uGefysLwm*sme,f 2008 ckEpS ?f pufwifbmv?

trSwf 175

rsufESmzHk;aqmif;yg; 78 pdwMf uKd ut

f jzpfq;Hk Laptop 10 rsK;d
36 ajymif;vJvmwJh EkwfbkwfuGefysLwm 93 'DZidk f;orm;rsm; tMuKd uq
f H;k Laptop
44 Laptop uGeyf sLwmwpfv;Hk ESihf 96 Top 9 Laptop Case
&pfywfjcif; 98 Notebook a0g[m&
52 xl;jcm;qef;Mu,faom Laptop
tvSqifypönf;rsm; uGefysLwmtufaq;
55 Buying Notebook Computer 105 t*Fvdyfbmompum; aysmufuG,foGm;
Laptop awGtwGuf taMumufq;kH t&mu rSmaomujzpfrdwJhuRefawmf
awmh tylcsed f jrihrf m;rIygy/J tylcsed f jrihrf m;vm
&if b,f electronic device awGrS cHEikd rf I odrYk [kwf tifwmeufEiS hf t*Fvyd pf m
r&Syd gb;l / rufaqhcsaf wGrmS tu©&mESihf ude;f *Pef; awGukd
cGjJ cm;rjrifMubJ a&maxG; oH;k pGx
J m;yg w,f/
68 &efuek rf mS Notebook wpfv;Hk jy;D awmh Asn;f awG? o&awG? yk'jf zwfawGuv kd nf;
0,fMunfhjcif; pnf;pepf rxm;bJ oH;k pGMJ uygw,f/ vlawG[m
wpfO;D ESiw hf pfO;D b,fvq
kd ufo, G f em;vnfEidk f
76 urÇmt
h vSq;Hk Laptop 10 rsK;d rSmvJqw kd mudak wmif rodawmhb;l jzpfvmw,f/
uGefysLwmtaxGaxG

12 owif;awGu 'Dv&dk w
dS ,f . . .
Apple xkwf iPhone 3G, iPod awGet
YJ wl iTune
library wpfcu
k kd tvdt
k avsmuf xde;f csKyEf ikd w
f hJ
pGr;f aqmifEikd rf aI wG ygvmr,fvYkd rMumao;cifu
aumvm[vawG xGuv f mcJw
h ,f/ 'g&UJ aemufqufwJG
uawmh Apple ypön;f trSmpm&if;u xdyw f ef;ae&mudk
a&mufoGm;jyv D Ydk qdyk gw,f/
uGefysLwmoifcef;pm
78 New Products

103 White Paper &JU &J&ifo h pfviG af om BIOS 125 Photoshop jzwfvrf;enf;
yxrqH;k aom IBM PC udk rdwq f ufay;jy;D uwnf;u BIOS
enf;ynm[m trsm;MuD; wdk;wuf jzpfxGef;rI r&SdcJhbl;/ UEFI 129 pdwt
f aESmift
h ,Sujf zpfp&m Word jyóem
(United Extensible Firmware Interface) u 'gudk
ajymif;vJypfawmhrmS jzpfw,f/ 134 PhotoshopTutorial

108 Website tnTe;f 136 Download #Dum

113 System Analysis and Design 142 Premiere Tutorial

145 uGefysLwmtar;tajz

REVIEW PREVIEW
158 Microsoft Office 2007
118 Sin of a Solar Empire 120 Tom Clancy's
H.A.W.X 173 Java Developer Guide
123 Devil May Cry

EDITOR
OD;aomif;0if; (yef;cs,f&D)

CONTRIBUTORS
OD;rsdK; (tdkifwDtef;wdwf)? armifarmifMuD;?
pkdif;wifhxl;? aZmfrif;ESifh Modula-2

uGefysLwm*sme,f
197 (c)? yxrxyf? 33 vrf;(txuf)? &efukef/
zkef;- 01-387305/
owif;awGu ....... 'Dvdk&Sd w,f
trSmpmwpfyMkH u;D eJY
Apple
Apple xkwf iPhone 3G, iPod
awGeJYtwl iTune library wpfckudk
tvdktavsmuf xdef;csKyfEdkifwJh
pGrf;aqmifEdkifrIawG ygvmr,fvdkY
rMumao;cifu aumvm[vawG
xGufvmcJhw,f/ 'g&JU aemufqufwGJ
uawmh Apple ypönf;
trSmpm&if;u xdyfwef;ae&mudk
a&mufoGm;jyDvkdY qdkygw,f/ Zlvdkifv
apmapmydkif;wkef;uawmh Samsung
&JU trSmpmawGu xdyq f ;kH ae&mrSm
&SdaejyD; 8 Gb NAND chips oef;
50 avmuftxd trSmpmawG vufcH
&&SdcJhw,fvdkYqkdw,f/
12 uGefysLwm*sme,f
Hardware
f ek zf iG ahf wmhr,fh Lenovo
&Guu
Zlvdkifv apmapmydkif;u w½kwfEkdifiHjyiffyudk desktop uGefysLwm a&mif;ukef
awG yxrqHk;jzefYcsda&mif;csapawmhr,fvdkY awGUvdkuf&w,f/ t&ifu IBM &JU
notebook awGudkom xkwfvkyfa&mif;cscJhwJh Lenovo u desktop
uGefysLwmawGudkyg xkwfvkyfjzefYcsday;awmhr,fqkdwJh taetxm; jzpfw,f/
yxrqHk;xGufvmwmuawmh Idea Centre K 210 yJ jzpfw,f/ tdrfwGif;
azsmfajza&; tqifhtwef;&SdwJh armf',fvdkY qdkygw,f/ a':vm 399 'or 9 eJY
a&mif;cszdkY pDpOfcJhayr,fhvnf;
wu,fwrf; a&mif;wJhtcg 699
a':vmeJY a&mif;cscJhygw,f/ Intel
GMA graphic udk toHk;jyKxm;cJhwJh
twGufaMumifh aps;jrifhoGm;&wmvdkY
qdkygw,f/ Idea Centre K 210 rSm 2.4
GHz Intel Core 2 Dual processor,
3GB PC2 - 5300 DDR2 , 500 GB
SATA drive eJY Blu-ray drive wdkY
yg0ifygw,f/
e,fpyfukefoG,fa&;rSm vufvGwfpy,f
a&mif;0,faeMujyDvm;
tar&duef qDedwfvTwfawmftrwfawGjzpfwJh Russell Feingold (D-Wis) eJY
Patrick Leahy (D-Va) wdkYu tar&duefEkdifiH e,fpyfrSm laptop uGefysLwmawG?
digicam awG? smartphone eJY tjcm; tDvufx&Gefepf ud&d,mawG
w&m;r0ifxkwfzkdY MudK;pm;wmudk rMumcP &SmazG zrf;qD;rdw,fvdkY vTwfawmf
rSm ZGefvukefcgeD;u wifjycJhw,f/ tar&duefEdkifiH w&m;½Hk;taeeJY e,fpyf
at;*sifhawG&JU vkyfykdifcGifhudk tajymif;tvJr&Sd pepfwus xkwfjyefxm;jyD;
jzpfw,fvdkY qdkw,f/ 'gayr,fh Feingold eJY Leahy uawmh tar&duefEkdifiH&JU
taumufcGefeJY e,fpyftumtuG,f ay:vpDawGeJY ywfoufjyD; jyefvnf
oHk;oyfoifhjyDvdkY wkdufwGef;EId;aqmfvdkufw,f/ EdkifiHxJudk jyef0iffvmwJh
vufqGJypönf;awGudk &SmydkifcGifh&Sdw,fqkdwm tar&duefvlrsKd;trsm;pku
odxm;MujyD;jzpfayr,fh tpdk;&taeeJY 'Dudprö sKd;vkyfydkifcGifh r&Sdbl;vkdY
ajymaumif;ajymvdrhfr,f/ Laptop udkzGifhjyD; txJrSm ygvmwJh document awG?
tD;ar;vfawG? "mwfyHkawGeJY web site 0ifa&mufrI taetxm;awG ppfaq;zdkY
vkyfykdifcGifh r&Sdbl;vdkY qkdMur,f/ 'Dudpaö wGu zGJUpnf;yHkpnf;rsOf;Oya'awG?
EkdifiHwumtcGifhta&;awGeJY ydkifqkdifcGihftm;vHk;eJY ywfoufaewmrsKd; jzpfw,fvdkY
od&ygw,f/
 owif ; awG u ....... 'D v d k & S d w ,f Hardware

[mh'f0JxkwfvkyfolawG&JU *&if;tqifh jynhf0a&; EdI;aqmfcsuf

tDvufx&Gefepfypönf; pGefYypfwJhae&mrSm tqdyftawmufjzpfapwJh "mwkypönf;
awG avsmhenf;EkdiforQ avsmhenf;atmif ydkjyD;ckdifrmwJh Greener peace Version8
a&mufvmygjyD/ Nintendo (0.8) Microsoft (2.2) eJY LGE (3.3) qkdwJh 10
pointer twGif;u ranking awGudk udk;um;jyD; wDADG? vufukdifw,fvDzkef;?
*drf;puf? yDpDxkwfvkyfolawGqDudk today;EId;aqmfxm;jyD; jzpfygw,f/ Sony eJY
Sony -Ericsson (5.1) Nokia (4.8), Samsung (4.5), Dell ( 4.5), Toshiba (4.3), Acer (4.3), Panasonic (4.3),
Motorola (4.3), HP (4.3), Apple (4.1), Sharp (3.9), Lenovo (3.9), Philips (3.7) eJY Fujitsu (3.7) qkdjyD; tqifhvdkuf
avQmhcsrI&SdapzdkY wdkufwGef;xm;wm awGY&ygw,f/

HARDWARE MOLE

NetGear u Content awG ydw

Open-Source
Router xkwv
f u
dk jf yD
urÇmay:rSm yxrqHk; xkwfvkyfwJh
open-source consumer router vdkY
ajymprSwfjyKapr,fh ud&d,mudk Net-
Gear u jzefYcsda&mif;csvdkufw,f/
w&m;0iftrnftaeeJY Open-
Source Router Wireless-G WG
R614L vdkY router udk ac:wGifapjyD;
69 a':vmeJY a&mif;cswm
jzpfw,f/ Linux wDxGifolawGeJY
open-source uRrf;usifol
awGtwGuf &nf&G,f xkwfvkyf
cJhwm jzpfjyD; Comprehemsive
open-source guide vnf;
wpfygwnf; xnhfay;vdkuf
w,f/ wpfcsdefwnf;rSmyJ My
Open Router Web site rSm
configuration awG installa-
tion information awGudk
tao;pdwfwifjyxm;w,f/
k k;d vmr,fh
Jetflix Boxes
Roku &JU Wi-Fi packing Netflix
Player topfwpfckudk 99 'or 99
a':vmeJY a&mif;csvmwm awGU&w,f/
rdrd wDADGtwGif;udk ½kyf&SifZmwfvrf;aygif; 10ç000 eJYtwl wDADGtpDtpOfawG
cHpm;EkdifzdkY jzpfw,f/ Roku &JU 'kwd,Ouú|jzpfwJh Tim Twerdahl u Zlvdkif
vqef;avmufu Netflix ab;rSm emrnfMuD; provider u content awG
wef;pDxm;&SdjyD;jzpfaMumif; Forbes pmapmifudk ajymMum;cJhw,f/
Creative &JU Zen rSm
Wi-Fi &awmhrmS vm;
w&m;0ifowif;pm&Sif;vif;yGJ rvkyfcJhayr,fh
Creative u Zen X-Fi (32 GB) rSm built-in Wi-Fi
taeeJY ygvmvdrhfr,fvkdY owif;awG xGufvmyg
w,f/ X-Fi rSm touch screen ygvmrSmjzpfjyD;
IM (Yahoo! Messenger, Google Talk wdkYeJY
MSN Messenger) wdkYtwGuf onboard support
tjzpf jyD;jynhfpHkapEkdifr,fh numeric keypad
wpfckudkvnf; xnfhay;xm;rSm jzpfygw,f/ Built-in speaker wdkY? SD Card
slot wdkY? FM tuner wdkYeJY voice recorder wdkYudkyg xnfhoGif;ay;xm;ygw,f/

pufwifbmv? 2008 13
owif;awGu ....... 'Dvdk&Sd w,f C h i p W a t c h

Chemical detection twGuf

Bio-electronics chip xkwfr,f
"mwfcGJcef;rSm prf;oyfMunhfrS &r,fhtajzrsKd;udk q&m0ef&JU
pm;yGJay:rSmyJ &Ekdifrvm;vdkY pdwful;MunhfolawGtwGuf Intel
Bioelectronic Chip u aqmif&Gufay;EkdifzdkY tajctaeawG
&SdvmjyDvdkY qdkygw,f/ Intel &JU okawoe ESpfywfvnfaeYrSm
prf;oyfrI vufawGUjyocJhygw,f/ Affy-metrix a&m*g
&SmazGay;EkdifwJh chip rsKd; xkwfvkyfEkdifcJhjyD; jzpfw,f/ 'D chip u
"mwkypönf;tajrmuftjrm;udk &SmazGay;Ekdifr,fqkdayr,fh optical
technology udkawmh toHk;csrSm r[kwfygbl;/ DNA &SmazGrIwdkY "mwkypönf;vu©Pmudk vG,fvG,fululeJY
azmfxkwfay;EkdifzdkY silicon electrical sensor awGudk toHk;jyKygvdrhfr,f/ 'Dvkd chip awGudk a&m*gpHk &SmazGa&;pufawG?
usef;rma&;qkdif&m pGefYpm;aqmif&GufrIawGrSm toHk;csoGm;Edkifr,fvkdY ajymMum;cJhw,ff/

Chip aps;avsmu
h srI awG&U cdS suf (AMD eJY Intel CPU awGtwGuf aps;EIef;owif;)
Ä vufvD ÄÄ vufum; (ta&twGuf 1000 ESihf txuf) « vuf&adS ps;EIe;f wGif Ä jyxm;ygu Pricegrabber.com rS rSm,lEikd yf gonf/»

16 uGefysLwm*sme,f

Windows acwfukefqHk;csdeftwGuf
tjcm;aom OS wpfck okrYd [kwf Midori
rdkufu½dkaqmhzfeJY Windows [m
cGJjcm;í r&Ekdifaumif;bl;/ 'gaMumifh
rkdufu½dkaqmhzfu tckodxm;MuwJh
Windows udk pGefYcGmxm;&pfjyD;
tjcm;aom OS wpfcktay: pvHk;a&
pawmhr,fvdkY xkwfjyefvmwJhtcg
tHhMop&m jzpfaumif;jzpfaer,f/
'gayr,fh application eJY data awG
tifwmeufay: a&TUajymif; a&muf&Sd
ukefwJh cloud computing yg&m'dkif;
ta&TUtajymif;udk odem;vnfxm;&if
bmaMumifhqkdwm &Sif;vif;
xif&Sm;ygw,f/ tJ'g[m 2010 rSm
qufxGufr,fh Vista qufcHol
Windows 7 vnf; r[kwfbl;/
Microkernel MinWin vnf;
r[kwfbl;/ Microsoft Research &JU
Singularity OS rS qif;oufvmwm
jzpfw,f/ vuf&Sd enf;ynmrS qifhuJ
xyfwuf½Hkjzifh vdkufrrDEdkifaMumif;
qHk;jzwfjyD; tajccHtkwfjrpfutp
topf wnfaqmufaewm jzpfw,f/
trnf0Suf Mi-dori jzpfjyD; man-
aged code eJY .Net enf;ynmwdkYudk
yifrxm; oHk;pGJygw,f/
Windows [m tem*wf
enf;ynm ajymif;vJrI ajcvSrf;eJY
vlawG toHk;jyKyHkudk rudkifwG,f
Ekdifawmhbl;/ vltrsm;pku puf
wpfvHk;wnf;tay: olwkdYtvkyfawG
tm;vHk;vkyfwJh acwfumvu
Windows [m aumif;aumif;
tvkyfjzpfcJhw,f/ Windows
y½dk*&rfawG vdkorQtm;vHk; ac:oHk;
owif ; awG u ..... 'D v d k & S d w ,f
EkdifzdkY tajccHypönf;awG pkaqmif;
xdef;odrf;&eftjzpf operating
system u jyKrl vkyfaqmifw,f/
Operating system
ac:wifw,fqkdwm hard disk ay:
wifvkdufwmyJ/ xkdoD;oefYpuf&JU
hardware tpktaygif; tay:
rSDcdk&w,f/ 'Dawmh a&TUajymif;oGm;vm
rkdbkdif;vfjzpfjyD; ud&d,mrsKd;pHk
axG;a&m ,SufwifjzpfwJh acwfopf
tvkyfvkyfyHkrSm Windows tzkdY
cufcufcJcJ ½kef;uef&w,f/
Midori qkdwm ydkíus,fjyefY
aom uGefysLwm ukefxkwfvkyfief;&JU
virtualistation udk trDvdkufzdkY&m
rdkufu½dkaqmhzf&JU &nfrSef;csufMuD;
aom MudK;yrf;rItjzpf
½IjrifEkdifygw,f/ rdkufu½dkaqmhzf[m
virtualized cloud-computing user
base twGuf tqifoifhjzpfr,fh
wma0;ajy; OS udk &nf&G,faMumif;
jyovdkufwmygyJ/
Virtual machines awGrmS
operating system &JU tESpftom;
core tydkif;u tvGefao;i,fEkdifjyD;
rwl uGJjym;wJh ud&d,mawGqD
a&TUajymif;zdkY vG,fw,f/ Midori &JU
aemufuG,frS tkdif'D,m[m rwlaom
Operating System
application rsm;pGmeJY tHus
pyf[yfEkdifaom tayghpm; portable
jzpfwJh OS zefwD;zdkY jzpfr,fvdkY
,HkMunf&w,f/Application awGu
0ufbfay:odkY ydkí a&TUajymif;vmwJh
tcg rdkufu½dkaqmhzf Windows &JU
wefzkd;vnf; rSdefazsmhvmr,f
r[kwfvm;/
rkdufu½dkaqmhzftaeeJY
tJ'Dtjzpfu ½kef;xGufzdkY&m vdkaeyg
w,f/ enf;ynmt& tajccH
tedrfhqHk;tqifhrSm Midori ü oD;jcm;
kernal tvTmESpfck &Sdygw,f/
Hardware eJY environment
abstracts xdef;csKyfzdkY&m
un-managed code eJY zGJUpnf;wJh
microkernel eJY operating system
functionality tpHkvdkuf tjynhftpHk
axmufyHhaom ydkjrifhwJh managed
kernal service awG jzpfygw,f/
'gayr,fh rkdufu½dkaqmhzftzdkY
vuf&Sd Windows z,f&Sm;jyD; ¤if;&JU
pD;yGm;a&;yHkpH b,fvkd
jyefvkyf&r,fqkdwmawmh jyóemMuD;
ygyJ/ Windows a&mif;tm; 80
&mcdkifEIef;[m yDpDtopfwpfck
a&mif;&wkdif; tvkdvkdygoGm;wJh
vdkifpifpepfu &w,f/
aumufoif;aumuf
vdkufpkp&mrvkdbJeJYudk &wJhaiG
tpktyHkvdkufMuD; jzpfygw,f/
]Application awGu OS eJY ykdí
rqkdifovdkjzpfvmjyD; Windows &JU
ta&;ygrI tcsdefeJYtrQ avsmhenf;
vmwJhtcg rdkufu½dkaqmhzf
b,fvkdvkyfrvJ} vdkY
okawoeynm&SifwpfOD;u ar;cGef;
xkwfxm;ygw,f/
pufwifbmv? 2008 17
owif;awGu ....... 'Dvdk&Sd w,f Internet

Mozilla &JU atmifjrifrI

Mozilla taeeJY GuinnessWorld Records e,fy,frSm rSwfausmufwif
vdkufEdkifjyD jzpfw,ff/ ZlvdkifvrSm 24 em&DtwGif; Firefox 3.0 udk download
vkyf,lolaygif; 8 oef;ausmf &SdcJhjyD;aemuf Guinness u Mozilla tay:
ay;tyfcsD;jr§ifhcJhw,f/ 'DaeY browser opf&JU download &,lrIu
olYtodkif;t0dkif;Mum;rSm a&SUqHk;u ajy;aew,fqkdwhJoabmudk jyvdkufEdkifwmyJ
jzpfygw,f/ Mozilla &JU tqkdt& urÇmh browser aps;uGuf &S,f,mrSm 19
&mckdifEIef;uae 20 &mckdifEIef;txd wkd;jrifhvmEkdifr,fh tajctae&Sdw,fvdkY
od&ygw,f/
tar&duefrSm
DRAM udk Flash eJY tpm;xk;d awmhrmS vm;
Flash memory xkwfvkyfwJh Spansion & Virident u
Dial-Up User awG &Sad eqJyg
dynamic render access memory (DRAM) awG ae&mrSm tar&duefrSm tifwmeufudk tdrfawGrSm
toHk;csEkdifr,fh memory trsKd;tpm;opf xkwfvkyfawmhr,fvdkY broadband wyfqifoHk;pGJol 55 &mcdkifEIef;eJY dial-
qdkygw,f/ urÇmhyg0g tokH;csrI avQmhcsEdkifzdkYtwGuf &nf&G,fjyD; up pepfudk okH;aeol 10 &mcdkifEIef;&Sdw,fvdkY
tajccHtqihftaeeJY Eco RAM tjzpf flash memory udk qdkygw,f/ Pew Internet & American Life
toHk;csygvdrhfr,f/ Data center wpfcktwGuf yg0gtoHk;csrIudk Project u t&G,fa&mufjyD; tar&duef 2250 udk
75 &mckdifEIef;txd jzwfawmufay;EkdifrSm jzpfw,f/ NOR- ppfwrf; aumuf,lcJhwmjzpfygw,f/
based flash xuf ydkjyD;ao;i,fwJh t&G,ftpm;eJY oHk;EkdifrSm tifwmeufokH;pGJol 1555 OD;xJu 14 &mckdifEIef;u
jzpfjyD; xkxnfMuD;rm;wJh data rsKd;awGtwGuf tvkyfvkyf&mrSm dial-up udkyJ vkdvm;MujyD; 19 &mcdkifEIef;uawmh
ydkjyD; tusKd;&SdaprSm jzpfw,f/ roHk;awmhzdkY vkdvm;aeMuw,f qdkygw,f/

SIGHT SEEING

Strike.tv &Jh Online TV Network tpDtpOf

yxrqHk; online network tjzpf Hollywood Storyteller awGu
zefwD;cJhMuw,f/ t&nftaoG;jrifh AD'D,kd azsmfajza&;awG urÇmudkjzefYcsday;vdkwJh
oabmjzpfw,f/ &,fp&mZmwfum; 40 eJYtwl drama awG? action show awGudk
'DESpfaEG&moDrSm MunfhEdkifatmif pDpOfxm;w,f/ "Malcom In The Middle",
"Friends", "The Office", "The Daily Show With Joh Stewart", "Bob
Newhart", "Family Guy" tygt0if pm&if;eJY pDpOfay;xm;w,f/ 'DtpDtpOfudk Strike.tv u aqmif&GufrSm jzpfw,f/

tdE´d,½kyf&Sifum;awG YouTube ay: a&mufvm

YouTube &JU Screening Room u urÇmay:rSm tMuD;qHk; ½kyf&Sif½HkMuD; jzpfvm
rvm;vdkY ajymqkdjiif;cHkaeMuw,f/ vGefcJhwJh vykdif;awGu aomMumaeYwkdif;
virtual screen ay:rSm tdE´d,½kyf&SifZmwfum;av;ck wifqufxm;w,f/ tJ'DxJu
"I Met The Walrus" qkdwJh Zmwfum;u tu,f'rDqk csD;jr§ifhzdkY vsmxm;pm&if;rSm
ta&G;cHxm;&wJh Zmwfum;wpfum; jzpfw,f/

20 uGefysLwm*sme,f
 owif ; awG u ....... 'D v d k & S d w ,f
Web jrefEeI ;f 10 q wk;d zd&Yk m
awmif;qkdcsufawG qufí MuD;xGm;vmpOfrSm
tifwmeufMuD; csKH;csKH;us xkd;&yfroGm;apzdkY
enf;awG &SmawGU&ef okawoeynm&SifawGu
arQmfvifhxm;w,f/
urÇmMuD;[m qufoG,frI jrefEIef; vrf;us,f
bandwidth udk qmavmif iwfrGwfvsuf &Sdw,f/
t&ifOD;qHk;aom vlaygif; 1 'or 3 bDvD,Hu
net odkY qufoG,fESifhjyD; jzpfw,f/ aemufxyf 1
bDvD,Huvnf; 0ifa&mufzdkY&m pdwftm;
xufoefvsuf &Sdw,f/ tifwmeuftay:
vrf;aMumif; usyfnyfrIu ESpfESpfMumwkdif; ESpfq
wkd;aew,f/ 'gawGu net tay: vQHxGufoGm;rSm
aMumuf&GHUrIrsm; &Sdaeygw,f/
tD;ar;vf 'grSr[kwf 0ufbfpmrsufESmawGaMumifh
r[kwf/ AD'D,kdeJY toHawmif;qkdcsufawGaMumifh jzpfw,f/
vlawGu YouTube eJY TV awG net tay:u vdkcsifvm
Muw,f/ rMumcifrSm hi-def (jywfom;rIjrifh)?
sourround sound (ywfvnfoHajy;) TV awG awmif;cH
vmMuawmhr,f/ ,ckwkdif rSef;q rMunhfEkdifao;wJh
t&mrsm;pGmvnf; twlwGJí ygaumif;ygEkdifygao;w,f/
vGefcJhwJh 10 ESpfwkef;u tifwmeuf[m ,aeY
jrefoavmufEIef;&JU wpfq,fyHkwpfyHkyJ &Sdw,f/
xkdpOfuawmh oifhawmfvHkavmufw,f/ 'gayr,fh 10 q
jrefvmjyD;wJhaemuf AD'D,kd? toHeJY a'wm trsKd;tpm;
opfawG tm;vHk; uGef&ufrS a&TUajymif; ydkYaqmif&m tcGifh
tvrf; jzpfEkdifajcvnf; vdkufí tm;aumif;vmygw,f/
vuf&Sd net &JU trmcH ausm½dk; fibre optic back-
bone u 10 Gbps o,faqmifEkdifw,f/ HDTV pD;
aMumif;aygif; 400 eJY nDrQw,f/ 'gayr,fh 'Dukefxkwf
vkyfief;ü yg0ifupm;aeol Cisco, Infusion eJY Comtel
wdkYuawmh xkdwlnDaom tvif;zefrQif aub,fvfjzifh
aemufxyf q,fq ydko,fEkdifzdkY&m vkyfEkdifaMumif;
qkdygw,f/ 'Dvdk jzpf&jcif;[m a'wm tvif; signal udk
phase cGJydkYjyD; rwlwJhenf;eJY zwfEdkifvdkY jzpfw,f/
um;wpfpD;om oGm;EkdifwJh ta0;ajy;vrf;rrSm um; 4 pD;
'grS r[kwf 8 pD; n§yfxnhfwmeJY wlygw,f/ Link
Internet
csdwfquf&JU tpGef;ESpfzufrSm error correction twGuf
dsp box awG xm;ay;jcif;tm;jzifh 'DESpftwGif; 40 Gbps
pD;yGm;jzpf&atmif vkyfEkdifcJhjyD;ygjyD/ 'DtydkpGrf;&nfjzifh AD'D,kd
uGefz&ifhESifh wlaomfvnf; ydkítoufygwJh tele presence
vkd application awG armif;ESifzdkY&m jzpfvmEkdifr,fvdkY
arQmfvifh&w,f/
Backbone eJY network tzsm;pGef;rsm;twGuf
qufí vkyfaqmiffaeMuqJrSm b,f0kdif,mvuf
enf;ynmu toHk;tusqHk; jzpfrvJqkdwJh tjiif;
tcHkvnf; &Sdaew,f/ WiMax udk pwD;&G'f oHk;xm;aom
wi-fi tjzpf azmfjyMuw,f/ aetdrf 'grSr[kwf
vrf;wpfckxuf WiMax tajcpkdufpcef;u jrdKYwpfjrdKUvHk;
vTrf;jcHKEkdifw,f/ 3G network udk qufcHolvdkYvnf;
ajymMuw,f/ azmfxkwfaewm ESpfrsm;pGm&SdjyDjzpfjyD; tckrS
pwif tm;,lysHwufawmhrSm jzpfygw,f/ 3G xuf ig;q
ydkjrefjyD; ig;q ydkaps;oufomr,fvkdY qkdw,f/
rdkbkdif;vftzGJUtpnf;rsm;rSvnf; olwdkY network
tay: a'wmjrefEIef; t&Sdefjr§ifh&ef &SmazGaeMuw,f/
Motorola, Siemens, Nortel eJY LG wdkYu tem*wf
rdkbdkif;vf download jrefEIef;udk 30 Mbps &zdkY vkyfaqmif
aew,f/ ,aeY aetdrf broadband qufoG,frIxuf 10
q ydkjrefw,f/ Long Term Evolution vdkY ac:wJh 'D
enf;ynmu oDcsif;wpfyk'fudk csufcsif; download
csEkdifjyD; handset tay: ½kyf&Sifwpfum; ,lzdkY&m
puúefYtenf;i,fyJ MumawmhrSm jzpfygw,f/
pufwifbmv? 2008 21
owif;awGu ....... 'Dvdk&Sd w,f S o f t w a r e

Adobe Reader xJu Flashy

jyD;cJhwJh ZGefvqef;u Adobe Reader 9 xGufcJhygjyD/ Adobe &JU
aMunmcsuft& Flash twGuf yifudk yuwdtwkdif; yHhykd;
aqmif&Gufay;xm;w,fvdkY od&w,f/ qkdvdkwmu AD'D,kdeJY wjcm;
rmvfwDrD'D,m aumif;Edk;&m&mudk Flash eJY zrf;udkifEdkifr,fh PDFs awG
&Sdvmapr,fvdkY t"dyÜm,f&w,f/ 'ghtjyif Reader 9 taeeJY launch
time udk ydkrdkjrefqefzdkY jr§ifhwifay;xm;w,f/ 256 bit AES
encryption wdkY? digital signature pGrf;&nfopfwkdYeJY PDF Portfolio
wdkYvnf; yg0ifvmrSm jzpfw,f/ Multiple PDFs awGeJY rwlnDMuwJh
rD'D,m trsKd;tpm;awGudk pkpnf;aqmif&GufwJhtcg tultnD&EkdifzdkY
Reader 8 wkef;u rdwfqufay;cJhwJh Packages awGtay: xnhfoGif; wnfaqmufay;vkdufwmvdkY qkdygw,f/

Microsoft Equipt qdw

k hJ aqmhz0f iJ Sm;oH;k Edik w
f ht
J pDtpOf
jyD;cJhwJh ZlvdkifvupjyD; rdkufu½dkaqmhzfrSmawmh xl;jcm;wJh jzpfpOfawG &SdcJhw,f/ Intel
udk,fwdkifyif olUukrÜPD0efxrf; axmifaomif;ru&JU yDpDawGudk Vista upgrade vkyfzdkY
xl;jcm;wJhtajz wpfpHkwpf&m &SmazGEkdifjcif;r&SdcJhbl;/ bDvf*dwfu a':vm 38 bDvD,HeJY
vkyfudkifr,fh azmifa';&Sif;qDudk tcsdefjynfh vkyfudkifzdkY xGufoGm;cJhw,f/ aemufydkif;rSm
Windows XP udk vufvDta&mif;qkdifeJY uGefysLwmxkwfvkyfa&; vkyfief;MuD;awGudk
jznhfwif;yHhydk;rI &yfawmhr,fvkdY owif;xGufcJhjyefw,f/ txl;jcm;qHk;uawmh Equipt qkdwJh
y½dk*&rf suite udk csay;zdkY tcsdefa&mufvmwmyJ jzpfw,f/ 0efaqmifrItwGuf ESpfpOfaMu;
69 'or 99 a':vm ay;oGif;wmeJY 2007 Version awG jzpfwJh "Word", "One Note",
"Excel" eJY PowerPoint wdkYudk toHk;jyKEkdifMuawmhrSm jzpfjyD; Windows Line tools
udkvnf; tcrJh oHk;cGifhay;xm;ygvdrhfr,f/

google u oHk;cGifhay;wJh vHkjcHKa&;aqmhzf0J

Ratproxy security tool udk Google u tcrJh xkwfay;
vdkufw,f/ Cross-site scripting attack awG tygt0if Web-
based application awGtwGuf vHjk cHKrIupdu
ö kd ppfaq; prf;oyfvdk&if
toHk;csEdkifw,f/ Google u Michal Zalewski u a&;om;jyD;
vHkjcHKa&;qkdif&m tif*sifeD,mtzGJUu wDxGifay;cJhwJh Open-Source
Ratproxy yJ jzpfw,f/ w&m;Oya'abmiftwGif;u aqmif&Gufcsuf
[kwfr[kwf qef;ppfay;zdkYeJY tjypftemtqm&SdaewJhae&mudk
axmufjyjyD; rSwfcsufjyKay;ygvdrhfr,f/ Ratproxy u
Apache 2.0 atmufuae vkdifpif,lxm;wm jzpfw,f/

22 uGefysLwm*sme,f
 owif ; awG u ....... 'D v d k & S d w ,f Software

S O F T WA R E S H O RT S

aps;uGu&f ,
S ,
f myk&d vmwJh MacOS X
2008 ckEpS frmS awmh Mac OSX &JUESpf jzpfvmapzdYk
arQmrf eS ;f xm;Muw,f/ Net Application qkdwJh
qef;ppfa&;tzGJU&JU tqkdt& urÇmvHk; twkdif;twm&SdwJh
OS aps;uGufrSm MacOS X &S,f,mu tMurf;zsif; 32
&mckdifEIef;avmuf rESpfuxuf ckefwufoGm;cJhw,f/ 2008
ckESpf? ZGefvtwGif; okawoejyKvkyfcJhwJh
0ufbfqdkufaygif; 40000 avmufudk 0ifa&mufwJh
uGefysLwmawG&JU 7 'or 94 &mckdifEIef;avmuf
tiftm;&SdoGm;w,f/ vGefcJhwJh wpfESpfu tJ'D sites awGrSm
6 'or 03 &mcdkifEIef;yJ MacOSX udk
MudKufESpfoufcJhMuw,f/ Windows toHk;csrI 2007 ckESpfu ,ckESpf
ZGefvtxd pkpkaygif; &S,f,m 2 'or 45 &mckdifEIef; Richard Stallman
usoGm;wJhtaetxm; jzpfw,f/ toHxGufvmjyD
Open-source and Free Software
Robertson &JU Linspire Foundation udk MudK;udkif jc,fvS,faewJh
Richard Stallman u bDvf*dwfxGufoGm;wJh
Zlvdkifvqef;avmufu Robertson &JU Linspire udk Xandros qDodkY
twGuf ododomomav; toHxGufvmwm
a&mif;cscJhwJhtwGuf rdkufu½dkaqmhzfrSm Michael Robertson
awGU&w,f/ ZlvkdifvtwGif;u rdkufu½dk
quf&Sdvdrhfrnf r[kwf
aqmhzfu bDvf*dwfxGufoGm;ayr,fh wm;jrpf
awmhyg/ Robertson u
uefYowfwJh tusifhwefwJh pepfawGu
vGefcJhwJh ESpftawmf
rdkufu½dkaqmhzfrSm usefaecJhw,f/ rdkufu½dk
Mumu Linux eJY
aqmhzf taeeJY oHk;pGJolawGtay:
Windows udk aygif;pyfjyD; Lindows vdkY zefwD; jyKvkyfcJhwJhol
tjcm;pnf;usyfrIawG &SdaeqJ jzpfw,f/
jzpfw,f/ Robertson u tckqdk&if Linux &JU vkyfief;tajctaeawGu
rdkufu½dkaqmhzf&,f? Apple &,f? Adobe
tawmftoifh ckdifcdkifrmrm &yfwnfEkdifjyDvkdY ajymcJhw,f/ vlawGykdjyD;
&,fu MoZmvTrf;rdk;xm;wJh aqmhzf0JawGudk
Linux udk xdawGUvmMuvdrhfr,fvdkYvnf; wGufqxm;w,f/ ta&mif;
ay;aeMuw,f/ vlajymif;zdkYu t"dur[kwf
t0,f zvS,frIudpu ö tMurf;a&;qGJrItqifhom &Sdaeao;wmrdkY Lin-
rlajymif;zdkYom t"dujzpfw,fvkdY a&;om;
spire udk Xandros &JU tultyHhtqifhavmufom ydkifqkdifrSm jzpfw,f/
ajymqkdcJhjyD; bDbDpDudk ay;ykdYcJhw,f/

