpm) w,f/ tJ'DvufwH a&GUvsm; li's Principle vdkY ac:w,f/ toresistance (GMR)
vnfywfEdkifygw,f/ Note- rIukd pivot mechanism Platter csyjf ym;0di
k ;f &JU rsuEf mS oHk;xm;wmaMumifh oHvdkuf
book uGefysLwmawGrSm wyf u coil vQyfn§dKUtm;eJY vkyf jyifay:rSm oHvdkuf "mwf ckcHrIefuav;awGudk quan-
qif & r,f h hard drive aqmif a y;w,f / vuf w H wkHYjyef owåd&SdwJh trIefYawG tam level tm½HkcHcGJjcm;vm
awG[m t&G,ftpm;ao;Edkif tm;vHk;&JU b,f,drf;? nm udk tvTmyg;tjzpf okwf Edkifw,f/ tm½HkcH &&SdvmwJh
ygw,f/ Notebook uGefysL ,drf; vIyf&Sm;rI[m wpfnD vdrf;xm;w,f/ oHvdkufrIef tcsufjyawGudk pGrf;tm; csJU
wmawG r S m wyf q if & r,f h wpfnmwnf; jydKifwl jzpfay: uav;awG&JU OD;wnf ae&m jyD; drive electronics qD
hard drive awG[m t&G,f w,f/ vufwH&JU xdyfzsm;rSm ,lyHkudk vdkufjyD; (0) eJY (1) ay;ydkY trSm;jyifjyD;&if data
tpm;ao;zdkY vdkwmaMumifh drive head ac:wJh zwf data awG jzpf v mw,f / awGudk PC-usable format
platter tjym; wpfckcsif;udk acgif; &Sw
d ,f/ Platter tae tcsuftvuf a&;oGif;wm tjzpf ajymif;vJay;&w,f/
yg;vsvsjzpfatmifvkyfzdkY vdk eJ Y wpf r d e pf u d k tywf a & udk write data vdYk ac:w,f/ Platter rsufESmjyifrSm
w,f/ 'Dvdk yg;vsvs tae 7200 eJ Y vnf y wf a epOf 'Dvdk vkyfzdkY head coil xJrSm rS w f Ó Pf a wG rS w f o m;zd k Y
96 uGefysLwm*sme,f
ae&mtuGu½f u kd w f mudk for- file wpfckudk track ay:u
mat vkyfw,fvdkY ac:w,f/ ra&; &ao;wJh ae&mvGwf
A[dw k l puf0ikd ;f yHpk v
tuGufuav;awG tracks
H rf;aMumif; &SmazGjyD; pwif a&;r,f/
Track rSm ae&m file
OPTICAL DRIVE
vdkYac:w,f/ tJ'D track wpfc[ k m wcsKUd ae&m rqH&h if
vrf;aMumif;ay:rSm tuGuf aemufxyf ae&mvGwfwpfck 1980 jynfEh pS f 0ef;usiu f CD player Mu;D awG[m
pd w f u av; wpf c k c sif ; ud k udk &SmazGjyD; qufvuf a&;
sectors vdkY ac:w,f/ om;oGm;w,f/ 'gaMumifh t&G,t f pm;Mu;D rm;jy;D "mwfjym;vnf; a&G;w,f/
wpfenf;tm;jzifh track seg- tJ'D file [m ae&mrsKd;pHkrSm 'DaeYacwf optical drivesawGuawmh
ment yJaygh/ tJ'Dvdk for- jyefYusJ wnf&Sdaer,f/ tJ'D
matting cswkef; OS pepfu vdkae&mpHk jyefYMuJ wnf&Sdae vmorQ"mwfjym;tm;vk;H tay:rmS
owfrSwf em;vnfwJh sec- wmudk fragments vdkY ac: a&;zwfvyk af y;Ekid pf rG ;f &Sv
d mw,f/
tors taetxm;udk clus- w,f/ tJ'D file udk jyefvnf
ters vdkY ac:w,f/ a&; &SmazGzwfEikd zf Ykd disk &JU cata-
zwfacgif;&JU {&d,m usOf; logs file ae&mrSm directory 'DaeYacwfay: DVD w,f / tvG e f r mausmwJ h
usOf; tvkyfvkyfEdkifrItay: table qdkwJh vdyfpmtñTef; burner awG rSm DVD burn poly carbonate yvwf
rlwnfjyD; segment t&G,f wpfck jyKpkxm;zdkYvdkw,f/ zdkY avqmwpfrsKd;udk oHk;jyD; pwpfjym;ay:rSm tcsKdihf&m
tpm;ao;r,f / Sectors wu,fvdkY read command CDs burn zdkY aemufxyf uav;awG yHkzd,lxm;wm/
t&G,ftpm;ao;wJhtwGuf 0if v m&if a wmh drive u avqmwpfrsKd;udk oHk;w,f/ tJ'D tcsKdihf&m uav;awGudk
cluster t&G,ftpm;vnf; tJ'D vdyfpmudkt&if&SmazGjyD; Laser sled [m pits vdkY ac:w,f/ pits
ao;r,f / 'gqd k drive vufwHudk vdk&m track vrf; sliding rails ac:wJ h &Sdjcif; r&Sdjcif;tay: rlwnf
rsufESmjyifrSm rSwfÓPfawG aMumif;ay: a&TUay;jyD; vdk&m avQmvrf;ay:rSm &Sw d ,f/ a&SU jyD; 1 eJY 0 bits wefzdk;awG
ydkrdk 0ifqHhr,f/ Platter A[dk ae&mu pzwfoGm;apw,f/ wdk;aemufiif a&GUvsm;atmif jzpfvmw,f/ DVD "mwf
csufem; uyfvsufae&mudk vdyfpmtay: rlwnfjyD; motor u armif;ESifay; jym;ay:u pits uav;awG&UJ
awmh Landing area vdYk ae&mrsKd;pHkudk ausmfvTm;zwf w,f/ Laser sled &JU a&GU t&G,t f pm;[m CDs ay:u
ac:w,f/ Head &yfem;&m ½I oGm;Edkifapw,f/ 'Dvdk &Sm vsm;rI [ m disc hub pits t&G,t f pm;xuf trsm;
ae&maygh/ Actuator arm azG zwf½I&wJhtwGuf wpfcg "mwfjym;vSnhftHk puf0dkif; MuD; ao;w,f/ 'gaMumifh
vuf w H [ m acwf a [mif ; wpfcg aESmifhaES; MuefYMumrI A[dkcsufeJY tcsif;rsOf;yHkpH DVD "mwfjym;[m tcsuf
"mwfjym;zGipfh ufvufwaH wGeYJ awG &S d w ,f / 'gaMumif h twd k i f ; a&G U vsm;w,f / tvuf 0ifqHhrIyrmP MuD;
wlw,f/ 'gayr,fh 'DvufwH buffer ac:wJ h rS w f Ó Pf avqma&mifjcnfukd avqm rm;w,f/ tJ'D pits xGif;
udk xdef;ausmif;armif;ESif Mum;cHwpfckudk xm;&Sday;& 'dkiftkwftae xkwfvkyfay; xm;wJh polycarbonate csyf
ae&ma&TUay;rIu drive rS w,f / 0if v mwJ h tcsuf jyD; Lens rSefbDvl;u jym;ay:rSm reflective ma-
wyfqifxm;wJh firmware tvufeYJxu G o f mG ;wJh tcsuf pkqHkay;w,f/ Read and terial ac:wJh a&mifjyef
ac:wJh y½dk*&rf twdkuav; tvufawG[m tJ'D buffer write twGuf vdktyfr,fh tvTmwpfck xif&w,f/ tJ'D
eJY interface vdkY jzpf Mum;cHu wpfqihf tqihf avqmjyif;tm;udk vdkovdk a&mifjyefvTmudk tvsLrDeD
w,f/ Drive taeeJY write qihf jynfhpHkjyD; wpfwGJwnf; twdk;tavQmh vkyfEdkifatmif ,rf? aiGeJY a&T oHk;rsKd;pyfxm;
or read order &vm&if jzpfjyDqdkrS ydkYvTwfw,f/ rSwf pDrHxm;w,f/ aw;oHoGif; wJh owåKpyfeJY jyKvkyfavh &Sd
vuf w H [ m vd y f p myg ÓPf uGe;f axmufpcef;aygh/ qdkifawGu jzefYcsdwJh rmpwm w,f/ tJ'Dtay:urS pro-
tracks vrf;aMumif;ay:udk acGvYkd ajymajymaeMuwJh rlv tective coating ac:wJh
a&muf&SdjyD; wnfxm;w,f/ CDs udk commercial pres- xdcdkufcH tumvTm wyfqif
Write commend 0ifvm&if sed CD-Rom dics vdkY ac: &w,f/ tJ'Dtay:rSm label
atmufwb
kd mv 2008 97
surface
ac:wJh tay:,H
rsufESmjyif &Sdr,f/
"mwfjym;ay:rSm odrf;
qnf;xm;wJh tcsuftvuf
awG zwf½IzdkY avqma&mif
jcnfudk c½kywfacGyHkpHudk
oGm;&r,f/ Pits ac:wJh wGi;f
csKdihfxJ oGm;uswJh avqm
[m tay:wnf h w nf h o d k Y
tvif; rjyefEdkifbJ ab;bD tkwfuae
udk jyefYMuJuek wf ,f/ vd&k mudk csihfawmfr,fh jyif;
ra&muf E d k i f a wmh b l ; aygh / tm;&SdwJh avqm a&mif
wu,f v d k Y a&mif j yef v T m jcnf xkwfvkyf jzpfay:ap
tkyfxm;wJh jyifnD (lands) w,f/ phase change
eJY xdawGU&ifawmh tay: "mwfjym;&JU A[dkcsuf chemical layer ac:wJh
wnhfwnfh tvif;tm½HkcH uae tjyifbufudk c½kywf avqm a&mifjcnfjyif;tm;
ud&d,mqD tvif;jyefr,f/ acGyHkpH avqmeJY a&;xGif; avqm tvif ; wef ; ud k tay:rlwnfjyD; taetxm;
tvif;jyefeJY tvif;rjyefwJh awmhw,f/ avqmtiftm; tvif; rjyefapEdkifawmhbJ wpfrsKd;rSm tvif;aygufvTm
taetxm;udkvdkufjyD; 0 eJY eJYawmh pressed CD-Rom pits wG i f ; csKd i h f u av;awG jzpfr,f/
1 wef z d k ; awG jzpf a y:vm rSm&SdwJh pits awGudk yvwf oabmrsKd; xrf;aqmifay; aemuf taetxm;
w,f/ pwpf trmay:rSm xGi;f Edik rf mS w,f/ wpfrsKd;rSm tvif;ydwftvTm
yHkzdenf;eJY xkwfvkyfwJh r[k w f b l ; / tJ ' gaMumih f tJ'Dtay:urS protec- jzpfr,f/ tvif;ydwfaewJh
pressed CD-ROM tjyif a&mifjyefvTm wpfckavmuf tive Layer eJY Label sur- ae&mudk aemufxyf avqm
avqma&mifjcnfeYJ wdu k ½f u
kd f cHjyD; tJ'Dtay:rSm tvif; faces wdkY &Sdw,f/ CD-R eJY jyif;tm; wpfrsKd;oHk;vdkuf&if
a&;Edkif? zsufEdkifwJh pD'D "mwf xdod wkHYjyefrI&SdwJh organic DVD-R awG[m 'DvdkyHkpH tvif;aygufvmT jyefjzpfomG ;
jym;awGvnf; &Sdao;w,f/ dye layer tvTm wpfck vkyf wnfaqmufxm;w,f/ wpf r,f/ a&;jyD;om;udk jyefzsuf
tJ'D pD'cD syfukd optical drive ay;vd k u f w ,f / 'D t wd k i f ; MudrfyJ a&;Edkifw,f/ tMudrf jyD; e*dktwdkif; jyefvkyfwJh
xJ xnfhvdkufpOf sirmwere Munf h & if a wmh a&mif c s,f Mudrf jyefzwfEdkifw,f/ oabmyg/
u dics type udk cGJjcm; od&Sd tvTm[m tvif;aygufjyD; CD-RW eJY DVD ±
vdkufw,f/ b,fvdk pD'Dcsyf Munfvifaer,f/ RW wd k Y [m tMud r f M ud r f
vJaygh/ Look-up table rSm avqmtm; jyif;jyif;eJY txyfxyf jyefa&; jyefzsuf
media's parameter tcsuf xdk;vdkuf&if xdk;rdwJh ae&m Edik af tmif vkyx
f m;w,f/ xl;
tvufawGudk cGJjcm; em; [m tvif;ydwfvTm jzpfoGm; jcm;wmu organic dye
vnfvdkufjyD; avqm 'dkif r,f/ olYtay: usvmwJh layer tpm; mutable
98 uGefysLwm*sme,f
CRT MONITOR
rjrif&wJh a&mifjcnf&,f? tDvufx&Geaf oewf&,f CRTawG[m
acwfuek w f ,f xif&ayr,fh olrY mS tok;H ûyxm;wJh wcsKeUd nf;ynmawGuawmh
vufzsm;cgavmufygay&J/U
atmufwb
kd mv 2008 99
vdkif;uav;awG tvSnhfus tDvufx&Gef aoewf
pDxm;wJh RGB stripes yHkpH
eJYyJ vmygawmhw,f/ Sha-
[m yHkazmf rsufESmjyifudk
tvsm;vdkuf b,frSnm ypf LCD MONITOR
dow mask ac:wJh yHk&dyfcs cwfjyD; wpfvdkif;jyD;wpfvdkif;
ZumoH k ; wJ h CRT awG r S m ypfcwf yHkazmf,lw,f/ ypf Thin-film transistor (TFT) LCD monitor
yHkazmfyHkuawmh oihfyDpD uGef csufwdkif;rSm tDvufx&Gef
ysLwmrSmwyfxm;wJh graph- a&mifjcnf tjyif;taysmh uGm 'grrS [kwf notebook uGeyf sLwm&JU ykaH zmf
ics adapter u ay;ydkYvmwJh jcm;rI &SdwJhtwGuf yHkazmf jyuGu[ f m wu,fawmh tqifjh rifeh nf;ynmeJY
command awG monitor udk tvif;pufawGudk tvif;
a&muf v mwmeJ Y tD v uf enf;enf;awmuf? tvif; tqifh qifh xkyyf ;dk xm;wJh vTmcsyw
f pfcyk gy/J Liquid
x&Gefaoewf oHk;vufu rsm;rsm;awmuf jzpfay:ap crystal armfvu D sL;awG [m
tDvufx&Gefwef oHk;ckudk &mu yHk&dyfoP²mefawG jzpf
xk w f v T w f a y;vd k u f w ,f / ay:xif[yfapw,f/ Mum;cHaygi;f ul;ay;olawGayg/h
tJ'gudk detlection yoke eJY azmhpzdwf a&mifajymif;
vdk&myJhxdef;jyD; azmhpzdwf awmuf yHkazmfpufawG[m LCD panel &JU aemuf wG,u f yfwmrdYk armfvu D sL;&JU
a&mifajymifatmif okwv f rd ;f tvif;tm;udk Mum&Snf xde;f bufrSm tvif;jyefvTm&SdjyD; tv,facgif[m 90 'D*&D
xm;wJh yHkazmf rsufESmjyif rxm;Edkifygbl;/ 'gaMumifh tJ'DrSm rD;acsmif;vdk t&mrsKd; tvdkufoihf vdrfacgufae&
aemufuyfvsuf mask wpfqufwpfpyfwnf; vIyf eJYtvif;a&mifay;xm;w,f/ w,f/ 'Dvdk taetxm;[m
yH k & d y f c sqef c g&J U tayguf &Sm;aewJh yHk&dyfawG jrifEdkifzdkY 'gudk light source 'grS tvif;ayguf taetxm;
wpfcku 0ifa&mufjyD; ouf wpfpuúefYtwGif; frame 60 r[k w f back light jzpf o G m ;jyD / yxrvT m csyf
qdkif&m a&mifajymif;awmuf uae 80 tMum; ypfcwfay; vdkYac:w,f/ tJ'D&JUa&SU tajrmif;taygufMum;u 0if
yHkazmfvdkif; wpfvdkif;pDudk us zdkY vdkw,f/ 'gudk refresh eJY rSm &Sdaewmuawmh vmwJh tvif;[m armfvD
a&mufapw,f/ Trinitrons rate vdkY ac:w,f/ polarizing filter ac:wJh usL; wpfavQmuf jzwfoef;
'grSr[kwf Diamondtrons 'gaMumifh tvsm;vdkuf tajrmif ; ajrmif ; awG y gwJ h &if; 90 'D*&D vSnfhoGm;wm
monitor awGrSmawmh yHk&dyfcs eJY a'gifvukd f yHak zmfpuf ta& vIdif;oefYvTmcsyf ESpfckygyJ/ aMumif h 'k w d , vT m csyf & J U
qefcgtpm; wires MudK;awG twGuf 1280 x 1024 &SdwJh vTmcsy&f UJ wpfcek YJwpfcu k kd 90 tajrmif;taygufeJY tvdkuf
a'gifvdkuf pDxm;wJh Aper- Hi-det TV yHkazmfrsufESmjyif 'D * &D axmih f r S e f u satmif oihf jydKifusjzpfoGm;jyD; quf
ture-grill udk toHk;jyKxm; udk wpfpuúeYf 75 frame (75 xm;ay;xm;w,f / 'D v d k vuf xdk;azmuf jzwfoef;
w,f/ 0ifvmwJh tDvuf Hz refresh rate) eJY ypfcwf taetxm;[m tvif ; oGm;Edik &f w,f/ wd;k vQKad yguf
x&Gef a&mifjcnfwef; oHk;ck yHkazmfr,fqdk&if wpfpuúefY vIdif;wpfck&JU b,fnmxuf jzwfoef;Edkifjcif;aygh/ Liq-
udk triad ac: wJh Mwd*yH pkH H qdkwJh tcsdeftwGif; pixel atmuf vT J c G i f h t m;vH k ; ud k uid crystal armfvDusL;udk
eDjympdrf; tpufoHk;cktay: aygif; oef; 100 udk udkif jzwfoef;cGifhrjyKbJ ydwfqdkY vQyfppf enf;enf;oihf&if
twd t us usa&muf a p wG,f ypfcwf&wJh oabmyJ/ taetxm;jzpf a ew,f / tacGtacguf enf;enf;ajy
w,f/ tvif;ydwftaetxm;aygh/ oG m ;r,f / 90 'D * &D acG
yH k & d y f t&nf t aoG ; tJ'DvTmcsyfESpfckMum;udk liq- acgufae&muae 60 'D*&D
taetxm;tay:rlwnfjyD; uid crystal molecules avmufyJ acGacgufwmrsKd;
yHk&dyfwpfck&JU tao;i,fqHk; xnhaf y;vduk &f ifawmh armfvD jzpfomG ;r,f/ 'Dvq kd &kd if 100
tpdwftydkif;jzpfwJh pixel usL;&JU xdyfpGef;ESpfzuf[m &mcd k i f E I e f ; tvif ; ayguf
udk triad wpfckodkYr[kwf 90 'D*&DoefYwef; jzpfaewJh taetxm;uae 65 &mcdkif
wpfcx k ufyw kd hJ ta&twGuf vIdif;qefYvTmcsyfrSm jzpfay: EI e f ; yJ tvif ; ayguf a wmh
eJY zGJUpnf;,lw,f/ aewJh tajrmif;eJY tjydKifus r,f / aemuf x yf 'D x uf
100 uGefysLwm*sme,f
vQyfppf enf;enf;ydkoihf&if
40 'D*&D avmufyJ acGacguf wef ; ud k ta&mif p pf v T m
awmhr,f/ enf;enf; ydak jzmihf (color filter) wpfckxJ jzwf
vmjyD/ tvif;aygufEIef; 35 aMumif; ajymif; vSnrhf ay;Edik f ter grid &JU tvsm;vdkufeJY oef ; apjcif ; jzif h teD od k Y
&mcd k i f E I e f ; usef a wmh r ,f / wmaMumifh 'kwd,vTmcsyf a'gifvdkuf qHkrSwfwpfckrSm r[k w f tjym od k Y r[k w f
'gqdk tvif;ydwfbufudk tvif;0ifayguf tajrmif;eJY &SdwJh x&efppöwmwpfck[m tpdrf; tvdk&Sd&m ta&mif
ydkeD;pyfvmjyD/ vHkavmufwJh 90 'D*&D uefYvefYjzpfjyD; sub-pixel wpfcu k kd ud,
k pf m; wpfa&mifujkd zpfay:apw,f/
vQyfppfoihfap&ifawmh armf jzwfoef;r&bJ vH;k 0 tvif; jyKw,f/Sub-pixel wpfc[ k m eDjympdrf; tcsKd;us aygif;pyf
vDusL;[m 90 'D*&D acG ydwfoGm;r,f/ Black dot eDjympdrf; (RGB) tajccH rIuae vdk&mta&mif pixel
acgufae&mu wpfajzmihf aygh/ tJ'v
D kd vQyfppfoihaf pzdYk ta&mifxJu wpfckck jzpfEdkif wpfcjk zpfay:vmw,f/ LCD
wnf; jzpfoGm;wJhtwGuf Liquid crystal eJY 'kwd, w,f / Sub-pixel oH k ; ck yHak zmfrsuEf mS jyifwpfcrk mS tJ'D
yxrvTmcsyfu armfvDusL; polarizing filter tMum;rSm aygif;&if pixel wpfck jzpf vdk yHak zmf pixel ta&twGuf
xJ jzwf o ef ; wJ h tvif ; transister grid ud k vmr,f/ Sub-pixel wpfcu k oef;eJYcsD yg0ifavh&Sdw,f/
wef ; ud k 90 'D * &D vrf ; cHay;xm;&w,f/ Transis- jzwfxu G vf mwJh tjzLtvif;
atmufwb
kd mv 2008 101
INKJET PRINTER
Inkjet printer wpfv;kH udk armif;ESir
f ,fh control into
awG[m yDpu D eG yf sLwm&JU driver u
vmcsi&f ifvm? rvm&if printer rSm
wpfygwnf; yl;wGJ wyfqifxm;wJh onboard
electronics awGu vmw,f/
104 uGefysLwm*sme,f
nmwJh vdkif;wpfwef; us
atmufwb
kd mv 2008 105
ay:rS m uyf a ewJ h toner
rif r I e f Y eJ Y qef Y usif b uf
vQyfppf"mwf ouf0ifatmif
Wi-Fi okrYd [kwf
vkyfay;w,f/ 'Dvdkenf;tm;
jzifh drum ay: wG,fuyfae
wJ h rif r I e f Y awG [ m puú L
MudK;rJhtifwmeuf uGef&uf
tay: ajymif;vJ wG,fuyf
oG m ;ygw,f / Cleaning Laptop wpfv;Hk ukd oGm;av&m ,l oGm;jy;D MuKd ;rJeh nf;eJY tifwmeuf uGef &ufxJ
blade u drum ay:u
0ifa&muf csw
d q f ufEidk w
f ,f qdw
k m enf;enf;awmh obm0 vGeu
f jJ y;D
rvdkawmhbJ uyfusefaewJh
rifrIefYawGudk &Sif;vif; z,f pdwuf ;l ,OfrqefveG ;f ayzl;vm;/ 'gay r,fh 'Denf;ynmu wu,fth jyifrmS
&S m ;ay;w,f / tJ ' gqd k & if
aemufxyf 'Dvdk vkyfief;pzdkY
tok;H ûyaeygjy/D
tqifoifh &Sif;vif;jyD;om;
jzpfoGm;jyD/ tifwmeufuGef&ufxJ ay;w,f/ 'Dvkd ul;ajymif; indentification ac:wJ h
Toner rifrIefYawG vQyf 0ifa&muf csdwfquf&mrSm xkwfvTifh&mrSm a&'D,kd Mudrf oufqkdif&m data ukd cJGjcm;
ppftm;eJY uyfaewJh puúL[m net eJY csdwfqufol tMum; EIef; 2 rsKd;ukd tokH;ûyavh pDppfa&G;cs,fEkdifzkdYeJY vkdif;
tylay; wvdrhfwHk; fuser Mum;cHaygif;ul; csdwfquf &Sw
d ,f/ 2.4 GHz (802.11 b/ 0if E k d i f z k d Y wjcm;vk d tyf w J h
eJY wvdrhfwHk; pressaure ay;wJh t0iftxGuf ae&m g Wi-Fi standard) eJY 5 GHz taxmuftxm;awG yl;wJG
roller awGukd jzwfoef;tjyD; av;awGukd Wi-Fi hotspot (802.11a hardware) qkdjyD; xnfo h iG ;f ay;vku d w
f o
hJ abm
rSmawmh tyl"mwfu toner vkdYac:w,f/ wpfenf;tm; ESpfrsKd;&Sdw,f/ 'DMudrfEIef; yJ/ wpfenf;tm;jzifh 'gukd
riftrIefYawGudk t&nfaysmf jzifh access point (AP)vkdY ESpfckpvkH;[m tar&duefrSm service Set Indentifier
jyD; puúLrsufESmjyifrSm pGJxif ac:wmaygh/ rSmawGY&rSm vkdifpif,lp&mrvkdwJh Mudrf (SSID) vkdY ac:w,f/
uyfapw,f/ jyD; wvdrhfwHk; uawmh AP built-in yg&SdwJh EIef;uGufawGygyJ/ AP u rSm jyxm;wmuawmh Wi-Fi
eJY zdvdkufwJhtcg csyfcsyf router wpfckwyfjyD; MudK;rJh xkwv f iT whf hJ a&'D,dk tcsujf y enabled laptop or desk-
&yf&yf pJGjrJoGm;w,f/ Wi-Fi hotspot wpf c k awGrSm rSm jyxm;wJh top ac:wJh MudK;rJh a&'D,kd
Color Laser a&mifpHk wnfaqmufxm;vkYd &w,f/ twk d i f ; beacon signal enf ; ynmeJ Y Wi-Fi puf
avqm yH k E S d y f p uf a wG r S m 'grSr[kwfvnf; LAN uGef uav;awG Mum;n§yf yg&Sd taMumif;xJ 0ifcsdwfEkdifr,fh
vnf; 'Doabmw&m;twdik ;f &ufxJu wjcm;wpfa,muf w,f / 'g[m network taxmuftxm;eJY a&'D,kd
vkyfaqmifw,f/ 'gayr,fh a,muf&JU hotspot ukd xyf
puú L taeeJ Y ta&mif u G J qifh Mum;cH xkwfvTifhay;wJh
color toner wpfcp k D wyfqif router tjzpfvnf; okH;vkdY&
xm;wJh drum av;ckukd quf w,f/ AP wpfck&JU wm0ef
wdkuf jzwfoef;oGm;&r,f/ [m a&'D,v kd idI ;f awGudk xkwf
wcsKdU color laser awGu vT i f h zrf ; ,l E k d i f & r,f /
awmh puúLay: yHk&dyfMum;cH Walkie-Talkie vk d a ygh /
intermediate belt wpfck Filber quf a Mumif ; xJ u
tay: color layer awG a&mufvmwJh data awGudk
t&ifprf;jyD;rS puúLtay:udk rSm jyxm;wJhtwkdif; a&'D,kd
ul;,l yHkESdyfw,f/ tcsufjy (radio signel)
tjzpf ul;ajymif; xkwfvTifh
106 uGefysLwm*sme,f
vIdif; xkwfvTifhpdppf,lEkdif Mum;u Mum;jzwf axmuf tjcm;wpfckrSm csdwfqufEkdif
r,fh chipset awG pkpnf; vSrf;vkdY r&atmif oauFw zk d Y tJ ' D MAC address
STATS
xm;wJh card wpfck xnhaf y; 0S u f p epf (encryption) vd y f p m&S d x m;zk d Y vk d w ,f / yDpDay:rS AD'D,dk
xm;w,f/ Wi-Fi card tae ok H ; zk d Y v k d w ,f / trsm;qk H ; Wireless router awGtaeeJY
eJY Wi-Fi hotsopt wpfckem; tokH;ûyavh&SdwJhpepf 2 cku vnf; tJ'D vdyfpm&Sdxm;wJh Munf½h oI l &mcdik Ef eI ;f
○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○
eD ; uyf v mcsd e f r S m tJ ' D [ m awmh Wired Equivalent pm&if ; 0if o l u k d o mvQif
xkwfvTifhwJh a&'D,kdvIdif; Privacy (WEP) eJY olYxuf vufcHcsdwfqufay;ygvdrfh
tcsufjywcsKdUukd erlem zrf; ykdpdwfcs&wJh Wi-Fi Pro- r,f/ wu,fvkdY csdwfquf
,lMunfhjyD; tJ'D hotspot tected Access (WPA) yg ol taeeJY AP eJY tvSrf;a0;
[m oleJY csdwfqufvkdU &r& yJ/ AP eJY olYukd vSrf;csdwf? wmeJ YtrQ ES p f z uf tMum; uGeyf sLwm(yDp)D jzifh ½ky&f iS ?f
o½kyfcJGMunfhw,f/ wu,f ol Y &J U laptop Mum;rS m tcsuf t vuf a y;yk d Y EI e f ; AD',
D ?kd 'DA'GD D ? wDAtGD pDtpOfEiS hf
vkdY csdwfqufvkdY &Ekdifw,f oauFw0SufazmfzkdY deerypt data transfer rates [m vIy&f mS ;rIzikd rf sm; Munf½h o
I l
qkd&if tuGmta0;ay: vkduf key wpfckukd MudKwif owf usqif;wJhobm0&Sdw,f/ &mcdik Ef eI ;f
jyD; rdr&d UJ xkwv f iT rhf I tiftm; rSwfjyD; udk,frDvufukdifûy wjcm; a&'D,kdMudrfEIef;awGeJY ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○
signal strength ukd vkdovkd xm;Muw,f/ AP wpfckukd xyfvkdYjzpfap? a&'D,kd xkwf
csden f jd§ yD; twiftcs vkyaf y; awGU&mMuHK&m Wi-Fi ena- vTihf ay;ykYd &m Mum;rSm twm;
Ek d i f w ,f / 'D v k d w pf z uf e J Y bled laptop wkdif;u wHcg; tqD; tcktcHawG&Sdae&if
wpfzuf csw d q
f ufEidk zf Ydk aoG; r&Sd "m;r&Sd vSrf;csdwfvkdY&wm vIdif;tm;us tcsuftvuf
wkd;prf;ûywmukd authentifi- r[kwfbl;/ tJ'D laptop okdY aysmufqkH;rIawG jzpfay:vm
cation vkdY ac:w,f/ vG,f r[kwf desktop rSm toif; aMumifh aysmufomG ;wJh tykid ;f uGeyf sLwm(yDp)D jzifh
vG,fjrifomatmif Oyrm 0ifuwf oabmrsKd;jzpfwJh awGukd tMudrfMudrf jyefvnf wpfvvQif 6 Murd x f uf ydík
ay;&&ifawmh wpfzufeYJ wpf Media Access Control xkwfvTifhay;ae&wmaMumifh AD',
D kd Munf½h o
I l &mcdik Ef eI ;f
zuf tjyeftvSef ppfaq;ae (MAC) address vdyfpm&Sd tcsdef MuefYMumrIawG jzpf ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○
Muwmaygh/ pdwfwkdif;usjyD? ygrS router u vSrf;csdwfrI vmjyD; tcsuftvuf a&;rI
tkad ujyDq&dk if tcsut f vuf ukvd ufcaH qmif&u
G af y;r,f/ EIef; usqif;oGm;&avh &Sd
ydkYvTwfrI (data transmis- 'gaMumifh network ay:rSm w,f/ 802. 11b standard
sion) pvk y f w ,f / 'D v k d &SdorQ devices wkdif;[m rSm wpfpuúeYf tcsuftvuf
tcsuftvufawG zvS,f hotsopt wpfck okdYr[kwf trsm;qHk; vJTajymif;EkdifpGrf; wDAGcD swd q f ufrI
xkwfvTwf&mrSm rqkdifwJh [m 11 Mbps jzpf j yD ; r&Sad omaMumifh tGev f ikd ;f
802.11g eJY 802.11a stand-
ay:ro S m AD', D kd Munf½h o
I l
ard awGrSmawmh 54 Mbps
&mcdik Ef eI ;f
yrmPtxd wkd;jr§ifhay;ykdYEkdif ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○
atmif pDpOfxm;w,f/ tck
aemufqkH;ay: hardware
awGrmS awmh multiple input,
multiple output (MIMO)
technology xnf h o G i f ;
wnfaqmufxm;wmaMumifh
rdom;pkEiS t
hf wl r[kwb f J
wpf ûydief uf xkwv f iT v
hf ufcH
uGeyf sLwm (yDp)D toH;k jyKí
zrf;,lrI &meJYcsDukd vufcH
AD',
D kd Munf½h o
I El eI ;f
aqmif&u G Ef idk pf rG ;f &Sv
d mw,f/
atmufwb
kd mv 2008 107
uGeyf sLwmtaxGaxG
5/"icongnito window'
topf w pf c k taeeJ Y
home page ay:rS m
tumbnail icon awGudk
Right Click ES d y f j yD ;
2/ Ctrl eJY Shift key awGukd zdxm;jyD; tu©&m 'N' udk ESyd v
f u
kd f zG i h f v S p f v d k Y v J &Ed k i f y g
r,f qd&k ifawmh (incognito) qdw
k hJ window wpfcuk kd zefw;D w,f/
ay;rSm jzpfygw,f/ 'g[m Windows topfwpfckudk zef
108 uGefysLwm*sme,f
uGeyf sLwmtaxGaxG
6/'Ctrl, Shift eJY T' wdYkukd wGzJ uf ESyd v
f u
kd &f ifawmh t&ifwpfcg 12/'Ctrl eJY B' udk wGJzufESdyfvdkufwJh tcg rSmawmh book-
oHk;pGJoGm;jyD; ydwfoGm;cJh wJh tab awGudk jyefacgif;aqmif mark bar udk cP azsmufay;xm;ygw,f/ jrifuGif; us,f
zGihfvSpfay;rSm jzpfygw,f/ rD;ysufvdkYyJjzpfjzpf? ½kwfw&uf us,u f kd Munfvh o
kd al wGtwGuf toH;k 0ifwhJ shortcut wpfck
'save' rvkyv f u
kd rf w
d hJ web pmrsuEf mS aumif;aumif;awGukd ygyJ/
jyefvnf rSwfrdzdkYtwGuf odyftoHk;0ifygw,f/ Google 13/Bookmark bar rSm &SdwJh 'back' (taemufudkoGm;wJh but-
chrome [m tedrhfqHk; tab (10) cktxd rSwfrdaeygw,f/ ton) av;udk Right click ESy dvf ukd w
f t
hJ cgrSm ud,
k f Munf½h cI hJ
7/Tab awG wpfckeJYwpfcktMum;udk ckefausmf jzwfoef;zdkY wJh pmrsuEf mS awG&UJ pm&if;udk wpf&ufcsi;f tvdu k f rSwwf rf;
twGufuawmh Ctrl key udk zdESdyfxm;jyD; keyboard &JU &&Sdygvdrhfr,f/ tJ'D&JU atmufqHk;rSmawmh 'full story' qdw k hJ
tay: bm;wef;rSm&SdwJh 1, 2, 3, 4, . . . number awGeJY pmom;udk click ESdyfvdkufwJhtcg new tab zGihfvSpfay;jyD;
a&m,Suf zdESdyfvdkY &ygw,f/ Oyrm pmrsufESm ig;ckajrmuf ud,
k hf web pmrsuEf mS udk tjynft h 0 jyefvnf&&Syd gvdrrfh ,f/
udk oGm;csifwJhtcgrSm (Ctrl +5) udk wGJzuf ESdyf&ygr,f/
8/pmrsufESmawGudk ac:,lpOfrSm loading vkyfwJh pwdkif[m
IE8 eJY qifwljyD; puf0dkif;uav; vnfywfaewJh yHkoP²mef
&Syd gw,f/ 'Ctrl' eJY 'Tab' udk wGzJ ufEydS v f ukd &f if tJ't
D csed rf mS 14/History pmrsuEf mS udk tjrefq;kH enf;eJY a&muf&cdS si&f ifawmh
vwf wavm loading ac:,laewJh page (tab) qDudk Ctrl eJY H udk wJGzufESdyf&ygr,f/
a&mufygr,f/
15/Instory pmrsufESm[m install vkyfjyD; pwifoHk;pGJcJhcsdefu
9/(Ctrl+Shift+Tab) awGudk wGJzuf ESdyfr,fqdk&ifawmh Ctrl pvdkY aeYpGJ wpfckcsif;pDtvdkuf rSwfom;ay;xm;rSm jzpfwJh
+Tab eJY qefYusifbuftajzudk &&SdrSmjzpfjyD; ,cif load-
twGuf rvdt k yfwmeJY toH;k ruswmawGukd pdwMf udKuf zsuf
ing ac:,ljyD;cJw
h hJ page qDukd jyefvnf a&muf&ydS gvdrrfh ,f/ ypfjyD; vdktyfovdk zGJUpnf;jyifqifxm;Edkifygw,f/
10/Firefox browser rSm oHk;cJhovdk udk,fMunfh½IaewJh pm
rsufESmawGudk pdwfMudKufae&mcsjyD; txm;todk a&TUajymif;
zdkYtwGuf mouse udk zdxm;jyD; drag qGJ,l&ygr,f/
11/odyfMudKufwJh pmrsufESmwpfckudk awGU&wJhtcgrSmawmh
rSwfom; bookmark vkyfxm;zdkYtwGuf 'Ctrl eJY D' udk
ESdyf&ygr,f/ tJ'DurS ay:vmwJh edit box xJrSm udk,fh
16/'Ctrl eJY J' udk wGzJ ufEydS w
f t
hJ cgrSm 'dowload' vkyw
f hJ page
pdwfMudKuf trnfay;wmeJY folder wnfaqmufwmawGudk
udk zGihfvSpfay;ygvdrhfr,f/
vkyfaqmifEdkifygw,f/ Address bar rSm &SdaewJh Mu,fyGihf
t0ga&mifuav;udk click ESdyfjyD;&if bookmark vkyfEdkifyg 17/'download' page udk &Sif;vif; csifw,fqdk&ifawmh link
w,f/ wpfckcsif; tvdkuf Right ESdyfjyD; ay:vmwJh box xJu
'Remove' udk a&G;cs,fvdkuf½HkeJY udpjö ywfygw,f/
18/'Ctrl eJY K' 'grSr[kwf 'Ctrl eJY E' 'D shortcut uawmh
address bar ay:rSm &SmazGzdkY jzpfygw,f/ [dkt&ifwkef;u
&SmazGzYkd twGuf 'google .com' qdwk mudk t&if½u
kd jf yD;rS tJ'D
atmufwb
kd mv? 2008 109
uGeyf sLwmtaxGaxG
search box xJuae wpfqihf &SmazGcJhMu&w,f r[kwf about: cache
vm;/ tckawmh tJ'DrSm&SdwJh tqihfwpfck jyKwfoGm;ygjyD/ about: dns
Address bar rSmudk wef;jyD; udk,f&SmazGcsifwJh text udk
½dkufjyD; Enter acgufvdkufwmeJY google &JU search en-
gine udk csdwfqufrdoGm;jyD; tajzudk wef;jyD; azmfjyay;rSm
jzpfygw,f/ 'D command ESdyfvdkufpOfrSm address bar
rSm "?" yHkpHav; ay:vmygvdrhfr,f/
19/Window &JU xdyfem;rSm Right Click ESdyfvdkufjyD; 'Task 23/'about: crash' udk address bar udk ½dkufvdkufwJhtcgrSm
manager' udk a&G;cs,fvdkufwJhtcgrSmawmh zGihfxm;wJh tab awmh crash jzpfwJh tab awGudk awGU&Sd&ygvdrhfr,f/
(pmrsufEmS wpfcck sif;tvdu
k )f awG&UJ memory oH;k pGaJ eyHu
k kd 24/Windows XP wpfckwnf;rSmom tvkyfvkyfwJh easter
azmfjyay;rSm jzpfygw,f/ tJ'DtcgrSm udk,fh PC twGuf egg vdkYac:wJh aysmfp&muav;wpfckuawmh "about:
b,fpmrsuEf mS [m memory udk odoo d mom oH;k pGaJ eovJ internets" jzpfygw,f/ address bar rSm tJ'Dvdk ½dkufvdkuf
qdkwmudk odEdkifjyD; y,fzsufEdkifwJhtwGuf surfing vkyfwJh wJhtcgrSm udk,fh&JU screen saver av;awGudk azmfjyay;yg
tcgrSm jrefqefvmwmudk &&Sdygvdrfhr,f/ vdrhfr,f/
20/'Shift eJY Escape' cvkwfawGudk wGJzufESdyfwJhtcgawmh 25/crome uae web page wpfck&JU source code awGudk
chrome browser &JU Task manager xJukd tjrefq;kH qdu k f vG,fvihfwul ul;,lzdkYtwGuf webpage rSm right click
a&mufygvdrhfr,f/ ESdyfjyD; view source code uae wpfqihf ul;,lvdkY &yg
w,f/ tJ'Daemuf "inspect element" qdkwmuawmh tJ'D
webpage udk jyifqifa&;om;zdkYyg/ Developer awG
twGuf tvGeftoHk;0ifwJh tool wpfck jzpfygw,f/
110 uGefysLwm*sme,f
uGeyf sLwmtaxGaxG
tab udk click ESdyfjyD; 'Make Google chrome my default 'show cookies' udk click ESdyfyg/ 'DxJurS individual
button' udk click ESdyfvdkuf½HkygyJ/ cookies udk click ESdyfjyD; zsufypfEdkifygw,f/
27/tEÅ & m,f & S d w J h 28/History, cache eJY browse vkyfxm;cJhwJh wjcm; tcsuf
cookies awG u d k tvufawGudk ypfcsifw,fqdk&if tools icon atmufrSm &Sd
zsufcsifw,fqdk&if wJh 'dear browsing data' udk click ESdyfjyD; zsufypfEdkifyg
awmh nmbufrSm w,f/
&S d w J h Tools> 29/wjcm;aom a&muf&SdoGm;vmcJhwJh webpage awGeJY rSwf
options>under
wrf;awGudk zsufcsifw,fqdk&ifvnf; 'clear browsing
the hood udk a&G;
data' udk click ESdyfjyD; zsufypfEdkifygw,f/
cs,fyg/ atmufudk
qif;vdkufjyD; 'se- 30/Browser history awGudk clear vkyfjyD; zsufypfcJhayr,fh
curity section' udk toHk;rsm;wJh? tzdk;wefwJh google udk,füu ,HkMunfwJh
a&G ; yg/ tJ ' D r S m page awGudkawmh jyefvnf ac:,lvdkY &ygw,f/
Gmail
Gmail twGuf script ig;ck
Enhance Gmail
Gmail box twGif;rSm vuf&Sd &SdaewJh mail box tjyif
google calendar udkyg aygif;xnfhay;rSm jzpfygw,f/ tJ'D
twGuf ud,k hf Gmail xJuaewpfqihf vkyif ef;vkyu
f ikd f aqmif
&Gufp&m &SdwmawGudk a&;jyD; rSwfom;xm;vdkY &Edkifygr,f/
'ghtjyif tckcsdefrSm toHk;r0ifawmhwJh 'invites' box udk
z,f&Sm;ay;r,fh scripts wpfck jzpfygw,f/
http://userscripts.org/scripts/show/13727
atmufwb
kd mv? 2008 111
uGeyf sLwmtaxGaxG
zdkif extension awGudk azmfxkwf today;rSmjzpfwJhtwGuf qDudk ydkYr,fh mail rSmvnf; vufrSwfeJYtwl ½kyfyHkuav;awG
pmrzwfcif attachment udk click rvkyrf cd ifrmS tvGef toH;k csdwfqufatmif vkyfxm;vdkY &&SdEdkifwJh script wpfck jzpfyg
0ifwJh tEÅ&m,f owday; script wpfckyg/ w,f/
http://www.userscripts.org/scripts/show/2419 http://www.userscripts.org/scripts/show/16839
Gmail insert HTML signature - script awGudk install vkyfzdkYtwGuf userscript account
wcsKdUudk,fhqDudk a&mufvmwJh mail awG&JU atmufajc wpfck&,f? greasemonkey add-ons manager &,f vdktyf
vufrw S af e&mawGrmS ½kyyf akH v;awGeYJ wGcJ sw
d f yg0ifwwfwmudk ygvdrhfr,f/
jrifzl;rSmaygh/ tJ'DvdkrsKd; udk,fhqDuae wjcm;vlwpfa,muf
13. Blog scriber awGuvJ feed awG twGuf Email csex f m;cJjh yD; mail
f hJ tcsuf (10) csuf
Blog ra&;cif odoihw box uaeom access vkyfrSm jzpfygw,f/ 'gaMumihf Feed
awG tvkyfvkyfzdkY odyfta&;MuD;ygw,fvdkY "www.feed-
udk,fh&JU pdwfcHpm;csufuav;awG udk tifwmeufxJu burner.com" udk oHk;pGJr,f qdk&if yxrqHk;taeeJY udk,fh&JU
oli,fcsif; taygif;toif;awGqDudk rQa0zdkY MudK;pm;Munfhcsif Feed udk ud,
k hf Email eJY t&ifq;kH prf;oyfMunfyh g/ aocsmjyD
aejyDvm;/ Blog pjyD; ydYk zYkd qH;k jzwfjyD;jyDvm; cPav; aevdu k f news awG u d k feed taeeJ Y ud k , f u vuf c H & jyD q d k j yD ;
ygOD;/ a[m'D ar;cGe;f av;awGukd t&ifzwfMunfjh yD;rS ud, k yf ikd f tqifajyygjyD/ aemufjyD; feed button udk blog atmufajcrSm
blog uav; wpfckudk tjypftemtqm uif;uif;eJY wnf ae&mrcszdkY tMuHay;yg&ap/ taumif;qHk;ae&mu nmbuf
aqmufMu&atmif/ sidebar acgif;pOfeJY reD;vGef;? ra0;vGef; &Sd&r,fhae&maygh/
wcsKdUawG uawmh banner tay:rSmudk ae&m csavh&ydS gw,f/
1/ browser rsK;d pHek JY prf;oyfjyv
D m;/
udk,fa&;om;xm;wJh blog [m browser rsKd;pHk IE, op- 3/ sitemap wdus&v UJ m;/
era, flock firefox, safari, chrome, gecko pwJh browser Sitemap uvJ ta&;MuD;wJhae&mrSmudk &Sdygw,f/
rsKd;pHt
k ay:rSm wifjyD; uJjG ym; jcm;em;wmawGukd ppfaMumMunfh Search engine awGrSm &SdwJh &SmazGa&; ,EÅ&m;awG[m tJ'D
rd&JU vm;/ 'g[m blogger orm; tawmf rsm;rsm;&JU t"dueJY sitemap awGuaewpfqihf olwdkY&JU engine xJudk tcsuf
trsm;qHk; usL;vGefwwfwJh trSm;wpfckygyJ/ rsm;aomtm;jzifh tvuf pkaqmif; jznfhqnf;wmrsKd; jzpfygw,f/ SEO eJY
vlwpfa,muf[m oltm;oefwhJ browser ay:rSmom prf;oyf ranking twGuf b,ft&mu ta&;MuD;qHk;vJqdkwmudk avh
avh &SdMuygw,f/ tJ'DrSmajym&&if browser wpfckcsif;&JU vmEdkifovdk vdktyfwJh tultnDawGvJ &EdkifwJh ae&mwpfck
image eJY text twGuf vufcHrIcsif;[m rwlnDygbl;/ 'g &Sdygw,f/ http://www .google.com/webmasters jzpfyg
aMumifh browsershots.org vdkrsKd; service awGeJY multiple w,f/
browsers awGay:rSm prf;oyfoHk;pGJjyD;rS blog udk vlodapwm
[m ydjk yD; aumif;ygw,f/ EdYk rYkd q&kd if jzpfavhjzpfwwfwt
hJ wdik ;f
4/ 'About' eJY 'contact' &JU tvkyv f yk yf kH aocsm&Jv
U m;/
banner awG&JU width eJY height awG tcsKd;tpm; rwlnDwm
awGupvdkY trSm;awG awGUvm&ygw,f/ Blogger wdkif;vdkvdk about eJY contact udk vspfvsL½Ird
wwfMuygw,f/ trsm;tm;jzifh 'default' page taeeJYyJ xm;
vdkufjyD; ta&;rMuD;vdkY ,lqxm;MuyHkygyJ/ Default about
2/ Feed awG tvkyv f yk &f v
UJ m;/ page [m rjynfr h 0 rulnED ikd yf gbl;/ 'g[m blogger twGuf
udk,fh&JU blog.com/feeds tJ'Duaewpfqihf udk,fh blog a&;Edkif&if a&;Edkifoavmuf 0ifaiG&&SdEdkifr,fh pmrsufESmESpfck
xJrSm&SdwJh owif;topfawGudk jzefYcsd&rSm jzpfygw,f/ Sub- jzpfygw,f/ wu,fvdkY about eJY contact rSmom blogger
112 uGefysLwm*sme,f
uGeyf sLwmtaxGaxG
&JU pmrsufESmwcsKdU &Sdraebl;qdk&if wjcm; advertising 8/ azmfjyr,fh taMumif;t&mawG tqifoihf &Sjd yv D m;/
aMumfjim&SifawGqDuae b,fvdkrsKd; 0ifaiG &&SdEdkifygawmhrvJ/ azmfjyr,fhtaMumif;t&m tqifoihf &Sd? r&Sd qdkwm[m
tenf;eJYtrsm;tay:rSm rlwnfaeovdk wpfcgwpf&H ukrÜPD
5/ Link awG tukev f ;kH udk ppfaq;jy;D jyD qdw
k m aocsmovm;/ MuD;awG vkyfwwfwJh a[mufvHk;awGeJYvJ oufqdkifwwfyg
w,f/ Oyrmtm;jzifh google qdkygawmh? olwdkYuae aMumfjim
Blog udk vTww f ifzYkdqw kd m[m vG,u f yl gw,f/ 'gayr,fh
vdkufw,f/ aemufxyf ESpfem&DtwGif;rSm google browser
udk,fhrSm&SdwJh blog xJrSm csdwfqufxm;wJh link awG tvkyf
udk download &EdkifygjyDqdkjyD; aMumfjimvdkufw,f/ tJ'DrSm
vkyfzdkYqdkwmuawmh odyfudk ta&;MuD;ygw,f/ about, con-
pwifjyD; vIyf&GoGm;awmhw,f/ wu,fhtrSefu aemufxyf
tact eJY wjcm; ta&;MuD;wJh link awG[m blog twGif;rSm
10 em&DrSom olwdkYbufu tqifoihf jzpfaerSmyg/ 'gu
csdwfqufjyD; tvkyfvkyfwm rSefuef&JUvm; rvdkvm;tyfwJh
wpfrsKd;yg udk,fhrSm&SdwJh taMumif;t&mawGu enf;enf;yJ &Sd
ae&mawGudk a&mufaeao;ovm;qdkwm ta&;MuD;ygw,f/
ovm;/ 'gqd&k if xyfpk aqmif;vdu k yf gOD;/ bmjyD;&if bmxnfh
r,fqw kd hJ 'schdule' udk blog awGxrJ mS pDpOfxm;vdYk&wJt
h wGuf
6/ Technorati vdk social bookmarking awGrmS aMumfjimEdik rf mS tavmwMuD;eJY posting rvTwfwifygeJY/ pdwfat; vufat;
vm;/ eJY trSm;enf;atmifom MudK;pm;yg/
blog wpfck[m b,fvdkenf;ynmrsKd;eJY taumif;qHk;
zGJUpnf;xm;wmjzpfygap vlrvm&if tvum;ygyJ/ vlvmzdkY 9/ udk,&fh JU emrnfudk b,fEaS ,muf odovJ/
qdkwm[mvnf; udk,hf blog udk vlodapzdkY vdkygw,f/ tck
wpfcgwavrSmawmh 'Dtcsuf[m toHk;r0ifygbl;/
aemufydkif;rSm acwfpm;vmwJh social network eJY book-
Techrun &JU blogger [m oli,fcsif; r&S?d bmr&Se
d YJ tysif;ajy
marking site awGrSm register vkyfjyD; aMumfjim&ygr,f/
a&;om;&if;eJY emrnfausmfoGm;&wmyg/ 'gayr,fh pnf;rsOf;
Stumple upon, delicious eJY Technorati wdkY[m olwdkY
t&awmh udk,foHk;pGJr,fh blog eJY acgif;pOf ('grSr[kwf)
udk,fwdkifawGvJ blog tvkyfudkvkyfovdk bookmarking
emrnf0Sufudk oHk;pGJjyD; forum awGeJY wjcm; blog awGrSm
tvkyaf wGuykd g ulnD vkyaf qmifay;avh &Syd gw,f/ 'gaMumihf
vIyf&Sm;jyD; emrnfudk vlodrsm;atmif vkyfaqmifapzdkY wdkuf
blogger [m olY&JU blog [m b,fvdk zGJUpnf;xm;jyD; b,fvdk
wGef;xm;ygw,f/ vlodrsm;jcif;[m tvkyfjyD;ajrmufaprI
taMumif;t&mrsKd;awG yHkrSefyg0ifaeygw,f qdkwmudk oGm;
wpfckudk jzpfvmEdkifygw,f/
a&mufjyD; aMumfjim armif;cwf&ygw,f/
atmufwb
kd mv? 2008 113
uGeyf sLwmtaxGaxG
rSeforQudk rSwfom;ay;xm;rSm jzpfygw,f/ wu,fvdkY
13. Desktop trsm;MuD; vdck sif&ifawmh cache yrmPudk wd;k jr§iafh y;xm;
Google desktop &JU pGr;f aqmifcsuf 10 &rSm jzpfygw,f/ tJ'v D kd rSwo
f m;xm;wJh page [m rl&if;
website uae rajymif;vJrcsif;udk t&G,ftpm; aeY&uf
tcsdef &ufpGJawGeJYudk rSwfom;ay;xm;rSm jzpfygw,f/
Google desktop [m tvGefvSywJh zGJUpnf;rIawGeJY
jyu©'def? em&DawGeJY wjcm; aumif;rGefwJh widget av; awGudk
&SmazGjyD; aygif;xnfhxm;vdkY &wJhtwGuf screen rSm rsufpd
yom' tvGef jzpfapygw,f/ http://desktop .google.com
uae tvG,fwul download &,lEdkifygw,f/ google
desktop rSm &SdwJh features awGxJu tvGef toHk;0ifwJh
vkyfaqmifcsuf uav;awG trsm;tjym; &Sdygw,f/
114 uGefysLwm*sme,f
uGeyf sLwmtaxGaxG
pdwyf sufjyD; desktop client wpfcu k kd oH;k zdYk rvdt
k yfygbl;/ w,f/ tJ'D twGuf 'mail' eJY twl ygvmr,fh attach-
google desktop uae ulnDay;Edkifygw,f/ google ment zdi k f awGukd PC ay:udk download vkyzf Ykd udk google
desktop index rSm Gmail udk ae&mcsxm;vdkY &ygw,f/ u rpDpOfygbl;/ tJ'Dvdk cGihfjyKray;wmaMumihf tEÅ&m,f
'gaMumifh offline jzpfaewJh tcsed rf mS awmif google desk- &Sw
d hJ file awG&UJ &efu umuG,jf yD;om; jzpfomG ;wJt h wGuf
top uae wpfqihf Gmail xJu pmawGudk zwf½IvdkY &yg aumif;rGefwJh function wpfck jzpfygw,f/
atmufwb
kd mv? 2008 115
uGeyf sLwmtaxGaxG
bart rSaejyD; qefz&efppöudkrSm usif;ycJhwJh "The Fall Joint
computer" jyyGJrSm pwif rdwfqufay;cJhygw,f/ tifwmeufo;kH pGJrI ½kww
f &uf Mu;D xGm;vm&wJth aMumif;&if;[m
bmygvJ/
tar&duef 'kwd,or®w t,fvf*dk;[m tifwmeufudk wDxGifcJh 1997 ckESpfrSm bGJ,lpmwrf;wpfckuae pwifcJhwJh
ygovm;/ Google &JU index zdkifuae pwifjyD; tifwmeufrSm oHk;pGJol
r[kwfygbl;/ 'gayr,fh wpfpdwf wpfydkif;taeeJYjzpfap? bDvD,HcsDjyD; ½kwfcsnf;wdk;yGm;vmcJhwm jzpfygw,f/
rxif&Sm;wJh uefYvefYumaemufuG,fuaejzpfap yg0ifcJhwJh
t,fv*f ;kd &JU aus;Zl;w&m;udk arhypfvYkd r&ygbl;/ bmjzpfvYkd vJ tifwmeuf&UJ yxrqH;k index zdik [
f m bmygv/J
qdak wmh ARPANET jzpfxeG ;f cJjh yD;wJh tcsed rf mS uGe*f &uf vTwf 'Archie' vdkY ac:ygw,f/ 1989 rSm peter Deutsch
awmfuae wpfqihf internet udk trsm;jynfol toHk;cscGihf pwifjyD; zefwD;cJhwmyg/ (tckvuf&Sd google browser udk
ay;zdkY wdkufwGef;cJhol jzpfygw,f/ xkwfa0wJhtcsdef rdwfqufay;wJh ½kyfjyZmwfvrf;) comic
stmip eJY zefwD;cJhwmyg/
tifwmeuftoHk;jyKolrsm;&JU ta&twGuf tMurf;zsif; rnfrQ&Sdyg
ovJ/ 'The web might be better than sex' [laom pum;vH;k udk
2004 ckESpf Dec txd aumuf,l &&SdcJhwJh pm&if;awGudk rnfol pwif oHk;pGJcJhygovJ/
tMurf;zsif; ppf,lvdkufwJhtcgrSm t*Fvdyf 35 &mcdkifEIef;? bob Metcalfe u 1995 ckESpfrSm pwifjyD; aemufajymif
w½kwftygt0if t*Fvdyfr[kwfaom ta&twGuf 65 &mcdkif oHk;pGJcJhwmyg/ tifwmeufudk tpGJtvrf;MuD;wJh tdrfaxmif
EIef;rQ oHk;pGJcJhMuygw,f/ wpfurÇmvHk; twdkif;twmeJY qdkyg onfawGtwGuf &nf&G,fygw,f/
vQif 13 &mcdkifEIef; oHk;pGJcJhMujyD; 2004 ckESpf ESpfukefydkif;rSm
vlOD;a&t& 812 oef;cefY &Syd gw,f/ ajrmuftar&duwdkuf&JU ISP' qdw
k m bmygv/J
70 &mcdkifEIef;aom ta&twGuf[m taMumif;trsKd;rsKd;jzifh TSP qdkwm 'internet service provider' udk ac:qdk
tifwmeufudk oHk;pGJMujyD; trsm;qHk; &mcdkifEIef; jzpfygw,f/ wmyg/ (jrefrmEdik if rH mS yk*w