BIOS Upgrade awG tGev

f ikd f;u &jyD

pufwifbmv? 2008 23
owif;awGu ....... 'Dvdk&Sd w,f I n t e r n e t

Facebook Mu;D pk;d aeaom vlru

I eG &f ufrsm;
vlrIuGef&uf social networking &JU
MuD;xGm;rI *&yfrsOf;u ajrmuftar&du
rSm pwifjyD;awmh a&jyifnD wef;csifvm
aew,f/ 'gayr,fh urÇm\ tjcm;aom
t&yfa'orS vlawGuawmh ckrS
a&pD;aMumif;xJ pí ckef0ifvmaeMu
w,f/ 2008 ckESpftwGif; Face-book
OD;aqmifrIaemufü social networking
site rsm;pGm qufí tm;aumif;
armif;oef MuD;xGm;vmaewm awGUjrif
ae&qJjzpfw,f/
2007 ckESpf? ZGefvrSm Facebook &JU
membership u 52 oef; &Sd&muae
2008 ckESpf? ZGefvrSm urÇmwpf0ef; 132
oef;xd &Sdvmygw,f/ MuD;xGm;rIEIef;u
&mckdifEIef;tm;jzifh 153 &Sdw,f/ 'kwd,
membership trsm;qHk;u MySpace
jzpfjyD; 117 oef; &Sdw,f/ 'gayr,fh xkdwlnDaom
umvtwGif;rSm ¤if; site &JU MuD;xGm;rIu 3 &mckdifEIef;yJ
&Sdygw,f/ tvHk;pHkaom MuD;xGm;rIudkMunhf&if Face-book ICANN u trnfopfawG ay;awmhr,f
em; eD;eD;uyfEkdifwJh site qkdvdkY HI5.com yJ &Sdygw,f/ 2007 xdyfwef;tqifh domain awG&JUpm&if;rSm xdef;rEkdif odrf;
ckESpfrS 2008 ckESpftwGif; 100 &mcdkifEIef; MuD;xGm; r&awG jzpfaeMuw,f/ Web trnfay;pepfudk
cJhygw,f/ 'gayr,fh HI5 &JU tzGJU0if udef;*Pef;uawmh MuD;Muyfay;wJh ICANN u 2009 ckESpfupjyD; xdyfwef;
56 oef;yJ &Sdygw,f/ tqifh domain name awGtay: ajzavsmhay;zdkY oabm
EkdifiHwum taetxm;eJYMunfh&if Facebook &JU wlvdkufw,fvdkY yJ&pfrSmusif;ycJhwJh tpnf;ta0; aemuf
MuD;xGm;rIu aMumufcref;vdvd MuD;rm;ygw,f/ Oa&myrSm ydkif;rSm owif;xGufvmw,f/ Domain Suffixe awGudk
303 &mcdkifEIef;? tm&SypdzdwfrSm 458 &mcdkifEIef;? ta&SU 0,ffEkdifzdkY wHcg;zGifhay;vdkufwJhoabm jzpfw,f/ 0,f,lol
tv,fydkif;eJY tmz&duwkdYrSm 403 &mckdifEIef;eJY vufwif tvkd&Sdovdk &,lEdkifr,f/ 'gayr,fh xdkufwefwJh aps;EIef;
tar&durSm 1055 &mckdifEIef;txd &Sdw,f/ awGawmh &Sdvmvdrhfr,f/ xGufvmwJh owif;t&
Facebook [m jyD;cJhwJhESpfuwif EkdifiHwum Com.org.edu pojzifh xm;&SdEkdifzdkY a':vm 100ç000
trSwfwHqdyf brand jzpfvmzdkY olrwlwJh tvkyfudk ausmf &SdMuvdrfhr,f/ aiGyrmPay: rlwnfjyD; cyber-
jzpfajrmuf atmifjrifcJhwmyg/ a'owGif; bmompum; opportunists awGuwpfqifh oD;jcm;pD real player awG
interface jzifh local aps;uGufeJY ukdufnDatmif wkd;jr§ifh arQmfrSef;,lEkdifw,f/ Trademark owners awGudk yxr
vkyfaqmifEkdifcJhw,f/ wpfESpftwGif;rSmudk ,cif qHk; priority xm;jyD; EkdifiHawGu olwkdY&JU suffixes udk
ta&;rygvSwJh taetxm;&SdcJhwJh aps;uGufrsm;pGmrSm xm;ay;vdrhfr,f/ 'Dae&mrSm avvHppfyGJoabm
tm;aumif;pGm jydKifvmEkdifw,f/ tcsKdUae&mawGrSm oufa&mufoGm;Edkifp&m taMumif;&Sdw,f/
OD;aqmifrIawmif &,lEkdifcJhygw,f/

28 uGefysLwm*sme,f
 owif ; awG u ....... 'D v d k & S d w ,f Myanmar news

Epson \ xkwu
f ek o
f pf rdwq
f ufyJG
EPSON ukrÜPD\ xkwfukefopfrsm; rdwfqufjyo
onfh tcrf;tem;udk 2008 ckESpf Mo*kwfv 6 &uf nae
5 em&Du &efukefjrdKY ql;avbk&m;vrf;&Sd ukefonfMuD;rsm;
[kdw,fwGif usif;yjyKvkyfcJhygonf/ tqdkyg tcrf;tem;
odkY jrefrmEdkifiH uGefysLwmtoif;csKyf? uGefysLwm
ynm&Siftoif;? uGefysLwm vkyfief;&Siftoif;wdkYrS
wm0ef&Sdyk*d¾Kvfrsm;? uGefysLwmukrÜPDrsm;ESifh *sme,f
r*¾Zif;wdkYrS udk,fpm;vS,frsm; wufa&mufMuonf/
tcrf;tem;wGif Client Focus Marketing Pte.
Ltd. (Singapore) rS Managing Director, Mr. Francis
Au Seng Huat ESifh Epson (Singapore) Pte. Ltd. rS
Senior Manager, Mr. Shuji Hamaguchi wdkYu MudKqdk
EIwfcGef;qufpum; ajymMum;onf/ xdkYaemuf EPSON \ Edkifonf/ rdwfqufwifjyaom EPSON y&ifwm tm;vkH;
jrefrmEdkifiHtwGuf wpfOD;wnf; ukd,fpm;vS,fjzpfaom onf EPSON Dura-Brite Ultra enf;ynmudk tokH;jyK
Client Focus ukrÜPDrS aps;uGufqdkif&mrefae*sm xm;aomaMumifh rifta&mif rSdefoGm;jcif;? rifpGef;jcif;?
OD;atmifausmfrdk;u jrefrmEdkifiH aps;uGufokdY ,aeYrS a&xdí rifysufjcif;rsm; rjzpfay:apyg/ ykH&dyf t&nf
pwifí jzefYcsdonfh EPSON product av;rsdK;ESifh taoG;ukdvnf; 5760 dpi txd wifí&ojzifh ykHESdyf&mwGif
ywfoufí tao;pdwf &Sif;vif;wifjyonf/ xdkYaemuf pmvHk;rsm; jywfom;jyD; "mwfykHt&nftaoG;vnf;
wufa&mufvmolrsm;rS xkwfukefopfrsm;ESifh ywfoufí aumif;rGefonf/ pD;yGm;a&; vkyfief;okH;twGuf EPSON
avhvm Munfh½IMuygonf/ GT-1500 trnf&Sd puifemukd rdwfqufwifjyxm;onf/
xdkaeYu rdwfqufwifjyonfh xkwfukefopf av;rsdK; ¤if;onf tzGJYtpnf;rsm;twGuf 'pf*spfw,f pm&Guf
teuf Epson Stylus T11 onf tdrfokH;? ausmif;om; pmwrf;rsm; xdef;odrf;Edkif&ef &nf&G,fxkwfvkyfxm;onf/
okH;ESifh y&ifwmudk ,ckrS pwif0,f,l tokH;jyKolrsm; A4 t&G,f&Sd rnfonfh pm&Gufpmwrf;rsdK;ukdrqdk oHk;olu
twGuf &nf&G,fxkwfvkyf a&mif;csjcif; jzpfonf/ aps;EIef; wpf&Gufcsif; xnfhay;p&m rvdkbJ pmrsufESm 40 txd
csdKomjyD; t&nftaoG;jynfh ykHESdyfay;Edkifonf/ t&G,f tvdktavsmuf qufwdkuf puifzwfEdkifonf/
tpm;ao;i,fí wpfudk,fa&okH;twGuf oifhawmf EPSON product tm;vkH;ukd trSwf SB (4)
ygonf/ tdrfokH;ESifh ukrÜPDrsm;twGuf y&ifwmomru atmifaZ,stdrf&m? urf;em;vrf;? tvkHjrdKYe,f&Sd Client
aumfyD,m? puifem yl;wGJygaom Epson Stylus TX200 Focus Technology Group zkef;-215247 /
ESifh Epson Stylus TX400 model ESpfrsdK;ukdvnf; trSwf 13? qdyfurf;omvrf;? ausmufwHwm;jrdKUe,f&Sd
rdwfqufwifjyxm;onf/ ¤if;wdkYonf ae&musOf;usOf;ESifh ta&mif;jycef;? zkef;? 249344? 374110 ESifh &efukefjrdKYESifh
tvkyfvkyfaeaom ukrÜPDrsm;? vkyfief;i,frsm;twGuf rEÅav;jrdKUrsm;&Sd uGefysLwm ta&mif;qdkifrsm;wGif
pGrf;aqmif&nftjynfh vkyfaqmifay;EdkifjyD; ae&mukd 0,f,l&&SdEdkifaMumif; od&ygonf/
acRwmapEdkifonf/ TX400 wGif oD;jcm; LCD Screen
yg0ifojzifh uGefysLwmrvdkbJ memory uwfrSwpfqifh
wdkuf½kduf y&ifwmxkwfEdkifonf? wdkuf½kduf puifemul;

pufwifbmv? 2008 29
owif;awGu ....... 'Dvdk&Sd w,f M y a n m a r News

CICT Diploma
oif w ef ; rs m ;
ICT (Information Communica-
tions Technology) enf;ynmonf
tvGef jrefqefpGm wdk;wuf
ajymif;vJaeonf/ tqdkyg
enf;ynmudk uRrf;usifpGm
toHk;csEdkif&ef vlom; t&if;tjrpf
ICDLatmifvufrw
S f cs;D jri§ yhf EJG iS hf Spring Board 4 vdktyfonf/ rMumrD ESpfrsm;wGif
Myanmar rdwfquf&Sif;vif;yGJ usif;y ICT enf;ynmudk uRrf;usif
wwfajrmufol &Sm;yg;rIudk urÇmh
Ocean Gate Education Services u MuD;rª;usif;yonfh ICDL EdkifiHrsm;u MuHKawGUMu&rnf[k
(International Computer Driving Licence) atmifvufrSwfrsm;taMumif; qdkonf/ ¤if;twGuf ,aeYacwf
a[majymyGJ? atmifvufrSwf csD;jr§ifhyGJESifh Spring Board 4 Myanmar rdwfquf vli,frsm;u MudKwif a&G;cs,f
&Sif;vif;yGJudk &efukefjrdKU Myanmar Info Tech ü usif;ycJhonf/ a&S;OD;pGm oif,lMu&ygvdrfhrnf/ xdkodkY
jrefrmEkdifiH uGefysLwmvkyfief;&Siftoif; Ouú| a':0g0gxGef;u tzGifhtrSm oif,lMu&mü oifMum;rI
pum; ajymMum;jyD; Spring Board 4 Asia \ trIaqmift&m&SdcsKyf Mr.Colin enf;pepfrSefuefjyD; t&nftcsif;
Glass u ICDL taMumif; a[majymaqG;aEG;cJhonf/ Ocean Gate Education jynfh0aom ynm&Sifrsm;jzpfatmif
Services \ 'kwd,Ouú| a':arjzLoG,fu jrefrmEkdifiHtwGif; ICDL oifwef; vrf;nTef oifMum;ay;Edkifrnfh
rsm; zGifhvSpfoifMum;ay;aerIrsm;udk &Sif;vif;wifjyonf/ xdkYaemuf ICDL oifwef;rsm; vdktyfaeygjyD/ tqdkyg
atmifvufrSwf &&Sdolrsm;ESifh xl;cRefqk &&Sdolrsm;udk {nfhonfawmfrsm;ESifh tm;enf;csufudk jznfhqnf;zdkY&m
Ocean Gate \ Ouú| OD;xifatmifckdifwdkYu ay;tyfcsD;jr§ifhMuonf/ Myanmar Information Technol-
qufvufí vkyfief;rsm; yl;aygif;aqmif&GufrItwGuf oabmwlpmcsKyfudk ogy Pte Ltd. u MuD;rª; zGifhvSpfonfh
OD;xifatmifckdifESifh Mr.Colin Glass wdkYu vufrSwfa&;xdk; vJvS,fMuonf/ CICT Diploma oifwef;rsm;u
(tay:yHk) xdkYaemuf vkyfief;qkdif&mt&m&SdcsKyf OD;odef;pdk;u Spring Board 4 taxmuftuljyKay;ygvdrfhrnf/
Asia taMumif;ESifh taumiftxnfazmfaqmif&Gufrnfh vkyfief;rsm;taMumif; Myanmar Information Technol-
&Sif;vif;wifjyonf/ vkyfief;cGif uGefysLwmtoHk;csuRrf;usifrI t&nf ogy Pte Ltd. rS wm0ef,l zGifhvSpf
tcsif;ppf atmifvufrSwf jzpfaom ICDL udk 2007 ckESpfrSpjyD; jrefrmEkdifiHwGif vsuf&dSaom Cambridge ICT for
pwifcJhonf/ tif*sifeD,m yHkqGJynm toHk;csaqmhzf0Jjzpfaom AutoCAD All, Malaysia \ CICT Diploma
uRrf;usifrIudk ppfaq;ay;aom ICDL CAD ukdyg atmifjrifpGm ppfaq;ay; oifwef;rsm;ESifh ywfoufí
aejyD jzpfonf/ Spring Board 4 Myanmar taejzifh ICDL udk ,ckxufydkjyD; &Sif;vif;a[majymyGJ tcrf;tem;udk
wGifwGifus,fus,f atmifjrifvmatmif wm0ef,laqmif&GufoGm;rnfjzpfonf/ 2008 ckESpf Mo*kwfv 16 &uf
xdkYtjyif pD;yGm;a&;ESifh ynma&;qkdif&m twkdifyifcH aqmif&Gufjcif;? EkdifiHwum eHeuf 9 em&DwGif Myanmar Info-
tqifhjrifhynma&;ESifh oufarG;0rf;ausmif; oifwef;rsm; zGifhvSpfoifMum;jcif; Tech \ Conference Hall wGif
wdkYudkyg aqmif&GufoGm;rnfjzpfonf/ pdwf0ifpm;olrsm;ESifh yl;aygif;aqmif&Guf usif;y jyKvkyfcJhonf/
vdkaom tzGJYtpnf;rsm;taejzifh ½Hk;cef;wnf&Sd&m trSwf 355? tcef; 206? tcrf;tem;wGif jrefrmEdkifiH
odrfjzLvrf;? r*FvmawmifnGefY? zkef; - 380130 odkY qufoG,fEkdifygonf/ uGefysLwmynm&Siftoif; Ouú|

30 uGefysLwm*sme,f
 owif ; awG u ....... 'D v d k & S d w ,f Myanmar news

OD;cGefOD;rS tzGifhtrSmpum; ajymMum;onf/ xdkYaemuf mpec.ygn@cictedu.com ESifh tcef; (407 ^408)?

Cambridge ICT, Malaysia rS Business Operation aps;csKd tdkifwDZHk? av;xyf? aps;csKdyvmZm? rEÅav;jrdKU?
Director, Ms. Olivia Tan u ICT Careers: Knowledge zkef;-02- 86234? Email: mpec.mdy@nirva-soft.com
Economy acgif;pOfjzifh &Sif;vif; ajymMum;onf/ odkY qufoG,f pHkprf;ar;jref;EdkifaMumif; od&ygonf/
qufvufí Cambridge ICT, Malaysia rS Ms.
Shereen Khan u Cambridge ICT ESifh ywfoufí
&Sif;vif;ajymMum;cJhygonf/ Diploma oifwef;rsm;\
oif½dk;nTef;wrf;ESifh oifMum;rnfh enf;pepfrsm;? oifwef; tar&duefvrl sKd ;wd&Yk YJ wpfywftwGi;f
jyD;qHk;olrsm;twGuf study pathways udk Myanmar tdrrf mS tifwmeuftoH;k
Information Technology Pte Ltd. rS taxGaxG
refae*sm OD;aevif;oef;rS &Sif;vif; ajymMum;ygonf/
xdkYaemuf wufa&mufvmolrsm;\aqG;aEG;
ar;jref;csufrsm;udk jyefvnfajzMum;um tcrf;tem;udk
½kyfodrf;cJhonf/
CICT Diploma oifwef;rsm;udk wufa&mufvdkolESifh
tpDtpOf tao;pdwfudk odvdkolrsm;onf trSwf 112?
tcef; (11^12) &Spfrdkif? jynfvrf;? r&rf;ukef;jrdKUe,f?
&efukefjrdKU/ zkef;-668779? 668259? 650124? Email:

pufwifbmv? 2008 31
34 uGefysLwm*sme,f
2008 ckESpfrSm jrefrmEdkifiH&JY laptop uGefysLwm
tok H ; u wpf & S d e f w d k ; wuf v mw,f / Desktop
uGefysLwm 10 vHk;a&mif;&&if laptop uGefysLwm 7
vHk; a&mif;&wJhtxd wufvm
w,f / Laptop uG e f y sLwm
EdkifiHwum brand awG wpfckjyD; vuf y f a wmh w pf v H k ;
wpf c k a&muf v mw,f / 'g 0,fzdkY qdkwmu ½dk; ½dk;
aMumifhyJ 'Dvxkwf uGefysLwm
*sme,frSm jrefrmEdkifiH&JY laptop uG e f y s L wm
uGefysLwm tokH;csrIeJY ywfouf wpf v H k ; 0,f & wmxuf
jyD; odxm;oifhwmav;awGudk
pmzwfy&dowftwGuf tm;yg; aps;u q,fqeD;yg;
w& pkpnf;azmfjyay;vdkufyg avmuf u G m w,f /
w,f / aemuf v rsm;rS m vnf ;
laptop uG e f y sLwm tok H ; csrI
qdkif&m vufawGYoifcef;pmawG? tjcm;odrSwfp&m
awGudk qufwdkufazmfjyay;oGm;rSm jzpfygw,f/
'Daqmif;yg;pktwGuf MudK;yrf; wifqufoal wGuawmh
OD;aomif;0if; (yef;cs,f&D)? aZ,smpHeJY OD;armif
armifMuD;wdkY jzpfygw,f/

pufwifbmv? 2008 35
 U S E R FOR
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345
ajymif;vJvmwJh
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345
Ekwbf wk u
f eG fysLwm
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345
EdkifiHwumtajctaeawG ajymif;vJvm
jy;D cJw
h hJ ESpyf ikd ;f upvdYk uReaf wmfwjYkd refrmEdik if rH mS vltawmfrsm;rsm; laptop
ovdk jynfwGif;taetxm;awG ajymif;
oHk;vmMuygw,f/ ukd,fpDukd,fpD EkwfbkwfuGefysLwmwpfvHk;pDeJY vlawG&JY vJvmwmaMumifhvJ ygw,f/ aemuf
b0aexdik [ f efyefawG ajymif;vmMuwmukd rodrom jrifawGaY eMu&ygw,f/ wpfcu k enf;ynmawG wd;k wuf ajymif;
'DbufEpS yf ikd ;f rSmvnf; ASUS, MSI, Toshiba, BenQ, Acer, NEC pwJh Edik if w H um vJvmwmuvnf; 'Daps;uGuf jzpfxGef;
a&;ud k taxmuf t ul jyKaew,f /
Ekwbf w k f brand awG jrefrmEdik if aH ps;uGux f J awmufavQmuf 0ifvmMuawmh
t"duuswmuawmh aps;EIef; jzpfr,f
uGeyf sLwm*sme,ftaeeJY Ekwb f wk uf eG yf sLwm aps;uGuf ajymif;vJvmrIeyYJ wfoufjy;D xifw,f/ t&ifuqdk&if laptop eJY
q&mOD;aomif;wifeYJ awGq Y akH r;jref;jzpfcyhJ gw,f/ atmufrmS azmfjyxm;wmawGuawmh desktop uGmjcm;rI trsm;MuD; &Sdw,f/
q&mOD;aomif;wifeYJ awGq Y kH ar;jref;csurf sm;xJrS vd&k if;udk aumufEw
k f Laptop wpfvHk; 0,fzdkYqdkwmu ½dk;½dk;
uGeyf sLwmwpfv;kH 0,f&wmxuf aps;u
azmfjyxm;csuaf wG jzpfygw,f/
q,fqeD;yg;avmufuGmw,f/ 'Dawmh
ay;xm;wJh ykdufqH q,fq/ 'Dvdkay;
ajym&r,fqdk&if uRefawmfwdkY EkdifiH trsm;MuD; awGYae&jyD/ uGefysLwmeJY onfhwkdifatmif laptop uae jyefjyD;
u odyfxl;qef;wJhEkdifiHrsKd; jzpfr,fxif b,fvdkrS rywfoufwhJ vlwpfa,muf ay;qyfvmwJh respond u auseyfp&m
w,f/ wpfcgwpfav jzpfxGef;r,fvdkY uGefysLwm 0,fawmhr,fqdk&ifawmif raumif ; bl ; / Processing power
rxif&wJh pD;yGm;a&;awG ½kwfw&uf olYtaeeJY yxrqHk;0,frSmulaptop uvnf; raumif;bl;/ aemuf ta&;
atmifjrifwwfwhJ oabm&Sw d ,f/ Oyrm jzpfaejyD/ MuD;qH;k tcsuu f armfewD m/ armfewD mu
Asm rD;pufawG a&mif;aumif;wmrsKd;? wu,fwrf;ajym&&if uRefawmf umvmraumif;bl;/ aemuf bufx&D?
0,faomufrSm r[kwfbl;vdkY xifxm; wdYkawGu, kd w
f ikd f 'Daps;uGuMf uD; jzpfxeG ;f bufx&Duvnf; o,foGm;vdkY&onfh
&wJah &oefYb;l awG 0,faomufwmrsK;d vdk aewm vH;k 0rodcb hJ ;l / cifAsm;wdYkuawmh wkdifatmif rayghao;bl;/ t&rf;av;
&Sw
d wfMuw,f/ tckvnf; jrefrmjynf&UJ ajymr,f uGeyf sLwmavmurSm uReaf wmf w,f/ toHk;rcHbl;/ aemufwpfcku
uGeyf sLwmaps;uGurf mS laptop aps;uGuf wdkYawGu vkyfief;MuD;orm;awG tpp desktop udk tpm;xkd;onfhwkdifatmif
[m ajymprSwfjyKavmufatmif vIyfcg rSm a&SYwef;uvdYk xifaerSmyJ/ cifAsm;wdYk pm½du k &f wmutp tcuftcJawG wpfykH
vmaejyD/ tckqdk&if ukrÜPDMuD;awG[m xifovdk uRefawmfwYkd awGu tMuD;MuD; MuD;&Sdaew,f/ 'Dawmh laptop qkdwm
uGefysLwm 10 vHk; a&mif;&vQif 7 vHk; awmh tMuD;MuD;yJ/ 'gayr,fh urÇmOD;u c&D;oGm;&if; rjzpfraeoHk;&r,fh udpö
avmuf u laptop 'dik Ef akd qmMuD;awG jzpfaew,f/ aps;uGuf wpfcv k ydk J ½H;k a&muf&if oH;k p&m rvkad wmh
jzpfaewwfwmudk awG ajymif;vJoGm;wm owdrxm;rdcJh bl;/
tHhtm;oifhpzG,f bl;/ rodbl;/ udk,fu 'Daps;uGufxJ 'Do;kH av;ESpt f wGi;f rSmawmh ajymif;
awGYaeMu&jyD/ 0ifr,fvkyfawmhrS 'Daps;uGufMuD;u vJoGm;jyD/ yxrtcsufu armfeDwm
Laptop tMuD;MuD;jzpfaejyD/ ajymif;vJw,f/ LCD jzpfvmw,f/
oD;oefYa&mif; 'Daps;uGuMf uD; bmaMumifh jzpfxeG ;f aemuf bufx&D enf;ynm wkd;wuf
wJh qkdifawG vmovJqdkwmajym&&if trsm;MuD;yJ/ vmw,f/ aemuf CPU wufvmw,f/

36 uGefysLwm*sme,f
 U S E R FOR
t&ifwek ;f u AMD wdYk? bmwdYkuvnf;
market r&SdwJhtwGuf rvkyfcJhMubl;/
tckawmh ajymif;vmMujyD/ Screen u
desktop screen jzpfvmjyD/ uD;bkwf
awGvnf; desktop keyboard twkdif;
jzpfvmMujyD? numeric keypad awG
awmif ygvmjyD/ numeric keypad qdk
wmu Accountant vdrk sdK; pm&if;Z,m;
okH;wJholawGtwGuf ta&;MuD;w,f/
Track ball awG oH;k vmjyD? Power ydi k ;f rSm
Intel a&m AMD ua&m Speed udk
jrefatmif vkyfvmMujyD/ 'Dawmh Input,
Output ESpfzufpvHk;rSm aumif;vm
MujyD/ 'Dawmh uRefawmfwdkY c&D;oGm;wJh
tcgrSm Application av;wpfck run
zdkY? rjzpfrae pm½dkufy½dk*&rfav;wpfck
oH;k zdYk vvkd mjyDq&kd if laptop udk pm;yGaJ y:
rSm csjyD; oHk;vmMujyD/ aemufwpfcku
Internet . . . Wireless . . . tJ'gu
ta&;MuD;w,f/ tck uRefawmf tvkyf
vkyfae&if;uae coffe shop rSm aumfzD
qif;aomufr,f/ uRefawmfh desktop
MuD; a&TUoGm;zdkYqkdwm rjzpfEkdifwm/
'Dawmh a&SUrSm laptop wpfvHk; csxm;jyD;
tm;vHk;eJY tqufrjywf qufoG,fvdkY
&oGm;jyD/ tvkyfqufvkyfaevdkY&w,f/
aemufwpfcsuftaeeJY [ef;zkef;
orm;awGu ajymMuw,f/ [ef;zkef;u
ae laptop oHk;vdkY &w,fwJh/ 'Dawmh
ajymif;jyef pOf;pm;Munhfr,fqkd&if lap-
top uaevnf; [ef;zke;f ajymvdYk &Eki d yf g
jyD/ uRefawmfh&JU VOIP uaewpfqifh
ajymqkdvkdY &EkdifaejyD/ tJ'DvdkrsdK; desk-
top ray;EkdifwJh t&omrsKd;awGudk ay;
aejyD/ uRefawmf laptop udkifxm;&if
wpfurÇmvHk; oGm;vdkY&EkdifaejyD/
tJ'Dvdkqdk&if laptop u desktop
udk tpm;xkd;Edkifrvm;qkdawmhvJ r[kwf
ao;bl;/ ae&mwkid ;f awmh tpm;rxk;d Ekid f
bl;/ taumif;qHk;qdkwJh laptop qdkwm
awGawmif desktop function tjynhf
38 uGefysLwm*sme,f
awmh r&ao;bl;/ 'gayr,fh laptop
awGrSm *drf;rmawGawmifrS Graphic
Card tpm;xkd;xnhfvdkY&wJhtqifhawmh
jzpfaejyD/ uRefawmfxifw,f 80 % re-
place awmh vkyfEkdifaeygjyD/ Function
rSm wcsKdUu desktop udk ausmfoGm;Edkif
w,f/ Laptop awG&JYaps;u t&rf;
drop jzpfvmw,f/ Desktop bufrmS u
t&rf; open jzpfwJhtcgrSm a&mif;&wm
rSm aps;t&rf; ,SOfvm&jyD/ txl;ojzifh
(OEM) vkdif;rSm odomw,f/ Desk-
top uvnf; 0dwfavQmhzdkY MudK;pm;vm&
w,f/ Reliable rjzpfwmawGrsm;vmjyD;
quality ydkif;ygusomG ;w,f/ tJ't D csed f
rSm laptop awGu quality wufvm
w,f/
aemufwpfck uGefysLwmokH;wJhol
awG&JY tawG;tac:ajymif;vmwmvJ
ygw,f/ t&ifuqdk&if uGefysLwm wpf
vH;k 0,fawmhr,fq&kd if aps;b,favmuf
oufomrvJu ppOf;pm;Muwm rsm;
w,f/ Reliability udk xnfph Of;pm;wJo h l
enf;w,f/ tckaemufydkif; concept u
enf;enf;av; xyfajymif;vmw,f/
Reliability jyefpOf;pm;vmMuw,f/
ypön;f wefz;dk u bmrSr&Sb d ;l / 'Operate'
vkyzf Ykd u ydjk yD; ta&;MuD;w,fqw kd m jzpf
vmMuw,f/ tJ'DtcsdefrSm apmapmu
uRefawmfajymcJhovdk laptop awGbuf
u vkyaf qmifEikd pf rG ;f awG wufvmw,f?
aps;awGusvmw,f/ Desktop bufrmS
usawmh aps;uGufrSm ,SOfzdkYwifrubl;
a&&Snf&yfwnfzdkYtwGufyg vkyf&awmh
aps;udk 'DhxufydkjyD; csvdkY r&awmhbl;/
'DvdkyJ xkwfvkyfolawGtaeeJY laptop
awGudk ,SOfvdkYr&wJh tcsufawG &Sdae
w,f/ tJ'guvJ oHk;pGJolawGtwGuf
ta&;ygwJhtcsufjzpfaew,f/ apmapm
uajymovdk mobility jzpfwmrsdK;udk
desktop u b,fvdkrS ,SOfvdkYr&bl;/
'Dawmh tm;vHk;udk jcHKvdkuf&if aps;
usvmw,f/ t&ifu 'DtwGuf q,fq
ay;&w,f/ 'gayr,fh tck wpfqyJ ydk
ay;&awmhr,f/ 'Dawmh laptop udk a&G;
vmMuzdkY jzpfvmw,f/
aemufwpfcku laptop oHk;wJhvl&JU
lifestyle vnf; yg0ifvmjyD/ olYudk
wHqdyfuyfwmjzpfoGm;jyD/ vl&JUyHk&dyfudk
azmfjywm jzpfoGm;jyD/ rsm;aomtm;jzifh
vkyif ef;vdt k yfcsut f wGuv f Yak d jym&if&ayr,fh
uRefawmfxifwm rrSm;bl; qdk&if vkyf
ief;vdt k yfcsuv f yJ gjyD; wjcm; pdwf cHpm;
csufeJYvJ qkdifr,fxifw,f/ enf;enf;
awmh &ifhoD;oGm;rvm; rodbl; wjcm;
pum;vHk;wpfck MuGm;csifwmvJ ygr,f/
vkyif ef;&Sit f csif;csif; okYd r[kwf ausmif;
om;tcsif;csif; wpfa,mufu Ekwf
bkwf uGeyf sLwm udik o f ;kH vmw,fq&kd if
udk,fuvJ wwfEdkifw,fqdk&if 0,fokH;
ypfvu kd zf Ykd pOf;pm;vmMuwmygyJ/ Lap-
top udk,fEIdufu Lifestyle jzpfoGm;
jyDudk;/ MP3 player vkdrsKd;aygh/
aemufwpfck ta&;MuD;wmu vuf
vSrf;rDvmMuw,f/ t&ifuqdk&if lap-
top wpfvHk;0,fzdkYudk trsm;MuD; pOf;pm;
&w,f/ aps;uvJ MuD;wm ygwmudk;/
tckawmh tJ'v D rkd [kwaf wmhb;l / tqifh
twef;tvdkuf vufvSrf;rDwJh laptop
uGeyf sLwmawGukd 0,fEikd w f t hJ cGit
hf vrf;
awG &SdvmMuw,f/ topfpufpuf
brand udkrS MudKufwJh 0,fEdkifwJholawG
twGuf pdwfMudKuf brand udk a&G;0,f
vdkY&w,f/ tckqdk&if laptop brand
tawmfrsm;rsm; jrefrmEdkifiHrSm udk,fpm;
vS,fawG &SdaeMujyD/ jrefrmEdkifiHrSm
w&m;0if u d k , f p m;vS , f r &S d a o;wJ h
wjcm; brand awGvJ 0,fvdkY&aejyD/
tJ'DvdkrSr[kwfbJ aiGaMu; rwwf
Edik w
f o
hJ al wGtwGuv f J wjcm;tcGit hf vrf;
awG xyf&Sdvmwmu used laptop uGef
ysLwmawGudk aps;oufoufomomeJY
0,fEdkifwJhtcGifhtvrf;awG &SdvmwmyJ