H ,fvyD Ykd eYJ MPT wdYk [m ISP awGyJ
jzpfMuygw,f/)
tifwmeufoHk;pGJol trsm;qHk; EdkifiHudk azmfjyyg/
qG'D ifEikd if H jzpfygw,f/ Edik if w
H pfcv
k ;kH &JU 75 &mcdik Ef eI ;f [m ]pH} tqihf owfrw S x
f m;wJh 'http' qdw
k m bmygv/J
tifwmeufudk oHk;pGJMuygw,f/ 'http' qdkwm[m 'Hyper_Text_ Transfer_Protocol'
udk twdkaumuf ac:qdkwm
yg/ Protocol wpfckjzpfjyD;
tif w meuf v rf ; aMumif ;
wpfavQmuf jzwfoef;oGm;
vmEdkifygw,f/ ay;ydkYoleJY
vufco H El pS cf rk mS client pro-
gram ESpfck vdkygr,f/
116 uGefysLwm*sme,f
uGeyf sLwmtaxGaxG
5: vdt
k yfcsurf sm;udk object oriented ½Iaxmihrf S azmfxw
k jf cif;
118 uGefysLwm*sme,f
uGeyf sLwmtaxGaxG
pepfudk b,fenf;b,fyHk oHk;w,fqdk
wm owfrSwf azmfxkwf&ef jzpfw,f/
Use Case diagram qdkwm tESpfom&
tm;jzifhawmh event table udk csJUxGif
xm;wmygyJ/ Use case diagram wpfck
[m pepfu axmufyHh&r,fh vkyfief;
aqmifwmwpfcu k kd rSww
f rf;wif docu-
ment vkyf odr;f qnf;zdYk &m tqifajywJh
enf;vrf;wpfck jzpfw,f/ Mudrfzef
rsm;pGmqdkovdkyJ wpfckwnf;aom vTrf;
jcHK jynfhpHkwJh use case diagram eJY pepf
MuD; wpfckvHk;udk azmfjywmvnf; &Sd
w,f/ ydak o;aom use case diagrams
rsm; tpkeJY use case model udk zefwD; Sequence diagram erlemwpfck
jyKvkyfwmvJ &Sdygw,f/
0wfpHk ypönf;ta&mif;qdkif (RMO) &JU Customer order udk rSww
f rf;wif
Collaboration diagram &JU &nf&G,f business uses toH k ; jyKrI w pf c k u zdkY&m customer objects, inventory
&mu ay;xm;wJh business vkyfief; ]]azmufonf\ trSmudk rSwfom; xdef; objects tcsKdU? order object topf
aqmifwmwpfck aqmif&u G f jzpfajrmufzYkd odrf;jcif;}} jzpf&if collaboration dia- wpfck ponfwdkY vdkr,f/ xdk objects
&m b,f objects awG twlwuG yl; grams u ¤if;vkyfief;rSmygwJh objects rsm; tm;vH;k owfrw S af zmfxw k zf Ykd&m wpf
aygif;vkyfaqmif&ovJ owfrSwf azmf rsm; tm;vHk; owfrSwf azmfxkwfay; ckwnf;aom collaboration diagram
xkwfzdkY&myg/ Oyrmtm;jzifh tm;upm; w,f/ udk oH;k w,f/ xdv
k yk if ef;udk aqmif&u G zf Ykd
objects rsm;tMum; tjyeftvSef wHkY
Collaboration diagram erlemwpfck jyefrI odkYr[kwf messages awGvnf;
azmfjyay;w,f/ trsm;tm;jzifhawmh
pepfwpfckvHk; twGuf collaboration
diagram rsm;pGm vdktyfygw,f/
atmufwb
dk m? 2008 119
uGeyf sLwmtaxGaxG
jcm;em;csufu development enf;
vrf;rSm r[kwfygbl;/ toHk;jyKwJh mo-
del rsm; tpkwGifom uGmjcm;wmyg/
csOf;uyfenf;wpfckpDtwGuf SDLC u
wlnaD om phases tqifrh sm;&Syd gw,f/
Planning, analysis, design eJY im-
plementation awG jzpfygw,f/ Phase
tqihw f pfcpk t D vdu
k f vkyaf qmifz,G &f m
activities rsm;onfvnf; twlwlygyJ/
toHk;jyKwJh models rsm; tpkonfyJ
uGmjcm;jcif; jzpfygw,f/ Activities
twGi;f tvkyw f m0ef task wpfcck sif;u
awmh models wnfaqmufzdkY&m tm½Hk
pdkufvdkY uGJjym;&ygw,f/ Oyrmtm;jzifh
Statechart diagram erlemwpfck DFD udk aqmufr,hftpm; Analysts
[m interaction diagrams eJY state-
tay:rSatmufoYkd oGm;w,f/ Collabo- grams) + statechart Diagrams. charts awG wnfaqmuf&r,f/ Ob-
ration diagram eJY sequence diagram jynfhpHkaom requirements azmfjy ject-oriented csOf;uyfenf;twGuf
ESpcf pk vH;k udk interaction diagrams vdYk csuf ay;EdkifzdkY&m xdktrsKd;rsKd;aom dia- yHkwltMudK prototyping jyKvkyfrI yrm
&nfñTef;Muygw,f/ grams awG wpfce k YJwpfck axmufyyhH rkH sm; PeJY tqihfuawmh uGmjcm;Edkifw,f/
Application requirements a&SUqufazmfjyoGm;ygr,f/ 'gayr,fh b,fcsO;f uyfenf;twGurf qdk
twGufoHk;wJh aemufqHk; diagrams u 'Dae&mrSm xyfí ajymcsifwmu prototyping vk y f a qmif z G , f & m[m
awmh statechart digram jzpfygw,f/ tpOftvm structured approach eJY SDLC &JU wpfpdwfwpfydkif;jzpfygw,f/
Object wpfcc k sif;pD&UJ tajctae states object oriented approach tMum; yHkrSm structured csOf;uyfenf;eJY
eJY tjyKtrl behaviour udk jyw,f/
Object class wpfckpDrSm statechart
wpfck&Sdw,f/ Statechart xJrSm aemuf
qHk;ü tjyD;owfpepf&JU logic awG jzpf
vmr,fh vkyfaqmifrI azmfjycsuf ac-
tion statements awG ygw,f/ xdk
class wpfcck sif;pD&dS logic components
tpdwftydkif;awGudk methods awGvdkY
ac:ygw,f/
ck a ecgrS m xd k diagrams rsm;
tm;vHk; wpfckeJYwpfck rnfodkY qufET,f
aeonfudk rSwfrdzdkY MudK;pm;r,fhtpm;
atmufyg yHpk t
H wdik ;f yJ rSwrf ad tmif vkyf
yg/ OO requirements = Event Ta-
ble + Class diagram + Use Case dia-
grams + Interaction Diagrams (col-
laboration and/ or sequence dia-
120 uGefysLwm*sme,f
uGeyf sLwmtaxGaxG
object-oriented csOf;uyfenf;ESpfck azmfjyzdkY&m oHk;wJh diagrams odkYr[kwf tem u vkyfaqmifwmudk object-ori-
pvHk;twGuf requirements diagrams models awG tawmfMuD; uGmjcm;Muwm ented csOf;uyfenf;rSm use case qdkwJh
udk jyKvkyfay;wJh trsKd;rsKd;aom dia- ygyJ/ ,ck use cases, interaction tac:ta0:eJY oHk;w,f/ &nf&G,f&m
grams awG jyefí azmfjyay;xm;yg diagrams eJY state chart awG b,fvdk udp&ö yfwpfcktwGuf system udk toHk;
w,f/ ERD eJY class diagram [m rwl wnfaqmuf&r,fqdkwm qufí avh jyKwJh udpö case odkYr[kwf tajctae
wJh trSwftom; notation oHk;ayr,fh vmMuygpdkY/ situation udk use case wpfcktjzpf
bHw
k nl aD om oabmt,lawG a0rQ ydik f awG;MunfhEdkifw,f/ Oyrmtm;jzifh pmpD
qdkifxm;w,f/ Method ESpfcktMum; An Object-Oriented Use Case/ pmjyK word processing system wpfck
t"du jcm;em;csuf process 'grSr[kwf Scenario View udk pOf;pm;Munfhyg/ ¤if;udk use case
system activities awG udk,fpm;jyK Event wpfckudk wHkYjyef&if; sys- analysis vkyf&mrSm letter wpfapmif
a&;onf/ odkYr[kwf newsletter udk
azmufonfu w,fvzD ek ;f jzifh trSm ûyvkyo
f nf scenario y&ifhxkwfonf ponfuJhodkY trsKd;rsKd;
aom use cases awG owfrSwf azmf
xkwf&ygw,f/ 'D analysis rSm ta&;
MuD;wJh concepts ESpfck yg&Sdw,f/ (1)
vlyk*dK¾ vfwpfOD; yg0ifjcif;? (2) vlyk*dK¾ vf
u system udk toH;k jyKjcif;jzpfygw,f/
UML rSm yg0ifwJh vlyk*d¾Kvfudk actor
vdkY ac:w,f/ Actor [m system &JU
tvdt k avsmufvyk af qmifrI abmifuv
em; automation boundary &JU tjyif
bufrSmyJ tjrJ&Sdw,f/ Actor udk awG;
MunhfzdkY&m tjcm;enf;u yg0if&wJh
tcef; role jzpfw,f/ Word Process-
ing OyrmrSm tufaq;wpfyk'fa&;zdkY
word processor oHk;wJh student ac-
tor wpfO;D &SE d ikd w
f ,f/ aqmif;yg;wpfy'k f
udk wnf;jzwfzdkY word processor udk
oH;k wJh editor actor vnf; &SEd ikd yf gw,f/
vlyk*d¾KvfwpfOD;wnf;u roles rsm;pGmrS
yg0ifEdkifw,f/ Student, editor, pub-
lisher ponfrsKd; jzpfygw,f/ Oyrm
taeeJY RMO &JU create new order
use case rSm ta&mif;udk,fpm;vS,fxH
azmufonfu zke;f eJYwpfqihrf mS Mum;wm
yg0ifEdkifw,f/ tJ'Dtcg sales repre-
sentative u actor jzpfw,f/ tjcm;
wpfzufrSm azmufonfu tifwmeuf
ay:u wdkuf½dkuf atmf'grSmwmqdk&if
customer u actor jzpfvmygw,f/
yHkrSm use case wpfckudk rSwfwrf;
atmufwb
dk m? 2008 121
uGeyf sLwmtaxGaxG
tions" awG ygEdkifw,f/ xdkwpfqihfcsif;
pDudk xyfrHí owfrSwfazmfjyEdkifao;
w,f/ Flow of activities qdkwm use
case wpfcktwGif;u steps tqihfawG
&JU taxGaxG azmfjycsufygyJ/ udpö
trsm;pkrSm xdkazmfjycsufudk ydkíyif
tao;pdwf xyfusatmif csJUxGifzdkY vdk
w,f/ rMumcPqdo k vdk use case wpf
ckrSm a&G;p&m tpDtpOf enf;aygif;
rsm;pGmeJY twGif;ydkif; vkyfaqmifzG,f in-
ternal activities awG yg0ifEdkifw,f/
Oyrmtm;jzifh system eJY wHkYjyef quf
oG,faewm[m customer vm;? clerk
vm; qdkwmtay: rlwnfjyD; "Create
new order" use case rSm vkyf&rnfh
tasks tpDtpOf twdtusu uGJjym;
oGm;Edkifw,f/ wlnDaom use case rSm
rwlwJh sequence &Sdaer,f/ xdkrwl
aom sequence awGudk Zmwfvrf;pOf
scenarios vdkY ac:ygw,f/ 'gaMumifh
scenarios qd k w m use case wpf c k
twGi;f oD;oefYvrf;aMumif;cGJ wpfcjk zpf
aom internal activities rsm; tpkudk
owfrSwfazmfjyxm;jcif; jzpfygw,f/
azmufonfu 0ufbt
f rSm ûyvkyo
f nf scenario Use case wpfcktwGif; oD;jcm; udk,f
ydkifvrf;aMumif;wpfckudk udk,fpm;jyK
wifyHk jyxm;w,f/ ½dk;pif;aom wkwf udkom azmfjyw,f/ Use Case wpfck w,f/ RMO OyrmrSm 'Create new
acsmif;yHk vl½yk ef YJ actor ud,
k pf m;jyKw,f/ [m tay:tqihf tao;pdwfrusaom order' use case twGuf tenf;qHk;
k ½l yk yf rkH mS actor yg0ifwhJ tcef;u@
xdv vTr;f jcHKrdonfh azmfjycsujf zpfw,f/ Use Zmwfvrf;pOf scenarios ESpfck&Sdw,f/
role udk rSnfhac: trnfay;xm;w,f/ case wpfck jyD;ajrmufapzdYk &m tpOfvu kd f Scenario wpfckudk ]]azmufonfu
Use case udk,fEIdufudkawmh txJrSm vkyfaqmif&wJh oD;jcm;tqihfuav; w,fvDzkef;jzifh trSmjyKvkyfonf}} jzpf
¤if;&JU trnfeJY bJOyHk azmfjyxm;w,f/ awG yg0ifEdkifw,f/ xdkwpfqihfcsif;udk EdkifjyD; tjcm;wpfckudk ]]azmufonfu
Actors eJY use cases awGMum; rsOf; ZmwfaMumif; jyefajymjywJhtaeeJY flow 0ufbftrSmjyKvkyfonf}}[k ac:Edkif
vdkif;uawmh b,f actors awG? b,f of activities vdkY ac:Muw,f/ Use w,f/ atmufrSm Zmwfvrf;pOf ESpfck&JU
use cases awGrSm yg0ifovJ ñTefjyyg case wpfcktwGif; twGif;ydkif;tqifh tao;pdwfudk jyxm;w,f/
w,f/ internal steps 'grSr[kwf activities
awG azmfjyw,f/ "Create new Order" azmufonfrS w,fvzD ek ;f trSm
Scenarios use case twGuf t"dutqihfawGu jyKvyk jf cif;twGuf flow of activities
Use case wpfck[m actor wpfOD; "Record customer information", Main Flow
u uGeyf sLwm system jzifh wHYk jyef quf "Record order", "Process order azmufonfu RMO odkY zkef;ac:
oG,íf business activity aqmif&u G yf kH transaction" eJY "Produce confirma- um trSmpma&;ESifh pum;ajymonf/
122 uGefysLwm*sme,f
uGeyf sLwmtaxGaxG
trSmpma&;onfh azmufonf\ owif; checkvufcHr&rcsif; order qdkif;iHh azmufonfu aiGay;acsrI informa-
tcsufrsm; rSef rrSef ppfaq;onf/ xm;&onf/ tion a&;oGif;onf/ trSmudk vufcHjyD;
tu,fí yxrqHk;tMudrf azmufonf wJhaemuf tusOf;csKyf 0ufbfpmrsufESm
jzpf v Qif customer record topf azmufonfrS 0ufbftrSmjyKvkyfjcif; jyonf/ tusOf;csKyf tD;ar;vfudkvnf;
zefwD;onf/ azmufonfu atmf'g twGuf flow of activities azmufonfxH ydkYonf/ System [m
trSmtwGuf yxrqHk; item trnf Main Flow oufqikd &f m items trsK;d tpm; vdik ;f t&
awmif ; cH o nf / þonf u order azmufonfu RMO &JU home- vnf; order udk aqmufonf/
topfzefw;D zdYk &m cvkwjf zKwfay;onf/ page odYk qufo, G o
f nf/ Order page
pma&;onf xdk items u stock vuf \ Link odkY ESdyfum oGm;onf/ azmuf Exception condition
usef&Sdao;vm; ppfaq;jyD; trSm ta& onftopftaeeJY jzpf&if customer wpfcg rSmzl;jyD; azmufonfjzpfí
twGuf awmif;cHonf/ azmufonfu page topfoYkdomG ;jyD; vdt
k yfwhJ owif; password arhaecJhvQif billing infor-
items wpfcp kq
D ufí awmif;cHjyD; pma&; tcsufawG jznfhoGif;onf/ vQKdU0Suf mation topfeJY customer account
u ppfaq;um order wGif aygif;xnfh password vnf;ygonf/ aemuf sys- topf zefwD;&rnf/ Credit card u
onf/ aemufqHk;wGif azmufonfu tem u catalog pmrsuE f mS odYk links jzifh tusHK;0if rSefuefrI Validation udk
ay;acs&rnfh tcsufrsm; payment in- ydkYay;onf/ azmufonf[m catalog rausmfvTm;EdkifvQif check udk vufcH
formation udk awmif;onf/ pma&;u udk category eJY item tvdkuf &Smonf/ r&rcsif; order udk qdkif;iHhxm;&rnf/
ppfaq;onf/ Order udt k oih[ f k trSwf rSmp&mawGUwJhtcg "Add to shopping azmufonf[m 24 em&DtwGif; order
tom;jyKjyD; scenario jyD;qHk;onf/ cart" button udk ESdyfjyD; item udk cart qD jyefoGm;jyD; jyifcsif&m jyifEdkifonf/
odkY aygif;xnfhonf/ tm;vHk; aygif;
Exception Conditions xnfhjyD;wJhtcg rSmxm;wJh items awG Use Case Diagram
Item u vufusef stock wGif jyefvnf ½Ijrif oHk;oyfzdkY display jyefjy Use case diagram qdkwm ac-
r&SdvQif azmufonfonf ¤if;udk rrSm ay;onf/ azmufonfu b,f item tors eJY use cases awG taMumif;
awmh&ef a&G;Edkifonf/ azmufonf\ rqdk ajymif;Edik af o;onf/ 'Daemuf sys- owif;tcsufawG tusOf;½Hk; azmfjy
Credit u ,HkMunfzG,f raumif;vQif tem u aiGay;acszdkY&m form jyonf/ aom yHkjy model jzpfw,f/ Use case
analysis jyKvkyfzdkY&m system udk wpfck
vHk;taejzifh Munfh&jyD; pepfudk t"du
toHk;jyKrIrsm;tm;vHk; owfrSwf azmf
xkwfzdkY&m MudK;pm;&w,f/ xdktjyKtrl
awG[m yHkrSeftm;jzifh event table
twGif; owfrSwfcJhaom business
events awGrS qif; ouf vm w,f/
Use case yHkjyum;csyfudk tjcm; wpf
enf; vSnfhawG;Ekdifwmu pepfwpfckvHk;
&JU vkyfaqmifrI functional azmfjycsuf
jzpfygw,f/ System topfu axmuf
yHah y;&r,fh vkyif ef;aqmifwm function
udk owfrSwf azmfxkwfay;ygw,f/
aemufvrSm Use case diagram
taMumif; tao;pdwf qufí wifjy
ay;oGm;ygr,f/
Modula-2
atmufwb
dk m? 2008 123
Preview
atmufwb
dk m? 2008 125
Preview
126 uGefysLwm*sme,f
Preview
atmufwb
dk m? 2008 127
1989 ckEpS f Jordan Mechner &JU rlv Prince of Persia rSmwke;f u tvGeq
f ;kH
ajymEkid v
f S tcsed ef m&Djzifh tajy;jyKd i&f wJh side-scrolling, platforming action rQomyg/
aemufwpfq,fah v;ESpt
f Mum Ubisoft &JU csKyu
f idk fMu;D pk;d rI atmufü Prince of
Persia udk opfvGifvwfqwfaom pdwfvIyf&Sm;p&m pGefYpm;cef; *drf;odkY
ajymif;ay;cJhw,f/ PoP [m r,HkEkdifp&m uRrf;bm;tpGrf; acrobatics tcsdefudk
aemufjyefoGm; EdkifpGrf;ESifh jyif;xef Murf;wrf;aom wkdufyGJrsm;[k xyfxljyK
em;vnfvm&w,f/ Sands of Time rS onf pD;&D; oH;k ckwidk cf yhJ gw,f/
Preview
130 uGefysLwm*sme,f
Preview
atmufwb
dk m? 2008 131
uGeyf sLwmoifcef;pm
,ckoifcef;pmwGif Frame wpfckudk Title window xJwGif #BOA272) Inner Stroke rS Fill ae&mwGif Bevel udk
pdwfwkdif;uszefwD;jyD; video file twGif;xnfhum yHkwpfck a&G;jcif;tm;jzifh oH;k zufjriftem;vkid ;f yHpk H &&Sv
d mygrnf/
ay:wGif yHw
k pfcx
k yfí vkyaf qmifEidk af om Effect yHpk u
H kd jyKvkyf tvif;tarSmif ta&mifrsm; twdtus&&eftwGuf
oGm;rSmjzpfygw,f/ HSB (H : Hue, S: Saturation, B: Brightness) Color
1/ 1. Adobe premiere pro 2.0 xJoYkd0ifí project topf udk toHk;jyKjcif; jzpfygw,f/
wpfck ,lxm;ay;yg/ File > New > Title <F9> udk 3/ Stroke wefzdk;rsm;xJrS lit pmom; check box udk
a&G;yg/ Title dialog box usvmygu "Frame title" trSefjcpf jzKwfay;yg/ tem;vkdif;tpGef;rsm;wGif ydkrdk
emrnf½dkufxnfhay;yg/ Rectangle tool udka&G;í vif;vmonfudk awGY&ygrnf/
screen tjynfhqGJay;yg/ atmufygwefzdk;udk Title
properties panel wGif ½dkufxnfhay;yg/
2/ 2. Title styles panel xJwGif Fill pmom;a&SU&Sd Check 4/ Frame tem;vkdif;rsm; azmif;<uyHkpHjzpfcsifygu Tube
Box wGif trSefjcpf jzKwfay;yg/ Stroke a&SU&Sd jrm;wGif wGif trSefjcpfudk xnfhay;yg/
ESdyfí inner stroke xnfh&ef Add button wGif click
ESdyfyg/ Inner stroke wefzdk;rsm;udk azmfjyygtwkdif;
½dkufxnfhay;yg/
Type : Edge , Size : 40 , Fill Type : Bevel , High-
light Color : 47, 35,100 (HSB, Golden Color # FFE
CA6)
5/ Title > Templates <Ctrl +J > udka&G;yg/ Title tem-
Highlight Opacity :100
plate dialog box usvmygvdrfhrnf/ Arrow button
Shadow Color : 47, 35, 69 (HSB, Brown Color menu wGif click ESdyfí save frametitle as Template
132 uGefysLwm*sme,f
uGeyf sLwmoifcef;pm
udk a&G;yg/ Template emrnfwpfckowfrSwfí OK 8/ ac:xnfhxm;aom video file ukd video 2 track xJodkY
wGif click ESdyf/ User Templates folder atmufwGif qGJxnfhay;yg/ Project panel xJrS Sequence 01 udk
Title Template wpfck&&Sdvmygvdrfhrnf/ txufyg video 1 track xJodkY qGJxnfhyg/
vkyfaqmifcsufjzifh custom Template rsm;udk zefwD;
Ekdifygonf/ Close button wGifESdyfí Template xJrS
xGufay;yg/
atmufwb
kd m? 2008 133
uGeyf sLwmoifcef;pm
11/ vIyf&Sm;rIwpfckudk qufvufjyKvkyfyg/ Video 2 track
rS Sequence 01 file udk select vkyfay;yg/ Home
key ESdyfí Edit line udk a&SUodkY a&TUxm;ay;yg/ Effect
Controls rS Scale ae&mrS Toggle animation but-
ton wGifESdyfí keyframe xnfhay;yg/
134 uGefysLwm*sme,f
Word Annoyance
pdwt
f aESmift
h ,Sujf zpfp&m Word jyóem
136 uGefysLwm*sme,f
tu,fí Reveal Formatting task pane wGif rnf mended option for" settings onf Options List twGi;f rS
onfh formatting udk toHk;jyKEdkifrnfudk tao;pdwf vHkvHk oifhavsmfonfh boxes rsm;udk word vdk ppfaq;,laponf/
avmufavmufjyrvmcJyh gvQif Levit ESihf James wkYd\ Cross WordPerfect document tqkdyg settings rsm; ae&m
Eyes udk prf;oHk;Mu&rnf/ (http:www.levitjames.com/ wusjzpfjyD;aemuf xyfrí H zGiMhf unh&f ygrnf/ jyóemt&if;cH
crosseyes/CrossEyes.html). Figure 4-6 wGif CrossEyes udk cGJjcm; odjrifvQif Option dialog box udk aemufwpfMudrf
u formatting tao;pdwftm;vHk;udk jyay;onf/ Docu- jyefac:jyD; check trSwftom; odkYr[kwf uncheck trSwf
ment \atmufajc&Sd pane wpfcw k iG f yHyh ;kd aqmif&u
G af y;onf/ tom;udk jyKvkyaf y;&onf/ prf;oyf avhvmcsuw f pfck jzpfae
apygvdrfhr,f/ vkyf&vG,fulcJhygu okdYr[kwf rdrdajymif;xm;
aom WordPerfect document udk ydkjyD; udkifwG,fEdkifvQifyif
prf;oyfavhvm&usKd; eyfoGm;apygvdrhfrnf/
Figure 4-6
CrossEyes rS rnfonfh formatting jzpfonfukd twdtus
uGuwf jd zpf&jcif;onf document wpfc\
k rnfonfh tpdwf
tydik ;f udk toH;k jyKxm;onfukd azmfjyay;onf/
Formatting vkyif ef;pOfwiG f Word ESihf WordPerfect onf/ tqdk;qHk;rSm Layout tajctaeyg ysufjym;jcif;jzpf
rnfonfh twGuaf Mumifh jiif;qefrI &Sad e&oenf;/ onf/
Word ESihf WordPerfect rsm;xJrS version trsm;pkonf Fix
formatting udp& ö yfrsm;tay:wGif oabmuGvJ rJG aI wG &Sad ecJyh g yxrqHk; rnfonfh trSm;t,Gif;aMumifhenf;[k &SmazG
onf/ taMumif;rSm formatting twGuf toH;k jyKonfh mark- rdaumif; &SmazGxm;rdygvdrrfh nf/ vufczH wf½o I \
l uGeyf sLwm
ing rsm; uGJjym;jcm;em;aeMuvdkYyifjzpfonf/ WordPerfect wGif rdrdtoHk;jyKxm;onfh font r&Sdojzifh tjcm; font rsm;
taejzifh document wpfckudk tprStqHk; characters rsm;udk tpm;xkd; zGifhjyonfvm;[k tajz&SmMunhfwmrsKd;udk qkdvkdyg
pOfqufrjywf pD;qif;ap&efom pOf;pm;ay;onf/ tqkdyg onf/ tpm;xdk;onfhudpt ö wGuf rwlnDaom space twkdif;
pD;aMumif;twGif; oifhavsmfaom ae&mrsm;wGif formatting twmrsm; &SdcJhyguvnf; Layout tajctaeajymif;vJoGm;
codes rsm;udk wGu J yfay;cJoh nf/ Oyrmtm;jzifh WordPerfect Ekdifygonf/ ESpfckpvHk;aMumifhvnf; ydkjyD; aomua&mufapEdkif
wpfct k wGi;f u Word wpfcu k kd bold jzifh &Sad eapcJv
h Qif blod- ygonf/
on code wpfck? pum;vHk;\ pmvHk;rsm;ESifh bold-off code tqkyd gudptö wGuf ESpcf v
k yk Mf unhEf ikd yf gonf/ yxrwpfck
wkYdtm;vH;k onf text stream wpfcw k nf;twGi;f rSm &Sad eaprnf rSm rdrdtaejzifh vufcHolxHwGif rdrd fonts rsm; r&Sdavmuf[k
jzpfonf/ wGufqjyD; fonts rsm;yg toifhxnhfay;vdkufjcif; jzpfonf/
Formatting wGif Word taejzifh rwlnDonfhtjrifrsKd; Oyrmtaejzifh Arial, Time News Roman ESifh Tahoma
&Sdaeonf/ Word twGif; document wpfckpDonf section uJhodkY fonts rsm;rSmrl vlwkdif;wGif &SdaewwfjyD; usef fonts
vdkuf? paragraph tvdkufESifh character ,lepftvkduf wnf trsKd;tpm;rSm raorcsm &Sdaewwfonf/ 'kwd,wpfckrSm
aqmufxm;onf/ Word document wpfck\ text onf embed vkyfay;onfhenf; jzpfonf/
plain text taejzifh ykí d aomfvnf;aumif;? avsmí h aomfvnf; 1/ Tools udk a&G;í Option udk oGm;um Save tab udk
aumif; saved vkyx f m;jyD; jzpfonf/ Default section break click vkyyf g/
twGif;&Sd property table wpfckwGif file \ atmufydkif; 2/ rdrd document wGiftoHk;jyKonfh TrueType fonts rsm;
wpfae&mpDtwGuf formatting vkyf odr;f xm;onf/ (tu,f tm;vHk;\ character set tjynfhtpHkudk embed vkyf&ef
í document wpfckonf Section rsm;jzifh cGJjcm;xm;cJhygu ' Embed TrueType fonts' ukd ppfaq;Munhfyg/
Section wpfckpD\ property table onf Section \ tqHk; 3/ Character sets tjynht f pHk embed vkyjf cif;tm;jzifh file
owfwGif rSwfom;xm;aom section break twGif; odrf;
qnf;xm;wwfygonf/) Formatting \ ae&mcsxm;rIonf
text twGi;f oifah vsmo f nfah e&mrsm;wGif pointers udk toH;k jyK vuf wkYd t nTe;f
í odrf;qnf;xm;onf/ rnfuJhodkYaom taMumif;aMumifh
jzpf&oenf;[lrl Word document wpfco k nf ysupf ;D ,d,k iG ;f WordPerfect document wpfcu k kd Word version tjzpf
vmjyDqkdygu formatting onf odom xif&Sm;pGm a&GUvsm; ajymif;,lxm;cJhvQif conversion options rsm;udk n§pf
oGm;wwfouJhodkY tm;vHk; twlwuG aysmufuG,fívnf; xkwf,ljyD;aemuf vufcHavmufonfxuf avsmhenf;pGm
oGm;Ekdifygonf/ &SdaeqJjzpfjyD; WordPerfect odkY access vkyfqJ jzpfae
Property tables rsm;onf formatting txajrmufjcif; apum WordPerfect twGi;f document udk zGijhf yD; Rich
twGuf ydkíxda&mufrI jyKay;Edkifaponf/ odkYaomf docu- Text Format (RTF) jzpfaomfvnf;aumif;? HTML for-
ment stream wGif ½dk;½dk;yHkpHjzifh rjrifEkdifay/ Code jzifh xnhf mat jzifhaomfvnf;aumif; save vkyfxm;ay;onf/
xm;onfhyHkpHtaejzifhom awGU&rnf/ Word ESifh WordPer- Word onf tqkdyg formats rsm;udk ydkí wdwdusus
fect wdYk wiG f formattings enf;vrf;wpfcpk u D kd tjcm;enf;vrf; zwfEkdifpGrf;&Sdaumif; &Sdygvdrhfrnf/ odkYaomf rdrdtaejzifh
odkY bmomjyefay;r,fhvkyfief; vkyfay;Edkifonfh convert- WordPerfect \ advanced formats rsm;ESifh features
ers rsm; yg&Sdonf/ odkY&mwGif tifrwef ½IyfaxG;onfh for- rsm;awmh RTF odkYr[kwf HTML twGif; qHk;½IH;oGm;Edkif
matting udpr ö sm;udkrl rukdifwG,fapay/ p&mtaMumif; &Sdonf/
138 uGefysLwm*sme,f
size u tqrwef MuD;oGm;Edkifygonf/ rdrd document Fix
udk zwf½Ioltaejzifh wnf;jzwf,lrnfh vkyfief;&SdrSom Word onf Genenic/Text Only printer wpfcE k iS t
hf wl
jyKvkyfoifhonf/ "Embed Characters in use only" y&ifx h wk &f ef wpfenf;enf;jzifh set vkyx
f m;avh&odS nf/ Fig-
box wGif check trSwftom;vkyfjyD; omreftqifhjzifh ure 4-8 wGif jrifawGU&ouJo h Ykd tvm;wl tusK;d quf &&So d mG ;
vkyfaqmifjcif;onf azmif;yGrI avsmhusoGm;aponf/ rdrd cJhjcif;jzpfonf/ Dotmatrix printer wpfckvdk uefYowfrI
taejzifh Word 2003 okdYr[kwf Word XP udk toHk;jyK tajctae&So d nfh y&ifwmrsK;d qkyd gu ydí k tcuftcJ&EdS idk o
f nf/
cJhvQif Do not embed common system fonts box File rSwpfqifh Print odkY oGm;í Print dialog box
wGif trSwftom;vnf; jyqkdvkdygvdrhfrnf/ þenf;jzifh twGif;&Sd Name drop-down list udk click vkyf,ljyD; wjcm;
rdrdrdwfaqGwGif tqkdyg fonts &&SdoGm;apEdkifonf/ printer wpfckudk a&G;,lvdku close udk ESdyfay;vdkuf&onf/
4/ OK udk ESdyfyg/ Document qDodkY jyefoGm;jyD; Font drop-down list udk
5/ Document udk Save vkyjf yD; rdrt
d ;D ar;vfuwpfqifh rykYd rD jzpfap? Font dialog box ukjd zpfap zGiphf pfaq;Munfyh g/ rdr\d
file t&G,ftpm;udk ppfaq;Munhf½Iyg/ tu,fíom fonts rsm; tm;vHk; jyef&aejyD; jzpfygvdrhfrnf/
fonts wpfyHkwpfyif toHk;jyKxm;jyD; toHk;jyKorQudk em-
bedded vkyfay;vkdufrnfqkdygu MuD;rm; av;vHjyD; vuf wkYd t nTe;f
tD;ar;vfwGif o,faqmif&ef tcuftcJ &SdoGm;Ekdifapyg
onf/ wjcm;toHk;jyKol odkYr[kwf macro wpffck r&SdcJhvQif Ge-
neric/ Text Only printer odYk r[kwf Word twGi;f Lim-
rdrd\ fonts tm;vHk;udk Word rS cif;usif;ay;jcif; ited printer udk a&G;xm;jyD; &Sdaewwfonf/ tcGifhtvrf;
Annoyance rSm ydpD\ default printer taejzifhom wnf&Sdaeaprnf
Fonts tajrmuftjrm; install vkyfxm;cJhonf/ odkY&m jzpfonf/ default printer udk ajymif;&ef Start rSwpfqifh
wGif Word rS drop-down lists ESifh font dialog box rS 10 Printers and Faxes okdY oGm;jyD; oufqkdifonfh printer
cpi, 12 cpi ESifh 17 cpi [lí t&G,ftpm;oHk;rsKd;twGif; De- udk right-click vkyfjyD; Set as Default Printer tjzpf
vice Font om cGifhjyKvmygonf/ rdrdtaejzifh cpi qko
d nfrmS a&G;cs,fay;&efom &Sdonf/
character per inch [k t"dyÜm,faygufygonf/ odkYaomf
þodkYjzpfrvmay/ rdrd fonts rsm;udk word jzifh rnfodkY quf
Print dialog box twGif;rS Name drop-down list
oG,af qmif&u
G rf jI yKap&efneT Mf um;&rnfukd rodjzpfaeygonf/
onf wjcm; printers rsm; ryg&SdcJhygu Start rSwpfqifh
Printers and Faxes odkY oGm;um Add a Printer udk Printer
Task List twGi;f wGif &Smí ESy
d ,
f &l onf/ (tu,fí Printer
and Faxes item udk start menu wGif r&SdcJhygu Start rS
wpfqifh Control Panel odkYoGm;jyD; Printer and Other
Hardware udk ESdyfum Printer and Faxes qkdonfhae&mudk
click vky,f &l rnf) Add Printer Wizard rS rnfonfh printer
trsKd;tpm;udk rqkd vufcHxnhfoGif;ay;rnf jzpfonf/
tu,fí odkYwkdif fonts rsm; rjyvmao;cJhygu Fonts
Folders udk taotcsm ppfaq;,l&awmhrnf/ tvG,fqHk;
enf;vrf;rSm Start rSwpfqifh control panel odkY oGm;í
Appearance and Themes udk a&G;um Fonts udk ESdyf,l&yg
Figure 4-8
Font drop-down list wGif fonts rsm; aysmufaecJv
h Qif rnf/ tu,fí xkdae&mwGifyif fonts rsm; aysmufqHk;vsuf
omreftm;jzifh tqkyd g udpo
ö nf Generic/Text Only printer &Sdaeyguvnf; jyefí install vkyf&efom &Sdawmhonf/
jzifh install vkyx
f m;onf[k t"dymÜ ,foufa&mufaeaponf/ qufvufazmfjyygO;D rnf/
Photoshop Tutorial
tqifh (1)
tqifh (2)
140 uGefysLwm*sme,f
uGeyf sLwmoifcef;pm
tqifh (4)
45 px avmuf&Sdr,fh soft eraser brush udk ajymif;udkif
ygw,f/ bJOyHak tmufyikd ;f wpf0ufrmS xm;jyD; shift key ESyd í
f
tay:atmuf qGJygw,f/ Selection jzKwfygw,f/ yHkyg
twkdif; jzpfvmr,f/
tqifh (5)
t&dyfuav; xGufaecsifw,f/ Layer topfjyKvkyfjyD;
teufa&mifeYJbOJ yHu
k kd button &JU atmufrmS qGyJ gw,f/ Filter
> Blur> Gaussian Blur udk oGm;jyD; radius wefzkd; 7.5 px
avmuf xm;ygw,f/
tqifh (3)
Photoshop Tutorial
tqifh (6)
Arial font, 6 pt eJY tjzLa&mif Home qdkwJh pmom;½dkuf
ygw,f/ Move tool udk a&G;? Alt ESdyfxm;&if; drag qGJum
pmom; text udk yHkwlyGm;ygw,f/
tqifh (8)
t&dyfyHkjzpfatmif vkyf&r,f/
tjcm;enf;rsm;pGm&Sad yr,fh tvG,f
qHk;enf;yJ ajymvdkufawmhr,f/
Layers palette u aumfyDyGm;
xm;wJh Type Layer tuGut f ay:
tqifh (7) right-click ESdyfjyD; Resterize
Type udk a&G;ygw,f/ jyD;rS Eraser tool udk udkifum vkd
yGm;xm;wJh pmom; layer udk yHkoGif;ajymif;zdkY Edit > oavmuf zsufí t&dyfyHkay:apygw,f/
Transform > Flip Horizontal udk oGm;ygw,f/ aemuf Edit
> Transform > Rotate 180º udk a&G;ygw,f/ tqifh (9)
pmom;awG ajymif;xnfh/ ta&mifajymif;csif&if Gradi-
ent overlay rSm
ajymif;ay;½HkygyJ/
142 uGefysLwm*sme,f
uGeyf sLwmoifcef;pm
Photoshop jzwfvrf;enf;rsm;
tqifh «3»
Ctrl + J eJY Layer udk yGm;yg/ xkdyGm;xm;aom Layer
ouf0ifaeygap/ Filter > Stylize > Find Edges udk ac:yg/
tqifh «4»
tJ'aD vmuftxd½;kd pif;ygw,f/ ,ck oif[m rlv back-
ground layer qDoGm;jyD; Image > Adjustments > Bright- tqifh «2»
ness & Contrast eJY ydkí pkdjynfawmufyaom cHpm;rI&atmif Ctrl + J eJY Layer udk t&ifyGm;yg/ yGm;xm;wJh tay:qHk;
csdefnd§Edkifygw,f/ Layer udk rsufvHk;rSdwfjyD; ydwfvkdufyg/ Layers palette rSm
atmufu e*dkrlv layer udk ouf0ifatmif vkyfyg/ Filter>
Blur> Smart Blur okdY oGm;yg/ ay:vmwJh dialog box rSm
quality udk High, mode udk Edge only xm;yg/ ½kyfyHk&JU
aumufaMumif;tem;pGef; owfrSwfzdkY&m Radius eJY Thre-
144 uGefysLwm*sme,f
uGeyf sLwmoifcef;pm
shold upm;&r,f/ ckerlemtwGufawmh atmufyg settings
rsm; xm;w,f/
tqifh «3»
Ctrl + I ESdyfjyD; Invert vkyy
f g/ Filter > Artistic > Cut-
out okdY oGm;yg/ erlem settings rsm; azmfjyay;xm;ayr,fh
oifhyHktwGufawmh oifhawmfovdk upm;Munhfyg/
lustration vdkcsifwmqkd&if Gaussian Blur tpm; Smart
Blur eJY Normal mode wdkYjzifh prf;MunhfEkdifygw,f/)
tqifh «5»
þrQtxd ½d;k pif;ygw,f/ Ctrl + E eJY Layers awG merge
vkyfjyD; Image > Adjustments > Brightness & Contrast
eJY csdefnd§Edkifygw,f/ (ta&mifawmufvGef;? arSmifvGef;jzpf&if
tqifh (2) eJY (3) okdY oGm;jyD; Lines azmfwm enf;atmif
avQmh,lyg/)
jzwfvrf;enf;omjzpfvYdk pdw&f n
S v
f uf&n S f pdwMf udKufa&;
qGJzefwD;aom wu,fh cel-shaded illustration udk r,SOf
tqifh «4» Edik w
f muawmh 0efc&H ygr,f/ wu,fh pro awGtwGuf enf;u
Layers palette rSm tay:qHk;u yGm;xm;wJh Layer jyef oD;jcm;&Syd gw,f/ erlem cel-shaded graphics tcsKUd udk azmfjy
zGijhf yD; ouf0ifatmifvnf;vkyyf g/ Filter > Blur > Gaussian ay;vdkufygw,f/
Blur odkY oGm;í tao;pdwfawG a&maxG;oGm;aponftxd
wefzkd;rsm; ay;Munhfyg/
146 uGefysLwm*sme,f
uGeyf sLwmoifcef;pm
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
pmydk'frsm;tMum; vdkif;tpdyf pmydk'ftwGif;rS vdkif;rsm; (pm At least onf tqifajyqHk; twdtus (Exactly)
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
tusu J kd csed n f j§d cif; aMumif;) rsm;\ tpdyftusJ jzpfygrnf/ A: tuGufwGif
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 Exactly onf vdkif;
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
Documents rsm;wG i f ud k oif vd kt yfo vdk
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121csdefn d§ oif h pd w fMud Kuf tpd y ft usJ tpd y f t usJ u d k twd t us
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
pmydk'frsm; oHk;&mü pmydk'f ay;Edkifonf/ udk csdefxnfhay;Edkifonf/ owfrSwfay;jcif; jzpfonf/
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
wpfckESifh wpfckudk ra&map
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
&ef ae&m tenf;i,f jcm;& wpfaMumif;pm (Single)
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
ygonf/ txl;ojzifh pD;yGm; Single onf vdkif;rsm;
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
a&; vk y fi ef; oH k; ay;pmrsm;? ukd eD
; uyfpmG &daS eapjyD; vdik ;f
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
tpD&ifcpH mrsm;wGif jzpfonf/ tuGmta0; tenf;qHk;udk
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
¤if ; twG u f Paragraph ,l x m;onf / pmzwf &
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
dialog box udk zGiy hf g/ ¤if;\ tqif a jyjyD ; pm&G u f w G i f
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
atmuftkyfpk Spacing wGif pmaMumif;rsm; ydkrdk 0ifqhHyg
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
ESifh After: tuGuf onf/
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
Before:
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
rsm;udk awGU&ygrnf/ tqdyk g
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
tuGuw f iG f oifxm;vdo k nfh wpfaMumif;cGpJ m (1.5 lines)
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
tuGmta0;udk ½dkufxnfhyg/ 1.5 lines onf pm
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
¤if; tuGmta0;rSm vufr aMumif; wpfqcGJpmjcm;aom
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
jzifh r[kwfbJ ydGKifh (point) aMumifh tenf;i,f usJae
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
jzifh jyonfudk owdjyKyg/ onfukd awGU&ygrnf/ Munhf
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
72 point onf wpfvufr í aumif;aom pmaMumif;
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
ESifh 36 point onf vufr rsm; jzpfonf/
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
0uf jzpfonf/ odkY&mwGif
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
pmykd'ftuGmta0;udk tenf; ESpaf Mumif;pm (Double)
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
i,fom xm;wwfMuonf/ Double onf pm
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
Oyrmtm;jzifh 3 points odkY aMumif; ESpfqpm jcm;aom
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
r[kwf 5 point jzpfonf/ aMumifh vdkif;rsm; tawmf usJ
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
acgif;pD;rsm;twGufrl aeonfudk awGU&jyD; Munhf
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
pmyd k ' fESifh ydkí ae&m jcm; & tqifajyrnf r[kwfyg/
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
wwfygonf/ rdrdwdkY tawGU odkY&mwGif pmoifol q&m
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
tMuHKay: rlwnfjyD; rnfrQ rsm;? pmjyifolrsm;ESifh t,f'D
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
xm;oifo h nfukd odvmMuyg wmrsm;twGuf &Sif;vif;pGm Paragraph wpfct
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 k wGi;f pmaMumif; odrYk [kwf vdik ;f rsm;\
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
vdrfhrnf/ zwfEdkifygrnf/ Mum;ae&m tpdyt
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 f usu J kd csed n
f a§d y;Edik of nf/ ,ck pmyd'k f qifwl ESpcf u k kd
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
vG w f w G i f pma&;om;Ed k i f
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 rwl n a
D om settings ESp r
f sK;
d jzif
h jrif
& yg rnf / 'by' [l a om
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
vdik f; (pmaMumif;) rsm;tMum; onf/ pum;vH;k rSwpfyg; usepf mvH;k rsm;udk 11 points jzifh ½du k xf m;
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
vdik ;f tpdyt f usu J kd csed n
f j§d cif;
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 onf/ 'by' onf 24-point jzpfonf/
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
Paragraph box \ tenf ;qH ;
k (At least)
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 tay: rS pmyd'k wf iG f (Line spacing:) 'At least' option ESifh
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
atmuf e m;wG i f Spacing oifonf pmaMumif; (At:) wGif '12 point' udk oH;k xm;í by' pmvH;k onf
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
tk y fp ku dk awG U &ygrnf / ¤if ; rsm;twG if; pmvHk; t&G,f Mu;D aeaomfvnf; pmyd'k w
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
f iG f taeawmf jzpfaeonf/ Munf&h
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
nmbufwGif Line spac- tpm; (font size) trsKd;rsKd; tqifajyonf/
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
ing: tuGu& f oSd nf/ tqdyk g udk oHk;xm;ygu odkYr[kwf atmufrS pmyd'k w f iG f 'Exactly' option udk oH;k xm;aomaMumifh
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
tuGufrsm;udk toHk;jyKjyD; yHkrsm;udk a&mxnfhxm;ygu 'by' pmvH;k onf jywfaeum pmaMumif;rsm;tMum;odYk 0ifaeonf/
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
atmufwb
dk m? 2008 147
uGeyf sLwmoifcef;pm
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
¤if;udk oHk;vQif ab;rS A: wpfenf;tm;jzifh tqdkyg
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
tuGufwGif point rnfrQ acgif;pD;onf aemuf pmrsuf
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
csJrnfudk ½dkufxnfhay;&yg ESmxdyfwGif &dS&ygrnf/ xdkodkY
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
rnf/ aom tcuf t cJ r sKd ; wG i f
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
page break (Ctrl+Enter)
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
trs m;tj y m; (Multiple) udk oH;k Edik yf gonf/ odYk &mwGif
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
Multiple onf vdkif; oifonf pmydk'fwpfydk'fjyD;
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
wpf v dkif;csif;\ tpdyftusJ wdik ;f ppfaq;ae&rnfh tvkyf
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
udk &mcdkifEIef;jzifh wGufjyD; csJ u ½IyEf ikd o f nf/ Page break
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
ay;jcif ; jzpf o nf / A: udk tjyD; owfrSwfay;jcif;
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
tuG ufwGif (1) [k ½dkuf jzifh oifhpmrsufESmrsm; tm;
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
xnfhvQif ¤if;onf 100 tqifajy oyf&yfapygvdrhf
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
&mcdkifEIef;jzpfonf/ (0.8) rnf/ ,ck Line and Page
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
onf 80 &mcdik Ef eI ;f ESihf (1.2) Break settings oifcef;pm
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
onf 120 &mcdkifEIef; ponf udk qufygrnf/ acgif;pD;
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
Bullet onf pmaMumif;rsm;udk xif&mS ; ap&ef? wpfaMumif;csi;f
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
jzpfonf/ rsm;ESifh pmydk'frsm;udk oifh
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
uG jJ ym;ap&efEiS hf pmzwfow
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 l Ydk *½kjyKap&ef a&SwU iG f trSwf tom;
pdwfMudKuf pDpOfae&m csxm;
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
vu©Pmwpfck xnfx
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
h m;jcif; jzpfonf/ Bullet menu wGif
Page Breaks ESihf Line &ef jzpfonf/ Paragraph
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
oH ;k
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
Breaks rsm; xnfjh cif; box udk zGifhyg/
aeus t0k i
d ;
f yH
?