jzpfw,f/ ajymawmhom used vdYk ajym&
wm? olYrmS uvnf; tm;vH;k brand uGef
ysLwmawGcsnf;yJjzpfvdkY odyftjypfajym
p&m r&Sdbl;/ topfeJYoHk;jyD;om; uGm
wm? aps;EIe;f uGmwmyJ &Srd ,f/ wpfv;kH udk
ESpfodef;cGJavmufeJYudk &w,f/ tvkyf
vkyv f Ykd &w,f/ aumif;wm raumif;wm
awmh uGmrSmaygh/ ajymMupwrf;qkd&if
jyefpOf;pm;Mu&if uGefysLwm wpfvHk;yJ
Asm/ bmyJjzpfjzpf? oHk;r,fqkd&if desk-
top u tJ'DavmufeJY&zdkY cJ,Of;w,f/
cJ,Of;w,fqkdwmxuf rjzpfEkdifbl;/
armfew D mwpfv;kH wif wpfoed ;f cGaJ vmuf
&SdaejyDqkdawmh laptop eJY desktop eJY
,SOv f u kd &f if ta[mif;csi;f twlwl per-
formance utp bmrQ ruGmawmhb;l /
ajym&&if laptop uawmif ydkjyD; omae
wJh tcsufawG &Sdaeao;w,f/ oHk;jyD;
om; laptop uGefysLwmawG ayr,fh
vnf ; od y f t qif h t ed r f h c snf ; awmh
r[kwfbl;/ uGmvS ESpfqifhoHk;qifhayg/
tqifhuGmav aps;u ydkoufomwJh
oabmrS m &S d a wmh 0,f o H k ; wJ h o l a wG
tqifhtrsdK;rsdK;twGuf tqifydkajyae
wmawmif awGY&w,f/ Used qdak yr,fh
tmrcHay;wmaum? qm;Apfay;wmaum
u olYtqifhtvdkuf ay;wmcsif; odyf
ruGmawmh tm;vH;k twGuf tqifajyae
wm awGY&w,f/ wcsdKYqdk&if laptop
uGefysLwmawGudk t&pfuspepfeJYawmif
a&mif;ay;aewm awGY&w,f/ 'gaMumifh
a&SYrSm uRefawmf ajymcJhwmaygh/ uRef
awmfwdkYawG 'Daps;uGufudk 0ifcsdefrSm
aemufawmifusaejyDvdkY/
uGefysLwm oHk;pGJwJhol twGufu
awmh Laptop wpfvHk;&Sdwm[m uGef
ysLwm ESpv f ;kH &Sw
d hJ oabmyJjzpfygw,f/
Desktop u ½Hk;rSmxm;&if tdrfrSm oHk;
vdkYr&bl;av/
jyD;awmh vQyfppfrD;r&vdkY &vdkY qdk
wJhjyoemawGvJ xnfhpOf;pm;p&m rvdk
wmvJygw,f/ ckaemufydkif;rSm tifwm
eufuaz;awGMunfh&if Ekwfbkwf uGef
ysLwmawG oH k ; vmwmawG Y &w,f /
bmjzpfvYkd oH;k vmMuwmvJqakd wmh apm
apmuajymovd k life style wpf c k
oabmvJygjyD; aemufwpfcku rD;ysuf
oGm;rSm? rD;ysufoGm;wmaMumifh wjcm;
u&duxawG r&SdawmhwmaMumifhvJ yg
vd r h f r ,f x if w ,f / uRef a wmf w d k Y
qdkufbmuaz;rSm desktop uGefysLwm
awG oHk;w,f/ UPS awmh cHxm;wmyJ/
'gayr,fh rD;u ½kwfw&uf jywfoGm;wJh
tcg wcsdKY UPS awGu aMumifjyD; puf
udk yg0gjzwfypfvu kd w
f mrsKd ; &Sw
d wfovdk
*sifea&wmEdI;aewmMumvdkY UPS rEdkif
awmhbJ puftm;vHk; restart jzpfoGm;wJh
tcgrsdK;vJ &Sdwwfw,f/ oHk;ae&if;eJY
pufjyefwufzdkY apmifh&wmwdkY? wpfcg
wav configure vky&f wmwdYk &Sw d ,f/
EkwfbkwfudkoHk;&if 'DjyóemawG &Sif;
oGm;jyD/ r&Sdawmhbl;/ Laptop u rD;
ysufrSmwkdY? rD;rvmrSmwdkY ryl&bl;/ vl
wpfOD;csif;qdk ydkjyD; odomygw,f/ 'D
ae&m rD;rvmbl;qdk&if vmwJhae&m a&TY
jyD; tvkyfvkyfvdkY&w,f/ Desktop vJ
ae&ma&TYvkyf&if &wmygyJvdkY uwf
ajym&if &ayr,fh Ekwfbkwf&JY tm;om
csufudkawmh jiif;y,fvdkY r&Edkifygbl;/
aemufwpfcku Security / Ekwf
bkwfawG&JY tm;om;csufwpfck jzpfyg
w,f/ uReaf wmfph ufukd uReaf wmf ½H;k rSm
xm;cJh&wm 'DpufxJrSm uRefawmhf ukd,f
a&;ukd,fwmawG trsm;MuD;/ 'guawmh
vlwpfa,mufcsif;pDrSm personal file
awG &SdovkdrsKd;aygh/ Laptop uawmh
ydkjyD;vHkjcHKw,f/ Oyrmwpfckqdkygawmh/
uRefawmf ½Hk;twGuf vpmwkd;r,fhudpö
vk y f a ew,f/ 'DvlYudk b,favmuf
wkd;oifhovJ? 5 &mckdifEIef;vm;/ igh
0ifaiGu b,favmuf? tJhovdk wGuf
csufae&wJhtcgrSm 'gMuD;udk ½Hk;rSm
uRefawmf xm;cJh&w,f/ aemufwpfck
pdwful;xJ ay:wmav; xyfjyD; jznhf
pGufcsifw,f/ 'gMuD;udk ½Hk;rSm xm;cJh
&wmrsKd;udku pdwfrcsrf;omp&mAs/
'gOyrm ajymwm/ 'Dvdk wjcm;udpaö wG
trsm;MuD; &Sdao;w,f/ 'gaMumifh t&if
wke;f u uRefawmfwkdYu removeable
hard disk udk oH;k jyD; tdrof ,fomG ;vdu k f
½H;k o,fomG ;vduk f vkyMf u&w,f/ tJ'v D kd
rsdK;usawmh vrf;rSm oGm;&if;vm&if;
wpfckck jzpfvdkY data lost jzpfrSmudk
pkd;&drf&jyefa&m/ Thumb drive awG
usawmh ckacwfrSmodwJhtwdkif; uGefysL
wm Adkif;&yfpfxdrSmawG? bmawG pkd;&drf
ae&jyefa&m/ 'gawGudk tm;vHk;jcHKjyD;
jyefpOf;pm;vkdufawmh laptop u ykdjyD;
oifah wmfomG ;wm awGU&w,f/ 'Dae&mrSm
cifAsm;u ajymr,f uRefawmfhpufudk cdk;
oGm;jyD; txJu data ,lvdkY &wmyJvdkY/
tckaemufydkif;xkwfwJh laptop wdkif;rSm
tJ ' D t wG u f security ygjyD ; om;
jzpfaejyD/ password eJYwif tm;r&vdkY
vufaAGeJY xdef;csKyfrvm;? ckaemufydkif;
qdk uGeyf sLwmzGiw hf meJY cifAsm;rsufEmS ukd
uG e f y sLwmu aoaocsmcsmjrif & rS
zGifhay;r,fqdkwmrsdK;txd security udk
vkyfvmMujyD/ rsufESmrSm 0ufjcHawmh
raygufapeJYayghAsm/ uGefysLwmu tydk
tvdkawmh vufrcHbl;As/
'gawGu laptop uGeyf sLwmawGukd
vlawG okH;vm&jcif;&JY taMumif;awG
pufwifbmv? 2008 39
 U S E R FOR
jzpf y gw,f / wu,f a wmh 'D t jzpf
tysufawG[m jynfwGif;rSmom ruyg
bl; EdkifiHwumrSmvJ 'Dtwdkif;ygyJ/
Trend &JU tajccHoabmu twlwlyg
yJ? ruGmygbl;/ uGmwmuawmh uRef
awmfwYkdqrD mS vuf&dS &yfwnfvyI &f mS ;ae
wJh pD;yGm;a&;yHkpHeJY EdkifiHwumrSm jzpf
xGef;aewJh pD;yGm;a&;ykHpHygyJ/ aps;uGuf
ykHpH? aps;uGufwnfaqmufrIykHpHawGyJ
uGmygw,f/
tJ'Dawmh oHk;oyfwmu vlawG&JU
pwkdif ajymif;vJjyD/ Oyrmqkd&if Sony
vdkY ajymvdkuf&if high def aygh/ tJ'Dvdk
rsKd; wGJjyD; rSwfvmMuw,f/ Brand
udkyg/ cGJjcm;vmwwfMujyD/ aocsm
wmu notebook bufudk ajymif;oGm;
MujyD/
Ekwfbkwf uGefysLwm aps;uGufu
awmh uRefawmfwdkYoGm;aeusyHkpHtwdkif;
First Laptop
Osborne 1
introduced- April 1981
aps;EIe;f - $ 1795
tav;csed f - 24 'or 5 aygif
CPU - Zilog 280
RAM - 64 k
Display - built-in 5 vufr armfew
D m
port - parallel/ IEEE-488, modem/
serial port
storage - 91 k drive
OS - CP/M
40 uGefysLwm*sme,f
r[kwfbl;/ ypönf;oGif;ol? a&mif;ol
yHkpHrwlbl;/ Laptop vkyfr,fqkdwJh
vlawGu enf;enf;vJ vkyfvkdY &w,f/
rsm;rsm;vJ vkyfvdkY &w,f/ tkyfpkeJYvJ
vk y f v d k Y &w,f / wpf u d k , f a wmf v J
vkyfvdkY&w,f/ aps;rsm;wmeJY enf;wm
tm;vHk;udk nd§vdkY &w,f/ tJ'Dawmh
uRefawmfwkdY rodvdkufbJeJY vlawG
udk,fwkdifu uRefawmfwkdYudk ausmfwuf
oGm;jyD/ tck 'Dem;rSm uRefawmfawGU&wJh
Cyber City qkd&if notebook csnf;yJ
oD;oefYvkyfw,f/ uRefawmfwkdYvkd cas-
ing roGif;bl;/ armfeDwm rvkyfbl;/ 'D
notebook ud k y J oD ; oef Y v k y f w ,f /
Market u tJoavmufxd MuD;vm
w,f/
aemuf w pf c k u notebook u
'OEM' r[kww f thJ wGuf ydjk yD; jrwfw,f/
aemuf trSeftwkdif;ajym&&if desktop
r a&&mrIawG?raocsmwJo h rdik ;f aMumif;
awGeYJ tjiif;tcHpk um;awGukd cP
arhxm;vdkufr,fqdk&if urÇmhyxrqHk;
laptop udk 1981 ckESpf {jyDvrSm xkwf
vkyf jzefYcsdcJhwJh 'Osborne' qdkwmudk
wnDwnGwfwnf; vufcHxm;Muyg
w,f/ tar&duefa':vm 1795 a':
vmeJY aps;uGufwifcJhwJh Osborne 1
[m 24 aygifcGJavmufudk av;ygw,f/
Ram yrmPuvJ 64 Kb om &SdwJh
twGuf ,ckacwf laptop oHk;pGJolawG
tzdkY r,HkMunfEdkifwJh Ram yrmPygyJ/
trS e f w u,f y gyJ / ½k w f w &uf
Munfh&if *pfwmxnfhwJh vG,ftdwfMuD;
vdkvdk 'grSr[kwf taumf'D,HMuD; vdk
vdkeJY ½kyfqdk;vSwJh Osborne yJ jzpf
ygw,f/ oHk;pGJxm;wJh CPU udk
MunfOh ;D Zilog 280 &JU 4.0 MHz tqihf
u tdrfvdkufqifay;&w,f/ tJ'Dvdk
vdu k q f ifay;&wJh p&dwu f aomif;ausmf
w,f/ um;wpfpD;? technician wpf
a,muf? '½dkifbmwpfa,muf/ techni-
cian wpfa,muf&JU 'DaeY olYvpmudk
aeYwu G f wGurf ,fq&dk if 5000 avmuf
usw,f/ tJ'Dawmh tdrfudkoGm;qif&wJh
"mwfqDzkd;? '½dkifbmc? ynm&SifcawGeJY
qk&d if aomif;*Pef; ukew f ,f/ Laptop
rSmu tJ'Djyóem r&Sdbl;/ vm0,f
uwnf;u wpfcgwnf; qifay;vdkuf
jyD;jyD/ ta&mif;t0,fjyD;jyD? 'gyJ/ aemuf
wpfckckysufvdkY jyifp&m&Sd&if desktop
udk o,fvmygvdYk ajym&if o,frvmcsif
Mubl;/ 'Dawmh uReaf wmfwYkdu tdrv f wT f
ay;&w,f/ "mwfqu D ek wf ,f/ '½dik bf m
wpfa,muf? technician wpfa,muf/
aemufwpfcku service center taeeJY
ajym&if desktop avmuf tysufrjref
yJ &Sdw,f/ OS ua&m bmxl;ovJ/
tcsuftvufawGukd xde;f csKyfprD zH Ykd mi-
crocomputer awGtwGuf a&;qGJxm;
wJh OS wpfck/ "CP/M" vdkY ac:w,f/
odkavSmifEdkifpGrf; yrmPu 91 KB
tqihfyJ&SdwJh drive wpfckom jzpfw,f/
aMomf 'gjzifh pufvnfywfa&;pepfawG
u olYacwf olYtcgeJY nHhzsif;aewmudk
xm;ygawmh? yHkxGufua&m Munf&JU
r[kwfvm;/ MunfrMunfhawmh rod
bl;/ 5 vufryJ &SdwJh screen jyifudk
awGU&r,f/ (ajym&&if 'DaeYacwf Gtalk
&JU default text box wpfckaygh) uJ
jyD;a&m/
aemufEpS rf mS awmh osborne ukrP Ü D
uaejyD; Executive model OCC-2 udk
&&SEd ikd yf gjyDvYkd *kP,
f 0l ih<f um;pGm aMunm
cJhw,f/ tJ'D OCC-2 rSm tenf;i,f
bl ; / 'guawmh avmavmq,f r S m
branded awG okH;wmrsm;vdkY? 'kwd,
customer ud k , f w k d i f u laptop ud k
o,fvmzdkY 0efrav;bl;/
aemufjyD; service u uRefawmf
ajymcJwh t hJ wkid ;f aygh/ User ud,
k wf idk f olY
laptop uav; vmjyD; ydkY½HkygyJ/ trsm;
MuD; ajymif;vJoGm;cJhw,f/ uRefawmf
xifw,f/ aemufydkif;qdk&if service
awG ydjk yD; aumif;vmMuvdrrfh ,f/ tcku
international service awGuvJ ay:ae
jyDudk;/ pifumylu 0,fcJhwJh brand
wpfckudk jrefrmEkdifiHrSm ½Hk;cGJ&Sd&if 0ifjyD;
maintain vkyw f mrsK;d utp &vmMujyD/
awmfawmfav;udk aumif;vmMujyDvkdY
uRefawmf jrifygw,f/
EkwfbkwfuGefysLwm aps;uGufeJY
ywfoufvYkduawmh trSet f wkid ;f ajym&
&if uRefawmfu vefYEkd;oGm;wmyg/
ydkMuD;vm;wJh rsufESmjyifeJYtwl cool-
ing fan wdkY wJGzuf yg0ifvmw,f/
tcsdew f ukd av;twGi;f rSmyJ aemuf
xyf aMunmcsufwpfckudk ukrÜPDqD
uae oH;k pGo J al wG Mum;cJ&h w,f/ aemuf
xyf pepfwpfcjk zpfwhJ Vixen udk CP/M
OS eJYtwl &EdkifjyDqdkwJh owif;yg/
(tJ'gudk 'DbufacwftaeeJY jyefawG;
Munfhr,fqdk&if version wpfckudk 0,f
,ljyD;vdkufwJhtcsdefrSm aemufxyf ver-
sion wpfckudk aMumfjimwmudk Mum;
vdkuf&ovdkrsKd;yJ jzpfrSmaygh...)
'D w pf a cguf a wmh oH k ; pG J o l a wG
txmeyfomG ;jyD/ OCC-2 udk r0,fawmh
yJ 'OCC1' 0,f,lrIawGudkvJ &yfwefY
ypfvdkufw,f/ olwdkY 'Vixen' udk apmihf
aeMujyDav/ 'gayr,fh pifppfrSm 'g[m
ukrÜPD&JU aps;uGufxGifvHk; wpfckom
jzpfcJhygw,f/ tJ'DtcsdefrSm wjcm; jydKif
bufwpfO;D qDuae 'Kaypro II' udk aps;
trSefu odyfrxifbl;/ aps;uGufawG vdYk ajym&if &r,f/
uvJ trsm;MuD; ajymif;vJoGm;w,f/ tJ'gtpm;
jyD;cJw
h vhJ u rEÅav;oGm;awmh 80 &mckid f used xJ u
EIef; laptop a&mif;&w,f/ wu,fvdkY aumif ; wm
uGeyf sLwmwpfv;kH yJ 0,fr,fq&dk ifawmif av;yJ a&G;
laptop yJ 0,fr,fvdkY jzpfoGm;w,f/ 0,fMu
Emotion aMumifhvnf; jzpfr,f xif w,f/ 'kw, d
w,f/ uRefawmfwkdYu tJ'Davmuf tk y f p k u awmh tv,f
market MuD ; vmr,f v d k Y rxif b l ; / tvwftkyfpk a':vm 700 wefavmuf
rEÅav;rSmqdk&if 80 &mckdifEIef; note- txd oH;k pGEJ ikd wf ,f/ aemufwpfpu k awmh
book a&mif;&w,fvYdk ajymvdYk &ygw,f/ aps;tMuD;qHk;yJ vkdcsifw,fqw dk hJ tkypf k
0,fwJholawGuawmh level trsdK;rsdK;yJ/ ayghaemf/ &efuek u f awmh tv,ftyk pf x k J
&efukefeJY rEÅav;awmif rwlbl;/ rSm yg0ifw,f/ tJ'aD wmh ausmif;om;vJ
&efukefu tMurf;zsif; tkyfpkoHk;ck &Sdw,f/ pD;yGm;a&;orm;vJ &Sdw,f/
&Sdw,f/ tedrfhqHk;uawmh celeron a':vm 500 tkyfpkuawmh Eee PC
tkyfpkaygh/ a':vm 500 atmufaygh/ awG toHk;rsm;Muw,f/
'DavmufyJ wwfEidk fw,f/ jrefrmjynfrmS rEÅav;rSmusawmh tkyfpkwpfpku
xifwm 'Dtyk pf [ k m MuD;r,f xifwm/ tedrfh? usefwpfpku tjrifh/ &efukefrSm
r[kwb f ;l q&m/ 'Dtkyfpku tenf;qHk;yJ aps;tjrift h yk pf u
k 5 &mckid Ef eI ;f avmufyJ
oufoufomomeJY a&mif;csay;aeyg
jyD/ Zilog CPU udk oHk;xm;wmcsif;
twl w l processor yd k j rih f w ,f / 9
vufr CRT armfeDwm tpdrf;a&mif
uav; yg&Sw d ,f/ ydjk yD; 'DZikd ;f qef;w,f/
yd k j yD ; vS w ,f / 'D a wmh osborne &J U
tonf;xJ uRJ0ifcwfovdk jzpfvm&jyD/
tJ'Duaewpfqihf rdkufrJwJh aps;uGuf
xGifvHk;udk oHk;pGJrdcJhwJh 'osborne' [m
tJ'u D aepjyD; uGeyf sLwm pnf;0dik ;f tjyif
bufudk vGihfpOf xGufoGm;&awmhw,f/
olYvdkrsKd;yJ compaq [mvJ xkwf Osborne udk
orQ portable awG tvJtuGJ ½IH;edrfhcJh wDxGifol
zl;w,f/ IBM vnf; xdkenf;wlygyJ/ Adam Osborne
(aemufydkif;rSm IBM uae pjyD; 'MS-
DOS' eJ Y pwif j yD ; run awmh r S o m tqif a jyajyeJ Y tvG , f w ul o,f
laptop awG atmifjrifoGm;cJh&wmyg/) aqmif a&TUajymif;oGm;EdkifwJh uGefysLwm
qdkawmh Osborne &JU tjypfcsnf;yJawmh (Laptop) rsKd ; aph oaE¨ c s ay;cJ h w J h
r[kwyf gbl;/ ajym&&if tcsdeu f u
kd apm osborne &JU ae0ifcsdefudku apmvGef;
vGef;oGm;wmyg/ 'DaeY oHk;pGJolawG oGm;wmyg/
pufwifbmv? 2008 41
 U S E R FOR
&Sdw,f/ rEÅav;rSmuawmh aps;MuD;wm
udk MudKufwJhtkyfpku 25 &mckdifEIef;
avmuf &Sdaew,f/ enf;enf; xl;jcm;
aew,f/ tJ'aD wmh uReaf wmfwYkd rEÅav;
yGJudk Munhf&if; oHk;oyfwmayghaemf/
'gayr,fh olwdkYu ypönf;&SdrS vmcJh/
wpfxidk w f nf; 0,fr,fv h al wG/ a&mhe*g;
a&mhyxåjrm;vkrd sK;d / uReaf wmf xifw,f/
&efukefu tv,ftvwftkyfpku 75
&mckdifEIef;avmuf &Sdw,f/ 'gayr,fh
pdwx f rJ mS awmh odyjf yD; raocsmao;bl;/
'Dawmh tem*wf laptop toHk;eJY
aps;uGuftaetxm;udk vuf&Sd jzpfay;
aerIawGt& bmawGqufjzpfvmEdkif
ovJ pOf;pm;Munfh&atmifyg/ wu,f
vdkY Intel uom laptop CPU awGudk
rsm;rsm; xkwfvmEkdifr,fqdk&if laptop
awG [ m yd k j yD ; aps;usoG m ;Ek d i f r ,f /
42 uGefysLwm*sme,f
wu,fvdkY laptop u OEM market
xJudk a&mufvmcJhr,fqkd&ifawmh lap-
top awG[m desktop xuf aps;us
oGm;ygvdrfhr,f/
tJ'DrSm Laptop u functional-
ity jzpfvmr,f/ yHkpHwpfrsKd; ajymif;vJ
oGm;Edkifr,f/ 'gayr,fh wpfa,muf
a,muf jyKwfoGm;wmrsKd; rjzpfEkdifbl;/
SSD awG xGufvmwJhtwGuf laptop
awG ykdjyD; aumif;vmEkdifw,f/ ayghoGm;
wmudk;/ Laptop &JU t"dujyóemu
tav;csdefyJ/ 2Kg ? rçMunfhvdkuf/ aygh
ayghav;/ 'gayr,fh wu,foGm;Munhf
cPMum&if uk, d t
hf ay:wufp;D vmovdk
rsKd;/ av;w,fAs/ r&bl;/ rjzpfEkdifbl;/
wpfcg ayghayr,fh odyfvJ ao;vdkY r&
bl;/ ao;jyefawmhvJ rjrif&awmhbl;/
SSD u tck aps;enf;enf;MuD;ygao;
w,f / 'gayr,f h vmr,f h E S p f q d k & if
wufvmr,f/ Laptop &JU feature u
yk d j yD ; aumif ; vmr,f / Laptop uk d
uRefawmfjrifwmu desktop qdkwmu
olYukd xyfw;kd p&m? xyfcsUJ p&mu xyfjyD;
aygif;pnf;zdkYu limit a&mufoGm;jyD/
xyfjyD;wk;d &ifvJ toH;k 0ifvmp&m trsm;
MuD; r&Sdawmhbl;/ Laptop uawmh
xyfjyD; wkd;vmp&m? xyfcsJU vmp&m
trsm;MuD ; usef a o;w,f / 'D a wmh
Laptop aps;uGuf t&rf;udk MuD;vmvdrfh
OD;r,f/ tJ'DvdkyJ jrifygw,f/
OD;aomif;wif (KMD)
 U S E R FOR

Laptop uGefysLwmwpfvHk;ESifh &pfywfjcif;

jyD;cJw
h u
hJ mvawGtwGi;f uRefawmfwYkd Eikd if rH mS Ekwb
f w
k u
f eG yf sLwmvdYk yaJ c:ac: laptop uGeyf sLwmvdYk yJ ajymajym a&S;a&S;wke;f uqdk
aygifwifuGefysLwmvdkYawmifac:MuwJh uGefysLwmawG t&rf;acwfpm;vmcJhygw,f/ vlawG bmjzpfvdkY laptop awGukd 'Davmuf
pdwf0ifpm;vmMuygvdrfh/ Laptop &JU tm;enf;csufawGu bmvJ/ tm;omcsufawGu bmvJ/ uRefawmfwdkY ukd,fwkdifa&m
desktop ukd pGeYf y,fypfoifo
h vm;/ Laptop aps;EIe;f awGu b,favmufawmif &Sad eovJ/ Laptop awGukd b,foal wGa&mif;jyD;
b,fvdkvlrsKd;awGu 0,fMuovJ/ tJ'Dvdk ar;cGef;awGrsm;pGmtwGuf uRefawmfwdkY tajz&SmMunfhMuygw,f/

bmaMumifh laptop 0,frSmvJ laptop av;udk uRefawmf 0,fvkduf&if tqifajyoGm;r,fvkdY

yxrqH;k uReaf wmfwYkd pOf;pm; Munfw h m ]bmaMumifh 0,frmS vJ}
qdwk hJ tcsuuf ykd g/ bmaMumifh 0,fcsiw f m vJ/
trsm;oligawGuidk v f Ykduk,
d u f ,
kd f wkid f ukid cf siw
f mvm;/
tvkyt f wGufwu,fvt kd yfvv Ykd m;/ ausmif;oifcef; pmawG
rjzpfrae vky&f awmhrmS vm;/ uReaf wmfwYkda&G;&awmhr,f/
qdkygawmh? uRefawmf[m ½Hk;wpf½Hk;rSm vkyfaew,fqdk&if
laptop 0,fvkdufjcif;tm;jzifh uRefawmfhtvkyfawGudk ydkjyD;
jyD;pD;ovdkjzpfaprSmvm;? 'grSr[kwf uRefawmfhtcsdefawGudk
zJh,lpm;oHk;oGm;rSmvm;? uRefawmfh½Hk;u uRefawmfhudk c&D;oGm;
apzdkY qE´&SdaejyDvm; pojzifh ar;cGef;rsm;pGmudk uRefawmfwdkY
pOf;pm;&ygawmhr,f/ 0,fvkdufwm vG,fayr,fh ]bmaMumifh}
qdkwJh ar;cGef;eJYtwl ]bmtwGuf} ]b,favmuftoHk;wnfhrSm
vJ} qdkwJh pOf;pm;jcif;awGyg ,SOfwGJ ygvmaewwfygw,f/
'gawGtm;vHk;udk trSefwu,fvnf; laptop wpfvHk;
vdt k yfaejyD; wu,fvnf; Eee PC udk oH;k pGaJ ewJh ucsifjynf
e,frS udkwdk;aeOD;uawmh tckvdk ajzay;ygw,f/
]ajym&&ifawmh uGefysLwm ukdifcsifwmaygh/ uGefysLwm
rukid &f &ifwpfrsKd;yJ/ bmrSr[kwb f J [d[k mav;zGi?hf 'D[mav;
zGihf tJ'v D rkd sKd; uGeyf sLwmeJY tjrJxad wGYaecsifwm/ uRefawmfu
ausmif;om; wpfa,mufyg/ 'gayr,fh ausmif;oifcef;pmawG
vkyzf Ykd twGuaf wmh r[kwyf gbl;/ 'gayr,fh uRefawmfu xkid ;f
wdkY? rav;&Sm;wdkY rMumcP c&D;xGufae&wmqdkawmh 'D
xifw,f/ aemufjyD; tJ'Dvdk laptop av; &SdwJhtwGuf uRef
awmfvkyfwJh 'DZkdif;av;awG? bmav;awGudk uRefawmftm;csdef
awGrSm 'grSr[kwf um;ay:rSm? av,mOfysHay:rSm tysif;ajy
jzpfjzpf? avhusifhcsifvdkYyJjzpfjzpf vkyfaevdkY&wmayghAsm/
Laptop uawmh rvGwv f yfb;l aygh/ csKyfwnf;xm;ovdk cHpm;
&w,f/}
BenQ laptop uGey f sLwmawGudk w&m;0if ud,k pf m;vS,f
&,lxm;wJh Client Focus u udkatmifausmfrdk;u Ekwfbkwf
uGefysLwmawG vltrsm; 0,fokH;vm&wmeJYywfoufjyD;awmh
]]Laptop awGrSmu clone qdkwm r&Sdbl;As/ aemufwpfcku
t&ifwek ;f u laptop eJY PC eJYu ESpq f wpfqavmuf aps;EIe;f
&Sdw,f/ tck aps;u usvmawmh vlawGu pOf;pm;vmwmu
PC 0,frvm;? laptop 0,frvm; qdkjyD; jzpfvmMuwm/ tck
laptop aps;u PC xuf 0.5 qavmufyJ ydkawmhw,fAs/
aemufjyD; laptop awGu jidrfw,f/ OS uvnf; jidrfw,f/
vkid pf ifaqmhz0f aJ wGvnf;ygvmawmh vlawGu 0,fvmMuw,f
aygh}}[k &Sif;jyygw,f/
b,f o l a wG o H k ; M u vJ
uRefawmfwdkY uGefysLwmorm;awG[m? txl;ojzifh
vli,fawG[m aqmhz0f aJ wG wpfcck &k vm&if install vkyv
f u
dk ?f
prf;vkduf? jyefzsufvkdufeJYyJ tvkyf½Iyfaewwfwmqdkawmh
desktop rSmuawmh b,fvdkrS jyefwyfvdkY r&wJhtcg format

44 uGefysLwm*sme,f
 U S E R FOR

½dkufjyD; Windows jyefwif½HkyJ &Sdw,f/ bmrSjyóem odyfr&Sd olwdkY powerpoint eJY ausmif;rSm pmoif&wmrsKd;&Sdw,f/
vSbl;/ Laptop rSmuawmh CD ROM rygwJhjyóem? olwdkYawGtwGuf qdk&ifvnf; rjzpfrae oHk;Muw,f/ aemuf
wpfcgwav CD drive udk rodwJh jyóemrsKd;av;awGawmh jyD;awmh uGefysLwmausmif;om;awG? olwdkYuawmh r&Sdrjzpf
&Sdaewwfygw,f/ aygh/ ½dk;½dk; IDCS wufaewJh ausmif;om;awGuvnf; oH;k Mu
t"dutcsut f aeeJY taumif;qH;k uawmh uk, d u
f w,f/ aemufjyD; tjyifpD;yGm;a&; vkyfief;orm;awGuvnf;
ajcaxmufrmS aAG ygxm;ovdrk sK;d c&D;rMumcP oGm;ae& tckaemufykdif; laptop toHk;rsm;vmMuw,f/ t"duu
laptop oHk;&if ae&m space oufomw,f/ Power con-
w,fq&kd ifawmh laptop [m uk, d hf twGuf
sumption oufomw,f/ jyD;awmh portable jzpfw,f/
tqifajyEkid yf gw,f/ oGm;av&mrSm udk,feJYwpfygwnf; o,foGm;vdkY&w,f/ tJ'g
ukd,fu c&D;oGm;vmrIvnf; enf;yg;w,f/ bmudkrS awG &SdwJhtwGuf oHk;vmMuw,f/}}
vnf; o,fraecsifbJ ½Hk;rSm ½Hk;tvkyfvkyfjyD; tdrfrSm tdrf
tvkyfvkyfcsifwJh vlawGtwGufawmh desktop u ydkjyD;oifh
awmfw,fvdkY tMurf;zsif;ajymvdkY &Ekdifygw,f/ 'gudkMunfhjyD; desktop ae&mrSmtpm;xdk;EdkifjyDvm;
laptop oHk;pGJMuwm b,folawGvJqdkwJh ar;cGef; jzpfvmyg
vuf&Sdaps;uGufrSm a&mif;tm;csif; ,SOfr,fqdk&if
w,f/
t&ifu desktop 10 vHk;rSm laptop wpfvHk;&Sdw,f/ tck
rsm;aomtm;jzifhawmh EkwfbkwfuGefysLwmudk ausmif;
awmh 3 :1 txd jzpfvmMuw,f/ 0,fr,fvdkY pOf;pm;r,f
om;vli,fawG txl;ojzifh EkdifiHjcm;rSm ynmoGm;oif,lr,fh
qdk&ifvnf; laptop udkyJ pOf;pm;vmMuw,f/
vli,fawG laptop udk rjzpfrae oH;k pGv J mMuygw,f/ 'ghtjyif
trS e f y gyJ / Laptop ud k aps;EI e f ; t& pOf ; pm;r,f
½H;k 0efxrf;orm;awGtwGuv f nf; tvGef toH;k wnfjh yD; uk, d hf
qdk&ifyJjzpfap? tm;omcsufawG trsm;tjym; &Sdaeygw,f/
½Hk;rSm vkyfvdkYrjyD;ao;wJh project awG tdro f ,fjyD; tvkyv f yk f
Core 2 wpfvHk;eJY desktop udk performance aumif;aumif;
vdkY &Ekdifovdk ukd,fh&JU presentation awGudk txufvlMuD;
qifr,fq&kd if tckcsed rf mS 7 ode;f ywf0ef;usif &Sad yr,fh laptop
awGqDudk wifjywJhtcgrSmvnf; tqifajyEkdifygw,f/
rSmuawmh core 2 wpfvHk;qdk&if 9 odef; 0ef;usifeJYudk
Presentation awGeJY ywfoufvm&ifawmh laptop [m
taumif;pm;tqifh oHk;pGJEkdifaejyD jzpfygw,f/
desktop udk t"du ausmfvGefoGm;apwJh tcsufwpfckyJ jzpf
wpfzufjcrf;rSm laptop [m zGHYjzdK;rI? wdk;wufrI jrefqef
ygw,f/
vmwJhtcsdefrSm desktop [m &yfwefYaeouJhodkY jzpfvmyg
ukd,fh½Hk;rSm project wpfc&k v dS Ykd t&m&Std qifh vlMuD;awGeYJ
w,f/ Laptop rSm a&G;cs,fp&mawG rsm;jym;vmoavmuf
tpnf;ta0;oabmrsKd;&SdwJhtcg t&ifuqdk desktop PC
desktop [m tyf a Mumif ; xyf a ecJ h j yD / Laptop [m
awG cif;usif;&w,f/ jyD;&if projector eJY wGJzuf&r,f/
vQyfppfrD;ysufrSm? yg0gpm;oGm;rSm? tifwmeuf csdwfquf
cif;&? usif;&eJY tawmf½IyfaxG;jyD; tcsdefukefapygw,f/ tck
vdkYr&rSm pwmawGudk ylyifp&mrvdkoavmuf qefYusifbuf
ae cgrSmawmh laptop wpfvHk;? projector wpfvHk;&Sd&ifukd
desktop uawmh t&mtm;vHk;udk pdwfylae&ygw,f/ tJ'D
project wpfckudk wpf½Hk;vHk;odatmifudk ajymjyEkdifjyD jzpfyg
awmh uRefawmfwdkY&JU ½Hk;rSm desktop ae&m laptop awGudk
w,f/
tpm;xdk;rSmvm;/ Desktop awGudk jzKwfwefjzKwf? odrf;
Ekwb f wk u f eG yf sLwm oH;k pGo
J l trsdK;rsdK;eJYywfoufjyD;awmh
wefodrf;eJY uRefawmfh PC udk wmwmhvkyf EIwfqufvkduf&
'Unique Computer' u tkyfcsKyfrI 'g½dkufwmwpfOD; jzpfwJh
awmhrSmvm;/ wjcm;½Hk;awGrSma&m laptop awG ajymif;vJ
udkausmfpef;OD;u tckvdk ajymjyygw,f/
oHk;pGJawmhrSmvm; pwJh tawG;awG pD&&D ay:aygufvmygawmh
]]Laptop oHk;wJh user trsm;pku touft&G,f tydkif;
w,f/ tJ't D cgrSm laptop [m trSew f u,fukd pGr;f &nfjynf0h
tjcm;t& touf 20 eJY 35 Mum; rsm;w,f/ vli,fvl&G,f
wJh taetxm; a&mufjyDqdk&ifawmh desktop awG&JU ae0if
ykid ;f aygh/ rsm;aomtm;jzifh vli,ftif*sief , D mawG jzpfygw,f/
csdefa&mufjyDvdkY ajym&awmhrSmaygh/ Laptop awG[m uRef
tvkyfcGif0ifr,fh? tvkyfcGif0ifaewJh tif*sifeD,mvli,fawG
awmfwdkY desktop aumif;aumif;wpfvHk;ay:rSm pdwfxifwkdif;
olwdkYu AutoCAD oHk;r,f/ yHkawG qGJr,f/ jyD;awmh laptop
MuJovdkrsKd; y½dk*&rfrsKd;pHk zGifhxm;jyD; tvkyfrsKd;pHkudk enf;enf;
eJY o,foGm;r,f/ jyD;awmh q&m0efawG/ q&m0efawGqdk&if

46 uGefysLwm*sme,f
csi;f vkyaf qmifEidk w f hJ taetxm;a&mufjyDvm;/ trSew f u,fyJ
]]laptop [m desktop udk tpm;xdk;EkdifjyDvm;}} qdkwmeJY
ywfoufjyD; Neo Tech uGefysLwmu a':ZGefyef;jzLuawmh
tckvdk &Sif;jyygw,f/
]]½Hk;awGxJrSm ajymif;jyD;oHk;vmr,f qdkwmawmh rjzpfEkdif
ao;bl;/ uRefrwdkYqDrSmvnf; ay;rxm;bl;/ ½dk;½dk; desktop
yJ xm;ay;xm;ao;w,f/ olu b,fvdkajym&rvJ/ vdktyf
csufuav;awG enf;enf;&Sdao;w,fayghaemf/ [dk desktop
rSmuvnf; ra&TUajymif;EkdifwJh tm;enf;csuf &Sdovdkaygh/ 'D
laptop awGrSmvnf; tm;enf;csufuav;awG ukd,fpD &Sdao;
wmaygh/}}
Laptop rSmu ta&;MuD;qHk;jyóemjzpfwJh pufwpfvHk;
wnf;uae upgrade vkyfjyD; tMudrfMudrf oHk;pGJvdkY r&wm[m
laptop awGYMuHKawGY&wJjh yóemyg/ Oyrm - desktop wpfv;kH
[m pwif0,f,cl w hJ ek ;f uom performance aumif;aumif;eJY
tjrifhqHk; trsKd;tpm;udk a&G;0,fxm;vkduf&if aemufykdif;rSm
ay:vmorQ CS3 vm;? CS4 vm; pwmawGudk 'Dpufuae
yHrk eS f upgrade vkyo f mG ;vdYk &Ekid yf gw,f/ [mh'0f yJ pön;f topf
xyfxnfhcsif&ifvnf; aygif;xnfhvkdY&ygw,f/ Laptop us
awmh 'Dvdk r&jyefbl;/ jzKwfjyD;wJhtcgrSm trsKd;tpm; wlrSudk
jyefvJvS,fvdkY &Ekdifygr,f/ trsKd;tpm; twlwlcsif;awmifrS
rlvDacgif; t0kdif;vm;? tjym;vm; pojzifh a&G;cs,f&ygw,f/
ypönf;csif;rwlwJhtcg laptop tdrfxJudk tH0ifcGifusrjzpfbl;/
tJ't D cgrSm tvkyf rvkyyf gbl;/ aemufwpfaMumif;u laptop
[m memory eJY hard drive avmufudkyJ topfvJvS,fjzKwf
&if; upgrade vkyfvdkY &Ekdifygw,f/ wjcm; device awGudk
bmwpfckrS upgrade vkyfvkdY r&Ekdifygbl;/
aemufwpfaMumif;u desktop awGukd jyifco hJ vdk uk,
d ef YJ
tqifajy tvGrf;oifhwJh qdkifudkyJ ,loGm;jyD; jyifzdkY rjzpfEkdif
bl;/ bmaMumifhvJqdkawmh desktop rSmu ukd,fu KMD
uae 0,fxm;cJhwmawmif jrdKUxJ rxGufcsifwmeJY ukd,fhtdrf
tem;u service wpfcrk mS jyifvu dk v
f Ykd &w,f/ wpfaMumif;u
txJrSmyg0ifwJh ypönf; trmxnfawGu ukd,feJYrpdrf;bl;/
wcsKdU qDaysmuf? rD;aysmufawGqdk&if ukd,fawmifrS vkyfEkdifwJh
tajctaersKd; &Sdw,f/ Laptop rSmusawmh 'DvdkrsKd; rwifh
w,faybl;/ ukd,f0,fvmcJhwJh qkdifrSmyJ jyifwm ydkjyD; aumif;
ygw,f/
Warranty
jrefrmEdkifiHtwGuf w&m;0ifudk,fpm;vS,f&,lxm;wJh
ukrÜPD tm;vHk;vdkvdku olwdkY&JYxkwfukefawGeJY ywfoufjyD;
tmrcHoufwrf;umvudk tav;teufxm;jyD; aqmif&u G v f m
Muwm[m laptop twGufvnf; tifrwefaumif;rGefwJh
tvm;tvmwpf c k jzpf y gw,f / ud k a tmif [ m Smart
Computing ukrÜPDrSm Ouú| wm0ef,lxm;ol wpfa,muf
jzpfygw,f/ Smart Computing [m MSI brand awGudk
jrefrmEkdifiHom; uGefysLwmorm;rsm; oHk;pGJEkdifapzdkY rdwfquf
ay;cJw h hJ tzGYJ tpnf;jzpfjyD; tckq&kd if jrefrmuGeyf sLwmavmu
rSm motherboard MSI qdk&if rodolr&Sdatmif emrnfausmf
Mum;ygw,f/ (ckaemufydkif;rSmqdk&if emrnfMuD; Ekwfbkwf
brand wpfckjzpfwJh Acer udkyg jrefrmEdkifiHtwGuf wm0ef,l
jzefYcsdawmhrSm jzpfygw,f/)
MSI uawmh olY&YJ Ekwb f w
k af wGtwGuf tmrcHay;wmeJY
ywfoufjyD; tckvdk&Sif;jyygw,f/
]]uRefawmfwYkd MSI u tmrcHoufwrf;udk wpfEpS af y;yg
w,f/ ay;wJhtmrcHu international tmrcH jzpfygw,f/
tck cifAsm; 'Duae laptop wpfvHk;udk 0,foGm;jyD; pifumyl
a&mufomG ;w,fq&kd if tJ'0D &efweD YJ pifumyl MSI ½H;k rSmjyefjyD;
jyoEdkifygw,f/}}
MSI vdkyJ wjcm;aom EkwfbkwfuGefysLwm brand awG
uvnf; olwdkY&JY tmrcHtqifhtwef;awGu EdkifiHwum
tmrcHawGjzpfw,fvdkY od&ygw,f/ wpfurÇmvHk; b,fae&m
u0,f0,f service centre &SdwJhae&mwdkif;rSm 0ifa&mufjyo
Edkifw,f qdkygw,f/ wpfckawmh&Sdygw,f 0&efwDqdkwkdif;vJ
aoaocsmcsm avhvmoifhwmawG &Sdaeao;w,fqdkwmygyJ/
Oyrm EkwfbkwfwpfvHk;udk pifumylu 0,fvmw,fyJxm;yg
awmh jrefrmEdkifiHrSm wpfckckjzpfvdkY qdkif&m service centre
rSm jyvdkY&ovm;ar;&if online registration vkyfxm;&if &
ygw,fvdkY qdkw,f/
aemufxyfjyóemwpfcku EkwfbkwfuGefysLwm brand
wdik ;f vdv k rkd mS tmrcHawmhay;yg&JU &ufyikd ;f avmufyJ ay;wJph epf
&Sdw,fqdkwm uRefawmfwdkYawG odxm;oifhw,fqdkwmygyJ/
wcsdKY product awGrSm 19 &uf tmrcHeJY a&mif;wmrsdK; &Sd
wwfygw,f/ olu wpfESpf 0&efwDeJY ypönf;csif;wlayr,fh
aps;EIe;f rwlb;l /]] Oyrm wpfEpS f 0&efweD YJ 9 ode;f usr,fq&kd if
19 &uf 0&efwDusawmh 8 odef;avmufyJ ay;&awmhw,f/
tJ'grsdK;ukd 0,fvmrd&ifawmh wpfurÇmvHk; b,fvdk service
centre ukdyJ oGm;ygap 0&efwD r&Edkifygbl;/]] vdkY a':arjzL
oG,fu &Sif;jyygw,f/
wpfcg 0&efwDudk oufwrf;wdk;vdkY&wm &Sdygao;w,f/
oufwrf;t&Siv f Ykd ajym&r,fxifygw,f/ omreftm;jzifh Ekwf
bkwu f eG yf sLwmawG&YJ tmrcHumvudk wpfEpS yf J ay;Muwm rsm;
pufwifbmv? 2008 47
 U S E R FOR
ygw,f/ wpfEpS x f uf ydv
k ckd si&f ifawmh tmrcHumv oufwrf;
rukefcifrSm ESpfpOfaMu;ay;jyD; wpfESpfuae okH;ESpftxd ouf
wrf;wdk;vdkY &w,fqdkwmygyJ/ 'grsdK;ukd apmapmydkif;umv
awGwek ;f uawmh Apple uGefysLwmu pvkyfcJhjyD; ckaemufydkif;
rSmawmh Ekwfbkwf brand wdkif;vdkvdku 0efaqmifrIay;aejyD
vdkYqdkygw,f/ 'DtmrcHtpDtpOfawGudk jrefrmEdkifiHrSm&SdwJh
notebook brand wdkif;rSm &Edkifw,fvdkY od&ygw,f/
Services
'Dae&mrSm pOf;pm;p&mwpfck &Sv d m wmu laptop awGu
cPcPysufwwfvYkd0&efwu D kdaZmif;ay;Muwm vm;/ b,fvkd
tDvufx&Ge;f epfypön;f rsK;d rqdk 0,f,cl gptopfrmS t&rf;udk
aumif;jy;D vufprG ;f jyavh&ydS gw,f/
topfudk0,f,lwJhtcg service oGm;&rI odyfr&SdEdkifbl;
vm;/ Used ua&m b,fvdkvJ/ uRefawmfwdkYqDrSm b,fol
awGu service ay;ovJ/ [dk;t&ifwkef;u computer
doctor wdkYvdk laptop oD;oefY jyifqifwv hJ al wG &Sv d mjyDvm;/
Laptop awGrSm tjzpfrsm;wJh jyóemuawmh buf
x&Duae pwmygyJ/ LCD rvmawmhwJhtcgrSm jzpfEkdifwJh
fault u txJrSm csKyfuav; uRrf;aewmrsKd; jzpfEkdifygw,f/
MuD;MuD;rm;rm; jyóemrawGY&atmif ukrÜPDwdkif;vdkvdk[m
a&? aumfzDawGeJY prf;oyfwmrsKd;? zdtm;eJYprf;oyfwmrsKd;? zkef
rIefYeJY pdkxkdif;q? a&cdk;a&aiGY 0ifa&mufwmawGudk umuG,fEkdif
&JUvm; prf;oyfwmrsKd; pojzifh MudK;pm;tm;xkwfvmMu
ygw,f/ wpfcak wmh&w dS maygh/ ypön;f u a&pdck w H ,fqjkd yD; rd;k &Gm
xJomG ;&yfaer,f qd&k ifawmh <uoGm;rSmaygh/ ajym&&if twkid ;f
twmuav;wpfck txdawmh a&pdck w H ,fvYkd ajymjycsiw f myg/
tJ'Dawmh t&if desktop awG ay:OD;peJYrwl uGJjym;wJh
tajctaewpfcku laptop rSm &Sdaeygw,f/ Service udk
power supply ykdif;rSmyJjzpfjzpf tck aemufykdif;rSm EkdifEkdifeif;
eif; jzpfvmMuygjyD/
Laptop rSmu jzKwf&wyf&wm cufcJvGef;ygw,f/
RAM eJYCD-ROM avmufyJ vG,fulygw,f/ aemufjyD;
CPU, Motherboard awGukd service orm;awG vufa&SmifMu
w,f/ 'gawGu factory udk wku d ½f u
kd jf yefyYkd jyD; topf vJv,
rSom 100 % pdwfcs&r,fh ypönf;awGr[kwfvm;/ 'Dawmh
jyefydkYcsdef ypönf; vufcHtm;wJhtcsdef? apmifhqkdif;&wJhtcsdef
tenf;i,fMumjrifw h wfygw,f/ (wcsKUd ukrP Ü MD uD;awGuawmh
[dkbufu vJay;vdkufyg/ twnfjyKcsuf&jyD qdkwmeJY csuf
48 uGefysLwm*sme,f
csif;vJay;wwfygw,f/) wGufMunfhr,fqkd&if tcsdef &uf
owåywf ESpfywf0ef;usifrSm &Sdygw,f/ 'Davmuf tcsdefqdk&if
desktop orm;qdk&if atmfnnf;aejyD/ Service udkvnf;
cPcPvmjyD; uMuDuaMumifawG ajymaejyD/
tck laptop orm;awGusawmh tJ'Dvdk r[kwfbl;/ EkdifiH
wumrSm tqifh&Sd&Sd 0,f,loHk;pGJxm;w,fqdkwJh todaMumifhyJ
vm;rod/ tJ'DMumjrifhcsdefudk bmrS taxGtxl;rajymbJ cHEkdif
Muw,f/ Serial number awGeYJ uGeyf sLwm pm&if;Z,m;awGrmS
jyefppfaq;&wJh tcsdeu f mvudk onf;cHEidk pf rG ;f &Sw
d m tHMh op&m
ygyJ/ jrefrmEdkifiHrSm w&m;0ifukd,fpm;vS,fcefYxm;wJh brand
wdkif;rSm Service yg wpfygwnf; wGJygvmMujyD;jzpfvdkY Ekwf
bkwfqm;ApftwGuf odyfpdwfqif;&Jp&m rvdkbl;vdkY jrifyg
w,f/
ajymif;vJvmwJh pwdkif
q&mOD;aomif;wifuawmh ]vlawG&JU life style u enf;
enf;av;ajymif;vJ vmw,fAs} vdkY ajymcJhzl;w,f/ 'Dae&mrSm
uRef a wmf e nf ; enf ; xyf j yD ; jznf h p G u f c sif w mu laptop
oH;k pGw
J v hJ al wG[m ydjk yD; ,Ofaus;vmMuw,fvYkd ajymMunfch sif
ygw,f/ ydkjyD; wnfjidrfvmw,f/ Laptop uav;udk a&SU
xm;jyD; at;at;csrf;csrf;eJY ud, k uhf rÇmav;xJrmS yJ odro f rd af rGY
arGY epfarsmaeMuwmrsm;w,f/
Desktop awG oH;k pGx J m;wJh cyber cafe wpfc[ k m tedrhf
qH;k tqifh (vlawGpum;rajymbJ jidrjf idro f ufouf&rdS ,fq&kd if
awmifrS) keyboard oH wajcmufajcmufawmh Mum;&rSmyJ
r[kwfvm;/ 'DxufydkjyD;qdk;wmu LAN game upm;wJh
vli,fawG&JU [dk;a[; atmfoH[pfoH? igeJYukdifwkwfjyD; qJqdk
oHawGudk game qkdifawGrSm Mum;avhMum;x &Sd&ygw,f/
Cyber cafe awGrSm oHk;pGJ&ifvnf; ydkjyD; ,Ofaus;vmw,f/
'gudk Net Star cyber cafe uae oufaojycJhygw,f/ Net
Star [m jrefrmEkdifiH&JU qdkifbmuzD;avmurSm laptop awGeJY
zGifhxm;wJhqkdifbmuzD; jzpfygw,f/
]]User qdkwmuawmh pdwfxif&m oHk;wmaygh/ uD;bkwf
utp ajAmif;ajAmif;ajAmif;eJY ½du k w f maygh/ 'gaMumifh yxrrSm
olwdkYoHk;&vG,fulatmifudk laptop a&m? desktop keyboard
S f a&m xm;ay;xm;ygw,f/ pzGifhuwnf;u risk enf;enf;
,lxm;ygw,f/ tck qkid u f awmh uRerf wdYk Dell awGeYJyJ zGiwhf m
aygh/ tJ'DrSm pOf;pm;wm/ ay;oHk;Munfhvkduf&if customer
taeeJY wjznf;jznf;eJY olwdkYbmom jyKjyifvmMur,fvdkY
rSe;f qcJyh gw,f/ rSe;f qxm;wJh twkid ;f ygyJ/ b,fvakd jymrvJ?
 U S E R FOR
olY[meJY olayghaemf/ ajymif;vJvmMuwmawGY&ygw,f/
tJ'DvdkrsKd;vnf; jzpfvmapcsifvdkYayghaemf/ Level wpfckudk
zGifhay;vkdufwJh oabmaygh/}}
ta&;MuD;wJh vHkjcHKa&;pepf
Laptop wpfckrSm ta&;ygwmwpfcku vHkjcHKa&;vdkYyJ
qdkcsifygw,f/ 'Laptop' vdkY nTefjyvkdufjyDqdkwmeJY ukd,fykdif?
private qdkwm a0g[m&av;uvnf; aemufuae ,SOfwGJ
ygvmygawmhw,f/ uRefawmfwdkY wkdif;jynfrSmawmh laptop
udk tcdk;cH&wmrsKd;upvdkY laptop password awG cdk;oGm;wm
rsKd;awGudk MuHKawGYvm&wm tvGef enf;yg;ygao;w,f/ r&Sd
oavmufyJ qdkMuygpdkY&JU/ 'gayr,fh 'gawG[m wpfcsdefrSm
jzpfvmEkdifygw,f/ [ef;zkef;? q,fvlvmzkef;awG ay:
aygufvmcJhwm 10 ESpfavmuf MumjrifhcJhjyD;csdefrSm [ef;zkef;
coding yGm;wmawG? qJvz f ek ;f udk olrsm;eHygwfeYJ cd;k oH;k wmawG
jzpfpjyKvmMujyD r[kwfvm;/
'gaMumifh laptop 0,fjyDqdkwmeJY security qdkwmudkvJ
xnfhpOf;pm;zdkYvdkr,fxifw,f/ uRefawmfu uRefawmfh*sm
e,frmS t,f'w D m wpfa,muf? uRefawmf vkyrf ,ft h vkyaf wG?
a&;r,fh article awG? topic awGudk wjcm;jydKifbufawG od
oGm;jyD; 0kdif;a&;MuwJhtcg uRefawmf bma&;&? b,fvdk &yf
wnf&awmhrvJ/ 'guvnf; wpfaMumif;/ 'Dawmh jrwfAk'¨
tavmif;awmf ra[mfo"m&JU ]vQKdU0Suftyfaomt&mudk rdrd
wpfOD;wnf;rSaeí tjcm;rnfolrS rodapvifh} qdkwJh >rufrSm
Mum; pum;vdkygyJ/ vlwkdif;rSm udk,fpDukd,fpD vQKdU0Sufcsuf
uav;awG[m uGeyf sLwmorm;wkid ;f &JU PC awGrmS &Sw d wfMu
w,fr[kwfvm;/
Laptop wdkif;rSm vHkjcHKa&;pepf ygjyD; jzpfygw,f/
'gayr,fh aemufq;kH pdw0f ifpm;zdYk aumif;wmuToshiba brand
rSmyg0ifvmwJh Smart Face enf;ynmyJ jzpfygw,f/ 'gudk
Toshiba jrefrmEdkifiHudk,fpm;vS,f Lucky Bird Co., u
a':arjzLoG,fu tckvdk &Sif;jycJhygw,f/
]uRefrwdkY Toshiba brand &JY Smart face technology
qdw k hJ enf;ynmtopfwpfc&k w dS ,f/ Data rSeof rQ[m laptop
xJrmS yJ&wdS ,f/ 'Dawmh laptop wpfv;kH &JU security u t&rf;udk
ta&;MuD;vmygw,f/ a':vm 1000 avmuf aiGaMu;udk
*½krxm;OD;qdkwmawmifrS ukd,fh&JU tcsuftvuf y½dk*&rfzkdif
awGudk ta&;xm;zdYkvykd gw,f/ t&ifwek ;f uawmh finger print
eJYyJ security udk xdef;w,f/ tck Toshiba uae 'Smart
face' udk topfwDxGifcJhw,f/ Face eJYrS zGifhcsifwmvm;/
50 uGefysLwm*sme,f
Face a&m? password a&m ½dkufrS yGifhcsifwmvm;/ 'grSr[kwf
password wpfrsKd;wnf; ½dkuf½HkeJY yGifhrvm;/ tJ'Dvdk vkyfxm;
vdkY &ygw,f/ yxrqHk; ukd,fhrsufESmudk pufurSwfrdatmif
vkyfw,f/ 'DrsufESmeJYrSyJ 'Dpufu yGifhr,f/ >cif;csufwpfck
&Sw
d mu 'DrsuEf mS ykid &f iS u
f wpfcck k 'Pf&m'Pfcsuaf Mumifh rsuf
ESmrSm wpfcck k tpif;aMumif;wdYk? rD;avmif'Pf&mwdYkvkd xifomG ;
cJh&ifawmh pufudk rSwfÓPfjyefEdI;wJhae&mrSm enf;enf;av;
Mumr,f/}}
tm;vHk;ukd jcHKiHkMunfhwJhtcg
aqmif;yg;ukd jcHKMunf&h atmifyg/ bmyJajymajym laptop
awG[m (1) vQyfppfrD;r&SdbJeJY tvkyfvkyfEkdifygw,f/ buf
x&D&UJ trsKd;tpm;tay:udk rlwnfjyD; 3 em&Duae 8 em&Dtxd
tvkyfvkyfEkdifpGrf;&Sdw,f/ 'g[m e,fu uGefysLwmorm;awG
twGuf taumif;qHk; tajctaewpfck jzpfvmygw,f/ (2)
wpfywf&pf laptop awG aygvmw,f/ 'Used' awGudk 2 odef;
0ef;usifavmufom &Ekid w f hJ tcGit hf a&;[m wpfcgrS rMum;zl;
wJh aps;EIef;rsKd;yg/ (3) tpdk;& ½Hk;XmeawGrSmyg laptop awGudk
oHk;pGJvmMuw,f/ tdrfeJY½Hk;udk laptop o,faqmifoGm;vdkY
&EkdifwJhtwGuf tvkyf ydkjyD; jrefjrefqefqef jyD;ajrmufvmyg
w,f/ (4) Laptop awG&JU pGrf;aqmif&nf[mdesktop awG
twkdif; pGrf;aqmifvmEkdifygw,f/ ,ck wGufMunfhr,fqdk&if
'DaeYacwftaumif;qHk; Notebook wpfvHk;[m desktop
wpfvHk;udk aumif;aumif; ,SOfjydKifEkdifpGrf; &Sdvmygw,f/ (5)
tvG,fwul o,f,loGm;Ekdifygw,f/ 'g[mdesktop rSm
r&SdEkdifwJh taetxm;rsKd;wpfck jzpfygw,f/ (6) tifwmeuf
toHk;jyKrI vG,fulw,f/ Wireless point &SdwJh ae&mwpfckrSm
xkid jf yD; tifwmeuf oH;k pGEJ idk wf thJ wGuf aemifq&dk if wuúov kd f
ausmif;om;awGrSmyg laptop awG ukd,fpD jzpfvmEkdifygw,f/
(7) aps;EIef;avsmhusvmygw,f/ topfqHk;eJY aemufqHk;xkwf
laptop wpfvHk;[m 6 odef; ywf0ef;usifavmufeJY 95 &mckdif
EIe;f jynf0h wJh pGr;f &nfukd &Ekid wf t hJ wGuf desktop udk rrufarm
Muawmhyg/
þaqmif;yg;jzpfajrmufa&;twGuf ulnDyHhydk;ay;Muaom
OD;aomif;wif (MD) KMD Co.,? udkatmifausmfrdk; Client
Focus Technology Co.,? a':arjzLoG,fLucky Bird Co.,?
udak usmfpef;OD; Unique Computer ? a':ZGeyf ef;jzL Neo Tech
Computer ? udkatmif Smart Computing? udkwdk;aeOD;
(wdk;uGefysLwm) Eee PC user a&Tul-ucsifjynfe,f .net
star cyber cafe wdkYtm; aus;Zl;wif&SdygaMumif;/)
 S T Y L E

xl;jcm;qef;Mu,faom Laptop tvSqif ypön;f rsm;

http://www. shalgo.com

Shalgo [m laptop awGay:rSm oD;oefY
tvSqifay;aewJh ukrÜPDwpfck jzpfjyD;
tvSqifypönf;av;awGudk 'mazaikit'
vdkY trnfay;xm;ygw,f/ a&csKd;cef;
awGxJrSm qifwJh tvSqif a<ujym;
tkwfuGufawGvdk tjymEka&mif? vdar®mf
a&mif pojzihf oHk;pGJol&JU tjriftm½Hkudk
vef;qef;apygw,f/
tEkynm&Sif? wDxGifzefwD;&SifeJY um
wGef; ½kyfjyorm; wcsKdU tzHk;ay:rSm
tvSqifxm;MuwJh 'DZdkif;av;awGudk
vnf ; aps;uG u f r S m &Ed k i f y gw,f /
tao;pdwfeJY trsm;tjym; 0ifMunfhcsif
&ifawmh http://www.gelaskins.com
rSm &Sdygw,f/
HP uvnf; 'D laptop tvSqifwJh
ppfyGJudk taumif;qHk; pD;&D;eJY 0ifa&muf
vmygw,f/ a':vm 850 om usoihf
wJh 'D notebook [m xl;jcm;wJh 'DZdkif;
awG qef;opf½HkwifrubJ laptop wpf
vHk;rSm &SdoihfwJh t&nftaoG; tjynfh
tpHk &Sdaeygw,f/

wcsKdUudk v,fomom;a&eJY vkyfxm;
w,f/ wcsKdUudkawmh vlawG 0wfqifwJh
csnfxnfvdkrsKd;awGeJY &ufvkyfxm;
w,f/ pdwful;pdwfoef;av;awG qef;
Mu,fwt hJ wGuf 0,fcsipf &mjzpfygw,f/
vSyrIawG&UJ taMumif;udk pmpDr,fq&kd if
Apple udk csefxm;&pfvdkY oihfawmfygh
rvm;/ taMumif;aMumif;aMumifh Win-
dows oHk;ae&ayr,fh tcspfOD; Apple
orm;awGtwGuf &aohpdwfajzav;yg/
'D laptop awGuawmh xl;jcm;qef;Mu,f
wJh yHk&dyfeJY 'DZdkif;awG? tHhMop&m? aysmf&Tif
zG,f&m? aMumufvefYzG,f&m&oawG
aygif;pkvdkY *sKdumawG&JUyHk&dyf? tvHeJY
twGefYtacgufrsKd;pHk yg0ifygw,f/

ol&JwapäawG&JU cspfp&m
Pinguins tdwfuvnf; Zmwfaumif i,fav;awG
wpfrsKd; xl;jcm;ygw,f/ yg0ifwwfwJh yHkpHrsKd;av/
tdwfvdkY yDyDjyifjyif r&SdbJ http:/www.design.milk.com/
tdwfwpftdwfudk aumfuyf hard-drive/
jyD; ydwf&ovdkrsKd; &Sdygw,f/

52 uGefysLwm*sme,f
ASUS uawmh yd k r d k j yD ; xl ; jcm;
qef;Mu,fwhJ &oudk ay;csifwhJ qE´awG
jyif;jyaeyHk&ygw,f/ oHrPdudk,fxnf
awGeJY frame udk rwnfaqmufbJ
opfom;udk,fxnfawGeJY wnfaqmuf
xm;cJhygw,f/
Schtickers uvnf; rdkemvDZm tjyHK;?
a&EGm;&JU boting parts ? Aif*dk;&JU starry
night wdkYvdkrsKd; emrnfausmf fine art
awGeJY enf;ynmeJY tEkynm aygif;pyfrI
awG jyKvkyfxm;ygw,f/
http://www.schtickers.com
Laptop &JU tzHk;rSm pdefpDwm? ausmuf
pDwm? a&;jcpfjc,freI ;f wmawGuv kd J vkyf
aqmifEikd yf gw,f/ erlemtaeeJY ausmuf
wHk; ausmufyGihfuav;eJY laptop udk
tvSqifxm;wJh yHkudk awGUEdkifygw,f/
http://geeksugar.com

qGJaqmiftm;aumif;wJh laptop xnfh
tdwfawG tvG,fwuleJY prwfusus?
pwdkifrdrd o,f,loGm;vdkolawGtwGuf
awmh http://www.acmemade. com rSm
pHkprf;Edkifygw,f/
1960 jynfhESpfrSm laptop tdwfawG
acwfpm;zdYk aeaeomom laptop awmif
rS rarG;zGm;ao;ygbl;/ 'gayr,fh tJ'D
acwfu acwfpm;cJhwJh E2 (esquare)
pwdkifrsKd;uvnf; trsKd;orD; vkyfief;
&SifawG twGufyg/
http://www.retrotogo.com
yif * G i f ; cspf o l a wG t wG u f e J Y Linux
oHk;pGJr,fh system orm;awGtzdkYawmh
a&cJ yif*Gif;iSufuav;awG&JU cspfp&m
pwdkifav;udk &Edkifygw,f/ 'velvet
idole' case rsm;vdkY ac:qdkygw,f/
http://www.coolhunting.com

vli,fawGMudKufMur,fh ab;vG,ftdwf 'DZdkif;? tdwfawGu

laptop tdwftjzpfeJYa&m? ab;vG,ftdwftjzpfeJYyg wjcm;'DZdkif;qef;av;awGudkawmh ae&m tESHYtjym;rSm
oHk;pGJEdkifwJhtwGuf ausmif;om;vli,fawG MudKufMurSmyg/ &Edkifygw,f/ http://www.thomberry.wordpress .com/
http://www.farmdesigns.co.uk 2007/09/29/ laptop-sleeve . http://barryfarm.net

pufwifbmv? 2008 53
 Notebook computer
'DuaeYtcsed t f cgrmS qd&k if Notebook computer odrYk [kwf laptop computer
odrYk [kwf portable computer awG[m wefz;kd taeeJY Munfrh ,fq&kd if desktop
computer aps;EIe;f avmufukd usqif;jy;D company awGu tjyKd it f qdik f xkwv f yk ?f
Laptop
a G wu
oGi;f ,laewmudk awG&U ygvrd rfh ,f/ Company vdYk qdw k Jh ae&mrSm 'D portable compu- taMumu wt G f
fqHk; t&mu
ter awGukd xkwv f yk w
f hJ company, manufacture awG tygt0if? Edik if w H ikd ;f rSm&Sw
d hJ tycl sed f jrirfh a wmh
jri rfh m;vm&if b m ;r y
I gy /
J tycl
wpfqihf jyefa&mif;cswhJ ukrP Ü aD wG tm;vH;k udk qdv
k ykd gw,f/ Portable
awGrS cEH ikd rf ,f electro sed f
nic dev
computer topf xkwu f ek af wGuvnf; user awG tMuKd u?f user awG I r&ydS gb;l / w ic
awG[m t csKaUd om lap e
toH;k wnfrh ,fh ud&, d m wefqmyvmawGukd pHEk ikd o f rQ pHak tmif xnfo h iG ;f xkwv f yk f xel JY xw top
laptop a k v f yk fjy;D wc
wu G kd yg;v sKU d
aeMuygw,f/ wcsKUd ukrP Ü aD wGuvJ olw&Ykd JU brand awGtjzpf todtrSwf
xkwfvkyfMu mT atmif
jyKavmufatmif de facto pHEeI ;f awGukd csK;d zsujf y;D olw&Ykd JU ud, k yf ikd pf EH eI f; proprietary w,f/
awG owfrw S jf y;D xkwv f yk fwmawGvnf; &SMd uw,f/ 'gq&kd if A company u xkww f hJ
ypön;f awG xyfxnfch siw f ,f? upgrade vkycf siw f ,fq&kd if tJ'D A company u
xkww f hJ hardware awG interface awGeyYJ J wGzJ ufo;kH &w,fvYkd qdv k ykd gw,f/

pufwifbmv? 2008 55
 BUYING

De facto standard awGuawmh b,f vkyfxm;jyD;om; jzpfwJhtwGuf tm;vHk; jzpfap? ysufoGm;vdkY vJvS,fjyD; xnfhwJh
ukrÜPD? manufacture awGuyJ xkwf tvJtvS,fvkyfjyD; wyfqifvdkY &yg ae&mawGrSm toHk;wnfh toHk;0ifwJh
vkyfonfjzpfap hardware device w,f/ 'g[mvJ tm;omcsufwpfckvdkY tcsufwpfck jzpfygw,f/ Notebook
awG&JU interface awG[m standard qdkEdkifygw,f/ Upgrade vkyfonf vdkY qdkwmeJY t"du tpdwftydkif;awG

'Dae&mrSm ajymcsiw f mu portable computer awG tac:ta0: uGjJ ym; jcm;em;pGm awG&U wmygy/J 'gawG[m xkwvf yk w
f hJ manufacture
awGeYJ ¤if;wd&Yk UJ tav;csed ?f feacture/function awGay: rlwnfjy;D uGjJ ym; jcm;em;aewmudk awG&U ygr,f/