k av;axmif u
h u G rf sm;omru tjcm; xl;jcm;
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
vSyaom 'DZikd ;f rsm;udyk g xnfEh ikd o
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 f nf/ ¤if;wdu Yk kd rMuKd uyf gu
Document wpf c k Paragraph box wGif
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
Define New Bullet udk zGijhf y;D tjcm; vu©Pmwpfcck k
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
twGif; pmpDaepOf pmydk'frsm; Line and Page Breaks
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
odrYk [kwf ½kyyf rkH sm;udk vnf; Bullet tjzpf oH;k Edik o
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
yHkpHrusonfudk MuHKzl;ygvdrfh (tab) odYk ajymif;vdu k yf g/ uD;
f nf/
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
rnf/ Oyrmtm;jzifh pmrsuf bk w f shortcut tm;jzif h
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
ESm atmufem;wGif acgif;pD; Alt+H, PG, Alt+P udk oH;k Edik f Widow/Orphan control ay;vd k u f y gonf / Para-
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
i,fwpfck ½dkufjyD;onfESifh onf / ¤if ; Pagination
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 pmydk'f\ yxrqHk;vdkif; graph box rS Widow/Or-
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
pmrsuf E m
S u jynf
o
h m
G ;onf / atmuf w G
i f settings av;ck odkYr[kwf aemufqHk;vdkif; phan control udk trSwfjcpf
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
tqdkyg acgif;pD;atmufwGif udk awGU&ygrnf/ onf pmrsuf E S m wpf c k \ a&G;cs,fvdkufyg/ Widow
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
rnf o nf h pmom;rQ r&d S / tay:qHk; odkYr[kwf atmuf onf pmydk'f\ aemufqHk; pm
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
qHk;wGif uyfí &dSaejcif;udk aMumif;u aemufwpfrsuEf mS
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
qdkvdkonf/ xdkodkY pm wpf xdyfqHk;wGif a&mufaeonf
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
aMumif;u wpfrsufEmS wGif &dS udk qdkvdkonf/ Orphan
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
aejyD; pmyd'k \
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 f usepf maMumif; onf pmyd k ' f \ xd y f q H k ; ?
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
rsm;u
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 aemuf wpfrsufESm yxrqH;k pmaMumif;onf pm
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
odkY a&muf ae onfh tcg rsuf E S m atmuf a jcwG i f
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
Munhf&? zwf& tqifrajy &dSaejyD; usef pmykd'fwpfckvHk;
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
onfudk awGUzl;ygvdrfhrnf/ u aemufwpfrsufESmodkY ul;
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 ¤if;twGuf tcsKd;rus oGm;jcif;udk qdkvdkygonf/
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
&dS
a eonf h tqdkyg pm wpf uGu J mG aeaom rdom;pkukd jyef
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
oif\ pmom;rsm; ay:viG af p&ef Line and Page Break aMumif ; od k Y r[k w f pm aygif;xkyfay;vdkufouJhodkY
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
(settings) udk toH;k jyKjy;D csed n f y§d g/ pmrsuEf mS rsm;tMum; aMumif; tcsKdUudk pmwpfydk'f 'Widow/Orphan' [l í
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
tcsK;d rusaom ul;ajymif;rIrsm; rjzpfay: ap&ef jzpfonf/ wGif twl&dSaeap&ef aygif; wifpm;xm;jcif; jzpfonf/
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
148 uGefysLwm*sme,f
uGeyf sLwmoifcef;pm
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
Keep with next Keep lines together
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
pmyd k ' f \ acgif ; pD ; u pmydk'fwpfckvHk;tm; pm
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
wpf r suf E S m ES i f h usef p mom; rsuf ESm ESpfckwGif cGJí rxm;
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
rsm;u aemufwpfrsufESmodkY vdkonfhtcg 'Keep lines
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
a&mufaeonfh taetxm; together' udk a&G;cs,f&yg
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
rsKd; jzpfonf/ odkYjzpfí ouf onf/ pmwpfydk'fonf pm
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
qdkifonfh acgif;pD;ESifh pmydk'f rsufESmwpfcktwGif;üom &dS
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
udk pmrsufEmS wGif tjrJ wGaJ e aeap&ef jzpfonf/ odkY&m
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
ap&ef 'Keep with next' wGif pmaMumif;rsm;pGm &dSae
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
(option) ud k a&G ; cs,f & ygu cGJxkwf&ef tqifajy
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
onf/ acgif;pD;ESifh pmom; rnf r[kwfyg/
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
onf pmwpfydk'fwnf;tjzpf
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
&dSaeap&ef jzpfonf/
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
ukrP Ü D vd*k u kd o hJ Ykd *&yfzpfyu kH kd bullet tjzpf jyay;Edik o f nf/
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 Page break before pwdkifvftrsKd;rsKd;jzifh jyay;
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 ¤if;onf pmwpfrsuEf mS jcif; jzpfonf/ tqdkyg vkyf
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 wG i f acgif ; pD ; ES i f h pmyd k ' f u d k ief;pOfrsm;onf pmpDpm½dkuf
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 oD;jcm;xm;&eftwGuf jzpf &mü toH;k 0ifonfukd odvm
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
onf/ wpfenf;tm;jzifh pm ygvdrfhrnf/
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 wpfydk'fonf enf;onf jzpf xd k o d k Y Bullet ES i f h
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 ap? rsm;onf jzpfap pm wpf Number xnfh&mwGif MudK
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 rsufESmpDüom oD;jcm; &dSae wif format jyKvkyfxm;&ef
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 Muonf/ aemuf pmwpfydk'f rvdkyg/ vdktyfvQif tqdkyg
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 p½du k o f nfEiS hf aemuf pmrsuf pmyd'k \ f tp odYk r[kwf pmyd'k f
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 ES m od k Y ul ; jcif ; jzpf o nf / twG i f ; wpf a e&m&mwG i f
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
Munhf& &Sif;vif;aomfvnf; insertion point csum
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 pmrsufESm ydkrdk ukefygvdrfh icon udk uvpfEdSyfvdkuf&ef
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 rnf/ om jzpfonf/ odkY&mwGif
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 pmydk'ftrsm;tjym;udk jyKvkyf
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 Bullet ES
i h f Number pOf r sm; rnfqdkygu MudKwif owf
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 wnfaqmufjcif; rSwfxm;&ygrnf/ odkYrSom
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 Bullet onf pmyd k' fu dk trSwfpOf (1) jyD;vQif (2)?
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 xif&Sm;ap&ef? wpfydk'fcsif; (2) jyD;vQif (3) ponfjzifh
Bullet (icon) \ab;&dS Mw*d yH kH wH;k av; udk uvpfvyk yf g/
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
atmufq;kH rS Define New Bullet udk xyfziG yhf g/ Picture uGJjym;ap&efESifh pmzwfolwkdY eH y gwf p Of t wd k i f ; tvd k
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
cvkwu f kd zGiv hf ukd yf g/ ¤if;wGif JPEG ESihf GIF uJo h Ykd format
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 *½kjyKap&ef pmydk'f wpfckcsif; tavsmuf wyfay;ygvdrfh
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 \ a&SUwGif trSwftom; rnf/ rnfodkYyifjzpfap Bul-
rsm;jzifh wnf aqmufxm;onfh yHik ,frsm;udk jrifEikd yf g onf/
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
tu,fí oifh ud, k yf ikd yf rkH sm; &daS evQiv
f nf; bullets rsm;tjzpf vu©Pmwpfck xnfhxm; let ESifh Number onf oifh
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
oH;k Edik of nf/ Picture Bullet (box) \ Import cvkwu f kd jcif; jzpfonf/ pmyd'k rf sm;udk vSyapjyD; zwf&
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
zGiMhf unhyf g/ od&Yk mwGif yHrk sm;onf tvGeaf o;i,faomaMumifh
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 Number onf pmydk'f oltwGufvnf; tqifajy
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 rsm;tm; eH y gpOf x d k ; um ygvdrfhrnf/
xif&mS ;rnf r[kwyf g/
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
atmufwb
dk m? 2008 149
uGeyf sLwmoifcef;pm
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
pmyd'k rf sm;wGif Bullet xd;k jcif; ment ü oH;k cJjh yD;onfh bullet pmyd k ' f o nf acgif ; pD ; od k Y (icon) udk armufpf uvpf
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
pmydk'frsm;tm; Bullet styles rsm;udk jyay;xm; r[kwf tjcm; pmyd'k rf sm;eJY uGJ vkyfyg/ pmydk'frsm;onf yHkrSef
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
wyf & onfrmS tvGef vG,u f l onf/ atmufajcwGif com- jym;oG m ;jcif ; vnf ; jzpf twdkif; jzpfaeygrnf/ wpf
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
ygonf/ oift h aeESihf bullet mands ESpfck &dSonf/ ¤if; onf/ xdYk tjyif bullet onf enf;tm;jzifh bullet xnfh
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
style udk a&G;ae&onfu onf bullet udk oifh pdwf pmom;rsm;ES i f h ra&mbJ jcif;ESifh jyefjzKwfjcif;? yHk
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
tcsd e f M umygOD ; rnf / ,ck MudKuf zefw;D wnfaqmuf&ef oD;jcm; wpfae&m jzpfaeyg ajymif ; jcif ; wd k Y onf vk y f
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
bullet wpfck wnfaqmuf jzpfonf/
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 rnf/ aqmifcsuf twlwl jzpfí
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
Munh fy grnf / 2/ Bullets menu wG i f bul- 3/ xd k o d k Y ay:jyD ; onf h t cg vufawGU vkyfzl;ygu vG,f
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1/ Ribbon wGif Home let style rsm;tay:od k Y aemuf pmwpfydk'f ½dkufvdk ulonfudk awGU&ygrnf/
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
(tab) odkY ajymif;yg/ Para- armufpfjrm;OD;jzifh a&TUvsm; onfhtaejzifh Enter udk EdSyf
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
graph tkyp f \ k tay:vdik ;f rS Munhfyg/ xdktcg Word &dS vdu k yf g/ oifonf uD;udk EdyS f pdwMf uKd uf Bullet a&G;cs,f
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
Bullet cvkwfab;&dS Mwd*HyHk pmyd'
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
kw f iG f bullet onf style vdkufonfESifh (wpfenf;tm; jyKvyk jf cif;
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
wH k ; uav;ud k uvpf v k y f trsKd
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 ; rsKd; ajymif;aeonfudk jzifh pmydk'fwpfck jyD;qHk;onf oifhtaeESifh Word rS
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
vd k u f y g/ Bullets menu jrifae&ygrnf/ ESpfouf&m ESifh) aemufpmydk'f\ tpwGif jyay;xm;aom bullet rsm;
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
(Alt+H, U) ay:vmygrnf/ bullet wpf c k u d k a&G ; cs,f bullet wpfck tvdt k avsmuf udk rESpo f ufygu pdwMf udKuf
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
¤if ;wG i f bullet pwd ki fv fr sm; uvpf
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
v k y f y g/ xd k t cg ay:vmonf u d
k awG U&rnf / zef
w ;
D wnf aqmufEikd o f nf/
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
udk jrifae&ygrnf/ Recen- Word onf pmyd'k t
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 f m; tvdk pmyd'k af e&m txm;todo k nf oif\ ukrÜPD vdk*dkuJhodkY
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
tly Used Bullets onf tavsmuf
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 bullet wyf a y; vnf ; yxr pmyd k ' f t wdkif; *&yfzpfyHkudk bullet tjzpf
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
oif vuf&o Sd ;kH cJah om bullet vdkufjyD; ¤if; pmydk'fonf jzpfonf/ oifonf bullet jyay;Edkifonf/
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
yHk jzpfonf/ tv,fwGif vnf; aemufodkY ae&m a&GU twG u f aemuf w pf M ud r f
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 Bullet menu (Alt+H,
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
Bullet Library &d S o nf / oG m ;ygrnf
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 / wpf e nf ; tm; xnf a
h y;&ef rvd a
k wmh yg/ pm U) ud k zGifhyg/ atmufajc&dS
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
atmufwGif oif\ docu- jzifh bullet wyfxm;onfh quf½dkuf&efom jzpfonf/ Define New Bullet ud k
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
4/ xd k o d k Y pmyd k ' f r sm;wG i f uvpf vyk f zGiv hf u kd yf g/ Box
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 bullet rsm; wyf j yD ; onf h yGifhvmygrnf/ ¤if;\ Bul-
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 tcg aemufqHk; pmydk'fü En- let character atmufwGif
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 ter uD;udk EdSyfvdkufyg/ pmydk'f Symbol..., Picture...,
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
wpfck r½dkufawmhaomfvnf; Font... [lí cvkwf 3 ckudk
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 bullet wpfck jyaeygOD;rnf/ awG U &ygrnf / vu© P m
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 aemufxyf Enter uD;udk EdSyf oauFwrsm;udk oHk;vdkygu
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 vdkufygu bullet aysmuf Symbol... cvkwu f kd zGiyhf g/
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 oG m;ygvd r fhr nf/ Font ud k zG i f h j yD ; ¤if ; rS
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 5/ tu,fí bullet rsm;udk vu© P moauF w rsm;ud k
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 rvdkcsifygu Bullet cvkwf t&G,t f pm;? aemufcH ponf
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 udk jyefziG u hf m bullet format ajymif;jyD; bullet tjzpf oHk;
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 rsm;ud k yd w f E d k i f y gonf / Edkifonf/ tv,frS cvkwf
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 tqdkyg pmydk'frsm;tMum; onf oif pdwf0ifpm;rnfh yHk
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 armuf p f u mqm wnf j yD ; rsm;udk oHk;jcif; jzpfonf/
Word onf pmyd'k rf sm;tm; eHygwpf Of wyfjcif;ESiyhf wfoufí
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
pwd i
k v
f f yH
p
k H trs K ;
d rsK;
d zef w ;
D ay;xm;onf
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
/ ¤if; wG i f eH
y gw r
f sm;om bullet (icon) udk jyefuvpf ,ck Picture Bullet box udk
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
r[kwyf g/ A, B, C, D, a, b, c, d tu©&mrsm;? a&mr vk y f M unh f y g/ od k Y r[k w f zGifhygrnf/
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
*Pef;rsm;vnf;yg0ifonf/ Define New Number Format pmydk'ftm;vHk;udk highlight ¤if;wGif bullets yHkpH
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
ud k zG i j
h f y;
D rd r d pdw M
f u K d u f eH yg w p
f Of wyf
E i
k d
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
y
f go nf / vk y f a&G ; cs,f j yD ; bullet i,frsm;udk ta&mifpHkjzifh jy
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
150 uGefysLwm*sme,f
uGeyf sLwmoifcef;pm
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
Numbering cvk w f u d k Tab rsm;udk csed n f j§d cif;
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 uvpfvkyf&efom jzpfonf/ Tab uD;udk oHk;&onf
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 od kY&mwG i f uG mjcm;csuf rS m tvk yfydkonf[k xif&
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 rSm number wGif t*Fvdyf aomfvnf; oifhtwGuf pmpD
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
eH y gwf o mru tu© & m? pm½d k u f & mwG i f taxmuf
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 tm&Apf? a&mreHygwf pmvHk; tul &ygonf/ Tab uD;udk
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 rsm;udk oHk;Edkifjcif;jzpfonf/ oifonf pm½du k f vkyif ef;pOf
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 ¤if ;wd k
Y o nf tpD t pOf wus wG i f trsKd ; rsKd ;oHk;Edkifonf/
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 pDay;oGm;ygvdrfhrnf/ txl;ojzifh format rsm;aom
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 tpD&ifcHpmrsm;wGif oHk;&ef
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 pmyd '
k ?
f pmaM u mif ;rs m ;tm; jzpfonf/
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
tqifq h ifch GJxw k jf yoay;jcif; Tab onf alignment
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 (Multilevel lists) nd §& mwG if wdus nDnmapyg
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 Multilevel lists onf onf/ oif\ pmom;rsm;
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 eHygwf (number format) ESifh eHygwfrsm;udk wpfnD
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
xuf ydí k qef;jym;jyD; tao; wnf;jzpfatmif jyKvkyfay;í
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 pd w f j cif ; jzpf o nf / txl ; pmzwf&oltwGuf rsm;pGm
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 ojzifh y½dk*suf tpD&ifcHpm tqifajyapygrnf/ Oyrm
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
Multilevel pm&if;rsm;onf numbered format udk ydí k rsm;? ½IyfaxG;aom pm&if; tm;jzifh oifonf pm&if;
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
tao;pd w u
f m oH ;
k xm;j c if ;jz pf o nf / tu© & mES
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 ih f eH y gw r
f sm;ud
k rsm;twGuf tpDtpOf vSy Z,m;wpfckudk a&;qGJ&mwGif
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
yH
p
k w
H l rjzpf a tmif trs K;
d rs K;
d oH ;
k xm;onf / pmyd '
k
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 ?
f atmif jyKvkyfay;Edkifonf/ tab rsm;udk toHk;jyKjcif;jzifh
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
pmaMumif;rsm;udv k nf; tqifq h ifh tpDtpOf usepGm pmyd k ' f ? pmaMumif ; rsm;ud k tpDtpOfusepGm azmfjyay;
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
a&Ta
U y;xm;yg o nf /
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
tqifhqifh cGJxkwf&mü yHkpH Edkifonf/ ¤if;onf vSyzdkY
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 rwlatmif jyay;xm;onf/ xuf tjrif&Sif;ap&ef jzpf
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
ay;xm;onf/ ¤if;onf GIF xnfhxm;ygu yHkudk &Sm& ydkrdk Oyrmtm;jzifh yxrpmydk'fudk onf/ ,ck oifcef;pmwGif
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
uJhodkY format wpfrsKd;udkom jrefygvdrfhrnf/ av;axmifhyHk jyvQif? aemuf tab rsm;taMumif;udk tao;
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
jyxm;jcif;jzpfonf/ armufpf odYkr[kwf oifh yHk &d&S modYk pmydk'fudk t0dkif;yHk jyay;jyD; pdwf a&;om; azmfjyay;yg
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
jzif h axmuf Munh f
y gu quf vufzGifhyg/ yHkay:vm aemufxyfpmyd'k u
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
.jpg, f kd oH;k axmifh rnf/ vdktyfaom tajccH
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
.gif, .pct, .emf ponf file- u a&G;cs,fjyD;vQif OK udk yHk jyay;ygvdrfhrnf/ xdkYtwl tcsufrsm;udk yxrqHk; avh
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
name extension udk jrif& EdSyfvdkufyg/ vdkif;rsm;udkvnf; rwlatmif vmapvdkygonf/
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
ygrnf/ xdkodkY rsm;jym;vS vkyfvdkufygrnf/ oifonf
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
aom bullet rsm;udk rMudKuf pmyd'k rf sm;wGif eHygwf
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 vufawGU vkyaf qmifjcif;jzifh Tabs rsm;
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 bullet ESifh number wdkY\ Tabs udk pmvHk; (cha-
ygu oif h ud ,
k y
f i
k
d f *&yf z pf y k
H (number)
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 xd ;
k jc if;
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
odkYr[kwf "mwfyHkudk oHk;Edkif pmyd'k rf sm;tm; eHygwfpOf vkyfaqmifyHkudk aumif;pGm racters) rsm;tjzpf rSwf,l
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
onf/ Box atmufqHk;&dS xdk;jcif;onf bullet wyf oabmayguf v mygvd r f h Edkifonf/ uGefysLwmwGif
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
Import... cvkwu f kd zGiv hf u kd f ouJ h o d k Y twl w l y if jzpf rnf/
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 ae&mvGwf wpfae&monf
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
yg/ Add Clips to Organi- onf/ oifonf bullet wyf character wpf v H k ; tjzpf
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
zer (box) ay:vmygrnf / jcif ; ud k aumif
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
; pG m oabm owfrSwfMuonf/ xdkYtwl
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
oif oHk;vdkonfh yHkudk Add aygufjyD;ygu eHygwfpOfwyf tab a&GUoGm;aom ae&mvGwf
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
Clips to Organizer boMy jcif;udkvnf; vG,fulpGm jyK rsm;onfvnf; characters
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
Pictures zdv k '
f gwG if Mud K wif vk y a
f y;Ed i
k
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
o
f nf / ¤if ;twG uf rsm;yif jzpfonf/ wpfenf;
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
atmufwb
dk m? 2008 151
uGeyf sLwmoifcef;pm
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
tm;jzifh azsmufxm;aom Tab stops rsm;
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
characters rsm; odkYr[kwf Tab stop qdkonfrSm
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
space rsm;[k qd k E d k i f y g pmrsuf E S m wG i f pmvH k ; ?
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
onf/ pmom;wpfckckrS vdkcsifonfh
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
tuGmta0;wpf ae&modkY
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
Tab (box) zG
i j
h f c if ; tpae&m csdefjcif; jzpfonf/
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
Word 2007 wGif tab Indent csd e f o nf [ k v nf ;
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
(function) udk &Sm&onfrSm qdEk ikd o f nf/ pmom; wpfcEk iS hf
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
tenf;i,fcufonf[k xif wpfck tMum; ae&mvGwf
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
&ygrnf/ Word 2003 wGif xm;jcif;jzifh Munhfaumif;
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
menu bar rS Format/ atmif jyKvkyfjcif;jzpfonf/
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
Tabs... udk zGiv hf u kd ½f o kH m jzpf ¤if ; twG u f b,f r S nm?