56 uGefysLwm*sme,f
jzpfwJh display units eJY backup bat-
tery pepfawGukd pwif a&G;cs,Mf uwmudk
awGU&ygw,f/ 'Dpepf ESpfck[m tm;vHk;
xufudk ta&;MuD;wJh tydkif;tjzpf
owfrSwfMuygw,f/
tMurf ; zsif ; tm;jzif h display
screen awG[m 12 inch uaejyD; 17
inch screen avmufxd &SMd uwm awGU&
ygr,f / Desktop Replacement
screen awGqdk&if 19 inch / 20 inch
avmufxd &SdMuygw,f/ 'D screen
awGxJrSm 17 inch eJY 17 inch awGxuf
ausmf&if wide screen awGtjzpf xkwf
vkyMf uwmudk awGU&ygr,f/ Manufac-
ture awGuawmh display screen ra-
tio awGudk 4:3 (aspect ratio) tjzpf
tMurf;zsif; xkwfMuygw,f/ 'gu
vnf; screen resolution awGay:rSm
rlwnfrI &Sdaewm awGU&ygvdrhfr,f/
Wide screen ratio awGrmS 10:6, 16:9,
16:9.5, 16.10 qdkjyD; toD;oD; &SdMu
ygw,f/ 10:9 uawmh Wide Screen
&JU standard ratio yJ jzpfygw,f/
aemufwpfcsufu screen resolution
awGtay:rSm rlwnfjyD; screen trsK;d rsK;d
owfrw S Mf uygw,f/ XGA , WXGA,
WSXGA qdkjyD; resolution awGay:
rlwnfjyD; ac:a0: oHk;pGJMuygw,f/
Laptop Screen awGrSm trsKd;
tpm; (type) ESpfrsKd;eJY manufacture
rsm;rS xkww f mudk awGU&ygr,f/ Matte
eJY high gloss trsKd;tpm;awGyJ jzpfyg
w,f/ Matte awGudk industry stand-
ard tjzpfeJY ESpfaygif;rsm;pGmu xkwf
vkyfcJhwmudk awGU&vdrhfr,f/ 'DpepfawG
[m rsm;pG m aom ta&mif p H k v if r I e J Y
tvif;a&mif ½dkufcwfvIyf&Sm;rIawGudk
(tvif;jyefr)I ? wHYk jyefrrI sm;wmudk awGU&
ygr,f/ aumif;rGefwJh laptop screen
awG[m jrifuGif;us,f aumif;rGefjcif;eJY
vHak vmufaumif;rGew f hJ tvif; ½du
k cf wf
rI wHkYjyefrIudk &&Sdygvdrhfr,f/ 'gaMumifh
matte screen &JU t"du raumif;wJh
tcsuu f awmh tvif;a&mifrsm;wJah e&m?
aeYtvif;a&mif (day light) awGrSm
toH;k jyKoltwGuf tvif;½du k cf wfrEI eI ;f
rsm;wmaMumifh tvif;jyKjyD; tqifajyrI
enf;wmudk awGU&ygvdrhfr,f/ tvif;
a&mifenf;wJhae&mawGrSmawmh tqif
ajywmudk awGU&ygvdrhfr,f/
High-gloss screen awGudkawmh
manufacture awG r S m 2006 ck E S p f
aemufydkif;avmufawGrSm xkwfvkyfwm
udk awGU&ygvdrhfr,f/ High gloss awG
[m aumif;rGefjywfom;wJh contrast,
ta&mif<u,f0rI (richer colour) eJY
jrifuGif;us,f (wider view) twGuf
ydrk akd umif;rGef oifah vsmw
f mawGukd matte
screen awGeJY EIdif;,SOf MunfhEdkifygvdrhf
r,f/ High gloss awGtwGuf xkwf
vkyfwJh manufacture awG[m uGJjym;
jcm;em;wJh emrnfawG ay;xm;wmudk
awGU&ygvdrhfr,f/ Dell uae xkwfwJh
tcgrSm TrueLife, Acer uae xkww f hJ
tcg Crystal Bride eJY HP u xkwfwJh
screen awGqdk&if BrightView qdkjyD;
ac:a0: oHk;pGJMuwmudk awGU&ygvdrhf
r,f/ High-gloss awG[m tvif;
wHkYjyefrI (tvif;jyefrI) enf;w,f/
teD;tem; t&m0w¬KawG&UJ tvif;jyefrI
awGudk oHk;pGJw,fvdkYvnf; ajymvdkY&
w,f/ 'gaMumifh aeYtvif;a&mifeJY
tjyifbufawGrmS (tvif;a&mif awmuf
yaeaomtcsdef) toHk;jyK&if matte
screen awGxuf jrifuGif;udk Munfvif
wJhta&mifawGudk ay;Edkifwm awGU&yg
vd r h f r ,f / 'g[m display unit eJ Y
ywfoufwJh tajccH taMumif;ygyJ/
Notebooks awGrSm tjcm;aom
feacture awG oHk;Edkifatmif xnfhay;
xm;wmawGudkvnf; od&ygr,f/ t&if
wkef;u notebook awGrSm add on
device awGukd xyfrH xnfo h iG ;f toH;k jyK
r,fqdk&if toHk;jyKvdkY&atmif PC card
udk ac:wJh PCMCIA slot awG ygwmudk
awGU&ygr,f/ PCMCIA (Personal
Computer Memory Card Interna-
tional Association) u ,aeY note-
book awGrSmvnf; 'D slot awG tenf;
qHk; wpfckavmufawmh yg&ygr,f/
>>
pufwifbmv? 2008 57
 BUYING
NOTEBOOK uk,
d af wGU
]uRefawmfu Laptop ta&mif;orm;taeeJY vkyfcJhwm 8 ESpfausmfausmfavmuf &SdygjyD/
wpfywf&pf laptop awGukd ESpt
f awmfMum a&mif;cscw
laptops a&mif;cswv
hJ yk if ef;udk ul;vmcJw
h myg/
ckqkd&if ESC laptop Computer
Mart qkdjyD; Akdvfatmifausmfvrf;rSm
zGiv
hf pS jf yD; Laptop oefYoefYav; a&mif;
cswJh qkdiftaeeJY zGifhxm;cJhygw,f/
avmavmq,f uRefawmfwdkYqkdifrSm
country origin udk OD;pm;ay; wifxm;
wm rsm;ygw,f/ Oyrm w½kwfEkdifiH
xkwfvm;? *syefEkdifiHxkwfvm;? tar
&duefEkdifiH xkwfvm;qkdwmudk cGJjcm;
wifjyjyD; a&mif;ay;ygw,f/
a&mif;olqw dk muawmh ypön;f 0,f
csifatmif a&mif;MurSm jzpfygw,f/
uRefawmfuawmh 0,f,lolawGtwGuf
0,f,lwJhtcgrSm trSm;t,Gif; enf;Ekdif
orQ enf;EdkifzdkY tawGUtMuHKeJY,SOfjyD;
ajymjycsifwmav;awG &Sdygw,f/
yxrqH k ; used laptop awG
taMumif; ajymcsiyf gw,f/ Used Lap-
top qkdwm ESpfrsKd; &SdEdkifygw,f/ rlv
58 uGefysLwm*sme,f
hJ hJ tawGU tMuKH awG &Sjd y;D rS brand new
xkwfvkyfa&mif;cswJhEdkifiHu wdkuf½dkuf
a&mufvmwJh used awG &So d vkd wpfqifh
cHjyD; xkdif;EdkifiHvkd? pifumylEkdifiHvdku
wpfqihf a&mufvmwJh used awGvnf;
&S d y gw,f / Secondhand used eJ Y
thirdhand used uGmjcm;aewm jzpf
w,f/ Secondhand used &JU toHk;jyK
xm;wJh em&Du thirdhand used xuf
enf;ygw,f/ 'gaMumifhrdkY ydkjyD;ypönf;
oefYw,f? vwfw,fvdkY ajymEdkifw,f/
a&mif;cswJh olu rajymvdkY ukd,fwkdif
ppfaq;Munhrf ,fq&dk if laptop udk ab;
wkduftaetxm;u MunfhjyD; abmif
awG&JU tajctaeudk oHk;oyfMunhfEdkif
w,f/ Enter cvkwfeJY Space Bar
cvkwfawGudk ppfaq;MunhfEdkifw,f/
bmjzpfvdkYvJqkdawmh 'DcvkwfawGu
toHk;rsm;&if ajymifaewwfjyD; pmvHk;
awGvnf; rSdefaerSm jzpfw,f/ AC
adapter awGudk original jzpf r jzpf
ppfaq;MunhfEdkifw,f/ wcsKdU adapter
awGu acgif;ajymif;jyD; qufxm;wm
awG &Sdwwfygw,f/ udk,fxnftwGif;
tjyif tufaMumif;&Sdr&Sd taotcsm
ppfaq;oifw h ,f/ vufwifwahJ e&mawG
rSm aq;jyefrw I xf m;wwfvYkd tJvakd e&m
rsKd;awGrSm aq;nDrnD
ppfaq; MunhfEdkifyg
w,f / buf x &D e J Y
ywfoufvYkd aocsmap
csif&if xkdifapmihfjyD;
ppfaq;Munhfwm taumif;qHk; jzpfyg
vdrhfr,f/ 100 &mckdifEIef;jynfh charge
vkyfjyD; prf;MunhfEdkif&if ydkaumif;w,f/
buf x &D r &&if laptop wpf v H k ; uk d
toHk;jyK&wm t"dyÜm,f r&Sdawmhovdk
jzpf o G m ;Ed k i f y gw,f / buf x &D & J U
obm0u rMumcPtoH;k jyK&ygw,f/
rMumcP toHk;jyKay;&if oufwrf;
yd&k n
S Ef ikd w
f ,f/ vQyfppfrD;eJY tpOftjrJ
toHk;jyKjyD; rD;r&SdwJh tcsdefusrS buf
x&Dudk &Hzef&Hcgoabm toHk;jyK&if
oufwrf; ydkwkdEdkifygw,f/ qkdvkdwmu
wpf&ufjcm; wpfcgavmuf? em&D0uf
wpfem&D oH;k ay;Ekid &f if ydak umif;ygw,f/
Memory eJY ywfoufvdkY wpfcsdef
r[kwf wpfcsdef upgrade vkyf&r,fh
tajctaejzpfvmEkid w f mrdYk slot tvGwf
ygryg ppfaq;Munhfoifhw,f/ Oyrm
taeeJY qkdifu memory 256 MB vdkY
nTe;f qkcd &hJ if 128MBx 1 vm;? 256 MB
x 1 vm;qkdwm ar;Munhfyg? ppfaq;
Munhyf g/ xyfw;dk Edik rf ,fh memory trsK;d
tpm;ud k 0,f , l c J h & if taotcsm
ar;jref;,lyg/
Hard disk drive awGeJY ywfouf
vdkY brand new notebook awGrSm
jyóem odyfr&SdvSayr,fh b,ft&G,f
tpm; oH;k xm;w,f qkw d mudak wmh odzYkd
vdkygvdrhfr,f/ Used notebook awG
twGuaf wmh t&G,t f pm;jyóemvnf;
&SdEkdifovdk bad sector jyóemawG
vnf; &Sdwwfygw,f/ wcsKdU used
notebook awGu brand new HDD
udk xnfah y;xm;wwfovkd wcsKUd awGu
used HDD udkyJ jyefxnfhxm;wmrsKd;
MuHKawGUEdik wf ,f/ 2 .5 vufr xnhx f m;
wm &SEd idk o
f vdk 1 .8 vufr t&G,t f pm;
xnhfxm;wmawGvnf; &SdEkdifw,f/
Processor ydi k ;f rSm Munh&f if Cele-
ron t&nftaoG;eJY Pentium t&nf
taoG; tawmfav; uGm[w,f/ Cele-
ron udk 0,frd&if pdwfwdkif;us tae
txm; &EkdifrSm r[kwfygbl;/ wpfcg
AMD u processor qd k & if Intel
processor awGxuf tylwufwm jref
w,f / 'gaMumif h v nf ; processor
toH;k jyKxm;wJt h ay: rlwnfjyD; aps;EIe;f
uGmjcm;wmrsKd; &Sdaewm jzpfw,f/
t"dutcsufuawmh notebook awGukd
0,foHk;jyD;rS processor udk ajymif;oHk;zdkY
qdkwm tcuftcJawG trsm;MuD; &SEd idk yf g
w,f/ 'gaMumifh notebook 0,f&if
processor trsKd;tpm;eJY speed udk
tav;xm; a&G;cs,foifhygw,f/
Optical drive ryg&if vkyfief;
vkyfudkifwJh ae&mrSm tqifajyEkdifrSm
r[kwfbl;/ 'gaMumifh wpfcgwnf;
wyfqifygvmwmudk OD;pm;ay;oifo h vdk
ckacwfrSm tenf;qHk; combo drive
avmufrS ryg&if rjzpfwmudk owdjyK&
ygvdrhfr,f/
&efukefaps;uGufxJrSm &SdwJh note-
book awGxr J mS tMurf;cH rugged trsK;d
tpm; r&S d o avmuf y gyJ / aps;EI e f ;
tvGefw&m MuD;jrifhwmrdkY wifrxm;Mu
wmvnf; jzpfEikd yf gw,f/ 'Dawmh jrefrm
jynfrSm notebook 0,fr,fqkd&if xnhf
r,fh tdwu f ta&;ygvmw,f/ ydwpf eJY
csKyfxm;wJh tdwfaysmhawGeJY xnhfoHk;&if
aqmifhrdwmwdkY? jyKwfuswmwdkYaMumifh
ysufpD;oGm;Edkifygw,f/ tdwfawG&JU
atmufajctxdkifrSm oHcGHtrm 'grS
r[kwf trmaumfacsmif;awG xnhfxm;
wJh tdwfawGukd 0,f,l toHk;jyKoifh
w,f/ tdwq f w dk hJ ae&mrSmvnf; jrefrm
jynf &moDOwkeJY tylvHktdwfawG vHk;0
a&SmifMuOf&rSmjzpfw,f/ jyD;awmh wpfcsed f
vHk; tvHkydwftdwfxJrSm odrf;xm;wm
rsKd;vnf; vHk;0 a&SmifMuOfoifhw,f/
acR;atmif;jyD; tpdjk yefvYkd motherboard
ysufpD;cJhwJh tawGUtMuHKawG trsm;MuD;
&Sdygw,f/
oHk;pGJwJhae&mrSmvnf; a&puf pOf
wmwdkY? a&rIefa&rTm; uswJhae&mwdkYudk
a&SmifMuOf&r,f/ Air condition avxGuf
wJh ae&meJYwnfhwnfhrSm r&Sdoifhbl;/
b,fvkdyJjzpfjzpf &efukefaps;uGuf
rSm brand new laptops awG trsm;
tjym; &SdvmMujyD; used eJYvnf; aps;
EIef; odyfruGmMuawmhwmrdkY toHk;jyKol
awGtwGuf 0rf;ajrmufzG,f&m jrifuGif;
awGygyJ/ tv,f tvwfwef; trsKd;
tpm; laptop awG&JU aps;EIef;uvnf;
desktop topf aps;EIef;awGeJY odyf
ruGmjcm;awmhwmvnf; tcGifhtvrf;
aumif;awG jzpfvmcJhygw,f/
OD;nDnD
(ESC Laptop Computer Mart)
Credit card t&G , f t pm;avmuf y J
&Sdygw,f/ Notebook PC awG twGuf
vdktyfwJh tqihfjrihf function awGudk
toHk;jyKwJh ae&mrSm tvGeftoHk;0if
toHk;wnfhwJh wpfckqdk&if rrSm;ygbl;/
'DaeY 'Dtcsderf mS PC card awG[m toH;k
jyKzdkY installation awG vG,fulvmjyD;?
aps;EIef;tm;jzifhvnf; oufomvmwm
udk awGU&ygvdrhfr,f/ trsm;qHk;uawmh
External HDD awG tjzpfeYJ toH;k wnfh
vmygw,f/ (External HDD awGudk
wjcm; Interface awG jzpfwJh USB eJY
IEEE394 uvnf; toHk;jyKygw,f/)
Notebook awGrmS rsm;aomtm;jzifh PC
card awG[m wpfck odkYr[kwf ESpfck oHk;
EdkifwJh PC card slot awG ygMuygw,f/
'D slot awGxJudk toHk;jyKcsifwJh de-
vice trsKd;tpm; card awGudk user
awGu wyfqiftoH;k jyKMurSm jzpfw,f/
'D card awG[mvnf; rsm;pGmaom func-
tion awG toHk;jyKEdkifwmudk awGU&r,f/
External HDD oHk;csifovm;? NIC
tjzpf oHk;csifovm;? MODEM tjzpf
toHk;jyKcsifovm;? wireless device
tjzpf toH;k jyKrvm;/ rdrw d Ykd ESpo
f ufwhJ
device trsKd;tpm;udk 0,f,loHk;pGJEdkif
w,f/ 'DaeY tcsdeftcgrSmqdk&if card
reader awG rygwJh notebook awGrSm
PC card udk card reader converter
slot awGtjzpf toHk;wnfhwmudk awGU&
ygr,f/ aemufjyD; PC card awG[m hot
swappable device awG jzpfw,f/ qdk
vdkwm[m toHk;jyKpOf power udk ydwf
p&mrvdkbJ device awGudk tjzKwf?
twyf vkyfvdkY&w,fvdkY qdkvdkwmyg/
PCMCIA (PC card) awG[m version
ESpfrsKd;eJYxGufwmudk awGU&ygr,f/ Par-
allel Bus eJY Serial Bus qdkjyD; ESpfrsKd;
xGuyf gw,f/ 'DaeYo;kH Note book awG
rSmawmh Serial Bus awGudk toHk;rsm;
wm awGU&ygvdrhfr,f/ >>
pufwifbmv? 2008 59
 BUYING
Parallel PC card awGrSm trsKd;
tpm; ESpfrsKd; xyfjyD;xGufygw,f/ 16
bit version eJY Card Bus version
qdjk yD; xGuyf gw,f/ t&G,t f pm;taeeJY
uvnf; oHk;rsKd;xGufwmudk awGU&yg
r,f/ tac:ta0:awGuawmh vG,f
ulygw,f/ Type I, Type II, Type III
vdkY ac:a0:oHk;pGJygw,f/ (Z,m;rSm
Munfyh g/) 16 bit, PC card awG[m 5V
card awG jzpfygw,f/ tenf;qH;k func-
tion ESpfrsKd;wGJ oHk;wJh yHkpHeJYvmwmudk
awGU&ygw,f/ (Oyrm MODEM/ net-
work card) Card Bus PC card awG
uawmh 32 bit version awG jzpfjyD;
3.3V udk toHk;jyKwmudk awGU&ygr,f/
'D card awG[m tenf;qHk; function
8 rsKd;avmufxdudk toHk;jyKvdkY &yg
w,f/ 'D slot awGrSm yHkrSefoHk; 16 bit
card awGudk oGm;wyf&ifvnf; yHkrSef
twdkif; tvkyfvkyfwmudk awGU&ygr,f/
16 bit slot rSmawmh Card Bus udk wyf
qifvdkY r&ygbl;/
Type I, Type II, Type III Card
awG[m card awG&UJ txl? tyg; t"du
uGmjcm;Muygw,f/ Length eJY Width
awGuawmh twlwlyJ jzpfygw,f/ 68
pin interface awGeYJ vmwmudk awGU&yg
r,f/ Type II trsK;d tpm;uawmh toH;k
rsm;ygw,f/ 'gaMumifh laptop trsm;pk
rSm PC slot ESpfck ygygw,f/ wpfcku
Type I odkYr[kwf Type II slot jzpfjyD;
usefwpfckuawmh Type III slot tjzpf
60 uGefysLwm*sme,f
ygwm awGU&ygr,f/
PC card awGrSm serial bus udk
toHk;jyKwmu Express card awGyJ
jzpfygw,f/ tjrihfqHk;pGrf;aqmifrIudk
ay;EdkifwJh card awGyg/ 'gaMumifh tck
topfxGufvmwJh pentium 4 note-
book awGrmS trsm;qH;k ygwmudk awGU&
ygr,f/ t&ifxGufcJhwJh PC card eJY
Express awG[m compatible rjzpfMu
ygbl;/ Bus type t"du uGJjym;jcm;em;
vdkYyJ jzpfw,f/ Express card awG[m
width ESpfrsKd;eJY xGufwmudk awGU&yg
w,f/ 54 mm eJY 34 mm ESprf sK;d yg/ Card
ESpfrsKd;pvHk;[m Length 75 mm &Snjf yD;
txluawmh 5 mm card awGyJ jzpfyg
w,f/ t&ifxu G wf hJ PC card awGxuf
card u ydkjyD; ao;w,f/ Width u
awmh Type II eJY wlwmudk awGU&yg
w,f/
Express card awG[m wjcm; Hi-
speed USB 2.0 Bus awGeJY PCI Ex-
press Bus awGrSm wJGzuf toHk;jyKvdkY
&ygw,f/ atmufazmfjyyg Z,m;awGrmS
USB version awGeYJ EIi d ;f ,SOMf unfEh ikd yf g
w,f/
PC card awG twGuf? software
support udk Munfhr,fqdk&if level ESpf
rsKd; owfrSwfxm;wmudk awGU&ygr,f/
qdkvdkwmu driver awGudk ESpfrsKd; in-
stall vkyfay;&w,fvdkY qdkvdkwmyg/
yxrtaeeJY Low level vdkY ac:wJh
socket services awGudk install vkyf&
ygw,f/ Socket services driver in-
stall vkyfrSomvQif 'D socket rSm b,f
vdk card awG vmwyfqifrvJ qdw k mudk
odrSm jzpfygw,f/ 'kwd, taeeJY u
awmh socket services awG wufjyD qdk
&if card service drivers awG install
vky&f w,f/ Card service drivers awG
udk install vkyfjyD;rS b,fvdk card vm
xnfhrSmvJ/ MODEM card vmxnhf
&if MODEM install vkyf? Nic vm
xnf&h if Nic driver awGukd install vkyf
vdkY qdkvdkwmyg/ OS install vkyfjyD;&if
awmh socket services awGudk tjyD;
owf install vkyx f m;jcif;tm;jzifh Card
services awGudk rdrdwdkY vdkcsifwJh de-
vices xyfrH install vkyfvdkY&ygw,f/
'DaeYoHk; laptop awGrSm socket
service awG [ m standardardized
vkyfxm;jyD; jzpfwJhtwGuf system
BIOS awGuyJ wm0ef,l ajz&Si;f ay;wm
udak wGU&r,f/ 'gaMumifh system BIOS
awGxJrSm rdrdvdkcsifwJh socket service
awGukd Enable/Disable vkyv f ukd wf meJY
OS awGay:rSm tm;vHk; tqifajy acsm
arGUaerSm jzpfw,f/ OS trsm;pku
rdrdwdkY oHk;r,fh Card Services awG
twGuf Built in Service (pre-install)
awG ygjyD;om; jzpfygw,f/ tjcm;aom
Brand Name r&Sw d hJ card awGavmufyJ
Install vkyfzdkY vdkwmudk awGU&ygr,f/
>>>
 BUYING
General Purpose Ports
tMurf;tm;jzifh 'DaeY toH;k jyKaewJh
laptops awGrmS yHrk eS t
f m;jzifh USB port
(version 1.0/2.0) awG ygwm awGU&yg
vdrhfr,f/ 'ghtjyif t&iftoHk;jyKcJhwJh
Legacy, general ports awG jzpfwJh
serial line, parallel line awG? PS/2
ports awG? Graphic ports (Analog)
awGYvmMuygw,f/ 'gawG[mvnf;
tck tcsdex f d toH;k 0if toH;k wnfah pwJh
ports awG jzpfygw,f/
wcsdKU tqihfjrihfwJh Laptops awG
rSmawmh build in Rj-11 port awG?
(MODEM twGuf) Rj-45 ports awG
(Network twGu)f Fire Wire Ports (i
ports), IEEE1394 ports awG? card
reader awGtwGuf slot awG tydk ygvm
wmudk awGU&ygw,f/ 'ghtjyif wcsKdU
aom note book awGrSm docking sta-
tion awG ygwJt h jyif tJ'D docking sta-
tion awGeJY wGJzufjyD; ports repali-
cator awGyg ygvmwmudk awGU&ygr,f/
Modular Laptop
Laptop awGudk pwif xkwfvkyf
wJh tcsdefwkef;u xkwfvkyfwJh ukrÜPD
awG[m ¤if;wdkY xkwfvkyfwJh device
awGudk Proprietary components awG
tjzpfeJY wpfcgwnf; wGJqufjyD; xkwf
vkyfMuwmudk awGU&ygw,f/ ajymcsif
wmu ysuf&if jyifzdkY tcuftcJ trsm;
62 uGefysLwm*sme,f
Docking Station
MuD; &Sw
d mudk awGU&ygvdrrfh ,f/ jyifvYkd &
&ifawmifrS tJ'DukrÜPDawGu xkwfwJh
ypönf;awGudkyJ oHk;vdkY&ygw,f/ odyfjyD;
tqifajyrIr&Sdygbl;/ tck aemufydkif;
rSm 'gawGudk a&Smif&Sm;jyD; de facto
standard awG vkyfvmwJh twGuf lap-
top awGrSm wcsKdUaom tpdwftydkif;rsm;
tm;vH;k eD;yg;aom tpdwt f ydik ;f rsm;udyk g
wyfqif? jzKwf,lvdkY &wmudk awGU&
ygw,f/ rsm;aomtm;jzifh RAM, Hard
drive, CPU, video modular card,
optical drive, Network card pwJh
tpdwftydkif;tcsKdU ysufpD;cJh&if vG,ful
pGm jzKwfwwfvdkY &wmudk awGU&ygr,f/
Interface awGukd standard vkyx f m;vdYk
jzpfygw,f/
RAM
Laptop trsm;pku tck tcsdef
wcsKUd notebook awG rSm docking
station ygwhJ tjyif tJ'D docking
station eJY wGzJ ufjy;D ports repli
cator (device) ygvmwmudk
awG&U ygr,f/ 'gawG[m
tydx
k yftoH;k jyKEikd wf hJ function and
feature awGyJ jzpfygw,f/
0,fwt hJ cgrmS pOf;pm;&r,fh
tcsuaf wGyg/
tcgrSm DDR/DDR2 RAM trsK;d tpm;
udk trsm;qHk; oHk;Muygw,f/ 200 pin
SO-DIMM eJY micro-DIMM awGyJ
jzpfw,f/ aps;EIe;f tm;jzifv
h nf; 'Dtcsdef
[m aps;oufomwmudk awGU&ygvdrhf
r,f/ t&if laptop ta[mif;awGu
awmh 72 pin/144 pin SO- DIMM, SD
RAM enf;ynmawGudk toHk; jyKMuyg
w,f/ rdrd0,fwJh notebook twGuf
DDR/DDR2 RAM jzpfoihy f gw,f/
Share Memory
Laptop trsm;pkawG[m share
memory toHk;jyKwmawGudk awGU&yg
r,f/ t"duuawmh video card &JU
ukefusp&dwfawGudk avQmhcszdkYtwGuf
vkyfxm;wm jzpfygw,f/ Video Card
awGrSm RAM yrmPudk tjynfh rxnfh
bJeYJ system RAM uaejyD; cJaG 0 oH;k pGJ
wJhpepf jzpfygw,f/ wcsKdUaom video
card awGrSm 64MB RAM yrmPyJ
ygw,f/ System ay:rSm oGm;MunfhwJh
tcg 'D video card awG[m 256 MB
xd tvkyfvkyfaewmudk awGU&ygvdrfh
r,f/ 'gqdk system uaejyD; 192 MB
udk qJG,l oHk;pGJwmjzpfw,f/ System
&JU vkyfaqmifcsuf? pGrf;aqmif&nfudk
usapygw,f / 'gaMumif h system
RAM udk share vkyfovm;? share
vkyf&if b,favmufxd share vkyf
ovJ/ Built in Video RAM b,f
avmufygovJqdkwmudk odzdkY vdktyfyg
w,f/ Video RAM share vkyfw,f
qd&k if system RAM rsm;rsm;eJY 0,fo;kH
oihfygw,f/ 'grSr[kwf&if Video
RAM rsm;rsm;ygwJh notebook udk 0,f
oHk;&ygr,f/ 'grSr[kwf&if Graphic
feature awG roHk;zl;qdk&if system
BIOS awGxr J mS Share memory awGukd
on/off vkyfxm;vdkY &wm yg&ygr,f/
'gaMumihf share memory udk tjynfh
oHk;r,f (Graphic card twGuf) 'gqdk
system memory udk rsm;rsm;xnfh
odkjcif;onf system performance udk
xdcdkufrI enf;ygvdrhfr,f/ wcsKdUaom
notebook awG r S m built-in video
RAM awG wpfcgwnf; tjynfhygvm
wm awGU&ygr,f/ Share Memory awG
rSmvnf; xkwfvkyfvdkufwJh manufac-
ture awGay:rSm rlwnfjyD; tac:ta0:
awG uGJjym;jcm;em;ygw,f/ Nvidia u
xkwfwJh[mawGrSm Turbo cache eJY
ATI u xkw& f if hypermemory qdjk yD;
ac:Muwm awGU&ygr,f/
Hard Drive
'DaeYoHk; tm;vHk;aom laptop awG
[m ATA 2.5 inch drive awGudkyJ
trsm;qHk; toHk;jyKwmudk awGU&ygr,f/
'gaMumifh vG,fvG,fulul ajymif;vJ
wyfqifvdkY &ygw,f/ ysufwJhtcg
odkYr[kwf hard drive awG size tMuD;
vJxnfhwJhtcgawGrSm interface awG
wlnDwJhtwGuf vJvS,fjyD; xnfhEdkifyg
w,f/ aps;uGufxJrSmvnf; t&ifvdk
&Sm;yg; ypönf;r[kwfawmhygbl;/ 'D
tcsufuvnf; rdrd0,f,lwJh laptop
twGuf ta&;MuD;ygw,f/ wcsKdUaom
notebook awGrSm 2 inch hard drive
awGudk toHk;jyKxm;wJhtwGuf inter-
Notebook oH;k hard disk ESihf desktop oH;k hard disk wdo
jzpfonf/ odkYaomf2.5 vufrESifh 3.5 vufr [lí t&G,ftpm; uGmjcm;Muonf/
face standard rjzpfbl;/ t&G,ftpm;
standard rjzpfwJhtwGuf tvG,fwul
0,f,lvdkY r&wmuvnf; pdwftaESmifh
t,Suf jzpfapygw,f/
Modular CPU
'DaeYtoHk;jyKaewJh laptop trsm;pk
awG[m modular CPU upgrade yJ
vkyfvdkY &ygao;w,f/ aemufydkif;awG
rSm desktop awGvdkyJ CPU wpfrsKd;
wnf; vJvS,fxnfh&ef &nf&G,fxm;vdkY
Intel eJY AMD wdkY ygw,f/ ,ck tcsdef
xd Intel Desktop CPU awGeYJ Laptop
CPU awG[m tjyeftvSef vJvS,foHk;
vdkY r&ygbl;/ 'Dae&mrSmawmh AMD
CPU awG[m desktop eJY laptop CPU
awG vJvS,fjyD; tjyeftvSef xnfhvdkY&
ygw,f/
Video Card
CPU vdkyJ laptop awGrSm Video
Card awG[mvnf; Module Type
awGyJ jzpfygw,f/ tvJtvS,f vkyf
csif&if video processor/RAM tyg
t0if module vdkuf vJxnhfwJh enf;
pepfjzpfygw,f/ 'gawmif manufac-
Yk nf twlwyl if
ture awGukd odzYkd vdt
k yfygw,f/ wlnrD S
&ygvdrfhr,f/ Video xkwfvkyfwJh in-
dustry trsm;pkuawmh aemufydkif;rSm
Wide standard jzpfatmif vkyfr,fvdkY
&nf&G,fjyD; 2002 aemufydkif;avmuf
uwnf;u standard pwifvkyfaqmif
aeMuygjyD/
Other Modular Drive
wjcm;aom module pepf a wG
oHk;wJh drive trsm;pk &Sdygao;w,f/
'gawGuawmh CD-ROM, DVD-ROM
eJY writer awGtjyif? floppy drive awG
vnf; ygwmudk awGU&ygw,f/ Laptop
wd k i f ; [m ol w d k Y & J U industry type
twdkif; drive module awGyJ xkwfwm
jzpfwJhtwGuf ysuf&ifvnf; ¤if;wdkY&JU
module awGudkyJ vJxnfhvdkY &ygao;
w,f/
rSwfcsuf/ / Laptop awG? device
tjzKwftwyfawG vkyfr,fvdkY pOf;pm;
&if outlet power vdk jzKwfjyD; back
up battery awGuy kd g jzKwf&ygvdrrfh ,f/
Other Furtune
'DaeY laptop trsm;pkawGrSm wire
pufwifbmv? 2008 63
 BUYING
twGuf network interface awGygjyD;
onfhwdkifatmif wireless network
function awGudkyg xnfhxm;wmudk
awGU&ygr,f/ rdrd0,f,lwJh laptop rSm
aygh/ Wi-Fi adapter awG[m mini PCI
slot awGeJY vmwmudk awGU&ygr,f/
MiniPCI [m integrated communi-
cation peripherals awGtwGuf t"du
vkyfxm;wJh slot awG jzpfygw,f/ 'g
aMumifh bluetooth, modem, audio,
Nic, hard drive controller awGudk
vufcH wyfqifvYkd &ygw,f/ 'gaMumihf
'D slot awGrSm rdrdwdkY tvdk&SdwJh device
awGudk wyfqifvdkY &ygw,f/ rdrd
laptop awGrSm 'D slot awG ygvm&if
taumif;qHk;ygyJ/
Backup Batteries
Laptop awGtwGuf backup bat-
teries awG[m ta&;MuD;qHk; pOf;pm;
p&mwpfck jzpfygw,f/ Outlet power
awG jywfawmufoGm;wJhtcgrSm Back-
up Battery awG[m tcse
d f b,favmuf
txdudk power qufwdkuf ay;Edkifw,f
qdw k mawGukd odzYkd vdt
k yfygw,f/ wcsKUd
battery awG[m trsKd;tpm;ay: vdkuf
jyD; 2 em&D? 3 em&D? 4 em&DqdkjyD; quf
wdu k f yg0gay;xm;vdYk &ygw,f/ 'Dae&m
rSm battery oHk;pGJrI oufomatmif
enf;ynm yHhydk;rIawG &Sdygao;w,f/
Intel u xk w f w J h laptop awG r S m
Speed-step Technology awG ygjyD;
AMD u xk w f w J h laptop awG r S m
power NOW function awG ygwmudk
awGUae&ygvdrhfr,f/ 'gawG[m yg0g
oHk;pGJrIawGudk control vkyfwJh enf;
pepf a wG y g/ Outlet power jywf
awmufoGm;wJhtcgrSm oHk;pGJwJh device
awGudk yg0gavQmhcs oHk;pGJapzdkY CPU
uaejyD; control vkyfaqmifapwm
jzpfygw,f/ 'DaeY oHk;pGJaewJhtxd bat-
64 uGefysLwm*sme,f
tery trsKd;tpm; oHk;rsKd;xGufwmudk
awGU&ygr,f/ Nickel-cadmium (Ni-
cd), Nickel-Metal Hydride (Ni-MH)
eJY Lithium (Li-Ion) battery awGyJ
jzpfygw,f/ aemufydkif; xGufvmr,fh
battery awGuawmh fuel cell battery
trsKd;tpm;awG jzpfygw,f/
Nickel-cadmium
Mobile PC awGrSm yxrOD;qHk;
oHk;pGJcJhwJh battery trsKd;tpm; jzpfyg
w,f/ 'D battery awGu technolo-
gies t& ajymp&mr&Sdayr,fh tenf;
i,faom jyóemrsm;udk ay;avh &Sdyg
w,f/ Battery Memory Problem qdk
jyD; ac:a0:oHk;pGJMuygw,f/ 'Djyóem
uawmh battery charging jyóemyJ
jzpfygw,f/ oHk;pGJvdkY ukefoGm;wJh bat-
tery awGudk tm; jyefvnfoGif;,lcsif
w,fqdk&if t&ifqHk; battery xJrS usef
wJh tm;awGukd tukev f ;kH eD;yg; ukeo
f mG ;
atmif discharged vkyfypf&ygw,f/
tenf;qHk; battery percentage usef
wJh tcgrSomvQif jyefjyD;awmh charg-
ing oGif;vdkY &ygw,f/ 'gaMumihf dis-
charging time &Sdvmygw,f/ jyD;&if
charging time &Sdygr,f/ 'gaMumifh to-
tal charging time ydMk umwmudk awGU&yg
r,f/ Full charge jzpfjyDqdk&ifawmh
tenf;qHk; 2 em&Davmuf oHk;pGJvdkY &yg
w,f/
aemuf w pf c suf u awmh Ni-cd
battery awG[m overcharge udk vuf
rcHygbl/ 'gaMumifh wdusaocsmwJh tm;
oGif;pufawGudk toHk;jyKzdkY vdktyfyg
w,f/ tm;oGif;pufawGrSmvJ over
charger awGukd wm;jrpfwm yg&ygr,f/
'gawGudk rvdkufembl;qdk&ifawmh Ni-
cd battery awG[m oufwrf;wdkjyD;
ysufpD;rI jrefygvdrhfr,f/ 'gaMumifh
conditionary charger awGudk toHk;
jyKoihfygw,f/ Notebook awGrSm ryg
wJhtwGuf oD;oefY 0,f,l oHk;pGJoihfyg
w,f/ 'Dtm;oGif;pufawG[m tvdk
tavsmuf tm;awGudk discharge vkyf
jyD; charging vkyfygvdrhfr,f/ Over
udkvnf; wm;jrpfygvdrfhr,f/ Ni-cd
battery awG[m charging time 1000
avmuf oGi;f ,lvYkd &ygw,f/ aemufjyD;
battery wnfaqmufrI pepft& bat-
tery awGxr J S vlYywf0ef;usiu
f dk xdcdkuf
apr,fh toxic materials awG yg0ifwm
aMumifh pGefYypfwJhtcgrSm owdxm;p&m
vdktyfygw,f/ tcsKdUaom EdkifiHawGrSm
'DvdkrsKd; battery awGudk zsufqD;ypfr,fh
ae&mawG&Sdwmudk awGU&ygr,f/ Ni-cd
awGudk device tawmfrsm;rsm; ae&m
awGrSm oHk;pGJygw,f/ Cellular phone
awG ? Cordless phone awG pwJ h
vlYtoHk; taqmifawGrSm oHk;pGJwm jzpf
ygw,f/
Nickel-Metal Hydride
Mobile PC awG twGuf 'kwd,
battery trsKd;tpm;jzpfygw,f/ tckxd
tcsKdUaom laptop awGrSm oHk;pGJaeyg
ao;w,f/ Nickel-Metal (Ni-MH)
battery qdkwm[m Ni-cd trsKd;tpm;
yJ jzpfygw,f/ 'gayr,fh battery rSm
jzpfr,fh jyóemawGudk a&Smif&Sm;jyD;
t"du vkyfxm;jyD;om; jzpfygw,f/
Over charged awGvdk cHEdkifrI&Sdvmyg
w,f/ Charging speed awGudk twdk;?
tavsmh vkyfvdkY&vmygw,f/ Re-
charging vkyfEdkifwJhtMudrf rsm;vmwm
awGU&ygr,f/ 'gawG[m aumif;wJh
tcsufawGygyJ/ Ni-cd awGvdk vlY ywf
0ef;usifxdcdkufEdkifwJh toxic materials
awG yg0ifrI enf;vmygw,f/ 'gaMumifh
Ni-cd awG oH;k wJh ae&mawGrmS Ni-MH
awGukd tpm;xd;k oH;k pGrJ aI wG rsm;vmwm
awGU&ygr,f/ Notebook 0,fwJh ae&m
 BUYING

rSmvnf; tedrfhqHk; battery trsKd;tpm; bmaMumihv f qJ akd wmh battery memory ygw,f/ 'gaMumifh pdk;&drfp&mr&Sdygbl;/
uawmh Ni-MH jzpfoihfygw,f/ problum jyóemawG r&Sad wmhvYkd yJ jzpf Li-Ion battery awG[m system de-
ygw,f/ Ni-MH battery awGxuf ESpf signed wnfaqmufrIawGrSm rlwnfjyD;
Lithium Ion qavmuf toHk;cHwmudk awGU&ygr,f/ xkwfvkyfwm jzpfygw,f/ 'gaMumifh
'DaeY Pentium-III/Pentium-4 Over charged awmh vkyfvdkY r&ygbl;/ vJvS,foHk;pGJ&wJh trsKd;tpm;xJrSm ryg
laptop awGuawmh Lithium Ion bat- aygufuyJG sufp;D wwfygw,f/ 'gayr,fh 0ifygbl;/ qdkvdkwmu vJvS,fr,fqdk
tery awGukd toH;k jyKMuygw,f/ Li-Ion 'DaeYvkyfwJh laptop awGrSm Li-Ion bat- &if voltage eJY Ampere awG wpfxyf
battery awG[m tvGef aumif;rGefjyD; tery oHk;wJhtcg Over charge udk wm; wnf; wlwmawGudkyJ a&G;cs,foihfyg
oHk;oihfwJh battery awGyJ jzpfygw,f/ jrpfxm;wJh circuit awG toihyf gjyD; jzpf w,f/ Power adapter awGuv kd J wlwm
oHk;pGJwm aumif;ygw,f/ Ni-MH awG
Laptop taMumufq;kH t&m u voltage udk avQmhoHk;vdkY &ygw,f/
Ampere udv k nf; avQmho;kH Edik yf gw,f/
Laptop awGtwGuf taMumufqHk; t&muawmh tylcsdef jrihfrm;rIygyJ/
odomwJh uGmjcm;rIrsKd;udk wm;jrpfwm
tylcsdefjrihfrm;vmvQif b,f electronic device awGrS cHEdkifrI r&Sdygbl;/ wcsKdUaom
jzpfw,f/
laptop awG[m txleYJ xkwv f yk jf yD; wcsKdU laptop awGukd yg;vTmatmif xkwv f yk Mf u
aemufydkif;awGrSmawmh laptop
ygw,f/ tylydkif;EdkifiH toHk;jyKrIeJY tat;ydkif;EdkifiHawG toHk;jyKrIqdkjyD; uGJjym;jcm;em;
awGrSm smart battery awGudk toHk;jyK
rIawG &Syd gw,f/ txlyjJ zpfjzpf? tyg;yJjzpfjzpf? tylcsden f rd§ u
I akd wmh tm;vH;k vkyx f m;
vmrSm jzpfw,f/ Smart battery awG
jyD;om; jzpfygw,f/ txl;ojzifh yefum (fan) awGeYJ atmufbuf? ab;bufawGrmS
jzpfwJh fuel cell awG[m hydrogen eJY
wyf xm;jyD; jzpfygw,f/ 'gawGudk toHk;jyKolawG[m owdxm;Mu&ygw,f/ 'D
oxygen pwJh chemical changes re-
function awG[m power management awGrSm yg0ifygw,f/ t"du tylcsdefudk
action awGuaejyD; power xkwf,l
xdef;zdkY vkyfjcif; jzpfygw,f/
oHk;pGJygvdrhfr,f/ 'gaMumifh em&D 40
- Laptop awGudk rsufESmjyifnDnmwJh ae&mawGrSm toHk;jyKyg/ rsufESmjyif rnDnm avmufxdudk oHk;pGJvmEdkifygvdrhfr,f/
wJh ae&mawGrSm toHk;jyKygu atmufbufrSm&SdwJh av0ifavxGufaygufawG aemifvmr,fh laptop awG twGuf
ydwfjyD; tylcsdef wufygvdrhfr,f/ aumif;rGefwJh power pepfawGyJ jzpfyg
- Laptop 0,fvmwJhtcgrSm display screen eJY keyboard Mum;rSm cHxm;wJh w,f/
keyboard protector awGudk z,f&Sm;jyD; oHk;yg/ atmufbufu fan awGtwGuf
tay:bufuaejyD; av0if? avxGufawGudk ydwfxm;ovdk jzpfaeygvdrhfr,f/ bufx&D oufwrf;
- Laptop fan awG&UJ qlno H aH wGukd em;axmifyg/ Rpm jrihv f mav toH us,v f m ouf w rf ; Mum&S n f p G m cH E d k i f z d k Y
avygyJ/ Rpm bmaMumihf jriho f vJq&kd if tylcsed w f ufjyD; fan awG ydt
k vkyv f yk vf Ykd twGuf tjcm;aom system setting
jzpfygw,f/ awGudkvnf; oHk;pGJzdkY vdktyfygw,f/
- Fan awGrmS zkeaf wG trIu
d af wGukd 6 v wpfcg? 1 ESpw f pfcg maintain vkyaf y;yg/ Laptop awGxJrSm Power manage-
Rpm usvmygu tat;ay;pepf cRwf,i G ;f vmjyD; laptop udk tylcsdef wufvmyg ment function awG ygygw,f/ 'gawG
vdrhfr,f/ udk system BIOS awGxJrSm enable
- ta&;tMuD;qH;k tcsufjzpfwhJ laptop 0,fwt hJ cgrSm laptop udk wyfr,fh odYk r[kwf vkyjf yD; oH;k pG&J ygr,f/ SMM vdYk ac:wJh
xnfhoGif;xm;r,fh tdwfudk 0,f,lzdkYygyJ/ 'Dtdwf[m o,f,lrItwGuf toHk; system management mode awGudk
0ifjcif; wpfckwnf; r[kwfygbl;/ Laptop wpfckvHk;twGuf tav;csdef zdrI? hardware level t& support vkyf&
jyKwfusrI? tylcsdef xdef;n§drI? ESD (ElectroStatic Discharge), EMI (Elec- ygr,f/ 'grSomvQif SMM ay:rSm
tromagnetic Interference) odkYr[kwf RFI (Radio Frequency Interference) tajccHwhJ advanced power manage-
pwJh ab;jyify aESmif,
h u
S rf aI wGuykd g 0efaqmifraI wG ay;ygw,f/ rdrd 0,fvu kd w f hJ ment (APM) eJY Advanced confi-
laptop twGuf wpfygwnf; xkwfvkyfxm;wJh laptop udk 0,fwm taumif;qHk; gration and power interface (ACPI)
jzpfygw,f/ awGudk toHk;jyKvdkY &ygr,f/ OS u

66 uGefysLwm*sme,f
 ay;xm;ygvdrhfr,f/ APM suspend
bufx&Dukd *½kpu
kd f oef&Y iS ;f jcif;ESihf tm;jznfjh cif; qdk&ifawmh PC rSm &SdwJh device awGudk
1/ Battery awGudk at;jrajcmufaoGUaom ae&mawGrSm xm;&ygr,f/ tm;vHk; power jzwfawmufypfrSm jzpf
2/ vlawG&JU pm;aomufp&mawGeJY a0;wJhae&mawGrSm xm;&ygr,f/ w,f/ Data awGudk HDD xJrSm odrf;
3/ Ni-Cd eJY Ni-MH battery awGudk tjrJ MuHUcdkifrI &dSaeap&ef trsKd;tpm; ygvd r h f r ,f / Hibernation mode
aumif;rGefwJh battery charger udk oHk;&ygr,f/ odkYr[kwf sleep mode vdkYvnf; ac:
4/ Battery awGudk oD;oefY odrf;qnf;wJhae&mrSm battery tzdkeJY tr acgif;awG ygw,f/ pufudk pwif zGihfouJhodkY
udk oefY&Sif;ap&ef t&ufjyefeJY okwf&ygr,f/ aMu;csKd;? cJcsKd;rsm; rwufatmif power udk jyef on vdkY &ygw,f/ 'gay
cover (tzHk;) jym;rsm; wyfqif&ygr,f/ r,f h system pzG i f h o vd k r sKd ; tcsd e f
5/ Battery awGukd xk½u kd jf yD; cGrJ Munfyh geJY/ Battery xJrmS ygwJh "mwkypön;f rsm;onf Mumjrihrf I r&Sjd cif;? rdrad emufq;kH access
vlawGtwGuf tEÅ&m,f rsm;vGef;ygw,f/ pGefYypfwJhtcgrSmvnf; pepfwus vkycf ahJ om program/application txd
pGefYypfzdkY vdktyfygw,f/ jyefvnf &&Sdjcif;qdkwJh tcsufawGu
tm;omcsuaf wG jzpfygw,f/ 'gawG[m
backup battery tcsdef MumjrihfpGm
vnf; em;vnfygw,f/ APM/ ACPI power udk oHk;pGJjyD; usefwJh device awG oHk;pGJEdkifzdkY oHk;&r,fh feature and func-
level awGuvJ rdrw d Ykd oH;k pGw
J hJ tay:rSm udk power jzwfawmufypfrSm jzpfyg tion awGyJ jzpfygw,f/ rdrw d Ykd &UJ laptop
trsKd;rsKd; ajymif;vJ oHk;pGJEdkifygw,f/ w,f / APM standby qd k & if a wmh awGrmS 'D function awGukd toH;k jyKEdik zf Ykd
Full on qdk&if power management CPU tygt0if wjcm;aom device 0,fwJhtcgrSm MunfhzdkY vdktyfygw,f/
udk roHk;bl;vdkY qdkvdkwmyg/ APM En- awGudk power jzwfawmufrSm jzpfyg
able qd&k if CPU eJY RAM awG[m Full w,f/ RAM wpfrsKd;wnf;udkyJ power &Jausmo
f ed ;f (Compu-Tech)

pufwifbmv? 2008 67
 BUYING

&efuek rf mS notebook wpfv;Hk 0,fMunfjh cif;

tvG,fwul o,f,loGm;EdkifwJh uGefysL

wmawGukd Laptop uGeyf sLwmvdYk ac:Muw,f/ Ultimate Ultraportable Notebook
aemufydkif;rSm 'Dvdk tvG,fwul o,f,loGm; ukwftuÐstdwfxJ? abmif;bDtdwfxJ xnfh,loGm;Edkifr,fh t&G,ftpm;
Edkifr,fh uGefysLwmawGu rSwfpkpmtkyf t&G,f jzpfjyD; 2006 ckESpfupí urÇmhaps;uGufxJudk a&mufvmcJhw,f/ 'Dvdk
tpm;awG xkwfvkyfMuw,f/ rSwfrdoavmuf tvGefw&mrS ao;i,fvSwJh yxrqHk; xGufay:vmwJh trsKd;tpm;udk
Toshiba ukrP Ü uD Dynabook qdkjyD; yxqHk; awmh microsoft eJY samsung yl;aygif;jyD; project Origami vdkY code
xGufvmw,f/ aemufawmh tjcm;ukrÜPDawG name ay;cJhw,f/ aemufawmh sony wdkY? Gigabyte wdkY? HTC wdkYu
uvnf; 'Dtac:ta0:udk oabmusEpS jf cdKufchJ vdkufxkwfcJhMuw,f/ tJ'DxJuae sony ukrÜPDxkwf UGN- UX 230
MujyD; Laptop udk Notebook qdkwJh tac: P qdkwJh armf',ftrSwfeJY ultimate ultraportable notebook av;udk
ta0:eJY ñTef;qdk xkwfvkyfvmMu&mupjyD; jrefrmjynfaps;uGufxJudk &Sm;&Sm;yg;yg; a&mufvmcJhwm jzpfw,f/
'DvdkyHkpHtrsKd;tpm;awGudk Notebook vdkYyJ vufz0g;wpfzufay:rSm wifxm;jyD; aemufvufwpfzufeJY operate
ac:vdkMuygawmhw,f/ 'Dvdkuae Notebook vkyfapEdkifw,f/ Touchscreen trsKd;tpm;jzpfjyD; styles pen av;eJY
vdkYyJac:ac:? Laptop vdkYyJ ñTef;ñTef; xyf vnf; wGJzuftoHk;jyKEdkifzdkY
qihf trsKd;tpm;awGyGm;jyD; xkwfvkyfvmMu xnfhay;vdkufw,f/ jrefrmjynfu
jyefygw,f/ 'gaMumifh Laptop 'grSr[kwf uGefysLwmtoHk;jyKolawGtwGuf
Notebook qdkwJh uGefysLwmawGudk 0,fawmh auseyfp&mtaumif;qHk;uawmh
r,fqdk&if 0,f,loltaeeJY b,fvdk tqihf Windows XP SP2 eJY tqihf
twef;&SdwJh trsKd;tpm;udk tvdk&Sdw,fqdkwm xnfhxm;wmjzpfw,f/
udk yxrqHk; qHk;jzwf,lMu&w,f/ (tvd&k ydS gu ESC Laptop
'DhtwGuf uGefysLwm*sme,f t,f'Dwm ta&mif;qdik f trSwf 100?
tzGUJ taeeJY &efuek af ps;uGux f rJ mS &Sw
d hJ trsK;d rsK;d Adv
k af tmifausmvf rf;rSmyJ &Edik yf g
&Sdaer,fh uGefysLwmawGxJu tqihftwef; w,f/ aps;EIe;f uawmh 1290000
trsKd;tpm;tvdu k f cGjJ cm;jyD; pdwMf udKufa&G;cs,f usyf jzpfygw,f/)
wifjyay;vdkufygw,f/ tqihftwef; trsKd;
tpm;qdkwJhae&mrSm ultimate ultraportable Processor: Intel Core Solo 1.06 GHz
tqihfupjyD; desktop Replacement tqihf Front Side Bus Speed: 533 MHz
L2 Cach : 2MB
0if Entertainment laptop awGtxd cGJjcm; RAM : 512 MB DDR2
a&G;xkwfay;xm;ovdk wpfywf&pf notebook Hard Drive: 30 GB (4200 rpm)
txd yg0ifrSm jzpfw,f/ 'gayr,fh mid- Screen Display: 4.5" (1024 x 600)
Sound System: Built-in mono-sound speaker (Windows Sound
ranged notebook trsKd;tpm;rSmawmh trSwf System)
wHqyd af wG trsKd;trnf Graphics: Intel Graphics Media Accelerater 950 128 MB (dynamic
awG tao;pdwf tcsuf shared)
Ethernet: 10 Box T, 100 Base T-x
tvufawGeJY rsm;jym; Wireless LAN: Inte PRO/wireless 3945 ABG Network connection
vG e f ; wmrd k Y a&G ; cs,f (802.11 a/b/g)
wif j yrI r S m csef v S y f Battery: Luthniumion
I/o part: Ethernet/ USB 2.0/ head/home microphone/ DC-in.
xm;cJh&ygw,f/ ighv: 1.2 ibs.