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
í yd kjyD ; vG , fo nf[ k xif nmrS b,fbufESifh tv,f
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
Muygrnf/ Word 2007 ü wGif csdefnd§xm;Edkifonf/ Word Options (box) udk toH;k jyKí tabs, spaces,
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
pmydk'fwpfckckudk highlight ae&mvGwftjzpf rxm;vdkyg paragraph marks uJh odYk formatting characters rsm;udk
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
vkyfa&G;cs,fjyD; armufpf nm u tpufav; (periods) azmfxw
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
k Mf unhEf ikd o
f nf/ Checkbox rsm;udk trSwjf cpfay;jcif;
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
uvpf EdSyfvdkufyg/ ay:vm odkYr[kwf rsOf;wdk (dashes) (zGiahf y;jcif;) jzifh pm½du
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 k af eonfh pmrsuEf mS jrifuiG ;f wGif
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
aom pop-up menu rsm;rS rsm;jzif h Mum;cH x m;Ed
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 kifo nf / trS w o
f auF w rs m ;udk jrifEikd o
f nf/ ¤if;wdo
Yk nf y&ifh
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
Paragraph udk uvpf vkyf ¤if ; twG u f Word xkwo f nft h cg ryg 0ifyg/
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
jyD; Paragraph (box) \ 2007 ribbon \ Home
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
atmuf q;kH b,fbufaxmifh tkyfpk&dS Paragraph udk zGifh ay:vmygrnf/ atmufyg rSwpf k
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
&dS Tabs cvkwfudk zGifhvdkuf yg/ ¤if;\ nmbufaxmifh&dS prf;oyfcsufrsm;udk jyKvkyf
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 Tab aqmif&Gufcsufudk
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
yg/ Tab (box) ay:vmyg jrm;yH ka v;ud k uvpf v kyfyg/ Munf hy g/ ruler ESifh wGJoHk;Edkifonf/
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
rnf/ tqdkyg Tab (box) ay:vmaom Paragraph - Left Tab cvk w f u d k Ruler udk tjrJjyay;Edkifovdk
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
wGif oifvdkcsifonfh tcsuf (box) \ atmufajc b,f a&G;cs,fyg/
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 rvdktyfvQif azsmufxm;Edkif
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
rsm;ud k vG , f u lp Gm owf r Sw f buf r S Tab... cvkwfudk zGifh - Tab stop position: rSm ygonf/ ¤if;twGuf Word
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
ay;xm;Edkifygonf/ yg/ Tabs (box) xyf r H tuGmta0;udk owfrSwfay; 2007 jrifuGif;\ nmbuf
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 yg/ Default u 0.5 vufr tay:ab;em;rS icon udk
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 jzpfonf/ uvpfvkyfEdkifygonf/ Tab
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 - tuGmta0;udk ae&mvGwf wpfcsuf a&TUwdik ;f ruler wGif
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 jycsifvm;? tpufuav;rsm; oauFw jyonf/
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 jzifh jycsifvm; ponfudk Tab stops rsm;ud k
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 Leader wG if a&G ;cs,f yg/ rMumcP oH k ; &wwf y g
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 - vdktyfonfrsm;udk a&G; onf/ Oyrm Z,m; (table)
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 cs,fjyD;ygu Set cvkwfudk wpf c k wnf a qmuf o nf h
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 EdSyfvdkufyg/ tcg odkYr[kwf index wpfck
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
Tabs rsm;\ ae&monf ae&mvGwu f hJ odYk tjzLom;
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 - oifonf Tab wpfcsuf wnfaqmufonfhtcg jzpf
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
jzpfaeygvrd rhf nf/ od&Yk m wGif Word wGif oifonf jrifaevdyk g u EdSyfvdkufwdkif; tpufuav; onf/
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
jrm;i,fuav;wpfct k jzpf azmfay; Edik o f nf/ ¤if;twGuf rsm;jzifh pmvHk;? pmom;rsm;
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
Office button/ Word Options/Display wGif 0ifí jyif
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 udk jcm;ay;ygvdrfhrnf/ toH;k 0ifaom Tab key
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 oifh uGefysLwm uD;
Edi
k y
f go nf /
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
152 uGefysLwm*sme,f
uGeyf sLwmoifcef;pm
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
tions &djS yD; tv,fonf 'Al- trsm;qH k ; tab jzpf o nf /
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 ways show these format- ¤if;onf b,fbufuyfae
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 ting marks on the screen' aom pmom;rsm;twG u f
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 jzpfjyD; atmufqHk;tydk'fonf jzpfjyD; tab wpfcsuf ckefwdkif;
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
Printing options jzpf (Edy S vf u kd w f ikd ;f ) vufr 0ufpD
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 onf / a&SU odk
Y a&G UoGm;ygrnf/ b,f
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 3/ tv,ftyk pf &k Sd 'Tab cha- bufrS nmbufodkY a&TUoGm;
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 racters' checkbox udk zGifh jcif; jzpfonf/
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 vdkufyg/ pmom;rsm;twGif; - Center tab onf pm
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 tabs vkyfxm;onfh ae&m wpfvi kd ;f udk tv,fwiG x f m;
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 rsm;ud k jrm;yH k icon av;jzifh jcif;ESifh qifwlonf/ odkY&m
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
jrifae&ygrnf/ ¤if;onf wGif pmom;onf rm*sif ESpf
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 y&ifh xkwfonfhtcg rygyg/ ck\ tv,fwGif xm;onfh
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
bkwfab;rS Tab key onf nmbufodkY a&TUay;jcif; jzpf 4/ OK udk uvpfvkyfjyD; tpm; tqdkyg pmom;udk
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
pmom;rsm;tm; tabs a&TUay; í vdktyfygu nmbufrS box rsm;rS xGufvdkufyg/ tab location tv,fwGif
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
&ef oH k; onf / Tab key uD
; b,f b uf o dkYv nf ; a&TUay;
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
xm;jcif ; jzpfonf/
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
udk EdyS v
f u kd yf g/ oif armufpf Edkifonf/
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
Tab rs m;ud k zsu j
f cif ;ESi h f j y if
j c if; - Right tab onf nm
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 Tab rsm;onf docu- bufrS jyefjyD; b,fbufodkY
ydK
G if
w mwnf x m;onf h pmvH ;k
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
onf a&SUodYk a&TUoGm;onfukd pmom;rsm;twGi;f &dS ment twGif;rS characters pmom;rsm;udk jyefcsdefjcif;
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
awGU&ygrnf/ b,fbufrS Tab Marks rsm;udk Munhjf cif; rsm;om jzpfonf/ odkYjzpfí jzpfonf/
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
nmbufodkY ckefoGm;jcif;rsKd; Tabs rsm;onf y&ifh pmvH k ; uJ h o d k Yy if zsuf j cif ; ? - Decimal tab ud k
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
jzpf j yD ; owf r S w f a y;xm; pm&Gurf sm;wGif ryg&dyS g/ ¤if; aumf y D u l ; ,l j cif ; ? paste txl;ojzifh udef; eHygwfrsm;
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
onfh tuGmta0;wGif &yf tabs ae&mrsm;onf ae&m vkyjf cif;rsm; jyKvkyEf ikd o
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 f nf/ udk nd&§ mwGif oH;k onf/ ude;f
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 Tab wpf c k u d k delete vkyf rsm;wGif 'ór (ydGKifh) ryg
oGm;ygrnf/ Default tuGm tvGwfrsm;tjzpfom awGU&
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
ta0;onf vufr0uf jzpf ygrnf/ wpfcgwpf&Hü oif zsuf&ef
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 ygu nmbuf (right tab)
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
/ oif o nf tab stop onf a&TUxm;? rxm;udk jrif - zsufvkdonfh tab a&SUwGif ESifh tvm;wlonf/ udef;
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
onf
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
ud k owf r S w f r xm;ygu vdkygvdrfhrnf/ pmom;rsm; armufpfudk xm;yg/
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 rsm;wGif 'ór ygygu tab
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 - Backspace uD;udk EdSyf stop wGif tv,fü xm;ay;
onf vuf r 0uf tMum;&dS rsm;ud k Munh
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
Word tabs f
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
tuGmta0;udk ckeaf &TUoGm;yg &ef
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
vdkufyg/ onf/
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 od Y
k r[k w f Tabs box ud k
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
rnf/ Mum;wGif ae&mvGwf 1/ Office button ud k - Bar tab onf pmrsufESm
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
tjzpf x m;ygvd rfhr nf / uvpf v k y f zG i f h y g/ ¤if ; \ zGifhjyD; oif v dkc sifo nf h tab \ pmydk'fwpfckckwGif odod
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 taetxm;ud k jyef csde a
f y;Ed i
k f
atmuf abmifay:&dS Word
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 omom rsOf;t&m jyay;aom
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 onf/ ¤if;twGuf Ctrl+X, tab jzpfonf/ wpfenf;tm;
Tab stops tvk y f vky y
f k H Options dialog box ud
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121k
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
Tab stops udk txl; qufzGifhyg/ Ctrl+V uJ h o d k Y shortcut jzifh pmydk'fwGif tab wpfcsuf
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 keys rsm;udk oHk;Edkifygonf/ ckeo
ojzif h pmyd k ' f r sm;twG u f (yHkwGif jrifEdkifygonf/)
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 f nfh ae&mü axmifvu kd f
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
owf r S w f a y;Muonf / pm 2/ Word Options \ b,f
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
ydk'fwpfckwGif vdkif;rsm;pGm bufjcrf;rS Display option Tab trsK;d tpm;rsm;
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
&dSonfhtcg tab stops u udk a&G;cs,fzGifhyg/ xdktcg Word wGif tabs trsKd;
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 tpm; 5 rsKd; &dSonf/ ¤if;
tqdkygvdkif;tm;vHk;udk wpf nmbufjrifuGif;wGif tydkif;
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
nDwnf;jzpfatmif a&TUay;yg 3 ydkif; awGUEdkifygrnf/ xdyf wdkY\ vkyfaqmifcsufrsm;rSm
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
rnf/ ¤if;wGif b,fbufrS qHk;wGif Page display op- - Left tab onf toH k ;
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
atmufwb
dk m? 2008 153
uGeyf sLwmoifcef;pm
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
rsOf;wpfckudk jyay;jcif; jzpf Dotted....................You’ve pmrsufESm jrifuGif; wGif twdkif; pmrsufESm\ nm
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
seen before
onf/
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 tvsm;vdkufESifh axmifvdkuf buf tpGefaxmifh (scroll
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
Dashed_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ For a
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
different jrifae &ygrnf/ bar ay:rS ) View Ruler
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
Underline___________
rSwpf k
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 (Horizontal ruler) cvkwfudk uvpfvkyfvdkuf
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
When a solid line
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
Tab tpm; tcsKd U u yg/
¤if;wdkYonf y&ifh xkwf tvsm;vdkuf rsOf;wGif pm
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
tvS t y 'D Z kdi f;yHkr sm;jzif h pm
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 rsufESm (pm&Guf) \ xdyfqHk;
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
&müvnf; yg0ifygrnf/
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
rsuf E S m zG J U wwf M uonf /
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 ü ay:aejyD; ¤if;wGif b,f- rSwpf k
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
¤if ; twG u f atmuf y g Ruler onf pmpD&m
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
Word \ ruler rsO;f rsm;udk nm rm*si?f (vufr) ESihf tab,
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
twdkif; jyKvkyfMunfhygrnf/
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 indent wdkYudk trSwftom; wG i f ta&;ygjyD ; oif h u d k
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
toH ;
k jy Kjcif
;
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 taxmuftul rsm;pGm ay;
- Ribbon wGif Insert odkY
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
Word wGif tab rsm;udk oauFwrsm;jzifh jyay;xm; ygvdrr
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 hf nf/ wpfenf;tm;jzifh
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
ajymif;yg/
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 onf/
toH k; jyK&mü ruler rsOf
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 ; jzifh pmrsufESmwGif twdkif;twm
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
- Insert \Illustrations
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 owdjyK&rnfh tcsufrmS
vnf ; ae&m twd t
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 usud k ,lepfudk azmfjyay;jcif; jzpf
tkyfpkrS Shapes udk uvpf
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
csdefnd§ay;Edkifonf/ Ruler Word udk pzGifh&mü tqdkyg onf/ Word \default rSm
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
vkyf zGifhyg/
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
rsOf;wGif tab stops, page rsOf;udk awGUcsifrS awGU&yg ]vufr} twdkif;twm jzpf
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
- ¤if ; wG i f Lines tkyfpkrS
margins, indents ponf rnf/ ¤if;twGuf Alt+W, aomfvnf; oifonf vdktyf
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
Freeforms ud k a&G ; cs,f y g/
wd k Y u d k jyay;Ed k i f j cif ; jzpf R cvkwfrsm;udk EdSyfvdkufyg/ ygu tjcm; twdkif;twm
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
od k
Y r [k w f tjcm; ES p f
o uf & m
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
onf/ rsOf;ESpfrsKd; yg0ifjyD; odkYr[kwf yHkwGif jyxm;onfh wpfco
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
'D Z d k i f ; ud k a&G ; cs,f j yD ; tab
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
k Ykd ajymif;ay;Edik o
f nf/
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
ae&mwGif tpm;xd;k jyay;Edik f Tabs (box) onf tab ESihf ywfoufí tpHv ¤if ; twG u f
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
k ifq;kH ae&m jzpf
ygonf/
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 - cvkwfudk zGifhyg/
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
onf/ Tabs udk oH;k &ef oD;jcm; a&G;cs,Ef ikd o
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
f nf/ t"du rSm Tab
- atmufqHk;&dS Word Op-
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
stop position: tuGuw
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 f Gif vufr (tuGmta0;) ½du k xf nfh
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
Tab leaders ac: tions udk xyfzGifhyg/
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
ay;&ef jzpfonf/ xdaYk emuf useaf om tcsurf sm;udk pdwMf uKd uf
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
rsO;f pufjznfjh cif; - Advanced udk a&G;cs,f
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
a&G;cs,f ajymif;Edik yf g onf/
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 uvpf vkyfyg/
Tab leaders onf
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 - ¤if;wGif scroll down jzifh
pmzwfoltm; tjriftm;jzifh
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
Munf&h tqifajyap&ef tul Display tk y f p k u d k &S m yg/
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
tnD jyKay;onf/ ¤if;onf 'Show measurements in
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 units of' wGif vufr (In-
tab tuGmta0;wpfavQmuf
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
tpufuav;rsm;tjzpf jznfh
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
ches) jzifh jyxm;onfudk
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 oifEpS o f uf&m twdik ;f twm
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
um azmfjyay;jcif; jzpfonf/
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
tpuf o mru rsOf ; wd k
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 odkY (Centimeters, Melli-
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 meters, Points, Picas) odkY
(dash) odkYr[kwf atmuf
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
rsOf ; (underline) tjzpf ajymif;ay;vdkufyg/
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
vnf; azmfjyay;Edkifonf/
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 Ruler wGif tab setting rsm;
pm&if; Z,m;? bills, menus
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 pDpOfjcif;
ponf a&;qGJ&mwGif rsm;pGm
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
toHk;0ifonf/ atmufwGif Ruler wG i f vuf r
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
erlemrsm; jyxm;ygonf/ twd k i f ; twmud k jrif & jyD ;
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 rm*sif\ ab;ESpfzufudk rD;
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
Four Leader options cdk;a&mifjzifh jyay;xm;onf/
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
None No leader tjzLa&mif twd k i f ; twm
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
here
154 uGefysLwm*sme,f
uGeyf sLwmoifcef;pm
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
Center tab icon uJ h o d k Y rvdkyg/ tu,fí vHk;0 z,f
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 jzpfjyD; ¤if;wGif tpufwpf xkwfvdkygu tqdkyg icon
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 puf yg&dSonf/ udk tay: odkYr[kwf atmuf
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 - Bar tab icon onf odkY qGJwif? qGJcs vkyfvdkuf
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 axmifvdkuf tacsmif;i,f yg/ aysmufoGm;ygvdrfhrnf/
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 jzpfonf/ xdkYtwl pmrsufESmwGif oif
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 oif o nf ruler ud k zefwD;xm;onfh tab rsm;
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
Word \ ruler wG if pmyd '
k w
f pf c \
k format
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 zG p
U J nf;xm;yH u
k k d jr if
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 jyef a zsmuf v Qif tqd k y g vnf; ysufoGm;ygvdrfhrnf/
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
Edi
k o
f nf / wpf e nf ;tm;j z if h tab rsm; taetxm;udk jyay;xm;
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 oauFwrsm;vnf; aysmuf vufawGU prf;oyfjcif;jzifh
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
jcif;jzpfonf/ Ruler rsO;f udk rvdt k yfvQif azsmufxm;Edik o
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
f nf/
oGm;ygvdrfhrnf/ oabmaygufygvdrfhrnf/
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
twGif; oifonf pm½dkuf&ef vdkonfh ae&mtuGmta0;ü Ruler rsO;f ESit
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 hf wl tab Word 2007 \ Alignment
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
armuf p f
u vpf vk y f
v d
k
u f
y g/
jzpf o nf / wpf v uf r tuG m
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 stops rsm;udk csed n
f j§d cif;ESihf Tab vkyaf qmifcsuf
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
ta0;ud k pmrsuf E S m b,f xd kt cg oif a&G ;cs,f v dku f
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 jyefvnfz,fxkwfjcif; Word 2007 wG i f
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
onf
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
buf r S pwif j yD ; nmbuf h oauF w twd k i f ;
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 tu,f í tabs rsm; Alignment Tab onf
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
pm&G u f twd k i f ; twmtxd ajymif
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 ; aeygrnf /
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 zefwD;jyD;umrS rESpfouf aqmif&Gufcsuf topf jzpf
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
jzpf o nf /
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
¤if;wGif Left, Center, ygu odkYr[kwf rvdktyfyg onf/ Document wpfck
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
Right, Decimal, Bar ponf
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 u rsOf;ay:wGif ¤if; oauF twG i f ; rm*sif r sOf ; ud k
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
Tab stops rsm ; owf r w
S j
f c if
; wd kY jzpf
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 Muonf / ¤if ; oauF
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 w icon ay:odkY armufpfjrm; tajymif;tvJvkyfonfhtcg
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
Tab wpf c suf ck e fv dku f way:od k Y armuf p f jrm;OD ;
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 OD;wifjyD; a&TUay;Edkifonf/ tabs udk tvdktavsmuf csdef
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
wd k i f ; vuf r 0uf a&G U oG m ; wif u m ae&ma&T U ay;Ed k i f ¤if;twGuf delete vkyf&ef nd§ay;jcif; jzpfonf/ ¤if;udk
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
onfudk oifodxm;jyD; jzpf onf / Ruler wG i f tab
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
ygrnf/ xdYk twl tab a&GUoGm; position ES i f h tab stop
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
onf udk ruler wGif trSwf trsKd;tpm;udk jrifae&yg
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
oauFwwpfckjzifh jrifEdkif rnf/
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
onf/ xdkYtwl tab udk ra&TU
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
bJ rsOf ; ay:rS oauF w rSwpf k
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 tu,fí ruler ay:rS
trSwfuav;rsm;udk a&TUay;
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
oauF w icons rsm;udk oif
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
jcif ;jzif v h nf ; oif E p
S o
f uf & m
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
pwdkifudk ajymif;ay;Edkifonf/ onf rrSwfrdbJ ½IyfaxG;ae
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
¤if;twGuf onf q d k y gu atmuf y g
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
- Ruler rsOf;\ b,fbuf twdkif; rSwfxm;Edkifonf/
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
f iG f &daS om av;axmifh -
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
tpGew Left tab icon onf
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
yH k selection box ud k L shaped
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 jzpfonf/
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
armufpu f vpf vkyMf unhyf g/ - Right tab icon onf
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
pmrsufESm topfwGif ¤if; Left tab icon ESihf ajymif;jyef
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
oauFwonf left tab jzpf jzpfonf/ Ruler &dS rm*sirf sO;f ay:oYkd armufpf umqmudk wifvu kd yf g/ xdt k cg
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
aeygrnf / -
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 Center tab icon wG i f umqmonf jr m;ES p z
f ufo G
m ; yH
p
k o
H Y k d ajy mif;oG m;ygrnf / xd t
Y k wl
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
- oif toHk;jyKvdkonfh tab bm;wef; ay:ü axmifvdkuf screen tip tjzpf right margin [k jyay;ygrnf/ tqdyk g
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
stops udk a&G;cs,fyg/ xdkY vdkif;i,f yg0ifonf/
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 taetxm;wGif oifonf armufpu f kd drag vkyjf cif;jzifh rm*siu f kd
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
aemuf ruler wGif oif a&TU - Decimal icon onf ae&majymif; a&TaU y;Edik o
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 f nf/
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