68 uGefysLwm*sme,f
 Ultraportable Notebook Toshiba Portege M 800
Processor: Intel Core 2 Duo T 5750 (2.0 GHz)
t&G,ftpm;ao;i,fjyD; tav;csdefuvnf; omref RAM: 1GB DDR2
notebooks awGxuf ayghyg;w,f/ Hard drive: 120 GB
&efukefaps;uGufxJrSm ultraportable qdkwJh Optical drive: DVD R/W
Screen Display: 13.3" WXG4
tqihftwef;eJY a&mif;csaewJh Wireless LAN: 802.11 b/g, 10/100
notebook trsKd;tpm;udk yHkpHESpfrsKd;eJY Extra: Web cam, USB 2.00, Coud Reader BT
awGUjrifEdkifygw,f/ wpfrsKd;u ay:jyLvmjzpfaewJh OS: windows vista home
Intel Core 2 Duo processor udk oHk;xm;jyD; optical (tvd&k ydS gu Lucky bird ta&mif;qdik ef YJ Technoland ta&mif;qdik f
drive yg&Sdw,f/ wpfrsKd;uawmh aemufqHk;ay: Atom tygt0if notebook ta&mif;qdik af wGrmS
processor udk oHk;xm;jyD; optical drive usyaf iG 1ç399ç000 eJY
yg0ifvmjcif;r&Sday/ yxrtrsKd;tpm;uawmh vkyfief; 0,f,&l &SEd ikd yf gw,f/)
tkyfcsKyfolawGtwGuf txl;oihfavsmfrSmjzpfjyD; aemuf
wpfrsKd;uawmh ausmif;om;a&m?
pD;yGm;a&;orm;awGtwGufyg oihfawmfygw,f/
yHkpHESpfrsKd;rSmyg&SdwJh taetxm;
uGmjcm;csufaMumihfvnf; aps;EIef;awGu ESpfqavmuf
uGm[aewm awGU&ygvdrhfr,f/

MSI Wind U 100 Asus Eee PC-901

Processor: 1.6 GHz Atom
Processor: 1.6 GHz Atom
RAM: 1GB DDR2
RAM: 1 GB DDR2
Hard drive: 20 GB
Hard Drive: 80 GB (2.5" SATA)
Screen Display: 8.9" x GA
Screen Display: 10" WSVGA
Wirless LAN: 802.11 b/g/n, 10/100
Wireless LAN: 802.11 b/g WiFi Bluetooth 2.0
Extra: Webcam, USB 2 Card Reader, BT
Extra: Webcam and mic Card Reader, USB 2.0, UGA output
OS: Linux
OS: Windows XP Home
(tvd&k ydS gu Smart Computer ta&mif;qdik ef YJ Technoland (tvd&k ydS gu Golden Power ta&mif; qdik ef YJ Technoland
ta&mif;qdik f tygt0if notebook ta&mif;qdik af wGrmS usyaf iG ta&mif;qdik af wG rSm usyaf iG 720ç000 cefeY YJ 0,f,&l &SEd ikd yf gw,f/)
588ç000 cefeY YJ 0,f,&l &SEd ikd yf gw,f/

pufwifbm? 2008 69
 BUYING
Entertainment Laptops
Desktop wpfckvdk entertainment
feature awGvdk aqmif&Gufay;EdkifjyD;
screen display uvnf;
MuD;rm;wmaMumifh desktop
replacement laptops vdkYvnf;
ac:qdkowfrSwfMuygw,f/ omref
notebook t&G,ftpm;awG
MuD;rm;wmrdkY entertainment
notebook qdkwmxuf entertain-
ment laptops vdkY ac:qdkajymqdkavh
&Sdygw,f/ 'Dvdk tqifhtwef;eJY
Laptops awGxJu &efukef
aps;uGufxJrSm ESpfrsKd;yJ
avmavmq,f awGUjrif&ygw,f/
feature awG jynfhpHkjyD; desktop
wpfckvdkvnf; toHk;jyKEdkifwmaMumihf
owfrSwfa&mif;cswJh aps;EIef;awGu
vnf; MuD;rm;w,fvdkY ajymEdkifyg
vdrhfr,f/ 'gayr,fh &efukefaps;uGuf
xJu 'DESpfrsKd;vHk;u DVD writer
awGeJYom &SdaejyD; Blu-ray drives
yg0ifMuwm rawGU&ay/
wu,fvdkYom Blu-ray ygvmr,f
qdk&if aemuf usyfaiG ESpfodef;
avmuf xyfwdk;oGm;Edkifp&m
taMumif; &Sdygw,f/
NEC P9110-F 2205-DRC
Processor: Intel Core 2 Duo T7500 (2.2 GHz)
RAM: 1GB DDR2
Hard drive: 160 GB SATA
Optical drive: DVD Super Multi-D
Graphics: 256 MB nVidia GEforce 8400 MGS
Screen Display: 17.1" W XGA Super Shine Video
Wireless WLAN: 802.11 b/g,
Extra: 1.3 magapixel webcam, Bluetooth 2.0, SD card Reader, HDML Out, Integrated Gigabit
LAN, Built-in 4 Speaker +Sub woofers, Integrated 1GB Inte Tumbo Memory
OS: Windows Vista Premium
(tvd&k ydS gu KMD ta&mif;qdik rf mS usyaf iG 1ç560ç000 eJY 0,f,l &&SEd ikd yf g w,f/)
72 uGefysLwm*sme,f
Budget Noebooks
omreftqihf uGefysLwm
vkyfief;awGudk vkyfudkifEdkifjyD;
a':vmaiG 570 eJY 750
tMum; wefzdk; owfrSwf
xm;wJh notebooks
trsKd;tpm;awG jzpfw,f/
'Dae&mrSm celeron tqihfawG
udk csefvSyfxm;cJhjyD; Dual
Core tqihfeJY aemufqHk;ay:
Samprom processor
tqihfawGudkom a&G;cs,f,lcJh
HP Parilion dv 9700 ygw,f/ vSyoyf&yfjyD;
toHk;jyKcsifhpzG,f
Processor: Intel Core 2 Duo, T 9300 (2.5 GHz)
RAM: 4 GB
toGifrsKd;vnf; &Sdae&rSm
Hard drive: 250 GB jzpfw,f/
Optical drive: DVD writer Light Scribe
Graphics: 512 + 179 1 MB Nividia Gefore 8600
Screen Display: 17" WXGA
MSI S430
Wireless WLAN: 802.11 b/g/n,
Extra: 1.3 megapixel Webcam, Bluetooth, 2.0 Card
Reader, HDML out, Figer print
OS: Windows Vista Premium SP1
(tvd&k ydS gu taemf&xmvrf;rS RED notebook
ta&mif; qdik rf mS usyaf iG 1ç990ç000 eJY 0,f,l
&&SEd ikd yf gw,f/)
Processor: Semprom 3600+
RAM: 1 GB DDR2
Hard drive: 80 GB
Optical drive: DVD writer
super, Multidrive
Wireless LAN: 802.11 b/g,
Gigabit
Modem: 56k
Screen Display: 14.1
WXGA
Extra: USB.20, Card Reader
webcam
OS: Windows Vista Premiun
(tvd&k ydS gu Smart Computer
ta&mif;qdik rf mS usyaf iG 670ç000
eJY 0,f,&l &SEd ikd yf gw,f)

Toshiba Satellite A 205
Processor: Intel Dual Core (1.6 GHz)
RAM: 1GB DDR2
Hard Drive: 120 GB SATA
Optical drive: DVD double Layer
Wireless LAN: 802.11 b/g
Modem: 56K
Screen Display: 15.4" w x GA
Extra: USB.20, Card Reader
OS: Windows Vista Premium
(tvd&k ydS gu 51 vrf;&Sd Alliance Stars ta&mif;qdik ef YJ
qdyfurf;omvrf;rS UNIQUE ta&mif;qdkifawGrSm
usyaf iG 850ç000 eJY 0,f,&l &SEd ikd yf gw,f)
Acer Extensa 4620z
Processor: Intel Dual Core (1.86 GHz)
RAM: 1 GB DDR2
Hard drive: 120 GB
Optical drive: DVD writer super, Multi drive
Wireless LAN: 802.11 b/g
Modem: 56 K
Screen Display: 14" NX GA
Extra: USB 2.0, Card Reader webcam
OS: Windows Vista Premium
(tvd&k ydS gu qdyuf rf;omvrf;rS UNIQUE ta&mif;
qdik ef YJ taemf&xmvrf;rS RED ta&mif;qdik w
usyaf iG 810ç000 eJY 0,f,&l &SEd ikd yf gw,f/)
Lenovo 3000 G410
Procesor: Intel Dual Core (1.7 GHz)
RAM: 1 GB DDR2
Hard drive: 120 GB
Optical drive: DVD writer super,
Multidrive
Wireless LAN: 802.11 b/g
Modem: 56 K
Screen Display: 14.1"TFT LCD
Extra: USB 2.0, Card Reader
OS: Windows XP Pro
(tvdk&Sdygu qdyfurf;omvrf;rS UNIQUE ta&mif;qdkifwGif usyfaiG 730ç000 eJY
0,f,&l &SEd ikd yf gw,f/)
Compaq V-3811 AU
Processor: Sempom 3800+
RAM: 1 GB DDR2
Hard drive: 80 GB Serial ATA
Optical drive: DVD writer super, drive
Wireless LAN: 802.11 b/g
Modem: 56 K
Screen Display: 14.1" WXGA
Extra: USB 2.0, Card Reader webcam,
Bluetooth
OS: Windows Vista Premium
(tvd&k ydS gu qdyu f rf;omvrf;&Sd FIT Computer ta&mif;qdik rf mS usyaf iG 810ç000 eJY
0,f,&l &SEd ikd yf gw,f)
Dell Vostro 1000
Processor: Sempoo 3400+
f rYkd mS RAM: 1 GB DDR2
Hard drive: 86 GB
Optical drive: Combo drive
Wireless LAN: 802.11 b/g
Modem: 56 K
Screen Display: 15.4" WX GA
Extra: USB.20, Card Reader
webcam
OS: Genium XP Home
(tvdk&Sdygu odrfjzLvrf;&Sd LEO Computer ta&mif;qdkifrSm usyfaiG 650ç000 eJY
0,f,&l &SEd ikd yf gw,f)

pufwifbm? 2008 73
 BUYING

Gaming Notebook Dell XP SMI 710

*drf;upm;vdkolawGtwGuf oD;jcm; Processor: Intel Gore 2 Duo 9930 (3.5/6m/800)
tqihftwef;wpfcktaeeJY RAM: 2G DDR2
Hard drive: 250 G SATA
xkwfvkyfcJhMuw,f/ RAM Optical drive: Blu-ray
tiftm;aumif;&rSm jzpfovdk graphics Graphics: 895MB NiVida 8400
tiftm;aumif;&rSm jzpfw,f/ Labs test Screen Display: 13.3' (1900 x 1200)
Wirless LAN: 802.11 b/g
tñTef;awGrSmvnf; aumif;aerSm Extra: 2 mega pixel webcam Card Reader,
jzpfygw,f/ 'DvdktrsKd;tpm; notebooks Mic, Speaker + woofer, HDMI,
awGtaeeJY a':vmaiG 1700 uae a':vm Figer print, Remote
OS: Gemine Vista Premium
aiG 5000 weftxd &Sdaewwfygw,f/
&efukefaps;uGufxJrSmawmh (tvd&k ydS gu odrjf zLvrf;&Sd Leo Computer ta&mif;qdik ef YJ taemf&xmvrf; RED
aps;EIef;tedrfhqHk;eJYom jrifawGU&onf/ ta&mif;qdik af wGrmS usyaf iG 2ç000ç000 eJY 0,f,l &&SEd ikd yf gw,f)

Used Notebooks
&efukefaps;uGufrSm toHk;jyKxm;jyD; Dell D 400 IAtitu DE
jzpfwJh notebooks awG Processor: Pentium M 1.6 MHz
tajrmuftjrm; &Sdaeygw,f/ 'DtxJrSm RAM: 512 MB
jrefrmjynfrSm vuf&SdtoHk;jyKaeMuwJh Hard drive: 30 GB
Optical drive: Combo
toHk;cs aqmhzf0JawGudk ydkifydkifEdkifEdkif Wireless LAN: 802.11 b
toHk;csEdkifjyD; oyfoyf&yf&yf Modem: 56 K
vSvSyy&SdwJhtjyif bufx&DeJY Extra: USB.20, Card Reader Webcam
OS: Windows XP Home
tenf;qHk; 1 em&DMum toHk;jyKEdkifr,fh
notebooks awGudk a&G;xkwf (tvd&k ydS gu Asia Plaza &Sd Busy Bees ta&mif;qdik rf mS usyaf iG 440ç000 eJY
wifjyxm;ygw,f/ 0,f,&l &SEd ikd yf gonf/)

Toshiba Dynabook Satellite 1860

Processor: Pentium 4 1.7 GHz

RAM: 256 MB
VGA: 32 MB
Hard drive: 30 GB
Optical drive: DVD writer
Wireless LAN: 802.11 b
Modem: 56 K
OS: Windows XP Pro

(tvd&k ydS gu qdyu f rf;omvrf;&Sd Winter Root Computer ta&mif;qdik rf S usyaf iG 485ç000
eJY 0,f,&l &SEd ikd yf gonf/)

74 uGefysLwm*sme,f
 BEAUTIFUL

h vSq;kH Laptop 10 rsK;d

urÇmt

2. ASUS Lamborghini VX 2
Asus &JU lamborghini awG[m
ajymifajrmufwJh pwkdifeJY awmufyrI
&Sdygw,f/ teufa&mif Ausu
av;[m vlwum&JU pdwfESvHk;udk
nd§KUiif zrf;pm;Edkifygw,f/
aps;EIef; - $ 3110
1. MSI M6 77 "Crystal
collection"
emrnfeJY vdkufzufatmifyJ yHkaqmifcJ
tpkta0;uav;wpfckeJY wlvSwJh 'D
laptop udk w½kwf (wdkifay)jyyGJ
wpfckrSm jyocJhwm jzpfygw,f/
jydKifum;av; wpfpD;udk 3. Sony 007 Edition
Munhfae&ovdkrsKd; qGJaqmifrI Vaio Tx series
&Sdygw,f/ Spy gear qkdwJh series udk
aps;EIef; - $ 1799 vaio TX twGJuae xkwf
a0cJhjyD; trSefwu,fvnf;
4. Dell Limited Edition WOW XPS 007 logo eJY aoewf'DZdkif;
M 1710 wdkYudk oHk;pGJxm;jyD; toHk;
jyKoludk udk,fhudk,fukd
Dell uawmh urÇmay:rSm vl pdwft0ifpm;qHk;
*sdrf;pfbGef;tvm; pdwfMuD;
game awGxJu wpfckjzpfwJh war craft 3 eJY
0ifvmapatmif qGJaqmif
udk,fxnfudk tvSqifxm;cJhygw,f/
pnf;½Hk;aeovkd &Sdygw,f/
yxrOD;qHk;pwifa&mif;cswJh wefzkd;rSm 12ç000
aps;EIef; - $ 3900 (+
jzpfcJhjyD; ESpfvHk;a&mif;cscJhjyD;csdefwGif Dell rS aps; digital camera 'cybershot'
avQmhcsay;cJhygw,f/ wHqyd f)
aps;EIef; - $ 6000 (Online rSom a&mif;csonf/)

76 uGefysLwm*sme,f
 5.
6. Acer Ferrari F 5000
Ego Tulip Love Edition
Ferrari 5000 [m pdwv
f yI &f mS ;p&m
Ego [m txl;csKyfvkyfxm;wJh
aumif;wJh tqiftjyif &Sdygw,f/
vufvkyf om;a&udk,fxnfudk
txl;ojzifh cefYnm;wJh toGiftjyif
zHk;tkyfjyD; teDa&mif tonf;ESvHk;vdk
&SdwmaMumifh vkyfief;&SifawGeJY
yHkazmfwnfaqmufxm;ygw,f/
toufMuD;ydkif; yk*d¾KvfawG[m Acer
vufaqmifay;zdkY &nf&, G w
f JholawG
Ferrari twGuf qkd&if aiGay;zdkY
twGuf Tulip Love Edition udk
aemufwGefYaeavh r&Sdygbl;/
zefwD;cJhjcif; jzpfygw,f/
aps;EIef; - $ 3244

8. Hello Kitty Laptop

*syefEkdifiH&JU txif&Sm;qHk;
Zmwfaumif½kyfuav; ][JvkdupfwD}
udk Laptop ay: wifay;vdu k w
f t
hJ cg
csppf &maumif;wJh vlrItoHk;taqmif
ypönf;uav;wpfck jzpfvm&yg
awmhw,f/ aps;EIef; - $ 2100
7. Fujitsu Siemens
AMIPLO (Football club
branded laptop )
Football club wpfck&JU trnfemr
(Amiplo - Pi) udk tpGJjyKjyD; jzefYcsdcJhwJh 9. Dell XPS M2010
Fujitsu &JU Siemens [m tJ'D pE´&m;wpfvHk;udk udk,fha&SUrSm
football toif;&JU 0wfpHkudk laptop csxm;jyD; tEkynmarSmf½Hkawmukd
&JU ukd,fxnfrSm wyfqifxm;jyD; a&muf&Sd vGifh0JoGm;&ovdkrsKd;
tpdrf;tEka&mifeJY tjzLa&mif ,Suf cHpm;&&SdoGm;apEkdifr,fh Dell &JU
ajy; azmfpyfxm;wJh twGuf tvGef xkwfukef XPS pD;&D; jzpfygw,f/
ay:vGifygw,f/aps;EIef; - $ 1900 aps;EIef; - $ 4675

10. NEC Duke

Nukem Laptop
½kwfw&uf Munhfvdkuf&if
Laptop eJY rwlawmhbJ odyHÜ
0w¬KawGxJu wDxGif
ynm&SifawG oHk;pGJxm;wJh
vufqJGtdwf wpfvHk;eJY
awmif ydkjyD; wlaeygw,f/
NEC &JU vuf&myg/
aps;EIef; - $ 1400

pufwifbmv? 2008 77
 F AV O U R I T E

trSefawmh 'Daqmif;yg;&JU acgif;pOf[m

urÇmt
h aumif;qH;k ]laptop 10 rsKd;} vdkY
,m,Day;xm;cJhwmyg/ 'gayr,fh
]urÇmhtaumif;qHk;} qdkwJh
t&nftaoG;udk b,fvdkaywHrsKd;eJY
wdkif;wm&rvJ rodawmhyg/

pdwMf uKd ut
f jzpfq;kH Laptop 10 rsK;d
Shopper eJY PC advisor wdkYvdk xdyfxdyfMuJr*¾Zif;MuD;awG website udk
0ifa&mufMunfh½IrdwJhtcgrSm (olwdkYawG[m udk,fydkif test center awG
wnfaqmufxm;jyD; ay:xGuforQ trsKd;tpm;awGudk pdwf&Snf
vuf&Snf 'dkifcHprf;oyfaejyD; uRrf;usifynm&SifawGvJ tvHktavmuf
&Sdaewwfw,f/) olwdkY&JU pm&if;Z,m;awGudk,fEIdufu uGJvGJaewmudk
awGUcJh&ygw,f/ Oyrmtm;jzifh PC advisor [m Acer udk
taumif;qHk;? tMudKufqHk;vdkY ajymcJhjyD;awmh aemufvusawmh
r[kwfawmhbl;/ Lenovo jzpfoGm;jyD/ aemufjyD; shopper u Sony
[m eHygwf 1 qdkayr,fh Advisor uawmh HP udk trTrf;wifjyefa&m/
'D brand ? 'DtrsKd;tpm;udk ppfaq; rSwfausmufwifwmcsif;
wlawmifrS tjrifeJY &v'fcsif; uGJjym;aejyefw,f/
Blog awG? wjcm; network world, laptop world pwmawGudk
zwf½IvdkufwJhtcgusawmhvJ udk,foef&m? udk,fMudKufwmom
taumif;qHk; jzpfaejyefawmhw,f/
'geJYyJ ] jrefrmhtaumif;qHk; laptop} qdkjyD; pdwful;aemufjyefvSnfhwJh
tcgrsKd;usawmh ydkvdkYawmif ½IyfaxG;cJh&jyefw,f/ International rSm
taumif;qHk;vdkY owfrSwfxm;MuwJh trsKd;tpm;awG[m
uRefawmfwdkYqDudk a&mufrvmwmeJY? r0,f&ao;wmeJY? tJovdk
]eJU}aygif;rsm;pGm MuHKcJh&jyefa&m/

78 uGefysLwm*sme,f
 aemufwpfaMumif;u uRefawmfwYkd
u Laptop wpfjzpfvJ Notebook
'DavmufyJ odwm/ [drk mS u Notebook
xJrSmrS trsKd;tpm; trsm;tjym; xyfcGJ
oGm;ao;w,f/ Desktop replace-
ment (desktop tpm;xdk;) 15 aygif
ywf0ef;usifavmuf&Sdr,f/ Ultrapor-
table laptop (tayghyg;qHk; c&D;aqmif)
3 aygif 0ef;usifavmuf &Sdr,f/ Port-
able desktop (a&TUajymif;EdkifwJh uGef
ysLwm) 7 aygif ywf0ef;usifavmuf
&Sdr,f/ pojzihf uGJjym;w,f/
'g[m uRefawmfwYkd od&oavmuf
erlem oHk;av;rsKd;yg/ 'Dhxuf tao;
pdwaf wG &Sad o;w,f/ qdak wmh uReaf wmf
wd k Y u Laptop &,f v d k Y y J od M uwm
r[kwfvm;? b,ftrsKd;tpm;awGu
pGr;f &nf taumif;qH;k vJ qdw k mudk a&G;zdYk
cufcJvmygawmhw,f/
ajym&r,f q d k & if [d k w avmu
NEC show yGJ vkyfw,f/ tJ'DrSm NEC
notebook ay:udk aygif 100 ywf0ef;
usiaf vmuf &Sw d v
hJ l wufjyw,f/ bmrS
rjzpfbl; BenQ uvnf; taumif;qHk;
t&nf t aoG ; awG u d k presentation
wifqufjyw,f/ tck uRefawmfwYkd a&G;
xm;cJwh thJ xJrmS useaf ecJw
h mawG &Sad o;
w,f / Oyrm gateway, Fujitsu
pojzifhaygh tJawmh uRefawmfxifyg
w,f/
Notebook wd k i f ; rS m ol Y enf ;
olY[efeJY aumif;rGefwJh pGrf;aqmif&nf
&SdMurSmyJvdkY pOf;pm;rdw,f/ oludk,fydkif
enf;ynmudk,fpDeJY &yfwnfMurSmyJvdkY
,lqrdygw,f/ ajym&&if ]um;} Oyrm
av;eJY ajymMunhfcsifygw,f/ (mobile
enf;ynmudu k 'Dvrkd sufpv
d nfapwwf
wJh a&GUvsm;wwfwo hJ abm &Sad eovm;
awmh rodyg/)

pufwifbm? 2008 79
 F AV O U R I T E
]]uRefawmf aAmufpf0uf*Gef;um;
uav; wpfp;D udk tckEpS rf mS 0,fvu kd yf g
w,f/ vGefcJhwJh 25 ESpfavmufuom
uRefawmf 0,fvu kd rf ,fq&kd if uRefawmf
[m &Sm;&Sm;yg;yg; um;pD;EdkifwJh olaX;
awGxJrSm ygaumif; yg0ifoGm;rSmaygh/
'gayr,fh tck ESpfrSmrS 0,fw,f/
bmjzpfovJ...bmrSawmh rjzpfygbl;/
uReaf wmfarmif;vdYk &w,f/ pD;vdYk &w,f/
qDxkwfcsdef xkwfvdkY&w,f/ ysufcsdef
wef&if jyif&r,f/ [kwfjyD? 'gqdk&if
uRefawmfuajymr,f/ ]igh aAmufpf 0uf
*Ge;f um;uuGm...rmpD';D vdv k nf; rxnf
0gbl;...} qdk&if? em;axmifaewJhol
uRefawmfhudk &,frSmaygh/ tajzu &Sif;
&Sif;av;yg/ rmpD'D;um;vdk xnf0gcsif
&if rmpD'D;um;0,fyg/ yg*sJ½dk;vdk awGU
ra&Smif armif;ESifcsif&if yg*sJ½dk;um;udk
0,fyg/ aAmufpf0uf*Gef;um;udk 0,f
xm;jyD;rS rmpD';D um;vdk tif*sifrsKd;? rmpD
'D;um;vdk xnf0grIrsKd;udk vdkcsifaevdkY
awmhjzihf rjzpfEdkifyg/
'gqd&k if uRefawmfwYkd Laptop awG
taMumif;udk qufajymvdkY &jyD xifyg
w,faemf/ tJ'Dawmh laptop &,frS
r[kwfygbl;/ uGefysLwmypönf;rSeforQ
[m tJovdo k abmeJY cyfqifqif wlae
wwfygw,f/ b,f[mrS taumif;qHk;
qdkwm enf;ynmavmurSm r&Sdygbl;/
awmifwpfvHk;xuf aemufxyf awmif
wpfvHk; jrihfw,fqdkwJh pum;vdkygyJ/
tJ'Dtaumif;qHk;qdkwJh ypönf;udk ausmf
jzwfoGm;Edkifr,fh ypönf; ray:vmrcsif;
awmh ol[m taumif;qHk; jzpfaerSmyg
yJ/ ajym&&if vGefcJhwJh 10 ESpfavmufu
'Windows 95' udk taumif;qHk;vdkY
uRefawmfxifcJhMuw,fav/ tckawmh
XP aMumifh '95' qdkwmudk owdawmif
r&awmhbl; r[kwfvm;/
'gaMumifh udk,fbmtwGuf oHk;rSm
vJ/ bmaMumihfoHk;rSmvJqdkwmudk t&if
80 uGefysLwm*sme,f
pOf;pm;jyD;rS 0,f,lr,fqdk&if taumif;
qHk;qdkwJh laptop udk ydkifqdkif&rSmyg/
ausmif;twGuf oHk;rSmvm;/ 'gqdk&if
aygh a ygh y g;yg;eJ Y performance
taumif;pm;av;udk a&G;&rSmaygh/ ½Hk;
twGuf oHk;rSmvm;? 'gqdk&ifawmh aygh
yg;jyD; jrefqefwmudk a&G;oihfwmaygh/
½Id;xkwfvdkYvnf; tqifajyEdkifwmrsKd;
aygh/ *drf;upm;zdkYvm;/ 'gqdk&ifawmh
performance u t"du vdktyfjyD;?
tav;tayghu odyt f a&;rMuD;awmhjyef
bl ; aygh / tJ ' D v d k ud k , f u d k , f w d k i f & J U
vdktyfcsufudk udk,fudk,fwdkif todqHk;
jzpfrSmyg/
tck uRefawmfwdkY a&G;cs,fjyo
vdu k wf hJ trsKd;tpm;awGu uRefawmfwYkd
eJY vufvSrf;rDjyD; wcsKdUqdk&if prf;oyf
oHk;pGJzl;cJhwJh ypönf;awGyg/ uRefawmfwdkY
pdwMf udKut f jzpfcq
hJ ;kH 'grSr[kwf oabm
tuscJhqHk; trsKd;tpm;awGvdkY qdkEdkifyg
w,f/
'DtxJrSmrS tMuHay;csifwm wpfck
uawmh 'used' udk roHk;pGJapcsifygbl;/
Desktop rSm 'used' udk oHk;pGJwm[m
jyóemr&SdvSayr,fh laptop uawmh
jzKwfjyD;om;? vJvS,f jyifqifjyD;om;
ypönf;wpfckudk xyfrH oHk;pGJ&wJhtcgrSm
taumif;qHk;qdkwmxuf tqdk;bufudk
yJ OD;wnfoGm;EdkifwmaMumihfyg/ uRef
awmfh&JUum; OyrmvdkygyJ? Toshiba,
AUSU, BenQ, pwJh laptop awG[m
wefzdk;MuD;w,f/ ypönf; t&nftaoG;
jrihw f ,f/ 'gaMumifh aps;MuD;w,f 'gay
r,fh cifAsm;[m rmpD'D;um;ydkif&SifvdkrsKd;
cHhnm;wJh xnf0grIrsKd;udk &Edkifygw,f/
wu,fvdkY used laptop udkom oHk;pGJ
cJ h r ,f q d k & if ol Y e nf ; ol Y [ ef e J Y a wmh
oufwrf;&Sdao;oa&GU aumif;rGefaeOD;
rSmygyJ/ 'gayr,fh 0ihf0ihf<um;<um;awmh
odyjf zpfrmS r[kwb f ;l / tJovdk tcsed rf sK;d
rSmrS cifAsm;&JU laptop [m wHqdyfcsif;
twlwl igh laptop [m bmawG jzpfae
&wmvJqjkd yD; aomursm; raeapcsiyf g/
tJ'Denf;wl aAmufpf0uf*Gefum;MuD;udk
vnf; cifAsm;udk rpD;apcsifygbl;/
uRef a wmf w d k Y uawmh &S d & S d o rQ
website awGxJudk 0ifa&muf arTaESmuf
jyD; wl&mwl&mav;awG qGx J w
k jf yD; trsK;d
tpm; 11 rsKd;udk azmfjyvdkufygw,f/
TOSHIBA PORTEGE R500
Toshiba uawmh 'highter than
Air' vdkY qdkygw,f/ tvGefayghyg;jyD;
12 vufr (wpfayt&G,f) yJ &SdwJh
twGuf yg;yg;vsvseJY Munfhaumif;vS
ygw,f/ 'gayr,fh omref laptop awGeYJ
rwl xl;jcm;wJh enf;ynmwpfckudk
Toshiba &J U topf x G u f w J h series
awGrSm awGUcJh&ygw,f/
Toshiba &JU Portege [m screen
udk wpfvufrausmf apmif;vSnv hf u
kd v
f Ykd
&ygw,f/ 'g[m odyfaumif;wJh aqmif
&GufcsufwpfckyJ jzpfygw,f/ 1985
ckESpfrSm Toshiba notebook awG pwif
ay:xGe;f vmcJph Oftcsdeu
f wnf;u enf;
ynmtopfawGukd wpfcjk yD;wpfck wifjy
rdwq f ufay;aecJw h m[m tck 'Portege'
rSmawmh Toshiba [m taumif;qH;k pGr;f
 F AV O U R I T E
aqmifEdkifcJhygw,f/ wpfcgwavrSm
laptop pm;yGJay:rSm oHk;pGJae&if; pm;yGJ
eH&aH y:rSm&Sw d hJ pifwpfcu k kd vufvrS ;f csif
wJhtcgrSm laptop screen [m axmif
vsufom; jzpfaewJhtwGuf 'ku©rsm;
Edkifygw,f/ 'Dae&mrSm tckvdk &GJUapmif;
EdkifwJh screen rsKd;[m toHk;0ifvmrSm
yg/ 'g[m rdwfquftqihfyJ &Sdygao;
w,f/
wu,fh oHk;pGJxm;wJh Toshiba
Portege &JU enf;ynm tppftrSef[m
'Easy Guard' vdYk qdy k gw,f/ qdyk gawmh
Laptop tawmfrsm;rsm;[m 'finger-
print' enf;ynmudk oH;k pGjJ yD; vufacsmif;
vufaAG&meJY vHjk cHKa&;udk xde;f xm;vsuf
&Sdygw,f/ pOf;pm;p&mwpfck &Sdwm[m
wpfpHkwpfa,mufu vufacsmif;awGudk
toHk;rjyKEdkifawmhwJhtcgrsKd;rSm b,fvdk
oH k ; pG J r vJ q d k w mud k Toshiba uae
zefwD;xm;wJh 'Easy Guard' enf;ynm
tkyfpkxJrSm yg0ifwJh 'smart face' tech-
nology eJY ajz&Sif;xm;ygw,f/
tvGeftoHk;0ifjyD; vHkjcHKa&; jynfh0
wJ h 'smart face' technology [m
vlwpfa,muf&UJ uGeyf sLwm ydik q f ikd rf u
I kd
tJ'Dvl&JU rsufESmeJY rSwfom;xm;Edkifyg
w,f/ Built-in ygvmwJh 'smart face'
y½dk*&rfuav;udk run jyD; udk,fh&JU
rsuf E S m tus (b,f ? nm? tay:?
atmuf) udk Laptop uae rSwfrdae
atmif avhusifhay;aeygvdrhfr,f/ wpf
rdepfavmuf MumjrihfjyD; udk,fh&JU rsufESm
udk Laptop u rSwfrdoGm;jyDqdk&ifawmh
bmrQ vkyfp&mrvdkbJ uGefysLwm ydwf
vdkufvdkY &ygjyD/ jyD;&if MudKufwJhvl wpf
a,mufudk laptop ay;vdkufyg/ tJ'Dvl
MudK;pm;ygap/ b,fvdkrS zGihfvdkY r&ap&
ygbl;/ udk,fudk,fwdkifawmifrS tcke
rSwfom;xm;wJh rsufESmrSm jcpf&mvdkrsKd;
av; pGef;xif;oGm;r,fqdk&if tenf;
i,f MudK;pm;&r,fhudpö jzpfygw,f/
84 uGefysLwm*sme,f
½kyf&SifawG? AD'D,dkawGxJrSmom
jrifcJh&jyD; jyifyurÇmudk a&mufvmEdkifzdkY
cJ,Of;aeao;w,fvdkY ,lqxm;cJhrdwJh
vl&JU rsufESmjyifeJY password rSwfom;
jcif;qdkwJh enf;ynmudk Toshiba u
Portege rS m pwif rd w f q uf a y;
vdkufygjyD/
R500 rSmawmh 12 Ghz udk
core 2 Duo eJYom wGJzuf
oHk;pGJxm;ao;wJhtwGuf
CPU tenf;i,f tm;
aysmhaeao;ayr,fh
aemuf x yf pD ; &D ;
awG[m 2 + awG oHk;pGJ
vmEdkifygw,f/ tifwmeuf
qufoG,fa&;twGuf bluetooth
USB port, firewire eJY wjcm; &Sdoihf
&SdxdkufwJh ypönf;wefqmyvmawG tpHk
tvif yg0ifjyD; hard ware spec awG
[m ao;i,fvGef;w,fvdkY qdkcsif&if
awmifrS Easy Guard enf;ynmaMumifh
oHk;pGJolawG tMudKufawGUMurSmyg/
cH E d k i f & nf y rmP twd k i f ; twm
avmuftxd vGwu f sw'hJ Pfukd cHEikd &f nf
&Sdwm? prf;oyfrIawGrSm aumfzDt&nf
zdwpf Ofwm? txufatmuf zdny§ w f mudk
cHEdkifpGrf;&Sdwm tJ'Dvdk t&nftaoG;awG
eJYtwl 'fingerprint', 'smart face se-
curity', 'omref password security
online register, 0&efwDumv wdk;jr§ihf
ay;rI &SdwmawGaMumifh Toshiba &JU
portege udk pdwfMudKuftawGUqHk; jzpf&
ygw,f/
BENQ.X31
txl tyg;udk Munfhr,fvm;/
Macbook Air avmuf y J &S d w ,f /
cJzsufwpfwHk;avmufyJ/ wpfvufryJ
&Sw
d ,f/ 'gayr,fh Macbook Air vdrk sKd;
MuyfMuyfwnf;wnf; xnfhoGif;xm;&
wJh [efyefr&Sdbl;/ 'gudku Ultra Slim
Design vdkY ac:qdk
ygw,f/
axmihfjzwf
wdkif;wmvdkuf
&if 13 'or
3 vufr&SdwJh
display [m
LED enf ;
ynmaMumihf <um;<um;0ih0f ihf
eJY pdkvuf&Tef;yaeygw,f/ BenQ &JU
wjcm; wjcm;aom Notebook awGvdk
ygyJ/ 8600M GT nvidia trsK;d tpm;udk
oH;k pGx
J m;wJt h wGuf taumif;qH;k yHx k u
G f
t&nftaoG;udk &&SdapjyD; yg0g pm;oHk;
rIudk wwfEdkiforQ avQmhcsxm;zdkY MuH
aqmifxm;ygw,f/
HDMI digital output yg0ifwJh
twGuf wDADG pu&ifqDudk wdkuf½dkuf
ul;ajymif; csdwfqufvdkY &Edkifygw,f/
Slot Loading optical drive yg&SdjyD;
media hotkey udk oHk;pGJxm;ygw,f/
hotkey qdkwm[m Keyboard &JU bar
ay:rSm ta&mifajy; rD;vHk;uav;awGeJY
media player wpfckck laptop xJrSm
touf0if vIyf&Sm;aewmudk oauFw
jyoay;wmrsKd;yg/
vHkjcHKa&;taeeJY Finger Print
Sensor eJY wm;jrpfxm;jyD; rormrIawG
udk umuG,fay;ygw,f/ VOIP awG
twGuf 0.3 megapixel t&nftaoG;
&SdwJh webcam wpfck tqifoihf yg&Sdyg
w,f/ x31 [m 2007 ckESpfrSm red dot
design qk &&SdcJhwJh 341 xufawmif
vSyjyD; cHhnm;ygao;w,f/ ½Hk;t&m&Sd
awGeJY ukrÜPDvlMuD;awGuawmh wnf
jidrfjyD; usufoa&&SdwJh tndKa&mifav;
udk a&G;cs,fjzpfMur,f xifyg&JU/
1.6 Ghz processor udk oHk;pGJxm;
jyD; memory 4Gb eJY vdkufzufnDwJh
proformance aumif;aumif;udk cHpm;
Edik yf gw,f/ Intel Pm965 chip set udyk J
oHk;pGJxm;jyD; HDD uawmh 250 GB
ay;tyfxm;ygw,f/ Intel &JU core 2
Duo Nxidia GeForce 8600 MT udy k J
wjcm; performance aumif;wJh lap-
top awGenf;wl oHk;pGJxm;ygw,f/
56 k rdk',fwpfckyg0ifjyD; 100
Mbps EIef;eJY tifwmeufudk csdwfquf
Edkifygw,f/ 6Core Lithium bufx&D
awGudk oHk;pGJxm;jyD; 3 em&Dtxd txd
tcdkuf twdrf;tapmif;r&SdbJ toHk;cHyg
w,f/ built-in drive r&Sw d mav; wpfck
uvJGjyD; benQ [m xdyfwef;tqifh
laptop awGudk qufvuf xkwfvkyfae
wkef;yJqdkwm[m oHo,yGm;p&m r&Sdyg
bl;/ tJ'DtxJrSmrS x 31 [m wu,f
tvkyfrsm;jyD; performance aumif;
aumif ; vd k t yf w J h vl a wG t wG u f
oihfawmfygw,f/
NEC VERSA RANGE
Windows Vista
business ver
sion xnf h
oG i f ; ay;xm;
wJh versa Range
eJYwif laptop oH;k pGo
J l
awG&JU tonf;ESvHk;udk
NEC u odrf;MuHK; ,lvdkuf
ovdk &Sdygw,f/
14 'or 1 vufr
screen display [m
awmufyvGe;f wJ[ h ef &Sd
jyD; series eHygwf
tvdkuf xkwfvkyf
xm;wJh screen tMuD; tao; &Sdyg
w,f/
NEC &JU txl; ESpfjcdKufrdwmu
awmh oHk;& vG,fulwmygyJ/ 'gaMumifh
'first time buyer' awGudk,fwdkif NEC
udk a&G;cs,zf Ykd rsm;vmEdik yf gw,f/ aemuf
wpfcsuf '12' cell bufx&Dukd oH;k pGx J m;
wJhtwGuf 7 em&D tedrfhqHk; MumjrihfpGm
toHk;cHygw,f/
vHkjcHKa&;twGufuawmh hard-
ware protection enf ; ynmawG u d k
aygif;pyfum oHk;pGJxm;jyD; 'ECO' qdkwJh
button udk topf zefwD;ay;xm;jyD;
tJ'D button uaewpfqihf bufx&D
yrmPudk 20 &mcdkifEIef; wdk;yGm;apjyD;
tavtvGihfjzpfrIudk avsmhenf;apyg
w,f/ 2.6 kg om &Sw d t hJ wGuf 5 aygifcJG
qdwk hJ twdik ;f twm pD;yGm;a&;vkyif ef;&Sif
awG t wG u f 0ef x k y f 0 ef y d k ; jzpf a pwJ h
tav;csdef r[kwfyg/ numeric key-
board &Sdjcif;tm;jzifhvnf; pm&if;udkif
awGeYJ pma&;pmcsDawG oihaf wmfygw,f/
NEC [m versa udk pD;&D;trsKd;rsKd;
eJY xkwfa0jyD; Autonomy vdkYac:wJh
udk,fydkifenf;ynm oHk;pGJxm;ygw,f/
presentation jyorI a wG t & NEC
notebook awG a y:ud k aygif 100
tav;csdefudk wufa&mufapjyD; zdtm;
'Pf cHEdkif&nf&SdorQudk jyoEdkifcJhw,f/
'g[m uGJjym;jcm;em;wJh yHkoP²mef
topfwpfckjzpfcJhjyD; 's' series 5970
rSmawmh Intel &JU centrino Pro enf;
ynm oHk;pGJjyD; pD;yGm;a&; vkyfief;orm;
awGtwGuf txl;&nf&, G cf w
hJ ,f/ yg0if
wJh core2 Duo processor udk 667
mhz DDR2 SDRAM 512 mb eJY
oHk;pGJxm;ygw,f/ RAM enf;yg;vS
wm wpfckudkawmh tjypfajymp&m&Sdyg
w,f/ wjcm; optical device awG
taeeJYuawmh auseyfp&myg/
Combo Drive tjyif Double
Layer writer yg&Sdygw,f/ Bluetooth
2.0 eJY wireless LAN wdkYudk internet
oHk;pGJr,fholawGtwGuf txl; zefwD;
ay;xm;ojzihf '6' cell bufx&Dudk
xnfhoGif;ay;xm;wJhtwGuf tedrhfqHk;
6 em&D tvkyfvkyfEdkifjyD; optical bat-
tery taeeJYuawmh '12' cell bufx&D
xyfaqmif; aygif;xnfhEdkifygw,f/ 80
GB tajccHxm;jyD; SATA enf;ynmudk
oHk;pGJxm;ygw,f/
Versa pD;&D;awG[m yg;yg;vsvseJY
ayghyg;wmudk MudKufwv hJ tl wGuf rsufpd
uscsifp&myg/
SONY VAIO VGN TZ 295N
Sony &JU vaio pD;&D;awG[m urÇm
wpfvmT ;rSm emrnfMuD;vSygw,f/ txl;
ojzihfawmh LED pGrf;tifoHk;xm;wJh
rsufESmjyif[m tvGefawmufyrI &Sdyg
w,f/ ½IaxmihftrsKd;rsKd;uae ajymif;vJ
Munfh½Ir,fqdk&ifawmif resolution
edrhfusoGm;rIr&SdbJ jrifuGif;[m Munf
vifjywfom;aeygw,f/
tdrfcGHyg;yg;? uD;bkwfyg;yg; oHk;pGJ
xm;jyD; bufx&DtoHk;cHrIuvnf; 3
em&DcGJausmf Mumjrifhygw,f/ Hard
pufwifbm? 2008 85
 F AV O U R I T E
Drive udk 200 GB oHk;pGJxm;jyD; xl;xl;
jcm;jcm;taeeJY blue-ray Disk Drive
udk xnfhoGif;xm;ygw,f/ Sony &JU
udk,fydkif enf;ynmjzpfwJh Xbrite Hi-
color high-contrast udk oHk;pGJxm;wJh
twGuf screen jrifuiG ;f udk awmufypGm
jrifae&jcif; jzpfygw,f/ tav;csdef 2
aygifcGJ aysmhaysmhyJ&SdjyD; screen size u
awmh 11 vufryg/
tzGihftydwfvkyfEdkifwJh wireless
wpfck yg0ifygw,f/ ayghayghyg;yg;eJY
enf;ynmaumif;aumif; oH;k pJcG sio f al wG
twGuf Vaio pD;&D;awG[m oihfawmfyg
w,f/ wpfc&k w dS mu ud, k x
f nfukd ao;
i,fatmif vkyf&vGef;wJhtwGuf Key-
board uD;awG[m tvGefyg;vTmjyD;
ao;i,foGm;ygw,f/ ESdyf&wm tpydkif;
rSm roGufvufEdkifygbl;/ 'DZdkif;qef;
qef;uav;awGeJY wnfaqmufxm;jyD;
ausmif;om;vli,fawG tMudKuf awGUEdik f
ygw,f/
ASUS U2E
Asus &JU laptop awG taMumif;
86 uGefysLwm*sme,f
ajymawmhr,fqdk&if G-series udk csef
vSyfxm;vdkY oihfawmfyghrvm;qdkwmudk
cPcP awG;rdygw,f/ *&yfzpf 'DZdkif;
orm;awGeJY *drfrmawGtwGuf tvGef
aumif;rGefwJh pGrf;&nfawGeJY G-series
awGudk wnfaqmufxm;ygw,f/
tck U2E uawmh omref ayghaygh
yg;yg;eJY c&D;oGm;[efvTJ tvkyfvkyfvdk
olawGtwGuf jzpfwmaMumifh G pD;&D;
awGvkd taumif;qH;k pGr;f &nf &rSmr[kwf
ayr,fh pwdkifusjyD; Mum&SnftoHk;jyKEdkif
wJhtwGuf c&D;rMumcP oGm;vmae&
wJh vlawGtwGuf oihfhavsmfygw,f/
tav;csd e f u vnf ; 2 aygif c G J
avmufom &Syd gw,f/ bufx&D ESpv f ;kH
ud k oH k ; pG J x m;wm[m xl ; jcm;rI y g/
'gaMumifh 7 em&DcefY toHk;cHygw,f/
wjcm; note awGxuf ESpfq? oHk;q
ydkjyD; toHk;cHwJh Mumjrihfcsdefjzpfygw,f/
wjcm; xl ; jcm;wmav;awG u awmh
Leather eJY rsufESmjyifudk zHk;tkyfxm;wJh
twGuf vGwu f svQif txdu k tf avsmuf
'PfcHEdkifygr,f/ 1.3 mega pixel &SdwJh
webcam eJY bluetooth yg0ifwt hJ wGuf
tifwmeufuae pD;yGm;a&;vkyfief;awG
udkyg vkyfudkifEdkifygw,f/
ASUS U2E
>>
vHkjcHKa&;u@rSmuawmh finger-
print udk oHk;pGJxm;jyD; wDAGD screen udk
qufoG,fEdkifwJh HDMI port yg&Sdyg
w,f/ Mouse button udk touchpad
&JU atmufajcrSm ae&mcsxm;jyD; uD;
bkwf uD;av;awG tenf;i,f ao;i,f
aeygw,f/ 1366 x 768 pixel resolu-
tion &SdwJh jrifuGif;us,f screen jyifu
vJ xl;xl;jcm;jcm; aumif;rGev f yS gw,f/
MSI WIND SERIES
SATA enf;ynmeJY Atom proc-
essor oH;k pGx J m;wJh wind [m c&D;aqmif
laptop awGxr J mS tvGeaf yghyg;ygw,f/
tav;csdefu 2 aygifcGJavmufyJ &SdjyD;
macbook Air eJY ,SOfjyD; ajym&r,f
qdk&if bufx&D oufwrf;[m Mac-
book xuf 2 em&Dausmf oufwrf;
yd k & S n f y gw,f / Macbook Air &J U
bufx&Doufwrf;[m 2 em&DcJGomom
avmufyJ toHk;cHwJhtcsdefrSm 5 em&D
ausmf oHk;pGJwmudk cHEdkif&nf&SdwJh MSI
wind udkvnf; pdwfMudKufjzpfrdygw,f/
'ghtjyifrmS uReaf wmfwYkd tMudKuftawGU
cJhqHk;uawmh Intel &JU Atom enf;ynm
udk oHk;pGJxm;wmyJ/ Atom qdkwm[m
 F AV O U R I T E
CPU udk yg0gpm; oufomatmif? pGrf;
tif tavhtusihfr&Sdatmif &nf&G,fjyD;
xkwfvkyfcJhwJh Intel &JU laptop awG
twGuf oD;oefY processor vdkYawmif
qd k E d k i f y gw,f / t&G , f t pm;u 10
vufryJ &SdwmaMumifh omrefuD;bkwf
awGxuf tenf;i,fao;ygw,f/ tjrJ
wrf; c&D;oGm;vmae&wJh ½Hk;orm;awGeJY
oihfawmfjyD; oGm;&if;vm&if;eJY tifwm
euf toH;k jyKvdo k al wGtwGuf wireless
access vkyfEdkifwJh bluetooth yg&Sdyg
w,f/ Online uae tpnf;ta0; vkyf
r,fq&kd ifawmif '1.3 megapixel' t&nf
taoG;&SdwJh web camera av; wpfck
xnfo h iG ;f xm;ygao;w,f/ Hard disk
yrmPenf;wmudk (80GB) tjypfqv
&Edkifayr,fh oleJYvdkufzufr,fh 1G
DDR2 rSwÓ f Pfukd oH;k pGx
J m;wJt
yrmP enf;yg;ayr,fh jrefjrefqefqefeYJ
uGeyf sLwmtoH;k jyKvdo k al wGtwGuaf wmh
oihfawmfygw,f/
'ghtjyifrSm window XP home
version udk built-in xnfo h iG ;f ay;xm;
ygw,f/ tJ'Dvdk OS awGudk xnfhoGif;
ay;xm;wJhtwGuf tifwmeufuae
wpfqihf XP &JU update zdik af wGukd vG,f
vihfwul &,lEdkifygw,f/ tifwmeuf
88 uGefysLwm*sme,f
oH k ; pG J w wf w J h c&D ; onf a wG t wG u f
wrif zefwD;xm;ovm;vdkYawmif xif
a,mifxifrSm; jzpfcsifp&myg/ Wind
qdw k m[m 'Wi-Fi Network Device' udk
twdkaumuf oHk;pGJxm;wmyg/ Note-
book vdkY rac:bJ 'netbook' vdkYawmif
ac:qdkvmMu&wJhtxd pGrf;ygw,f/
MSI &JU G series awGeYJ PR pD;&D;awGu
awmh oHk;pGJolawGodjyD; MudKufjyD; jzpfMu
rSmyg/ w½kwf (wdkifay) rSm jyKvkyfcJhwJh
enf;ynmjyyJMG uD;rSm GX 620 [m Note
book awGxJrSm taumif;qHk;qk&jyD;
AdkvfpGJcJhygw,f/ tJ'Dvdk qef;opfwJh
tawG;tac:rsKd;eJY xufjrufwJh aygif;
pyfrI enf;ynmawG &Sdxm;MuwJh MSI
&JU wind [m wjcm;xkwu f ek af wGvkd pGr;f
&nfjynfh0jyD; txl;ojzifh ausmif;om;
vli,fawGtwGuf txl;oihfawmfyg
w,f/
HP PAVILION HDX (PAVILION
SERIES)
HP &J U pavilion pD ; &D ; awG [ m
graphic orm;awG? *drf;orm;awGeJY
azsmfajza&;vkyfief;twGuf txl; wnf
aqmufxm;w,fvdkYawmif qdkEdkifyg
w,f/ Oyrmtm;jzifh HP pavilion DV
6500 T [m qdk&if 6 aygifcGJyJ &SdjyD;
kd Ykd
h wGuf
vista home version udk run ay;xm;
ygw,f/ Media center awGtwGuf
<u,f0wJh vkyfaqmifcsufawG yg0ifyg
w,f/
tck HDX uawmhjzifh tjypf
qdck sipf &m wpfcyk J &Syd gw,f/ 15 aygifcJG
txd av;vHvSwJhtwGuf portable
desktop qd k w mxuf desktop re-
placement udk t"duxm;jyD; wnf
aqmufcyhJ kH &ygw,f/ rsuEf mS jyif vufr
20 &Sw d maMumihf ud, k v f t kd yfwhJ graphic
t&nf t aoG ; awG t wG u f y J jzpf a p?
rD'D,m cHpm;rIawGtwGufyJjzpfap? pdwf
wdkif;us vkyfaqmifEdkifygw,f/ 'gay
r,fh bufx&DoHk;pGJwm[m wm&SnfrcH
ygbl;/ 2 em&DpGef;pGef;yJ &Sdwm[m &Sdoihf
wJh bufx&DMumjrihcf sed x f uf avsmeh nf;
aeygw,f/ DV 6500T rSmwkef;u 3
em&DcJG MumjrihfcJhygw,f/
Pavilion udk oabmusMur,fh
t"dutcsufuawmh 'multiple pass-
word' awGukd arhypfvu kd yf gvdYk qdx
k m;yg
w,f/ toHk;jyKol&JU vufacsmif;awGeJY
zGihfrSom yGihfvmEdkifr,fh vHkjcHKa&;enf;
ynmudk vlwdkif; tMudKufawGUMurSmyg/
'finger print security' udk oHk;pGJxm;jyD;
tu,fí udk,fh&JU vufacsmif;awGudk
toHk;rjyKEdkifawmh&if online website
 F AV O U R I T E
uae jyefvnf u,fq,fay;r,fh do-
cument awGudk wnfaqmufxm;vdkY
&Edkifygw,f/
yef;csDtEkynm&SifawGeJY rmvfwD
rD'D,m jyKvkyfolawG? 'DZdkif;orm;awG
oabmusapr,fh aemufwpfcsufu
'Quick play' uGefx½dk; jzpfygw,f/
cvkww f pfcsuf ESyd vf u kd ½f ekH YJ start menu
zGihfvmr,fh 'window' key vdkrsKd;yg/
cvkwfuav; qwfceJ ESdyfvdkufwmeJY
rD',D m y½d*k &rfawGxu J kd wef;jyD; a&muf
oGm;apEdkifygw,f/ 2.4 Ghz udk intel
core 2 Duo eJY oHk;pGJxm;jyD; RAM
vnf; 4Gb wyfqifay;xm;ygw,f/
AD'D,dktydkif;omrubJ Audio ydkif;
twGufyg txl;jyifqifxm;cJhygw,f/
Speaker av;vHk; wyfqifay;xm;wJh
twGuf Munfvifjywfom;wJh toHrsKd;
udk &&Sdygvdrhfr,f/ '&uf*lvm ½kyf&Sif
vdkrsKd;udk HDX eJY Munfh½Ir,fqdk&if
udk,fudk,fwdkif ajczsm;? vufzsm;awG
at;pufvm&rSmjzpfwJhtxd rD'D,m
yhHydk;rI tm;aumif;ygw,f/ *drf; aqmh
upm;vd k o l a wG t wG u f external
speaker awG wyfqifEdkifzdkY rear-au-
dio-out-port yg&Sdygw,f/
HDX &JU odkavSmifEdkifpGrf;udkawmh
100 Gb yJ ay;tyfxm;ayr,fh wyfqif
xm;wJh eSATA port aMumihf external
drive awGukd oH;k pGE J ikd rf mS yg/ wDADG Munf½h I
vdkvQifvnf; tqifajy vG,fulEdkifjyD;
pGrf;aqmif&nf jynfh0vGef;wJhtwGuf
tenf;i,f av;vHrI &Sdwmudk oif
udk,fwdkif *½kpdkufjzpfawmhrSm r[kwfyg
bl;/
LENOVO THINKPAD X300
Macbook Air xuf 0.4 aygifyJ
avsmhenf;jyD; 3.4 aygif (txl 1 vufr
ausmf) yJ&SdwJh Thinkpad uawmh x300
jzpfygw,f/
90 uGefysLwm*sme,f
Thinkpad pD;&D;awG[m oHk;pGJ&
vG,fulwm&,f? o,faqmif& vG,ful
wmawG&,faMumifh vlMudKufrsm;vsuf
&Sdygw,f/ X300 [mvnf; Thinkpad
pD;&D;awG&JU t&nftaoG;&Sdol jzpfyg
w,f/ 13 vufr display &SdjyD; reso-
lution jrihrf m;ygw,f/ 1440 x 900 pixel
oH;k pGx
J m;ygw,f/ 'ghtjyifrmS x 300 [m
solid state drive udk pwif ajcvSrf;
cgp Notebook jzpfwmrdkY 64 Gb yJ
&Sad o;ayr,fh SSD awG&UJ t&nftaoG;
udk wdkuf½dkuf&&SdEdkifrSmyg/ keyboard
ay:udk aumfzD ('grSr[kwf) a&vkdrsKd;
t&nfawG zdwfpOfwm cHEdkifatmifqdkjyD;
umAGefzdkifbmawG oHk;pGJjyD; tjyifcGHudk
zHk;tkyfxm;ygw,f/ Keyboard key
awG[m yHrk eS t f &G,t
f pm;jzpfjyD; 'touch-
pad' qdkwJh key uav;wpfck ydkvmyg
w,f/
1.2 Ghz core 2Duo 17 100 proc-
essor oH k ; pG J x m;ygjyD / 2Gb Ram
wyfqifxm;ygw,f/ bufx&D ouf
wrf;u 4 em&Dausmf toHk;cHygw,f/
cJwaH emufbufu cJzsuaf v;udk qifwl
wJh pointing stick uav; yg0ifyg
w,f/ tifwmeuf oHk;pGJwJhtcgrSm
tqifajyapzdkYudkyJ txl; &nf&G,fxm;
ygw,f/
'DZdkif;yHkpHaumif;jyD; oGm;av&mudk
Laptop uav; o,faqmifoGm;vdk
olawGtwGuf tqifajyygw,f/ Mac-
book Air vdk puúLvdkyJ ayghyg;jyD; do-
cument awG wnfaqmufvdkwJh vli,f
awGeJY txl; oihfavsmfvSygw,f/
DELL INSPIRSON 1720
Dell [m XPS pD;&D;udk c&D;aqmif
twGuf xkwfa0ygw,f/ ATG pD;&D;
awGuawmh solid state drive awGudk
oHk;pGJjyD; tck Inspirson uawmh omref
HDD udkyJ oHk;pGJxm;ayr,fh desktop
replacement twGufa&m portable
twGufa&m oihfavsmfygw,f/
c&D;aqmif laptop udkom oHk;EIef;
&wm wu,fwrf;ajym&&if Dell [m
owåKtrmpm;udk oHk;pGJxm;yHk &ygw,f/
'gaMumifh wpfzufuMunfh&if av;ae
wwfw,f/ wpfzufuMunfh&ifawmh
rmw,f/ tMurf;cHw,f/ tck Inspir-
son 1720 [mvnf; 8 aygifcGJ &SdwJh
twGuf rqdpk avmufuav; av;vHae
ayr,fh tvGefaumif;rGefwJh pGrf;&nf &Sd
ygw,f/ txl;ojzifh pGr;f aqmif&nfyikd ;f
rSm multimedia bufjcrf;udk tm;jyK
wnfaqmufxm;wJhtwGuf yHkxGuf
Munfvifjywfom;rI? toHydkif;qdkif&m
ajyjypfraI wGrmS ud, k hf PC udk ta0; vTifh
ypfcsifpdwfay:avmufatmifudk xuf
jrufygw,f/
Keyboard t&G , f t pm;ud k
qdkufjynfhoHk;xm;jyD; numeric pad udk
oD ; jcm;cG J x k w f x m;wm[m tawmf
xl;qef;ygw,f/ 17 vufr screen
eJY wGJzufvdkufwJhtcgrSmawmh desktop
 F AV O U R I T E
wpfvHk;vdkY ajymvdkY&atmifudk us,f0ef;
oGm;oa,mif xif&ygawmhw,f/ 2Ghz
CPU udk core 2 Duo Processor eJY
Run xm;ygw,f/ 2Gb yrmP Ram
wyfqifxm;jyD; 8600 M Geforce
*&yfzpfuwf oHk;pJGxm;wJhtwGuf 'DZdkif;
vkyfief;awG vkyfaqmifae&if; RPG
tqihjf rihjf rihf *dr;f awGukd aqmhupm;csif
&ifvnf; tqifajyygw,f/
bufx&DoHk;pGJEdkifrIudk Munfhr,f
qd k & if 3 em&D c G J o mom &S d w J h t jyif
toHydkif;qdkif&m? ½kyfydkif;qdkif&m ajyp&m
r&Sdatmifudk jyifqifxm;ygw,f/ 'DAD'D?
ADp'D ?D ½ky&f iS ?f *Dw? azsmfajza&; tEkynm
vkyif ef;rSeo f rQ jyKvkyEf ikd w
f ,fvYkdawmif
0ihf<um;xm;ygao;w,f/ oHk;pGJxm;wJh
screen uvnf; awmufyMunfvifjyD;
ta&miftaoG; pdkjynfygw,f/ ½Hk;Xme
MuD;awGrSm wm0ef,l&wJh t&m&SdawG
tzdkYawmh tMudKufawGUcsifp&m Dell &JU
package udk wnfjidrfcHhnm;wJh tqif
tjyifeJYom wnfaqmufxm;ygw,f/
Multimedia ydkif; txl;aumif;rGefwm
udk vdkcsif&ifawmh Dell udk a&G;cs,fEdkif
ygw,f/
APPLE MACBOOK PRO
Apple &JU Zmwmpef;v*f wufwJh
tcsdefvdkYyJ ajym&r,f xifygw,f/ PC
word, PC advisor, shopper pwJh
txifu& emrnfausmf r*¾Zif;MuD;wdik ;f
92 uGefysLwm*sme,f
vdkvdku Macbook Pro udk axmufcH
csufay;jyD; oHk;pGJoihfwJh laptop awGxJ
rSm wpfcktygt0if jzpfw,fvdkY vufcH
xm;Muygw,f/
udk,fudk,fwdkif Apple orm;jzpfrS
&,fvdkY r[kwfygbl;/ Windows orm;
&JU Macbook Pro udkoHk;pGJEdkifygw,f/
OS ESpc f pk vH;k udv
k nf; Run Edik yf gw,f/
Windows eJY Mac eJYMum;xJrSm &SdwJh
jcm;em;rIawGudk ½dkufcsKd;zsufcJhwJh Lap-
top rsKd;vdkYawmif ajymvdkY&ygw,f/
rD;a&mifprkH ;D uav;awGeYJ vSyaewJh
17 vufr Macbook Pro [m yg;yg;
vsvs &Sdayr,fh 'layemay cHEdkif
&nf &Sdygw,f/ 4Gb RAM udk
intel core 2 Duo 2.4 Ghz eJY
wGJzuf armif;ESifxm; ygw,f/
nVidia Geforce 8600 MGT
*&yfzpfuwfudk oHk;pGJxm;jyD;
160 GB odkavSmifEdkifygw,f/
Window OS udkyJ built-in
xnf h o G i f ; ay;xm;jyD ;
tawmftoihf av;vH
r,fvdkY xif&wJh Mac-
book Pro [m wpfvufrtxlyJ &SdwJh
twGuf 6 aygifcGJavmufyJ av;yg
w,f/ 17 vufr oHk;pGJwJh Notebook
awG? Laptop awG b,fvdkrS rrDEdkifwJh
ayghyg;rIrsKd; jzpfygw,f/ c&D;a0;oGm;
r,fqdk&ifawmh *&yfzpf'DZdkif;orm;awG
tvGefo,faqmifcsifwJh trsKd;tpm;
wpfck jzpfygvdrhfr,f/
Wireless quf o G , f r I t wG u f
bluetooth eJY 802.11n wi-fi pepfyg&Sjd yD;
tifwmeufqufoG,frIawGudk tvG,f
wul jyKvkyfEdkifapr,fh taxmuftyHh
awG yg&Sdygw,f/ 'gayr,fh bufx&D
ydkif; qdkif&mrSm tenf;i,f cRwfacsmf
wwf w J h apple xk w f u k e f a wG v d k y J
bufx&Doufwrf;[m 2 em&DcaJG vmuf
om Mum&SnfcHcJhygw,f/ 'ghtjyifrSm
USB port oHk;ayguf yg0ifayr,fh me-
mory card port wpfckrQ ryg&SdcJhygbl;/
'gayr,fh ½kwfw&ufrSm c&D;oGm;
vmae&if; video conferencing vkyf
csifwJh tcgrsKd;eJY presentation awG
jyocsifwJhtcgrsKd;awGrSmawmh mac-
book pro rSm tvGeftm;omwJh tcsuf
wpfck &Sdygw,f/ Apple &JU Remote
uaejyD; ay 30 tuGmta0;uae ud, k hf
&JU vkyfief;aqmifwmawGudk vkyfaqmif
Edik w
f t
hJ wGuyf gyJ/ AD',
D w
kd nf;jzwfraI wG
twGuv f nf; firewire port ESpcf k yg&Sjd yD;
jrihfrm;wJh t&nftaoG;udk &&SdEdkifapyg
w,f/
Macbook Pro udk wnfaqmufcJh
jyD; aps;uGufxJudk 0ifa&mufcsdefrSm
developer awGu pum;wpfcGef;eJYyJ
rdwfqufay;cJhygw,f/ "for Life on
the road" wJh..../
 (10) Acer Ferrari 5005
Laptops Acer uawmh ueOD;u aps;aygwJh low-and laptops xkwfvkyfol
'DZikd ;f orm;rsm; ukrÜPDtjzpf vlodrsm;w,f/ 'gayr,fh olxkwfwJh Ferrari series laptop
awGuawmh xl;xl;jcm;jcm;udk aumif;aew,f/ 15.4 inch screen eJY
tMudKufqHk; resolution 1680 x 1050 &Sdw,f/ Standard 22 -inch
desktop LCD ,SOfEkdifw,f/ ATI graphics card eJY
2GHz AMD Turion processor wyfqifxm;w,f/
AMD Turion CPU uawmh Intel Core 2 Duo
avmuf rjrefbl;/ aemufwpfcsufu
Ferrari models awG[m jzpfoifhwJh
aps;xuf ydkMuD;aew,f/
Official Homepage: Acer Ferrari 5005
Homepage.

Laptops eJY ywfoufvm&if

vlwpfukd,f tMudKufwpfrsKd;pD
&SdMuw,f/ Folks udk c&D;rsm;rsm;
oGm;wJhvlawGuawmh Asus Eee PC
vdk ultraportable awGudk
a&G;udkifMuw,f/ t&G,ftpm;
ao;vGef;wJh Laptop awG&JU
jyóemu 'Davmufae&m usOf;usOf;
xJrSm performance tpHk&atmif
pkjyHK>ywfodyf rxnhfEdkifwmyJ/ Web
designer awGtwGufuawmh 'Dvdk
screen resolution tuefYtowf
&SdaewJh laptop awGeJY tvkyfrjzpf
Ekdifbl;/ Resolution wefzkd;udk 1440
x 900 txd &SdzdkYu tenf;qHk;
screen axmifhjzwf 14 vufreJY
txuf jzpf&r,f/ vkyfief; tqifajy
csif&ifawmh portability udkawmh
vufvTwfcH&rSmyJ/ Standard 22-
inch desktop LCD oHk;zl;wJh
olawGtzdkYuawmh b,f Laptop rS
odyfvufawGUawmhrSm r[kwfbl;/
9. Apple MacBook Air
Developing web content vkyfzdkY
yxrOD;pm;ay; a&G;cs,f&r,fhtxJrSm
awmh Apple MacBook Air rygbl;/
'gayr,fh hardware u tjrif
qGJaqmifrI &Sw d ,f/ jrifwmeJYwif
vdck sipf w
d f aygufoGm;&r,f/
t&G,ftpm;[m standard interof-
fice envelope tdwfeYJ qHhw,f/
Screen jyuGuu f 13 inch (1280 x
800) 1CPU u Core 2 Duo
oHk;xm;w,f/ aemufxkwfwJh OS X
operation system awmh rygbl;/
aps;avQmhvdkufw,f qkdwmawmif
aps;MuD;aewkef;yJ/
8. Lenovo ThinkPad
R61
MacBook Air eJYawmh qefYusuf
bufyJ/ raumif;bl;vdkY ajymwm
r[kwfbl;/ taumif;qHk; zefwD;xm;
w,f/ vuf&m Murf;ayr,fh ,HkMunf
pdwfcs tm;udkxdkufatmifawmh
zefwD;xm;w,f/ tjyifyef;
qGJaqmifrI vHk;0 r&Sdbl;/ EkEk&G&Gav;
rvkyfxm;bJ cyfMurf;Murf;
qkd&ifawmh Levono [m a&G;cs,f
oifhwJh ypönf;yg/ RCI [m 15 inch
screen eJY 1440 x 900 resolution
&Sdw,f/ oif[m 0if;'kd;½l; (Win-
dows fanboy) r[kwfbl;qkd&ifawmh
operating system vdk Novell's
SUSE Linux
distribution
preinstalled
vkyaf y;vdrrf h ,f/

pufwifbmv? 2008 93
 FAV O U R I T E

7. Fujitsu Lifebook 8410

olvnf;yJ Levono vdkygyJ/ odyf awmh qGJaqmifrI r&SdvSbl;/ cdkif;aumif; r,fh
oabmawmh &Sdw,f/ Ports eJY connectivity awG trsm;MuD; ygw,f/
Aluminum LCD cover yg&Sdw,f/ enf;enf; av;w,f/ Lenovo eJY rwl wJh
twGufuawmh Intel &JU aemufqHk; xkwf Core 2 Duo eJY oleJY vdkufzufr,fh
dedicated GPU wGJzufxm;w,f/ Screen resolution uawmh enf;enf;
nHhw,f/ 1280 x 800 yJ &Sdw,f/ 15.4 inch screen ygw,f/
Official Homepage: Fujitsu Lifebook 8410

6. Alienware m 15 x 5. Dell Inspiron 1525

Notebook awGxJrSm tjrefqHk;vdkY
a<u;aMumfxm;w,f/ [kwfavmufyg
&JU/ olY&JUt"du ypfrSwfuawmh
gamer awG twGufyJ/ Game twGuf
aumif;rS awmh usefwJhtwGufvnf;
aumif;awmh raygh/
odyfaumif;w,fqkdawmh a':vm
5000 avmufuawmh a&SmueJayghvdkY
pdwfxJ rxm;eJY/ a&mif;aps;u 1500
yg/ Resolution 1900 x 1200 eJY 15.4
inch screen yg&Sdw,f/
Official Homepage: Alienware m
15x.
Dell u olxkwfwJh Alienware udk
0dwfavQmhxm;wmyg/ t&nftaoG;eJY
0,fEkdiftm;&Sdatmif csdefqxm;&mrSmawmh
Inspiron 1525 udk A+ tqifh owfrSwf
&rvdk jzpfaew,f/ olY&UJ tajccH
aps;EIe;f 499 a':vm[m
ay;aysmfygw,f/ aemufxyf a':vm
100 xyf tukef tuscHwmeJY dual-cord
1 5 - i n c h laptop eJY 1680 x 1050 screen jzpfoGm;r,f/ rdrdMudKufwJhcolor eJY
pattern twkdif; rSmvdkY&wm[m xl;jcm;csufyJ/
wnfaqmufxm;yHku uspfuspfvspfvspf &Sdw,f/ t&if
Dell Laptop awG vkyfaeus pwdkifeJY rwlbl;/
tjypfqkdp&mqkdvdkY discrete GPU roHk;xm;jcif;yJ/

4. Asus C90
Asus's C90 series awG[m
laptop awGeJY rwlwJh
vrf;aMumif; cGJxGufxm;w,f/
Oyrm olYrSm standard desktop
Core 2 Duo CPU eJY Turbo Gear
technology udk oHk;xm;wmaMumifh 2.93 GHz txd
overclocking vkyfvdkY&w,f/ 15.4 inch display, Nvidia 8600 M GT GPU eJY
1680 x 1050 resolution &Sdw,f/ aps;EIef;vnf; oifhw,f/ Desktop compo-
nents udk oHk;xm;wJh jypfcsufuawmh vQyfppftm; tpm;rsm;jyD; bufx&D
tukefjrefjcif; jzpfw,f/ 'gaMumifh c&D;&SnfxGuf&if
awmh ,lroGm;eJYaygh/

94 uGefysLwm*sme,f
3. Sony Vaio VGN-AR590E
trnfay;yHkuav;u uvufwufwuf sexy name
jzpfaew,f/ qGJaqmiftm;uvnf; bmaumif;ovJ
rar;eJY/ b,f web designer's desktop xufrqkd
ydkaumif;atmif fine addition vkyfxm;w,f/ 17 inch
screen jzpfwmaMumifh desktop replacement segment
'grSr[kwf luggable segment tjzpf pdwfwkdif;us
oH;k Ekid w
f ,f/ tav;csed u
f vnf; 8 aygifyJ av;w,f/
wpfaeYvHk;o,foGm;vnf; av;w,f rxif&bl;aygh/
Added feature awGvnf; rusef&pfap&bl;/ Blu-Ray
drive eJY Nvidia 8600 GPU tjyif Sony's patented
xbrite screen yg&Sdw,f/ Resolution 1920 x 1200
qkdawmh wu,fh Hi - detinition yJaygh/ ypönf;aumif;wkdY
rnfonf aps;MuD;\wJh/ ay;zdkYom jyifawmh/
1. Apple MacBook Pro
Excellent performance, long battery Life
eJY pif;vHk;acsm flawless design awGeJY
Apple MacBook Pro [m web design-
ers awGtwGuf user- friendly tjzpfqHk;eJY
powerful tjzpf qHk; xdyfqHk;ae&mrSm
&yfwnfvsuf &Sd w,f/ jrifolwkdif;
jzHKoGm;r,f/ 15 - inch 1440 x 900 screen
'grSr[kwf 17 inch 1920 x 1200 screen
qkdjyD; ESpfrsKd; vmw,f/ Operating system
uvnf; OS X leopard, Apples Multi
Touch touchpad eJY aemufqHk;xkwf Intel
Core 2 Duo CPU wyfqifxm;w,f/
Desktop computer udk aumif;aumif;
oHk;EkdifwJh [maygh/
2. Asus m 70 sa
Mobile components tay: tajcjyKxm;wJh Laptop ygyJ/ t"du
uawmh 45 nm Intel Core 2 Duo T9300 udk oHk;xm;wmyJ/
aemufqHk;ay: aygh/ 17-inch display, resolution 1920 x 1200,
ATI GD 3650 GPU eJY 1 GB dedicated video memory yg&Sd w,f/
RAM yrmP 4 GB yg&Sdwm aMumifh Photoshop sessions awGudk
jrefjrefeJY xdxda&mufa&muf udkifwG,fEkdif w,f/ aemufxyf omvGef
aumif;rGefwJh nice feature wpfckuawmh 500 GB hard drive ESpfvHk;
xnhfoGif;xm;wm aMumifh rSwfÓPf odkavSmif0ifqhHrI tera-byte
tqifh a&mufoGm;r,f/ Desktop replacement xJrSmawmh olYukd
jydKifEkdifrI &Sm;r,f/

pufwifbmv? 2008 95
 C A S E S

Top 9 Laptop Cases

uG&J rS aI wGrsm; &Sad eOD;rvm;qkw

d hJ oHo,
tawG;awGukd ajzazsmufay;Ekid w f hJ tdwf
wpfv;kH jzpfygw,f/ ajcvsiaf wmifwuf
0goemygwJh c&D;onfawGtwGufudkyg
&nfpl;cJhw,fvdkY qkdygw,f/
wpfpHkwpfckeJY xdckdufrdvQif twGif;u
laptop rysufpD;&avatmif rmausmwJh
owåKom;eJY jyKvkyfxm;w,fvdkY qkdyg
w,f/