atmufwb
dk m? 2008 155
uGeyf sLwmoifcef;pm
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
jyD; rm*sifrsOf;\ twdkif;
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 twmwdkYudk MudKwif owf
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 rSwfay;Edkifygonf/
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 - Ribbon wGif Page Lay-
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
out (tab) odkY ajymif;yg/
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 - Page Setup udk uvpf
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 vkyf zGifhyg/ Page Setup
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 (box) ay:vmygrnf/ Page
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 Setup \ nmbufab;&dS
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
Word u tvdktavsmuf - Document udk yHkrSef jyef Alignment Tab udk armufpf jrm;yHk icon av;udk uvpf
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 vkyf&ef jzpfonf/
jyKvkyfay;ygvdrfhrnf/ Oyrm jzpf&ef uvpf ESpfcsuf EdSyf nmuvpf EdSyfyg/
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
tm;jzifh oifonf docu- vdkufyg/ odkYr[kwf Esc uD; - ¤if;rS Add To Quick - ¤if;wGif Margins (tab)
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
wpfckü header wpfck udk EdSyfjyD; yHkrSef document Access Toolbar udk a&G; odkY ajymif;yg/ odkYr[kwf
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
ment
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
wnfaqmufjyD; ¤if;\ nm odkY jyefoGm;yg/ cs,fvdkufyg/
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 Alt+P, M uD;rsm;udk EdSyf
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 vdkufyg/
bufwGif pmrsufESm eHygwf ,ck t cg Chapter
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
ud k nD n mpGm xnf hvdko nf One ESi f
h nmbuf t pG ef
ü pm Ruler rsO;
f wG
i f rm*si r
f sm;ud
k - ¤if;\ Preview wGif pm
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
qdkygpdkY/ rsufESm 1 udk jrif&ygrnf/ settings owfrSwfjcif;
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 rsuEf mS ESihf rm*sif zGUJ pnf;xm;
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
- Insert tab od kY ajymif ;yg/ rm*sif ruler vd ki f;rS Mwd *HyHk oif o
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 nf Page Lay- yHkudk jrifae&ygrnf/
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
- Header & Footer tkypf rk S wk;H udk armufpjf rm;OD;jzifh a&TU out tools rsm;udk toHk;jyK - Margins tkyfpkatmuf&dS
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
Header udk uvpfvkyfyg/ Munfhyg/ pmrsufESm eHygwf
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
- xd k
t cg Built-in Header onf nmbuf u yf v suf
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
rsm; ay:vmygrnf/ ¤if;rS taetxm;jzifh rm*sifrsOf;
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
tay:qHk;&dS Blank udk a&G; wGif vkdufjyD; a&TUvmygvdrfh
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
cs,fvdkufyg/ rnf/
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
- ¤if;wGif Chapter One [k wu,fwrf;wGif
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
½dk
u f
x nhf
y g/ Alignment Tab udk jyif&ef
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
- Position tkyfpkrS Insert rSm header odYk r[kwf footer
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
Tab udk uvpf wGi& f o
Sd nfh Alignment Tab
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
Alignment
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
vkyfyg/ dialog box odkY 0if&ygrnf/
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
- Alignment Tab (box) Word 2007 wGif ruler rS
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
ay:vmygrnf / ¤if;rS Right wdkuf½dkuf jyifEkdifygonf/
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
udk a&G;cs,fjyD; OK udk EdSyf Alignment Tab
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
yg/ tvG , f
w ul oH
k; &ef Quick
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
- Header And Footer Access toolbar odkY wif
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
tkyfpkrS Page Number udk xm;Edkifonf/ ¤if;twGuf
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
uvpf vkyfjyD; ay:vmaom - Ribbon wGif Insert odkY
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
Paragraph indents rsm;udk csed n f &§d ef rSm ruler rsO;f ay:&Sd Mw*d yH kH
pop-up menu rsm;rS Cur- ajymif;jyD; Header & Foo-
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
rent Position ud k a&G ;cs,f ter rS Header od k Y r [k w f twH ;
k i,f
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
uav;ud k armuf pj
f z ifh zdjy;D a&TaU y;Edik f onf/ pmyd'k w
f iG f
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
uvpf vkyfyg/ Footer (design tab) udk oif insertion point csxm;cJo h nfh pmom;rsm;onf a&To U mG ;
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
- Plain Number udk uvpf zGiyhf g/ Blank udk a&G;cs,yf g/ ygvrd rhf nf/ pmyd'k f (paragraph) wpfck xufyjkd y;D ajymif;vdyk gu
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
vk yfyg/ - Position tkyfpkrS Insert tqdyk g pmyd'k f tm;vH;k udk select vkyf a&G;cs,x
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
f m;yg/
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
156 uGefysLwm*sme,f
uGeyf sLwmoifcef;pm
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
udef;rsm;udk ajymif;jyD; ½kduf Ruler rsO;f wGif Paragraph odkYr[kwf pmydk'frsm;twGuf uvpf E S p f c suf Ed S y f y g/
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
xnfhEdkifonf/ odkYr[kwf Indents rsm;udk csed n f j§d cif; acgif;pD;? pmom;rsm;? pmvHk; (Ctrl+Shift+C) uD;rsm;udk
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
jrm;yH kw Hk;uav;ud k armuf pf Ruler rsOf; udk toH k;jyK yH k p H ? pmvH k ; t&G , f t pm; EdyS Ef ikd o
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 f nf/ xdYk aemuf copy
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
jzifh axmufí udef;rsm;udk jyD; rm*sifrsm;udk ajymif;vJ ponf wdkYudk txl;jyKvkyf ud k uvpf v k y f j yD ; paste
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
ajymif;Edkifonf/ ¤if;wGif csdefnd§ay;Edkifonf/ Ruler 'DZdkif;xkwf&jcif;rsm; &dSonf/ vkyfvdkonfh pmrsufESmodkY
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
Top, Left, Bottom, Right rsO;f \ tay:&dS Mwd*w H ;kH onf xdktcg pmrsufESmwdkif;wGif oGm;yg/
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
ESifhtwl Gutter, Gutter pmydk'f\ yxrpmaMumif; pDpOfxm;jyD;onfh format udk - vd k t yf o nf h a e&m od k Y
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
position wdkYudk awGUEdkifyg (First Line Indent) twGuf topf jyef vnf jyKvkyf&ef r[kwf pmrsufEmS topfwiG f
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
onf / ud e f ; rsm;ud k oif jzpfjyD; atmufrS Mwd*HwHk; tcsd e f Mumygvd r f h r nf / paste vkyfvdkufyg/ aumfyD
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
ajymif;aeonfhtwdkif; Pre- onf pmydk'f\ atmufpm xdkYtwGuf tqdkyg jyifqif udk o,faqmif&mwGif pm
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
view wG i f puú L yH k p H o nf aMumif; tm;vHk; (Hanging jyD;onfh format udk wpfpk rsuf E S m ay:ü b&yf c sf y H k
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
vnf ; ajymif ; aeonf u d k Indent) twGuf jzpfonf/ wnf;xm;um aemuf wpf (paintbrush icon) uav;
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
awGU&ygrnf/ pwk*yH kH twH;k i,fonf Left ae&m pmrsufESmwGif copy- wGJygaernf/
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
Indent ESifh nmbuftpGefrS paste jyKvkyfEdkifonf/ ¤if; - Clipboard &dS Format
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
rSwpf k Mwd*HwHk;i,fonf Right In- wG i f margins, indent, Painter cvkwu f kd tjref jrif
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
oif o nf tabs, in- dent jzpfonf/ ¤if;wdkYudk tabs, font style, font size, vdkygu Alt+H, FP uD;rsm;
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
dents ES i f h ruler wd k Y ud k wpfckcsif; a&TUEdkifouJhodkY text color ponfwdkY ygjyD; udk EdSyfMunfhyg/
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
tenf ; i,f a&maxG ; ae Mwd*HyHk wHk;ESpfck tMum;odkY jzpfonf/ odYk jzpfí oifonf - oifonf wpfMudrfom
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
aumif ; aeygvd r f h r nf / armufpfwifonfhtcg ESpf format wpfckudk jyefvnf paste vkyf oHk;rnfqdkygu
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
Indents onf pmydk'f (pa- zufjrm;OD;yHk icon ay:vmyg zefwD;&ef rvdkawmhbJ wpf Format Painter cvkwfudk
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
ragraph) wpfck\ tus,f rnf/ ¤if;taetxm;wGif Mudrf jyKvkyfxm;onfh for- wpfMudrfom uvpf vkyfyg/
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
(width) udk ajymif;vJay; armufpfudk zdjyD; drag vkyf mat twd k i f ; vsif j ref p G m ESpMf udrf (double-click) EdyS f
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
jcif ;jzpfí rm*sifrsm;onf qGJjcif;jzifh wHk;tm;vHk; yg qufvuf aqmif&GufEdkifyg cJhvQif ae&mtrsKd;rsKd;wGif
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
vuf&dS jyK vkyf xm; onfh vmygvdrfhrnf/ onf/
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 tMudrfrsm;pGm paste vkyfEdkif
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
tydkif; (section) odkYr[kwf
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 ygrnf /
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
document \ tus,fudk Format Painter Format Painter jzifh - tu,fí oifonf pmydk'f
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
qdo
k nf rm
S
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
ajymif;vJay;onf/ format rsm;udk tjref udk a&G;cs,fjcif; rjyKygu
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
pmpD &mwGi f pmyd k
' f
w pf
c k jyK v
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121y
k j
f cif
; vuf&dS a&mufaeonfh pm
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 Word wG i f oif a &G ; rsuE f mS rS pmyd'k \
f format udk
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
cs,fxm;onfh pmom;rsm;\ toH k;jyKygvd r fhrnf/
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
format udk format painter - Format Painter vk y f
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
Ed S y f j yD ; aumf y D u l ; ,l u m aqmifcsufudk rvdktyfvQif
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
tjcm; Word pmrsufESmwGif Esc uD;udk EdSyfvdkufyg/
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
paste vk y f E d k i f o nf / ¤if ;
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
twGuf
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 rSwpf k
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
- vdkcsifonfh pmom;tm;
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 Format Painter onf
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
highlight vkyf a&G;cs,fyg/ Word 2003 wGif yg0ifjyD;
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
Home tab odkY ajymif;yg/ Excel, PowerPoint wdYk wi
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
- G f
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
Home \ b,fbuftpGef&dS vnf; aqmif&GufEdkifonf/
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
Clipboard tkyfpkrS Format
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
Painter (pkwfwHyHk icon) udk
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
atmufwb
dk m? 2008 157
uGeyf sLwmoifcef;pm
Downloading #Dum
tykid ;f (2 )
What to download
Downloading music
aw;*Dwvkyfief;awGu avmavmq,ftcsdeftxd xl;jcm;wJh ajymif;vJrIawG
&SdaeqJjzpfw,f/ ajymif;vJrIyHkpHawGu aES;auG;w,fvdkYqdk&ayr,fh pD'DawGeJY
toH;k jyKrIqw
kd muawmh vH;k vH;k acwfuek o
f mG ;jyDvYkd ajymEkid yf gw,f/ wpfenf;ajym&&if
aw;*DwoDcsif;opfawGukd pD'aD wGeYJ om a&mif;cswJph epfxuf high-quality digital
music files awGukd tifwmeufuae b,ftcse d f b,fumvrSmyJjzpfjzpf download
cs0,f,lwJhpepfu ydkjyD; ae&m,lvmaewmvdkY ajym&rSm jzpfygw,f/
158 uGefysLwm*sme,f
uGeyf sLwmoifcef;pm
0,fzYkd download vkyzf Ykd cGijhf yKxm;ay;Muw,f/ wpfcsed w f nf; 0ifqhHrIyrmPrsm;rsm; (oHk;rdepfpm aw;*Dw oDcsif;wpfyk'f
rSmyJ emrnfr&ao;wJh aw;*DwtzGJYawG? tqdk awmfawG? *Dw twGuf 3 Mb ae&m,lvdrfhr,f)
tEkynm&Siaf wGuvnf; vlov d matmif tcrJh tGev f idk ;f ay:u Sound card (rdrd download vkyfxm;jyD; music udk
atmufwb
kd m 2008 159
uGeyf sLwmoifcef;pm
MP3 qdw
k mu MPEG -1 Audio Layer 3 twGuf oH;k EIe;f wJh
od rSwf p &m a0g[m&jzpfw,f/ Files awG&JUtrnfrSm .mp3 qdkwJh
aemufqufav;eJY todtrSwfjyKxm;apw,f/ Audio trsm;
tifwmeufay:u music udk files av;awGtjzpf cGJxkwf pku MP3 format eJY &Ekdifw,f/ toHt&nftaoG; tvGef
download vkyfapw,f/ jyD;&if wef;pDjyD; tqufrjywf aumif;ygw,f/ vlawG&UJ em;rSm rcHr&yfEidk af pr,fh toHawG&UJ
pD;qif;apw,f/ 'gudk streamed vkyfw,fvdkYac:w,f/ frequencies awGudk cGmcsay;xm;jyD; files t&G,ftpm; ao;
Streaming qdkwJh t"dyÜm,fuawmh rdrdtaeeJY tifwmeuf ao;eJY &,lEkdifapygw,f/
csd w f q uf x m;pOf t wG i f ; audio ud k yuwd t wd k i f ;
AAC qdkwmu Apple &JU udk,fykdif format wpfckjzpfw,f/
em;axmif,lEkdifapwmvdkY rSwf,lxm;Ekdifw,f/ 'DtcgrSm
downloading vkyfjyD; em;qifaew,fqdkwJhoabmxuf
a,bk,soabmt& MP3 t&nftaoG;xuf ydkjyD;aumif;
rdrdMudKufESpfouf&m wDAGDtpDtpOfudk xkwfvTifhaewmvkdY atmif yHhydk;aqmif&Gufxm;ay;w,f/ Apple &JU iTunes
player qdw k m music store wpfcjk zpfjyD; iPod awGrmS toH;k jyK
xifa,mifoGm;apygw,f/ uGefysLwmu vufcH&,lay;
w,f/ rdrdu em;qifw,f/ 'gayr,fh rdrdtwGuf 'D audio EkdifzdkY default eJY AAC awGudk tm;vHk;twGuf toHk;cs,lap
&JU rdwåLudk odrf;xm;vdkY r&EkdifcJhay/ 'DvdkyHkpHrsKd;eJY music w,f/ (MP3 format udv k nf; yhyH ;kd aqmif&u
G af y;xm;ao;wJh
sites awmfawmfrsm;rsm;u rMumcPqdkovdk stream
taetxm;vnf;&Sdapw,f/) ydkjyD; eufeJwJh enf;ynmeJY &Sdae
sections awG xm;&Sad vh&MdS uw,f/ wpfenf;ajym&&if tcrJh
apwJhtwGuf wcsKdU PC-compatible music players awG
AAC format qdk&if zGifhr&EkdifbJ &SdEkdifygw,f/
em;qifciG ahf y;vku
d wf mygyJ/ 'Dvkd stream udk em;qifzYkd wcsKUd
site awGuawmh oifhawmfwJhEIef;xm; tenf;i,f avmufeJY
WMA qdkwmu Windows Media Audio udk udk,fpm;jyK
awmif;cH,lwmrsKd;vnf; &Sdwwfygw,f
ay;wJh a0g[m&jzpfw,f/ MP3 file awGudk Microsoft u
rGrf;rHjyifqifxm;wJh format trsKd;tpm;vdkY rSwf,lxm;Ekdifyg
w,f/ WMA files awGu t&nftaoG;vnf;aumif;w,f/
MP3 files awGxufvnf; t&G,ftpm; ododomom ao;
iTunes Music Stores rS tcrJo
h cD si;f udk i,fapw,f/ Portable music player awGtwGuf tvGef
download vky,
f yl kH
160 uGefysLwm*sme,f
uGeyf sLwmoifcef;pm
ay:jyLvmjzpfwJh tGefvkdif; format wpfckvdkY qdk&ygvdrfhr,f/ w&m;0ifowday;csuf
Apple &JU iTunes player eJY iPod awGuawmh 'D format udk tifwmeufaw;*DwjrifuiG ;f rSm ESptf awmfMumMum w&m;
toHk;cscGifhay;rSm r[kwfay/ oHk;csifw,fqdk&if tJ'D files r0if download vkyf,lrIawG vTrf;rdk;aecJhw,f/ odyfrsm;jym;
wpfcck si;f udk AAC file awGtjzpf ajymif;jyD;rSom oH;k Ekid rf mS jzpf vSwmrdkY wpfcgwav w&m;0if cGifhjyKxm;wJh website u
w,f/ download vky, f w
l mvm;/ w&m;r0if site vm; qdw k mudyk if
a0cG&J cufaewwfapygw,f/ Digital Rights Management
WAV qdkwmu compress vkyfrxm;wJh PC format wpfck twGuf yHkpHtrsKd;rsKd; xnfhxm;&ovdk stores awGuvnf;
jzpfw,f/ t&nftaoG; tvGefjrifhrm;w,f/ pD'Dwpfcsyfudk olwdkY&JU download vkyfief;pOfawGrSm xnfhxm;&w,f/
zGiehf m;axmif&ovdk aumif;w,fvYkd qd&k rSmjzpfw,f/ b,fvkd wpfcgwav arharhavsmhavsmh ayghayghwefwefeJY 'DOya'udk
yJjzpfjzpf file &JU t&G,ftpm;uawmh MuD;rm;aerSmjzpfw,f/ csK;d azmufjyD; pD'x
D J oGi;f xnfu
h ;l ,lwmwdYk rdwaf qGwpfa,muf
(wpfrdepfpmudk 10 Mbs avmuf ae&m,lEkdifw,f) 'DtwGuf a,mufqDudk download vkyf ydkYay;wmwdkY &SdEkdifygw,f/
tifwmeufrSm toHk;csavhr&SdMuay/ xl;xl;jcm;jcm; online a,bk,soabmt& iTunes vdk ay:jyLvm trSwf
stores wcsKdUu 'D format udkoHk;jyD; download vky,
f al pwm wHqdyf&SdjyD; store wpfckuae download wpfckudk vufcH
rsKd; &Sdwwfygw,f/ t"du &nf&G,fcsufuawmh recording aqmif&GufEkdifw,f/ 'DvdkyJ Rhapsody wdkY? Napster wdkYrSm
udpeö JY radio production twGuf jzpfygw,f/ vnf; &SdEkdifw,f/ ukd,fykdif wpfukd,fa&oHk;zdkYtwGuf pD'Day:
rSm ul;xnfw h muawmh bmrSrjzpfayr,fh 'Dvu kd ;l xm;jyD;om;
AIFF qdkwmu Audio Interchange file format &JU twdk
pD'Dudk rdwfaqGqDudk rQa0rdcJh&if Oya'csKd;azmufwJhoabm
aumufa0g[m&jzpfjyD; compress rvkyx f m;wJh Mac format
oufa&mufoGm;apw,f/ wpfenf;ajym&&if w&m;r0if
wpfckjzpfw,f/ t&nftaoG; tvGefjrifhrm;w,f/ 'gayr,fh
wpfqifhcH jzefYa0ovdk jzpfoGm;apw,f/ 'DvdkvkyfrdwJhtwGuf
t&G,ftpm;u tvGefMuD;rm;jyD; ae&mtvGeftrif;,lrSmjzpf
csufcsif;tzrf;cH&r,fh obm0awmh r&Sday/ P2P system
w,f/ WAVs awGvykd J audio production &&SEd idk af pzdYk oD;jcm;
wpfcktay: b,fvdk copyright track awG? file awG 'grS
toHk;cswJh format vdkY rSwf,lEkdifygw,f/ Podcasts awGvdk
r[kwf downloading tracks awG rQa0jzefYcsdcJhr,fqdk&if rdrd
recording vkyfwJhudpeö JY radio programs awGudk wnf;jzwf
taeeJY Oya'csKd;azmufol aocsmaygufjzpfoGm;w,f/ tcefY
ul;,lwJhudpwö dkYtwGufyJ oHk;Muygw,f/
roifh&ifawmh w&m;pGJcH&rSm trSefjzpfygw,f/
"Single Of The Week" ay:rmS &Sm&ygvrd rhf ,f/ image &JU puúeYf 30 avmuf preview vkyzf Ykd oDcsi;f trnfay:rmS double
atmufrmS rdrt
d wGuf tcrJh download vky&f Ekid rf ,fh aw;*Dw -click vky, f yl g/ rpwifcif enf;enf;awmh apmif&h yg v)drrhf ,f/
oDcsi;f awGukd jyKpx
k m;wJh pm&if;wpfcu
k kd awG&Y rSmjzpfw,f/ (rdrt
d oH;k jyKxm;wJh internet connection tay: rlwnf
w,f/)
atmufwb
kd m 2008 161
uGeyf sLwmoifcef;pm
o wd jyK &ef
wcsKdUoDcsif;awG iTunes store u tcrJh &,lEkdifyg
w,f/ wcsKUd uawmh digital music awGtay:rSm yku d q
f H
acRwmcsifw,fqdk&if download cHay;jyD; oufouf
omom &,lEkdifwmrsKd;vnf; &Sdygw,f/ usoifhaiG&Sif;zdkY
udpu ö credit card bill eJY aqmif&Gufay;ygvdrfhr,f/
tao;pdwf &Sif;vif;yHkudk aemufydkif; tcef;u@awGrSm
&Sif;vif;wifjyay;rSm jzpfw,f/
162 uGefysLwm*sme,f
uGeyf sLwmtar;tajz
uGeyf sLwmtar;tajz
Defrag vkyv
f Ykd r&yg
Q uRefawmfh uGefysL A [mh ' f ' pf r S m jy
wm C: udk defrag vkyf&mrSm óem wpfckck &dSvdkYyg/ ¤if;
"De-fragmentation of C: scandisk eJY chkdsk wdkYudk
has been aborted due to toHk;jyKygr,f/ ½dkufyHk ½dkuf
inconsistencies that ........" enf; vGJaevdkYyg/ oHk;aewJh
vdkY jyaeygw,f/ [mh'f'pf vkyif ef; (aqmhz0f )J rsm;udk ydwf
ysuf w mrsm;vm; cif A sm;/ xm;vdkufyg/ Run (box) udk
tJ ' g tod w pf a ,muf u zGijhf yD; "chkdsk /f /r" vdYk ½du k f
scandisk vk y f & r,f q d k v d k Y xnfhyg/ check disk /f /r
Run (box) rSm scandisk onf fix errors and recover
½dkufawmhvnf; Windows lost data udk qdkvdkygw,f/
cannot find 'scandisk' vkdY tJ'Dvdk ½dkufxnfhwJhtcg C: dule this volume to be tjyma&mifaemufceH YJ [mh''f pf
jyygw,f/ Chkdsk vdkY ½dkuf >Command Prompt ay: checked the next time the udk ppfaeygvdrfhr,f/ tcsdef
awmhvnf; "C parameter vmjyD; "Chkdsk cannot run system restarts? <Y/N>" toifhtwifh Mumygr,f/
not specified .." vdkY jyyg becasue the volume is in vdkY jyaumif;jyygvdrfhr,f/ Y Scandisk udk oHk;csif&if
w,f/ bmhaMumifh jzpf&onf use by another porcess. vdkYay;jyD; uGefysLwmudk re- CD/DVD drive xJ r S m
udk &Sif;jyay;ygcifAsm;/ Would you like to sche- start vkyfyg/ uGefysLwmrSm 0if;'dk;pfpepf pD'Dudk t&if
xnfx h m;yg/ 'sfc /scannow'
vdkY ½dkufxnfhyg/ ¤if;onf
system file checker udk qdk
vdkygw,f/ tcsdef twefMum
scan vkyfjyD; jyifay;ygvdrfh
r,f/ jyD;&if defrag vkyf
Munhfyg/ [mh'f'pfudk ppfzdkY&m
tjcm; enf;vrf;rsm;pGmvnf;
&dSygw,f/ oD;jcm; aqmhzf0J
rsm;udk oHk;MunhfEdkifygw,f/
atmufwb
dk m? 2008 163
uGeyf sLwmtar;tajz
Kaspersky 2009 wifvYkd r&yg jcif;? update vkyfjcif;rsm;rSm ½dkuf yg/ aemuf awGU wJh
zsufr& jzpfwwfygw,f/ tqdkyg trnfrsm;udk delete
Q uRefawmf tifwm - regedit vdkY ½dkufxnfhyg/ (1) uGeyf sLwmudk safe mode vkyEf ikd yf gw,f/ C:\Program
eufuae Kaspersky 2009 - HKEY_LOCAL_ eJY 0ifyg/ (F8 uD;udk EdSyfjyD; Files xJrS KAV odkYr[kwf
wpfvavmuf trial taeeJY MACHINE/SOFTWARE 0if&ef) tJ'Duae Control Kaspersky Anti Virus
oHk;zdkY&m download &,ljyD; udk zGifhyg/ Panel odkY oGm;jyD; Add and zdkvf'gudkvnf; zsufyg/ uGef
install vkyfygw,f/ t&if - SOFTWARE udk zGifhcs Remove Programs uae ysLwmudk restart jyefvkyfyg/
oHk;aewJh AVG antivirus vdkufjyD; (A to Z) tpDtpOf Remove vkyfMunhfyg/ (4) AVG vdk tjcm; anti-
software udk Add or Re- t& AVG 8 udk &Smyg/ odkY (2) 'Denf;eJYr&&if tifwm virus aqmhzf0J wpfckckudk
move Programs uae pepf r[kwf Grisoft zdkvf'gudk euf r S w pf q if h WKS6 wifjyD; install vkyfvdkufyg/
wus z,fxkwfjyD;ygjyD/ Ka- &Smyg/ cleaner.zip udk download cs xd k t cg Kaspersky 6.0
spersky 2009 udw k ifwthJ cg - awGU&if zsufvdkufyg/ &,lyg/ ¤if; zip udk jznfjyD; &dSaeí zsufrvm; ponf
AVG 8 udk t&ifjzKwfygvdkYyJ wpfckawmh owday;vdk remove. bat zd k i f u d k run ar;ygr,f/ Yes udk EdSyfjyD;
ajymaeygw,f/ a&SUqufvdkY ygw,f/ Registry rSm 0ifjyD; vdu k yf g/ Removal jyD;ajrmuf zsufyg/
r&yg/ ajz&Sif;Edkifr,fh enf; wpfckckudk zsufw,fqdkwm aMumif; comfirm jyonf
vrf;udk a&;jyay;ygcifAsm;/ oifh uGef ysL wm twGuf txd cPapmifhay;yg/ OK
tEÅ&m,f rsm;ygw,f/ tqif udk EdSyfvdkufyg/ uGefysLwmudk
A Kaspersky u roifh&if pepfwpfckvHk; ysuf restart jyefvkyfyg/
wpfOD;wnf; &Sif;ay;csifvdkY oGm;Edik v
f Ykd owdxm; vkyu
f ikd f (3) Start > Run uae
aerSmyg/ bmyJjzpfjzpf usef apvdkygw,f/ regedit vdkY ½dkufxnfhyg/ F3
aewJh AVG zdv
k 'f g? zdik rf sm;udk vuf p eJ Y Kaspersky uD;udk EdSyfvdkufyg/ odkYr[kwf
&Sif;ay;&ygvdrfhr,f/ 6.0 udk zsufr&wmeJY ywf Edit > Find... (Ctrl+F) udk
- Start/Run (box) udk zGifh ouf j yD ; a&;ygr,f / ¤if ; zGiyhf g/ Find (box) ay:vmyg
yg/ onf 0if;'dk;pfudk repair vkyf r,f/ tJ'DrSm Kaspersky vdkY
164 uGefysLwm*sme,f
uGeyf sLwmtar;tajz
jrefrmvdk oHk;EdkifygjyD
Q (1) Unicode vGef;w,fvdkY ajymMuvdkYyg/
version 5.1 eJY MyMyan- tjcm; enf;vrf;&dSvQif odvdk
mar Second generation wl ygw,f/
ygovm;/ b,fvkd uGmjcm;yg xGe;f xGe;f OD; (armfvjrKd i)f
ovJ/ b,fvdk toHk;jyK&yg
ovJ/ A 1/ MyMyan-
(2) Access 2003 wGif sub- mar Unicode system sec-
form &JU column wpfckudk ond generation onf Uni-
jref r mvd k oH k ; vd k y gw,f / code Standare 5.1 eJYtnD udk download cs,l prf;oyf rsm;pGm &dyS gw,f/ D-Link udk
Column wpf c k w nf ; rS m tvkyfvkyfay;EdkifwJh pepfMuD; toHk;jyKEdkifygw,f/ prf;oHk;Munhfyg/ tdrfem;rSm
jrefrmeJY t*Fvyd w f o
JG ;kH vdYk &yg wpf c k jzpf y gw,f / My- 2/ Access 2003 wG i f cyber cafe &dS&if wpfvdkif;
ovm;/ b,fvkd vkyaf qmif& Myanmar 2G udk toH;k jyKjyD; jrefrmpmoHk;zdkY&m MyMyan- avmuf iS m ;oH k ; Munh f y g/
rvJ/ tcsuftvufrsm;udk Uni- mar udk prf;MunhE f ikd yf gw,f/ Cybercafe eJY armif&ihf tdrf
(3) IP Star, ADSL rwwf code Standard eJYtnD a&; 3/ ADSL avmufrS roHk;&if udk network MudK;wpfacsmif;
Edkifyg/ PAC wGif oHk;&wm Edik ?f odr;f Edik ?f zwfEikd yf gw,f/ aES ; wmud k MuH K ae&rS m yg/ csw
d jf yD; ADSL speed udk oH;k
vnf;tqifrajyyg/ b,fvdk MyMyanmar.net website Modem eJ Y ywf o uf v d k Y MunhfEdkifygw,f/
modem rsKd; 0,f&rvJ/ aES; uae Free Online version 56Kbps modem trsK;d tpm;
atmufwb
dk m? 2008 165
uGeyf sLwmtar;tajz
]v-&uf-ESp}f tjzpf vufcyH g =DATEDIF(D5,D12,"y")&"
w,f/ odkYjzpfí aeYpGJxnfh&m years "&DATEDIF (D5,
rSm? Oyrm- r0if;cif ]29- D12,"ym") & " months
08-1995} udk ]8/29/1995} "&DATEDIF(D5,D12,
vdkY xnfh&ygw,f/ uRefawmf "md")&" days" jzpf y g
ÓPfrrDvdkYvnf; jzpfEdkifyg w,f/ aemufazmfjrLvmonf
w,f/ ]ESpf? v? &uf} ae&mrSm jrefrm
- ,ck jrefrmpmtjzpfajymif; vdk ajymif;xm;wm jzpfyg
xm;vdkY rsufpd½Iyfaumif; ½Iyf w,f/
ygvdrfhr,f/ tqifrajy&if =DATEDIF(D5,D12,"y")&"
t*FvdyfpmeJYom t&ifzefwD; ESpf "&DATEDIF (D5,
Munhfyg/ D12,"ym")&"v" & DATE-
- aeYpGJudk aeYpOf update DIF (D5,D12,"md")&" uf"
jzpfaezdkY&m qJvfwpfuGuf azmf j rLvmonf wpf q uf
(D12) rSm =TODAY( ) vdkY wnf ; jzpf a yr,f h years,
tqifajyygw,f/ tawG; format wpfckudk zefwD;yg azmfjrLvmxnfhyg/ months, days pmvHk;awG&JU
tac:av;awmh &dS&ygr,f/ r,f/ ,ck dd-mm-yyyy vdYk - toufudk wGufwGuf? vkyf a&SU-aemufudk wpfuGufpD
tck wwfEdkifoavmuf zef zefwD;vdkufygw,f/ oufukd wGuw f u
G f azmfjrLvm jcm;xm;ygw,f/ tajzrSm
wD;ay;xm;ygw,f/ - aemufwpfcsuf owdjyKp&m wpfckwnf;udkyJ oHk;xm;yg pmvHk;awG uyfraeap&ef?
- Excel udk zGifhyg/ u uRefawmfwdkYu aeYpGJudk w,f / azmf j rLvm&S n f v d k Y Munfhaumif;atmif cGmxm;
- ta&;MuD;onfh tcsufrSm ]&uf-v-ESpf} qdkjyD; ,lyg oD;jcm; azmfjyxm;ygw,f/ wmyg/
xnfhrnfh qJvfuGuftm;vHk; w,f/ 'gayr,fh Excel u rlv azmfjrLvmonf - ,ck Excel rSm armif&if
udk wpfrsKd;wnf; jzpfaeapzdkY
jzpfygw,f/ qdv k wkd mu Ex-
cel rSm date eJYywfoufjyD;
format trsKd;rsKd; &dSygw,f/
Oyrm 14-Mar01, March
14, 2001, 3/14/01, Wed-
nesday, March 14, 2001
ponf jzpfygw,f/ Format
awG wl r S o m wG u f & wm
tqifajyygvdrfhr,f/
- ¤if;twGuf Format Cells
udk zGifhjyD; Number/Date udk
a&G;cs,fyg/ aemuf Custom
odkY ajymif;jyD; Type: rSm date
166 uGefysLwm*sme,f
uGeyf sLwmtar;tajz
software.html), USB Me-
mory Stick Data Recovery
(http://www.brothersoft.
com/usb-memory-stick-
data-recovery-software-
52603.html) ponf jzpfyg
w,f/
tck ay:wJh USB me-
mory stick awGrSm aqmhzf0J
awG MudKwif xnfhxm;wm
awG U vm&ygw,f / Live
USB, S3 system USB
ponf stick rsm;vnf; &dSyg
w,f/
(C) USB memory stick
awG tysufrsm;wm? tysuf
vdck siw
f hJ tcsurf sm;udyk J xnhf pkaygif;jyD; ]]uGefysLwm tar; Forma 2.0, TICK 1.17, Stick jrefwmawmh vufawGU jzpfae
xm;ygw,f/ 'gudk oabm tajzrsm;}}tjzpf pmtkyf ½dkuf 2.8.0.66 ponf jzpfjyD; data ygw,f/ ¤if;twGuf ar;jref;
ayguf & if vpm? tcsd e f y d k EdSyfxkwfa0xm;ygw,f/ recovery twG u f pen olrsm;ayr,fh wduswJh tajz
ponfwdkYudk qufvufwGuf (*) USB memory stick drive data recovery soft udk uRefawmf&Smr& jzpfae
ay;Edkifygw,f/ awGudk toHk;rsm;vmwmeJY ware (http://www.data ygw,f/ wcsKdUuvnf; rl&if;
Excel eJY ywfoufjyD; trQ oD;jcm;aqmhz0f aJ wG ay: doctor.in/data-recovery- branded ypönf; r[kwfvdkY
,cif *sme,frsm;rSm rMum aeygjyD/ Oyrm USB memo- software/download-pen- tysuf jrefw,fvdkY qdkMuyg
cP ajzcJhygw,f/ ¤if;wdkYudk ry stick format twG u f drive-data-recovery- w,f/
atmufwb
dk m? 2008 167
uGeyf sLwmtar;tajz
Oyrmtm;jzifh microcontrol- ay: PS3, iPod, Xbox360, yg/ aMumfjimwpfct k & &efuek f eufu vTifhwJh 'pf*spfw,f
ler chip qdyk gawmh/ ¤if;onf Washing machines uJhodkY jrd K U qd y f u rf ; omvrf ; u rD'D,mzdkifrsm; jzpfygw,f/
flash ROMs ay:wGif pDpOf rD'D,mypönf;eJY vloHk;ukef F@X computer rSm jyifEdkif iPod eJY broadcast udk aygif;
a&;qGJxm;jcif;jzpfjyD; uGefysL ypönf;rsm;rSm tqdkyg cspfyf w,fvdkY od&ygw,f/ MP3 jyD; Podcast vdYk xGiv
f ukd w
f hJ
wmrSm BIOS vdk cspfyfrsKd; rsm;udk xnfhjyD; oHk;aeMuwm awGvnf; tysufrsm;vmwm pum;vH;k yg/ txl;ojzifh c&D;
qdkygawmh/ VGA uwfawG? jzpfygw,f/ vuf a wG U MuH K ae&ygw,f / aqmif media player rsm;eJY
modem awGrSm oD;jcm; y½dk MP4 player odkYr[kwf bmaMumifh tysufrsm;onf uGefysLwmrSm oHk;zdkYjzpfjyD;
*&rf a&;qGxJ nfx h m;wJh cspfyf acwfay: ypönf;rsm;ESifh ywf udk tajzudk &Smr&ao;yg/ Podcast player taeeJ Y
rsm; jzpfygw,f/ ,aeY acwf oufí tawGUtMuHK r&dSao; Podcast onf tifwm vnf; xkwfvkyfxm;ygw,f/
Default vkyfr,fqdk&if
Q uRefawmf zdkif odkY &yf p f a Mumif h v d k Y ajymMuyg
r[kwf zdkvf'gwpfck zGifhvdkuf w,f / [k w f y govm;/
wdkif; Find Command 0if b,fvdk jyif&ef&EdkifygovJ/
aevdkYvm; rodbl;/ Search udx k G#f (jyifO;D vGi)f
result window ay: ay:vm
ygw,fcifAsm;/ uRefawmf A ar;cGef; tm;vHk;
tJ'D zkdifawG? zdkvf'gawGudk udk jcHKMunfhvdkuf&if search
right click ay;jyD; Open odkY jyóemvd k Y ,l q vd k u f y g
r[kwf Explore udk a&G;vdu k f w,f/ &SmazG&orQ enf;vrf;
rS olwdkYxJrSm&dSwJh zdkifawG? rsm;udk a&;ay;yghr,f/ pdwf
zd k v f ' gawG ay:vmw,f / &SnfpGm prf;oyfMunhfapvdkyg
owdxm;rdwmu tJ'D right w,f/
click ay;vdkuf&if "Search enf;vrf; (1)
..." qd k w J h Command u Start (menu) &JU ab;ae&m yg/ Advanced odkY ajymif; enf;vrf; (2)
xdyfqHk;rSm a&mufaewmygyJ/ vGwfrSm armufpfnmuvpf yg/ ¤if ; wG i f Search ud k aemufwpfenf;rSm registry
Default jzpfaewJh oabm EdSyfjyD; Properties udk zGifhyg/ trS w f j cpf a&G ; cs,f x m; odkY 0ifjyD; ppf&efjzpfygw,f/
yg/ tJ'g b,fvdk jyefjyD; jyif Start Menu (tab) udk ajymif; ovm;qdkwm ppfMunhfyg/ ¤if;twGuf run rSm regedit
vdkY&EdkifrvJ cifAsm;/ 'Open' yg/ Customize cvkwu f kd zGihf vdYk ½du
k x
f nfyh g/ Box ay:&if
command udkyJ vkyfxm;csif HKEY_CURRENT_USER\
ygw,f/ Software\Microsoft\Win-
aemuf uGefysLwm wpf dows\CurrentVersion\
vHk;rSm jzpfaewmu 'Search' Policies\Explorer\NoFind
tvkyf rvkyfwmygyJ/ Se- odkYa&mufatmif tqifhqifh
arch (tab) udy k EJ ySd Ef ySd ?f short- zGifhyg/ wu,fvdkY NoFind
cut key jzpfwJh F3 udkyJ EdSyf &JU wefz;kd onf '01 00 00 00'
EdyS ?f 'Search' result window jzpfae&if '00'1 00 00 00' vdYk
ay:rvmyg/ wcsKdUu Adkif; ajymif;ay;vdkufyg/ uGefysL
168 uGefysLwm*sme,f
uGeyf sLwmtar;tajz
wmudk restart jyefvkyfyg/
enf;vrf; (3)
uGefysLwmrS Windows/inf
(folder) udk zGiy
hf g/ ¤if;zdv
k 'f g
udkazsmufxm;wwfí Tools/
Folder Options/View/
Show hidden files and fol-
ders eJY t&ifazmfxkwfyg/
odkYr[kwf Start/Run (box)
udk zGifhjyD; %System Root%
\inf vdkY ½dkufxnfhvdkufyg/ - Windows Registry Edi- Search ud k azsmuf x m;
jyD;&if srchasst .inf zdik u
f kd &Sm tor Version 5.00 enf;vrf; (7)
ovm; ppf M unh f y g/ ¤if ;
yg/ zdkifudk awGU&if armufpf HKEY_LOCAL_MACH twG u f Start/Run... rS m wpfcgwpf&HrSm Search onf
nmuvpf EdSyfjyD; Install udk INE\SOFTWARE\Micro- gpedit.msc vdkY½dkufyg/ ay:aysmufaewm r[kwb f J Start
a&G;cs,yf g/ xdo
k Ykd jyKvky&f mrSm soft\Windows\Current vmwJh Group Policy (box) menu rSm ray:wmrsKd; jzpf
CD drive xJwi G f Windows Version\Explorer\Desktop rSm b,fbufu User Con- aewwfygw,f/ ¤if;twGuf
XP CD udk xnfhxm;&yg \NameSpace\{e17d4fc0- figuration udk uvpf zGiy Wins key+F uD;udk Edy
hf g/ S Mf unhf
r,f / vd k t yf & if tqd k y g 5564-11d1-83f2-00a0c90 Administrative Templat- yg/
srchasst.inf zdkifudk tifwm dc849}]@="Search Re- es/ Start Menu and Task-
euf u ae tvG , f w ul sults Folder" qdkwJh pmom; bar udk xyfzGifhjyD; nmbuf enf;vrf; (8)
download &,lEdkifygw,f/ tm;vH k ; ud k ul ; ,l x nf h y g/ jrifuGif;xJrSm 'Remove Se- txufazmfjyygenf;vrf;rsm;
¤if;zdkifudk zdkif (extension) arch menu from Start Me- tm; a&;xm;onfukd r&Si;f yg
enf;vrf; (4) .REG vdkYay;yg/ Save vkyf nu' ud k &S m yg/ vd k t yf & if u http://www.kellyskor-
TweakUI, Tweak-XP Pro4, vdkufyg/ jyD;&if ¤if;zdkifudk ner-xp.com/xp_s.htm #
Scroll bar udk a&TUjyD; &Smyg/
Windows XP Manager uvpfESpfcsuf EdSyfvkdufyg/ search 0ufbfqdkufodkY 0ifjyD;
awGU&if ¤if;ay:odkY armufpf
uJhodkY aqmhzf0Jrsm;udk oHk;jyD; 'Search.reg to the regis- zwfEdkifygw,f/ odkYr[kwf
nmuvpf EdSyfjyD;ay:vmwJh
Search udk jyefvnf azmf try?' qdkjyD; import prompt Search rSm 'Windows XP
pop-up menu rSm Search
xkwfEdkifygw,f/ ar;ygvd r f h r ,f / Yes ud k Search disappear' vdkY ½dkuf
udk Disabled vkyx f m;ovm;
uvpfvkyfyg/ xnfhjyD; ay:vmwJh 0ufbf
qdwk m ppfMunfyh g/ odYk r[kwf
enf;vrf; (5) qd k u f r sm;ud k a&G ; cs,f z wf
enabled vkyfvdkufyg/ OK
- Notepad topf wpfzidk u f kd enf;vrf; (6) Munhfyg/
udk EdSyfjyD; uGefysLwmudk re-
zGifhyg/ wpf a ,muf a ,muf u rsm; start jyefvkyfyg/
enf;vrf; (9)
Adik ;f &yfpaf Mumifv
h Ykdvnf; xnfh
pOf;pm;ay;yg/ Antivirus
aqmhzf0JoHk;jyD; Akdif;&yfpf &Sif;
ay;yg/
atmufwb
dk m? 2008 169
uGeyf sLwmtar;tajz
170 uGefysLwm*sme,f
uGeyf sLwmtar;tajz
&,lEdkifjcif; r&dSbJ rjynfhpHkwJh ery aqmhzf0J? ponfwdkYeJY
zdkifawG jzpfukef[ef wlyg wpfrsKd;csif; cGJjcm;jyD; recov-
w,f/ Icon eJY jyaeayr,fh ery vkyfMunhfyg/
&mcd k i f E I e f ; rjynf h a wmh y g/ ¤if;aqmhzf0Jrsm;eJY [mh'f
'ghaMumifh zdkifudk zGifhvdkY r& 'pfudk wpfckcsif; recovery
awmh w J h taetxm;od k Y vkyfMunfhoifhygw,f/ odkY
a&mufoGm;wmyg/ r[kwf emrnf&xm;onfh re-
Mud K ;pm;Munh f c sif w ,f covery software udk oH;k oifh
qdk&if oufqdkif&m format ygw,f/ ¤if; aqmhzf0JrsKd;udk
awGudkxyfjyD; recover vkyf vnf; trSefusoifh wefzdk;
vkyv f u
kd jf cif;om jzpfygw,f/ 'pfrSm odrf;w,fqdkwm wpf ay;EdkifwJh aqmhzf0JrsKd;udk &Sm& ay;acs0,foifyh gw,f/ qdv k kd
Replace onf rlv ae&mu ae&mwnf;rSm wpfzdkifvHk;udk ygvdrfhr,f/ Oyrmtm;jzifh wmu tif w meuf u ae
data ta[mif;rsm;udk vHk;0 wpfpkwpfpnf;wnf; odrf; .Jpeg zdkifawGudk recover tcrJh download &,lxm;
zHk;tkyfvdkufjcif; odkYr[kwf jcif; r[kwfyg/ Cluster awG vkyfay;r,fh JPEG Recov- wJh aqmhz0f J trsm;pkonf vkyf
zsuf v d k u f j cif ; jzpf v d k Y re- rSm pdwfydkif;jyD; odrf;jcif; jzpf ery Pro aqmh z f 0 J ? Word aqmifEikd cf suf tjynft h 0 ay;
cover vkyf&ef cufoGm;ygjyD/ ygw,f/ odkYjzpfí recover zdik rf sm;udk u,fay;r,fh Stel- rxm;yg/
aemuf zdkifwpfzdkifukd [mh'f onf cluster tukefvHk;udk lar Phoenix Word Recov-
atmufwb
dk m? 2008 171
uGeyf sLwmtar;tajz
Recent rxm;csi&f if
A Webpage rS y&ifh
xkwf,l&mrSm Internet Ex-
plorer 7 u ydkjyD; tqifajy
ygw,f/ ¤if;udk ajymif;oHk;
Munhfyg/
aemuf y&if h r xk w f r D
Print Preview udk t&if a&G;
cs,Mf unhyf g/ tJ'rD mS 'Shrink
172 uGefysLwm*sme,f
uGeyf sLwmoifcef;pm
Chapter (7)
7.1 EVENT LISTENERS IN JAVA LANGUAGE
Sample
174 uGefysLwm*sme,f
uGeyf sLwmoifcef;pm
tJ'D interface twGi;f rSm yg0ifwhJ methods awGukd oufqidk f Code_Line taeeJY a&;jyr,fqkd&if atmufygtwkdif; awGU
&m class taeeJY handle vkyf&rSmygyJ/ jrif&rSmyg/
uJ uRefawmfwYdk u event listener awGukd ac:,ltoH;k cs
Sample
xm;jyDqkd&if tJ'D method awGudk Windowing system u (4) public Void actionPerformed (ActionEvent evt){
tvkdtavsmuf ac:,ltvkyfvkyfay;rSmyg/ b,ftcsdefrSmvJ/ object src = evt.getSource ( );
user bufuae wkHYjyefay;vkdufwJhtcsdefrSmyg/ wpfenf;ajym }
&&ifawmh User Responsed vkyfay;EkdifzdkYtwGufygyJ/
ActionListener interface rSmqkd&if method wpfck 'DtcgrSmawmh object [m getSource ( ) method t&
wnf; yg0ifygw,f/ tJ'guawmh actionPerformed ( ) return vkyfygw,f/ Component udk oGm;jyD;awmh = = op-
method ygyJ/ b,fvdk class rsKd;uky d jJ zpfjzpf ActionListener erator udk toHk;jyKjyD;awmh compare vkyfvdkY &ygw,f/
interface eJY implement vkyfr,fqkd&if a&;&r,fh method atmufrSma&;jyxm;wJh Sample Code_Line [m action-
yHkpHudk atmufrSm a&;jyay;xm;ygw,f/ avhvmMunfhyg/ performed ( ) method xJrSm a&;om;&r,fh yHkpHrsKd;yJ jzpfyg
w,f/
Sample
(3) public Void actionPerformed (ActionEvent evt) { Sample
// handle event here (5) public Void actionPerformed (ActionEvent evt){
} object src = evt. getsource ( ) ;
if (src = = quitButton)
uJ wu,fvdkYrsm; pmzwfol[m zeffwD;vkdufwJh pro- quitButton ( ) ;
gram rSm component wpfckudk xnhfoGif;vkdufjyDqkdMuygpkdY/ else if (src = = sortRecords)
'DtcgrSm user bufu awmif;qdkwmukd Respond vkyfay; SortRecords ( );
EdkifzdkYtwGuf tay:rSm a&;jycJhwJh actionDerformed ( )
method udk a&;om; toH;k cs&rSmygyJ/ 'g[m tjrJwap toH;k Note : 'g[m wyfqiftoHk;jyKxm;wJh Swing & AWT
csa&;om;&r,fh type yJaemf/ rSwfxm;yg/ components awGudk trSefwu,f vIyf&Sm; touf0ifatmif
wpfckxufruwJh components awGudk events lis- a&;om;&wJh tcef;u@yJ jzpfygw,f/ 'gaMumifh jyD;cJhwJh
tener taeeJY ac:,l toHk;csr,fqkd&ifvnf; pmzwfol[m Chapter (1), Chapter (2) u Code_Line a&;om;rIyHkpHukd
azmfjyxm;wJh method udk oufqidk &f m components &JU pnf; om em;vnfoabmaygufrI r&SdcJhbl;qkd&ifaygh/ JFrame
rsOf;pnf;urf;eJYtnDac:,ljyD;awmh toH;k cs&rSmygyJ/ Action- ay:rSm wyfqifxm;wJh Swing & AWT components awG[m
Performed ( ) method udk ac:,l toHk;csr,fqkd&if txl; wu,fwrf;usawmh bmrQ Respond ray;EkdifwJh compo-
owdjyK&r,fh tcsufuawmh ActionEvent Object udk tJ'D nents awGyJ jzpfukefrSmyg/ tck a&;jycJhwJh sample code_
method ( ) &JU argument ae&mrSm xnhfoGif;jyD;awmh a&; line rSmqkd&if else-if statement udk toHk;jyKxm;wmudk awGU
om;&rSmygyJ/ 'g[m tvGefta&;MuD;wJh tcsufygyJ/ jrif&rSmyg/
Action Event tygt0if tjcm;aom event object awG
tm;vHk;[m Event-Handling methods trsm;pk[m event or
java.awt.event package atmufrSm yg0ifygw,f/ components toD;oD;twGuf uGJjym; jcm;em;wJh methods
wpfenf;ajym&&if EventObject Class &JU subclasses awGvYkd awGeJY zefwD; tvkyfvkyfay;Ekdifygw,f/
ajym&ifvnf; rrSm;ygbl;/ Instance of Operator [mqkd&if event-handling
jyD;awmh Event Handling method awGudk toHk;jyKjyD method twGif;rSm yg0ifwJh tvGeftoHk;0ifwJh technique
qkd&if atmufyg method udkvnf; toHk;jyK&rSmygyJ/ yJ jzpfygw,f/ b,fvkd toHk;0ifwmvJqkdawmh b,ftrsKd;
getSource( ); tpm; component udkrqkd event taeeJY generated vkyaf y;
'D method uawmh component udk event taeeJY Edkifygw,f/ atmufrSm a&;jyxm;wJh sample code_line rSm
vIyf&Sm;atmifvkdY qHk;jzwfay;&wmygyJ/ 'Dawmh Sample qdk&if textfield wpfckeJY Button wpfckudk Program rSm xnhf
176 uGefysLwm*sme,f
uGeyf sLwmoifcef;pm
18. Pack ( ); uJ tJ'D class xJrmS rS JButton (2) ckukd b1, b2 qdjk yD;awmh
19. SetVisible (true);
trnfay;jyD;awmhrS zefw;D ygw,f/ vkid ;f eHygwf (6)eJY vdik ;f
20. }
eHygwf (7)rSmyg/
21.
JButton b1 = new JButton("Rosencrantz")
22. public Static void main (String [ ]
argument) { JButton b2=new JButton("Guildenstern");
23. JFrame Frame = new ChangTitle ( ); uJ JButton ay:rSm yg0if&r,fh Caption Name awGudk
24. }
25. vnf; pmzwfol owdjyKrdjyDaemf/ jyD;awmh tJ'D JButton
26. p u b l i c void actionperformed awGukd constructor function xJrmS xnhof iG ;f toH;k csrmS
(ActionEvent evt) {
27. Object Source = ext.getsource ( ); yg/ 'Dawmh constructor function udk avhvmMu&atmif
28. if (source = = b1) vm;/ vkdif;eHygwf (9)rSmawmh ChangeTitle ( ) qkdwJh
29. setTitle ("Rosencrantz");
30. else if (source = = b2) constructor function xJrSmawmh atmufyg code_line
31. setTitle ("Guildenstern"); awGudk a&;om;ay;xm;ygw,f/ Super ( ) method udk
32. repaint ( ); toHk;csjyD;awmhrS-
33. } super ("Change the Title Bar Demon-
34. } strate");
uJ tcka&;jycJhwJh Listing 7.1 [m &Sif;jycJhwJh sample vdYk a&;om;ygw,f/ 'g[m 'D program run vkyjf yDqw dk m
code_line awGudk tajcjyKjyD;awmh a&;jycJhwm jzpfygw,f/ eJY tJ'D TitleText eJYtwl Program [m azmfjyay;xm;
'gaMumifh pmzwfoltaeeJY 'D program udk tvG,fwul avh rSmyg/ jyD;awmh SetDefaultCloseOperation ( ) method
vmvdkY&atmifvdkY Analysis vkyfMunhfMu&atmifvm;/ udk ac:,ltoH;k csxm;ygw,f/ jyD;awmh Object_Variable
Name awG ukd toHk;jyKjyD;awmh-
Analysis addActionListener (this) method eJY ,SOfwGJjyD;awmh
1/ 'D program rSmawmh java &JU package file (3) ckudk toHk;csxm;ygw,f/
Declare vkyfxm;ygw,f/ 'Dae&mrSm - vkid ;f eHygwf (14)rSmawmh Jpanel class udk Object_Name
import javax.swing.*; pane vkdY ay;jyD;awmh ac:,lvdkufygw,f/ jyD;awmh add
import java.awt.*; ( ) method udk toH;k csjyD;awmh JButton awGukd xnho f iG ;f
tp&Swd hJ package files awGuawmh jyD;cJw
h hJ oifcef;pmawG ygw,f/ 'gaMumifh -
rSm toHk;jyK avhvmcJhjyD;om;yg/ tck topfyg0ifvmwJh pane.add(b1);
package file uawmh - pane.add(b2);
import java.awt.event.*; vdYk a&;om;xm;ygw,f/ 'g[m JButton awGukd wyfqif
qkdwJh package file yJ jzpfygw,f/ 'g[m java &JU event xm;vdkufwmygyJ/ usefwJh vkdif;eHygwf (17)(18)(19)rSm
handling awGudk ac:,ltoHk;jyKrSmjzpfwJhtwGuf import a&;om;xm;wJh-
& Declare vkyfxm;wmygyJ/ setContentpane(pane);
2/ tJ'DaemufrSmawmh ChangTitle qkdwJh primary class udk Pack ( );
a&;om;ygw,f/ 'D primary class udk a&;om;&mrSm setVisible(true);
JFrame Class udk extends vkyfxm;ygw,f/ 'g[m tp&SdwJh method awGuawmh &Sif;jyp&m rvkdawmhygbl;/
swing package xJrSm yg0ifwJh JFrameclass udk ex- jyD;cJw
h hJ oifcef;pmawGrmS &Si;f jyjyD;om;rdYk xyfr&Si;f jyawmh
tends vkyfxm;wmaemf/ jyD;awmh ActionListener udk ygbl;/ tjrJwrf;toHk;csaewJh method awGygyJ/ 'Dawmh
implements vkyfxm;ygw,f/ 'g[m ActionListener 'D constructor method xJrmS yg0ifwhJ txJu r&Si;f vif;
Interface udk ta&SUrSm a&;om;ay;cJhovdkrsKd;ygyJ/ Im- wm r&Sdawmhbl;aemf/
plements vkyfxm;wmygyJ/ 'gqkd&ifawmh Event Lis- 3/ vdkif;eHygwf (22)rSmawmh main ( ) function ukd a&;om;
tener awGtaeeJY ac:,ljyD;awmh toHk;csvdkY &jyDayghaemf/ xm;ygw,f/ tJ'DtxJrSmawmh ChangeTitle class udk
178 uGefysLwm*sme,f
uGeyf sLwmoifcef;pm
qkd&ifawmh program udk wnfaqmufzefwD;ay;vdkufygjyD/
tJ'vD rdk sKd; Compile & Run vkyx
f m;yHu
k kd Figure 7.2 taeeJY
a&;om;azmfjyay;xm;ygw,f/
uGefysLwm*sme,f
197 (c)? yxrxyf? 33 vrf; (txuf)?
ausmufww H m;jrKd eU ,f? &efuek /f