9. Crumpler cashmer
blazer
wu,fvkdY cifAsm;&JU laptop [m
size eJY yrmP b,favmuf MuD;rm;ae
ygap/ tJ'g[m jyóem r[kwfawmhyg
bl;/ Laptop udk tvG,w f ul ,laqmif
oGm;vdkY&r,f? c&D;oGm;vmzdkY t0wf
tpm;awGeJY aq;0g;awG? wjcm; vdktyf
wJh t&mav;awGyg ,laqmifoGm;vdkY
&Ekid yf gw,f/ rdcif website &JU tqkt d &
awmh 17 vufr laptop wpfvHk;udk
gedget awG? digital pen awGeJYtwl
writing tablet pwmawGuy kd g aygif;pyf
jyD ; o,f a qmif o G m ;vd k Y &Ek d i f w J h
taumif;qHk; c&D;aqmiftdwfvdkY ajym
xm;ygw,f/
8. Oakley SI vertical
Computer Bag
Laptop awGudk tdwfeJY ,laqmif
oGm;wm[m odyfawmh ta&;rMuD;yg
bl;/ omreftdwfwpfvHk;awmifrS pGrf;
aqmifEdkifygw,f/ 'gayr,fh tqifajy
yghrvm;/ uk,d &hf UJ laptop [m Murf;wrf;
wJh vrf;c&D;rSm oGm;vm&wJt h cg xdcu
kd f
6. Voltaic Solar Panel
Pouch
7. Zero Halliburton ½k w f w &uf M unh f & if aumvd y f
Deluxe 4" ausmif;om;i,fav;wpfOD; vG,fwwf
rsufESmjyifuvnf; ½dk;½dk;pif;pif; wJh ausmydk;tdwfuav;vdkygyJ/ rsufESm
av;yg/ tvGe&f iS ;f vif;oyf&yfwthJ wGuf jyifrSm jrifae&wJh tuGufawG[m so-
Laptop c&D;aqmiftw d qf w
kd mxufawmif lar pepfoHk; a&mifjcnfjym;av;awGudk
pD;yGm;a&;vkyfief;orm;awG oHk;pGJwJh xnhf oGif ;ay;xm;wmyg/ 'gaMumifh
business bag wpfckeJY ykdjyD; qifwlae toH;k jyKol[m bufx&Doufwrf; ukef
ygw,f/ aemufwpfcu k awmh vufeuf qH k ; oG m ;&if a wmif r S solar pepf u d k
toHk;csjyD; ta&;ay: pGrf;tif tenf;
i,frQavmufudk jyefvnf &&SdEkdifyg
w,f/
5. Pargus City Gear Log
Angeles Notebook Case
cyfru
dk rf u
kd 'f ZD ikd ;f eJY ausmyd;k tdwu
f kd
ab;apmif;vG,fjyD; oGm;vmwwfwJh
vli,fawGtwGuf &nf&G,fygw,f/

96 uGefysLwm*sme,f

twGif;rSm CD/DVD awGtwGuf tzkH;
umAmawG yg0ifygw,f/ avqdyfeJY
wireless cheek point awGrSm tvG,f
wul internet access vkyfvkdY&atmif
zeffwD;xm;jyD; media, per, business
card eJ Y wjcm; accessories rsKd ; pH k
xnhfoGif;&apEkdifwJh tdwfMuD;tdwfi,f
rsKd;pHk yg0ifygw,f/
4. Rad Tech Mac Truck
Macbook Pro eJY Macbook udkif
wwf w h J Apple user awG t wG u f
oD;oefYxw k v
f yk x
f m;wJh Rad Tech jzpf
ygw,f/ wjcm;tdwfawGvdk Laptop
oH;k pGzJ YkdtwGuf tdwx
f u
J ae wul;wu
xkwfaep&m rvdkbJ tzHk;zGifhvdkuf½HkeJYukd
mobile access &&S d E k d i f y gw,f /
Macbook awGay:rSm tajcjyKjyD; wnf
aqmufxm;wJhtwGuf Macbook awG
vdkyJ yg;vsvseJY cspfp&myHkpHuav;
wnf&SdjyD; (laptop + bag) [m rajymy
avmufwhJ tav;csed uf av;udyk J wk;d yGm;
oGm;rSm jzpfygw,f/
3. Tom Bihn Empire Builder
tvGef½dk;pif;ygw,f/ omref c&D;
aqmif tdwaf wGvdk o,f,o l mG ;½Hyk gyJvYkd
xifcsipf &m &Syd gw,f/ 'gayr,fh PDA,
Laptop, Cell phone eJY CD wjcm;
tDvufx&Gefepf device awGudk tum
tuG,f ay;EdkifpGrf;&SdwJh om;a&xnf
wpfrsKd;eJY csKyfvyk x
f m;wmjzpfwt hJ wGuf
aqmif;&moDMurf;awGeJY aeeJYzkefrIefYawG
vGiyhf sw
H wfwhJ aEGOwkawGrmS tjyHK;rysuf
cHEkdif&nf &Sdygw,f/
2. Knomo Frinton 17''
17 vufrvdkY qkdxm;wJhtwGuf
udk,fh laptop [m 17 vufr&SdaevdkY
awmh r&ygbl;/ 15 vufrywf0ef;usif
&Sd&ygr,f/ aemufwpfcku ½kwfw&uf
MunhfvQif vQyfppfrD;jyiform;&JU tdwf
wpfvHk;vdkY xifa,mifjrifrSm;jzpfEkdifp&m
&SdwJhtwGuf ½Id;enf;enf; yJhygw,f/ 'g
ayr,fh wnfaqmufxm;yHkt&a&m?
yg0ifwJh ypönf;awGt&a&m Munhfr,f
qkd&if wu,fha&pdrfcH? tMurf;cH tdwf
wpfvHk;qkdwm awGU&rSmjzpfjyD; twGif;
om;udk tvGefEl;nHhwJh a&jr§KyfawGeJY
jyKvkyfxm;ygw,f/
1. Ro Tuck Laptop Case
urÇ m h t aumif ; qH k ; Top (1)
Laptop Case udk &oifh&xkdufygw,f/
(Munhf&wm rsufpdat;w,f/ odrfarGU
w,f/ pwkdifusw,f/ o,faqmifoGm;
&wm vG , f u l w ,f / aygh y g;w,f /
wjcm; case awGvkd interior eJY exte-
rior tdwfawG tpHktvif yg0ifayr,fh
rsufpad emufavmufwhJ zGYJ pnf;rIawG r&Sd
bl;/ Ro Tuck [m vlawG bmvdktyf
ovJqkdwm od&Sdxm;ygw,fqkdwmudk
xkwfukefeJY jyooGm;cJhygw,f/ o,f&
vG,fulatmif Case 0,fjyD;cgrS Case
twGufeJY ydkjyD; av;vHoGm;wJh tjzpf
rsKd;udk b,f Laptop orm;rS MudKufrSm
r[kwyf gbl;/ Ro Tuck [m oH;k qifch sKid hf
uav;wpfv;kH udk o,faqmifomG ;&wm
xufawmif ayghyg;ygao;w,f/
pufwifbmv? 2008 97
 VOCABULARY
Notebook a0g[m&
Ekwb
f w
k w
f pfv;Hk uGeyf sLwmwpfv;Hk eJY ywfoufjy;D odxm;oifw
pkpnf;azmfjyay;xm;ygw,f/
Bluetooth Technology
Notebook, cell phone, Palm or
Pocket PC handhelds eJY printers
awG wpfckeJYwpfcktMum; ay 30 cefY
tuGmta0;twGif; MudK;rJhqufoG,fjyD;
data awG tvTJtajymif; vkyfay;wJh
enf;ynm/ Notebook tawmfrsm;rsm;
rSm 'Denf;ynm xnhfoGif;xm;w,f/
Bluetooth qkdwm wireless Ethernet
udk ,SOfjydKifwJh enf;ynm r[kwfygbl;/
Desktop
PC wpfv;kH udk a&TUajymif;zdYk rvG,f
ulygbl;/ 'gaMumifh csrSwx
f m;wJh ae&m
a'otwGif;rSmom oHk;pGJzdkY jzpfEkdifyg
w,f/ wpfenf;tm;jzifh xkdtpktzGJUudk
desktop vdkY ac:ygw,f/
98 uGefysLwm*sme,f
h hJ pum;vk;H awGudk
DVD-ROM/ CD RW
Combo Drive
DVD udk zwfay;½Hk zwfay;jyD;
CD udak wmh zwfEi dk f a&;Ekid w
f ,f/ 'gay
r,fh aemufydkif; Notebook awGrSm 'D
pepfawG odyfrwyfqifMuawmhbl;/
Optical drive wpf c k aps;EI e f ; [m
a':vm 50 uae 75 txd ay;&r,f/
Dual Layer, Dual Format
DVD RW Drives
DVD burn Ek d i f w J h drive [m
'DuaeYtzdkY cost effective tvGef jzpf
ygw,f/ Dual format taeeJY minus
( DVD RW) eJY plus (DVD) ESpr f sK;d pvH;k
udk burn Edik yf gw,f/ yHrk eS f DVD wpfcsyf
[m capacity 4.7 GB qHhjyD; Dual
Layer uawmh 8.5 GB qHw h ,f/
Docking station
Extra drive eJY cable awG Note-
book qD vmcsdwfzdkY ae&mjzpfw,f/
EDGE (Enhanced Data
rates for GSM Evolution)
GSM network udk toHk;jyKzdkY
broadband internet speeds ay;pGrf;
r,fh 3G wireless standard wpfck jzpf
w,f/ wjcm; 3G service provide
jzpfwhJ EVDO eJYvnf; tjydKifjzpfw,f/
Laptop xJu cellular modem, PC
Card eJY Express Card standards awG
u wpfqifh high speed connections
qufoG,frIay;pGrf;w,f/ tar&duef&JU
primary provider of service awG
uawmh Cingular eJY T-Mobile wdYk jzpf
w,f/ olY&JU connection speeds [m
EVDO avmufawmh rjrefbl;/ 100 -
160 Rbps Mum;yJ &Sdw,f/
EVDO (Evolution-Data
Optimized)
Laptop xJu cellular modem
PC Card eJY ExpressCard Standards
awGuwpfqifh broadband internet
speed udk ay;pGrf;wJh 3G wireless
standard wpfck jzpfw,f/ primary
providers of service awG u awmh
Verizon eJY Sprint wdYk ygyJ/ Cell phone
signal vufvSrf;rDwJh ae&mwkdif;rSm
200 - 800 kbps speed EIef;eJY internet
csdwfEkdifapw,f/ Revision A qkdwJh
EVDO standard topfrmS download
and upload speed udk 1-1 Mbps -
3.1 Mbps txd qufo, G af pEkid w
f ,f/
Express Card Slot
PC Card slots udk tpm;xk;d ae&m
,lvmwJh expandability pGrf;aqmifrI
ay;pGrf;r,fh feature wpfckyg/ Form
factor ESpfrsKd;eJY vmw,f/ Express
Card /34 (34 mm wide) eJY Express
Card /54 (54 mm wide, in L-shape)
wdkY jzpfw,f/ avmavmq,fftm;jzifh
ydkjrefwJh bus speeds udk adventage
vkyfEkdifwJh Express Card devices
Laptop
tenf;tusOf;yJ &Sdao;w,f/
Notebook vdkYvnf; aemufwpf
FireWire A high-speed rsKd; ac:Muygao;w,f/ vufawmhyf
connector (capable of 400 awG[m a&TUajymif; ykdYaqmifEkdifwJh
Mbps) ({nfhcef;uaepvdkY tdrfomtwGif;xd
td r f j yif y b,f v k d a e&mrsKd ; ud k r qk d )
Macs ay:rS m Universal jzpf
tvG,fwul o,f,loGm;vdkY&EkdifwJh
w,f/ Digital video (DV) uifr&mawG
uGefysLwmwpfrsKd;yJ jzpfygw,f/ olwdkY
uae media - oriented PCs awGqD
udk tvGefayghyg;jyD; yg;vTmwJh owåK
tcsuftvuf vTJajymif;&mrSm pHxm;
wpfrsKd;eJY zHk;tkyfxm;jyD; twGif;tdrfrSm
oHk;pGJw,f/ PC notebooks ay:u
y½dkqufqm? rSwfÓPf? [mh'f'pfeJY
high-speed data transfers vkyf&mrSm
bufx&DwYkd yg0ifjyD; jyify tpdwt f ydik ;f
USB udk virtually oabmrsK;d oH;k w,f/
taeeJYawmh armufpf? pm½dkufEkdifwJh uD;
bkwfwpfckeJY Munhf½IEdkifr,fh rsufESm
Kensington Slot
jyifwpfck yg0ifygw,f/
Physical security lock twGuf
universal connector wpf c k y gyJ /
wDxGifwJh ukrÜPDtrnfudk ,lxm;wm
yg/
Key pitch Distance
Key wpfck&JU A[dkcsufeJY aemuf
key wpfc& k UJ A[dck suMf um;tuGmta0;/
Desktop keyboard rSm Key pitch Mainframe
tuGmta0;u 19 mm (0.75 inches)
&SdjyD; Full size notebook keyboard uGefysLwmordkif;awGudk jyefvnf
iJhapmif;Munhfr,fqkd&if uGefysLwm
&JU key pitch u 18.5 mm &Sdw,f/
wpfenf;tm;jzifh 97 % aygh/ Key pitch avmu&JU tOD;tpESpfawGrSm Main-
ukd check vkyfzdkY b,ftpGef Q key frame qkdwm[m ay 20 _ 60 tcef;
uae ( [ ) key txd key 10 ckudk wkdif; wpfcef;pmavmufudk &Sdygw,f/ olYqD
Munhf&r,f/ rSm tvGefrsm;jym;wJh 0dkif,mMudK;awG?
tvGef MuD;rm;wJh pGr;f tifawGeYJ ½Iyaf xG;
vsuf &SdcJhygw,f/
pufwifbm? 2008 99
 VOCABULARY
Minicomputer
wpfukd,fa&oHk; uGefysLwmawG
(PCs) ? ukrÜPDeJY pD;yGm;a&;vkyfief;MuD;
orm;awG oHk;pGJwJh servers awG&JU
tMum;rSm wnf&adS ewJh t&G,yf rmPudk
awmh Minicomputer rsm;vdkY ac:yg
w,f/ ,cktcgrSmawmh rDeDuGefysLwm
awG[m server awG&JU xrf;aqmif&wJh
vkyfief;aqmifwmawGudk wpfpwpfp
vTJajymif;,lcJhygjyD/
Modular Bay
Notebook rSm ygwJh removable
drives twGuf ae&mjzpfw,f/ tck
awmh accessories awG tm;vHk;twGuf
vnf; toHk;jyKaew,f/ Two-bay
ygwJh notebook awGrSm internal bay
[m hard drive twGufjzpfjyD; sec-
ond bay [m CD-ROM, DVD-ROM,
floop disk drive 'grSr[kwf spare
battery twGuf owfrSwfavh &Sdw,f/
PC Card slot
Credit card - size accessories
xdk;oGif;oHk;&ef ae&m/ Modems, Net-
work adapters, wireless network
adapters, security cards, memory
card tp&Swd mawG tJ'aD e&mrSm xk;d oGi;f
oHk;&w,f/ wcsKdU external disk driv-
ers awGtwGuf connection points
tjzpfvnf; toHk;jyKEkdifw,f/ tck
100 uGefysLwm*sme,f
aemufydkif; olYae&mrSm ExpressCard
slot awG tpm;xkd; ae&m,lvmw,f/
Pointing device
Mouse ae&mrS m tpm;xk d ; wJ h
built-in wpfckjzpfw,f/ G key eJY H
key atmuf b uf w pf a e&mrS m cJ w H
cJzsufacgif;eJYwlwhJ pointing stick vkd
[mrsKd; 'grSr[kwf toush pad vdk
tuGufrsKd;eJY &Sdaewwfw,f/ wcsKdU
notebook awGrSmawmh ESpfrsKd;pvHk; yg
w,f/ wcsKUd user awGuawmh oH;k aeus
mouse ukdif&wmudkyJ tm;&vdkY note-
book rSm plug xdk;jyD; oHk;aeMuw,f/
Port replicator
Modem, printer, power, mouse
tp&SdwJh cables awGtm;vHk;udk note-
book tMum; Mum;cHay;jyD; cvkwv f nS fh
½HkeJY wpfckjyD;wpfck tvSnhfus ajymif;vJ
ay;Ekdifw,f/ Hardware device jzpf
w,f/ Docking station xuf yk&d iS ;f jyD;
aps;aygw,f/ Replicator trsm;pkrSm
security locking slot yg&Sdw,f/
PC (Personal Computer)
vlwpfO;D wpfa,mufcsi;f pD twGuf
oH;k pG&J ef xkwvf yk af y;xm;wJh uGeyf sLwm
trsKd;tpm;udk ac:qkyd gw,f/ 'gaMumifh
MAC [mvnf; wpfudk,fa& oHk;pGJvdkY
&wJt h wGuf personal computer trsKd;
tpm;twG i f ; rS m tusKH ; 0if y gw,f /
rsm;aomtm;jzifhawmh 'D PC awGtay:
rSm Windows trnf&w dS hJ pufvnfywf
a&;pepfudk xnhfoGif;armif;ESifxm;Mu
wm rsm;ygw,f/ wpfenf;tm;jzifh PC
awGukd 'micro-computer' awGvYkdvnf;
ac:Ekdifygao;w,f/ olYrSm jyD;jynhfpHkwJh
tpdwftydkif;eJY pufvnfywfa&;pepf
awG yg0ifaeayr,fh tvGefMuD;rm;wJh
pepfawGeJY ½IyfaxG;wJh pDrHudef;awG
twGuf r[kwb f J wpfu, kd af & oH;k pGzJ Ykd eYJ
rdom;pk azsmfajza&;vkyfief;twGufom
&nf&G,fcJhvdkY jzpfygw,f/
Palmtop
rsm;aomtm;jzifh Presonal Dig-
ital Assistart (PDA) awGudk jcHKiHkjyD;
ac:qkdMuwmyg/ uGJjym;csufuawmh
olwYkdrmS pm½du k Ef ikd w f hJ uD;bkwq
f wkd mrsK;d
ryg&Sb d J toH;k jyKoluae tcsut f vuf
xnh f o G i f ; zd k Y t wG u f touch-screen
enf;ynmudk oH;k pGx J m;ygw,f/ Palm-
top awG[m 0w¬KpmrsufESmqdkufxuf
yif ao;i,fjyD; tvGefayghyg;ygw,f/
toH;k cHwhJ bufx&Dyg&Sjd yD; tenf;i,f
ydrk Mkd uD;rm;í ydrk akd v;vHwhJ plamtop awG
udkawmh handheld computer rsm;vdkY
ac:qkdMuygw,f/
Server
uGef&uftwGif;rSm &SdwJh wjcm;
aom uG e f y sLwmawG tuk e f v H k ; ud k
t"du pDrcH efYc&JG wJh tvkyu
f kd vkyaf qmif

wJh uGeyf sLwmudak wmh server vdYk ac:yg
w,f/ tJ'D server trsKd;tpm; uGefysL
wm wpfcgwpf&HrSm (tcsuftvufawG
udk xdef;odrf;½Hkavmufom vdktyfwJh
tcgrsKd;) uGef&uftwGif;&Sd uGefysLwm
awGxuf t&nftaoG; edrfhusaewwf
jyD; wpfcgwpf&HrSm (pDrHcefYcGJrI MuD;MuD;
rm;rm;awGudk rvGJraoG vkyf&r,fhtcg
rsKd;) taumif;qHk;aom t&nftaoG;
&Sdwwfygw,f/
Supercomputer
a':vm oef;aygif;rsm;pGm ukefus
cHjyD; txl;wnfaqmufxm;wJh uGefysL
wm trsKd;tpm;MuD;udk ac:qkw d m jzpfyg
w,f/ ol[m wpfpuúefYudk tcsuf
tvufaygif; oef;eJYcsDjyD; pOf;pm;tajz
&SmEkdifygw,f/ tvG,fulqHk; Oyrmay;
&if ½k&mS ;ppfw&k ifcsefy,D H uufpyg;a&mh
udk tEdik ,f cl w
hJ hJ Deep Blue trnf&w dS hJ
uGefysLwm[m plyguGefysLwm trsKd;
tpm; jzpfygw,f/
Tablet PC
Tablet PC [mvnf; Notebook
uGefysLwmtrsKd;tpm; wpfrsKd;jzpfjyD;
tvG,fwul jzKwfwyf? a&TUajymif;Ekdif
wJh keyboard awGeJY wyfqiftoHk;jyK
vkdY &ygw,f/ TouchScreen wpfckudk
oHk;pGJxm;jyD; 'pf*spfw,ffyif 'grSr[kwf
tJ'Dvdk screen awGtay:rSm a&;jcpfzdkY
txl;wDxGifxm;wJh stylus ud&d,mrsKd;
awGeJY a&;qGJEdkifjyD; toHk;jyKol[m PC
uGefysLwm ti,fpm;uav;wpfckudk
oHk;pGJEdkifygr,f/ Wearable
txl;ojzifh tD;ar;vfawG? tcsuf
tvufawG? rD', D m azsmaf jza&; vkyif ef;
awGeJY vlaerIvkyfief;aqmifwmawG
tm;vH;k udk xnho f iG ;f jyD; 0wfqifvYkd &wJh
em&DvdkrsKd;? 'grSr[kwf ywfpykdYuwfjym;
vdkrsKd;? 'grSr[kwf qJvfvlvmzkef;vdk
rsKd;/ tJ'Dvdkae&mawGuae uGefysLwm
wpfvHk;&JU vkyfief;aqmifwm tukef
eD;yg;udk vkyfaqmifvdkY&wJh uGefysLwm
trsKd;tpm;udkawmh wearable compu-
Travel weight ter rsm;vd k Y ac:qk d M uygw,f / tck
aemufqHk;ay: enf;ynmypönf;topf
c&D;pOfrSm ,loGm;r,fh notebook,
transformer, battery , connecting wpfrsKd; jzpfygw,f/
accessories awG t wG u f adapter
Workstation
module eJY olwdkYudk xnhfwJh package
tm;vHk;aygif;&JU tav;csdef jzpfw,f/ wu,fvkdY desktop computer
wpf v H k ; [m pG r f ; &nf j ynh f 0 wJ h y½d k
Universal Serial Bus qufqm taumif;qHk;eJY tvsifjrefqHk;
Digital camera, Audio player, rSwfÓPfawGudk oHk;pGJxm;w,f/ olYrSm
memory key, mouse, external drive, 3D *&yfzpfeYJ *dr;f a&;om;jcif;awGukd jyK
printer tp&S d w J h ypö n f ; aygif ; pH k e J Y
csdwfqufEkdifwJh all - purpose input/
output connector ygyJ/ Notebook
wpfckrSm USB port wpfckuae av;ck
txd &Sdwwfw,f/ ESpfckuawmh ydkrsm;
w,f/ 'DuaeYxkwf notebook tm;vHk;
rSm 480 Mbps tcsuftvufvTJEIef;
&SdwJh USB 2.0 awG wyfqifxm;w,f/
pufwifbm? 2008 101
 VOCABULARY

vkyfEkdifwJh okdavSmifEkdifrIyrmP rsm;pGm XGA (Extended Graphics

vnf; &Sdaer,f/ taumif;qHk; t&nf
taoG;awGvnf; MuD;MuD;rm;rm; &Sdae
r,fqkd&ifawmh olYukd workstation vkdY
ac:qkdMuygw,f/ rsm;aomtm;jzifh
AD',
D ½dk yk &f iS f pwl&,
D dk trsm;pk[m wrok-
station trsKd;tpm; uGefysLwmawGudk
om oHk;pGJMuygw,f/
WWAN (Wireless Wide
Area Network)
Local-area network (WLAN)
tpm; cellular network udk toHk;cs
xm;w,f/ wpfurÇmvH;k vTr;f jcHKrdEikd af p
r,fh cellular technology twGuf
tar&duefEdkifiHu service provider
awGuawmh Verizon, Sprint, T-Mo-
bile eJY Cingular wdkYygyJ/
twGuf umbrella term jzpfw,f/
Most common tjzpf q H k ; uawmh
802.11 b jzpfjyD; oDt& dk t
D m;jzifh capac-
ity u 11 Mbps jzpfw,f/ wu,fh
vufawGUrSmawmh 5 Mbps yJ &wmudk
awGU&w,f/ 802.11 g eJY 802. 11 b
ESpfckaygif; capacity [m 54Mbps
&Sdw,f/ 802.11g eJY 802.11a ESpfck
aygif;[mvnf; Capacity 54 Mbps
&Sdw,f/ Wireless card eJY g + b eJY g
+ a ESpfrsKd;oHk;vdkY &w,f/
Array)
Notebook eJY desktop twGuf
most common screen ES p f c k x J u
wpfck/ tvsm;vdkuf 1024 pixel eJY
axmifvdkuf 768 pixel (1024 x 768
resolution) eJ Y yH k & d y f z G J U pnf ; w,f /
aemufxyf toHk;rsm;wJh yHkazmfpepf
uawmh SXGA 1400 x 1050 jzpfw,f/
SXGA (1280 x 1024) udkawmh note-
book awGxuf desktop awGrSm ydkoHk;
w,f/ UXGA (1600 x 1200) vnf; &Sd
w,f/ Resolution jrifhavav gra-
phics eJY text pmvH;k awG yDjyifjywfom;rI
ydkvmavygyJ/ Widescreen display
awGrmS awmh yHrk eS t
f m;jzifh WXGA (1280
x 768), WSXGA (1680 x 1050) eJY
WUXGA (1920 x 1200) eJY yHkazmf
ay;avh &Sdw,f/

Widescreen
tus,feJY tjrifh tcsKd; (width -
to - height ratio) 16:10 'grSr[kwf
16:9 &Swd hJ LCD display jyuGu/f omref
jyuGuf½dk;½dk;awGuawmh 4:3 yJ &Sdw,f/
jrifuiG ;f us,jf zpfwmaMumifh ½ky&f iS Mf unhf
vdYk aumif;w,f/ 'gayr,fh 16:9 eJY 4:3
[m pwk&ef; {&d,mcsi;f awmh twlwyl /J

Wi-Fi
Wireless fidelity &J U
twk d a umuf / Wireless Ethernet

102 uGefysLwm*sme,f

Alienware Area-51 m15X
*drf;upm;zdkYtwGufqdk&if high-end gaming desktops
awGudkyJ tm;udk;aeMupOf ESpfawGtwGif;rSmyJ *drf; obm0
tjynfht0 cHpm;Edkifapr,f/ Feature awGu notebook uGef
ysLwmawGxJudk tpOfwpdkuf wGm;0ifvmcJhwm awGUMu&rSm
jzpfw,f/ tckawmh yDjyifwJh gaming notebook wcsKdUudk
awGUae&ygjyD/ 'Daps;uGux f u J kd Alem wave Area-51 m15x
u cyf<um;<um; xdk;0ifvmcJhwmjzpfw,f/ Intel Core 2 Ex-
treme x 9000 (2.8 GHz) processor udk wyfqif toHk;jyK
xm;w,f/ 4 GB DDR2 SDRAM eJY 512 MB nVidia
GeForce 8800 M GT x graphic cards udk yl;wGJyg0ifapjyD;
200 GB yrmP&SdwJh hard-drive udk wyfqif ay;xm;wm
awGU&w,f/ 'ghtjyif LEDs trsKd;tpm; 15 'or 4 vufr
t&G,ftpm;&SdjyD; 1920 x 1200 Widescreen uvnf; tm;
jznfh yg&Sdvmygao;w,f/ Ultrashap tqihfjzpfjyD; 1080p
fernet udk yHy
h ;kd Edik w
f maMumifh HD t&nftaoG;udk ydik yf ikd Ef ikd Ef ikd f
xkwfay;EdkifrSm jzpfw,f/
uGeyf sLwmtaxGaxG
System taeeJY dual-layer DVD burner wpfck toihf
wyfqifay;jyD; wu,fvYkd vdt
k yf&if BD-Rom drive udw
k yf
qifvdkygu wyfqifEdkifapzdkY pDpOfxm;&Sdw,f/ tjcm;
ud&d,mawGeJY qufoG,fvkyfudkifEdkifzdkY USB 2.0 ports oHk;ck?
FireWire port wpfc?k 4 in 1 card reader (mmc, ms, mspro,
SD) wpfce k YJ HD u port wpfck wyfqifyg&Sv d mw,f/ MudK;rJh
pepftwGuf Intel Wireless WiFi Link udk yHhydk; aqmif&Guf
ay;xm;w,f/ toHk;jyKolawGtaeeJY vuf&Sd *&yfzpfydkif;udk
tm;rvdktm;r& jzpfaevm&if toHk;csEdkifzdkY Dual graphics
option yg&Sdao;w,f/ yg0gtwGuf Lithum ion bufx&D
wyfqifay;xm;wmaMumifh wpfqufwnf; 1 em&D 49 rdepf
txd toHk;jyKEdkifrSm jzpfw,f/ Labs testing t& resolu-
tions edre
hf rd rfh mS 3D marks core 10000 points udk ausmv
f eG jf yD;
yxrqH;k pHcsdecf sKd;Edik w
f hJ laptops jzpfaeygw,f/ tm;enf;csuf
uawmh owfrSwfa&mif;aps;u a':vm 4ç499 jzpfaewmyg
yJ/
pufwifbm? 2008 103
 Gateway DX442XP

oHa,mZOfrjywfEikd w f hJ XP eJYtwl rmvfwrD 'D ,

D m&JU qef;Mu,f
rIawGudk toHk;csEdkifzdkY Gateway u desktop uGefysLwmudk DX
442 XP trSwftom;eJY xkwfvkyfcJhwmjzpfw,f/ armfeDwmryg
wjcm;qufET,fud&d,m tpHktvif yg&SdwJh system udk a':vm
1000 eJY aps;EIe;f owfrw S f a&mif;csvmwmrdYk aps;uGu?f vSnu hf u
G f
wpfckvdkYvnf; ½IjrifEdkifygvdrhfr,f/ a&SUrsufESmpmrSm avQmwHcg;
wpfck wyfxm;ay;jyD; USB ports wdkY? headphone jack aygufwYkd
multimedia removable hard drive awGudk umxm;ay;w,f/
Case 'DZdkif;yHkpHuvnf; pGJrufp&m aumif;vSygw,f/ Photoshop
CS3 vdk application udk oHk;zdkYwifr,fqdk&if 28 puúefYom apmihf
&rSmjzpfjyD; Windows Media Encoder qdkygu 1 rdepfyJ MumrSm
jzpfw,f/ 2-4 GHz Intel Core 2 Quad Q 6000 processor wyf
qifxm;jyD; 3 GB DDRSDRAM eJY 256 MB Intel GMA 3000 graphics wdYkuw kd zJG ufay;xm;w,f/ 7200 rpm SATA hard
drive twGuf 500 GB yrmPudk oHk;xm;w,f/ wu,fvdkY XP uae vista udk upgrade vkyfr,fqdk&ifvnf; tvG,fwuleJY
vkyfaqmifEdkifzdkYtqihf&Sdw,f/ 'gayr,fh tm; enf;csuftaeeJY 3D gaming DX 10 3D pGrf;&nfygrvmwm awGU&w,f/

○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○

Smartparts SP8PRT Digital Picture Frame

and Printer

ESprf sKd;oH;k ypön;f ud&,

d mav;jzpfonf/ "mwfyrkH sm;udk Munfzh Ykd
pDpOfay;xm;ovdk "mwfyHkawGudk xkwf,lEdkifzdkYvnf; vkyfay;Edkif
w,f/ 'Dvdk obm0ESpfrsKd;udk wpfaygif;wpfpnf;wnf; tqifajy
ajy toHk;jyKEdkifatmif wDxGifrIrsKd;jrif&cJygw,f/ 'gaMumihfvnf;
trnfudk Smartparts awG jrifvdkuf&wmeJY vdkcsifvmatmif qGJ
aqmifEikd o f mG ;apw,f/ "mwfyMkH unfu h &d ,d mvdYk ac:qdx k m;ayr,fh
½ky&f iS af wGuv kd nf; MunfEh ikd o
f vdk aw;*DwawGuv kd nf; em;qifEikd f
rSmjzpfw,f/ USB key wdYkvkd memory card awGuwpfqifh zGi, fh l
Edkifovdk internal taeeJYvnf; 120 MB flash memory vkyaf y;
xm;ygao;w,f/ 'gayr,fh yDpu D ae wdu k ½f u
kd f qufo, G v
f yk af y;
EdkifaMumif;udkawmh azmfñTef;xm;jcif; rawGU&ay/ "mwfyHkt&G,f
tpm; 4 _6 vufr t&G,ftpm;txd xkwfEdkifw,f/ "mwfyHk
wpfyHkudk 60 puúefYeJY xkwfay;EdkifrSmjzpfw,f/ xGufvmwJh "mwfyHkt&nftaoG;uvnf; tvGefaumif;vSygw,f/ "mwfyHk
xkwfvkyfrIqdk&mrSm print pack av;eJY toHk;jyK&rSmjzpfw,f/ Print pack xJrSm puúLeJYrifudk aygif;pyf yg0ifaew,f/ "mwfyHk
taeeJY a&pdkcHtqihf&Edkifw,f/ udk,fxnftaeeJY 8 vufrt&G,f "mwfyHk frame &SdjyD; wide angle view eJY MunfhEdkifygw,f/
owfrSwfa&mif;aps;u a':vm 300 jzpfw,f/

104 uGefysLwm*sme,f
 NEW PRODUCTS uGeyf sLwmtaxGaxG

LG 47LG60
aps;uGufrSm awGUjrifcJhzl;orQ LCD TV awGxJrSm taumif;
qHk;udk ñTef;qdkEdkifygvdrhfr,f/ LG ukrÜPDuxkwfvkyfwJh Scarlet
pD;&D;xJu product wpfckjzpfw,f/ 'gayr,fh owfrSwfa&mif;aps;
u 3499 a':vmjzpfwmrdYk tvGeaf ps;BuD;w,fvYkd ajymEdik yf gw,f/
High-speed LCD enf;ynmudk toH;k cswmjzpfwt hJ wGuf tao;
pdwjf rifuiG ;f awGukd jywfjywfom;om; jrifawGUEdik w f t hJ qih&f w
dS ,f/
0g;wm;wm;eJY jzwfoGm;wJh yHk&dyfrsKd; vHk;0r&Sdapawmhay/ 2 'or
7 vufrt&G,f ywfvnfaZmif;edrhfabmifav;eJY uGyfxm;jyD; vSy
awmufajymifwhJ teufa&mifu, kd x
f nfeYJwnfaqmufxm;jyD; xku
vnf; tvGefyg;vsw,fvdkY ajym&rSmjzpfw,f/ jrifuGif;t&G,f
tpm;u 47 vufr&Sdw,f/ 1080 p resolution udk ydkifydkifEdkifEdkif
yHyh ;kd Edik w
f thJ wGuf HD video wdYk HD TV awGvkd t&nftaoG;jynfh
yHhydk;aqmif&Gufay;w,f/ Contrast ratio taeeJY 1188:1 &Sdw,f/
Swivel stand eJY qif,ifxm;wmrdkY Munfh½IolpdwfBudKuf position udk xm;&Sd Edkifw,f/ Ports awGtaeeJY Component port
ESpfck? Lonp wpfck? HDML av;ck? RF wpfck? USB wpfckeJY VGA wpfckwdkY yg&Sdayr,fh Cable card udk DVI wdkY? Ethernet
wdkY? Firewire wdkYeJY S-video wdkYtwGuf ports awG yHhydk;xm;wm rawGU&ay/
○

○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○

Magellan Maestro 5310

GPS ud&d,mav;awGudk rsm;aom;tm;jzifh t&G,ftpm;

ao;ao;eJY jrifawGUMu&w,f/ tm½HkpdkufjyD; tMumMuD;MunfhwJh
tcg tqifrajyrIawG &SdvmEdkifw,f/ 'Dvdktaetxm;udk owdjyK
rdwJhtwGuf Magellan ukrÜPDu Maestro 5310 qdkwJh Navi-
gator udk axmihfjzwftwdkif;twm ig;vufrt&G,ftpm;eJY xkwf
vkyf a&mif;csvmcJhygw,f/ Maestro 5310 udkom toHk;csr,f
qdk&if ajryHkawGudkvnf; tqifajyajyMunfhEdkifrSm jzpfovdk text
awGuv kd nf; oufaomiho f ufom zwf½EI ikd rf mS jzpfw,f/ ,cifu
'Dhxuf t&G,ftpm;ao;ao; screen eJY Maestro 4250 udk xkwf
vkyf a&mif;cscJyh gao;w,f/ ,aeYwikd f xdyw f ef;ta&mif;pm&if;0if
jzpfaewmrdYk ,ckxu G af y:vmwJh 5310 eJY tjydKif &Sad eOD;rSmjzpfw,f/
'Dwkef;u Traffic reciever wpfckeJYtwl text-to-speech con-
version wdkY multisegment routing wdkY POI (points of inter-
est) aygif; 6 oef;avmuf yg0ifcJhjyD; AAA Tour book eJY roadside assistance wdkY ygwmaMumifh vlMudKufrsm;cJhw,f/
5310 rSmvnf; 'D feature awGudk xyfrH xnfhay;xm;ayr,fh voice command wdkY Bluetooth phone interface udk
jzKwfcsxm;cJhw,f/ 'gayr,fh vrf;jy? vrf;ñTefpepftwGif; ydkrdktqifajyapwJh feature awmf awmfrsm;rsm; yg0ifvmcJhygw,f/
owfrSwfa&mif;aps;uvnf; 599 a':vm &Sdaew,f/

pufwifbm? 2008 105

NEW PRODUCTS

○
○
retractable I/O ports

○
Motorola Moto Z9

○
○
○
tay:vTm avQmxkwfyHkpHjyK Motorola u RAZR U 9

○
○
'DZdkif;twdkif; MOTO Z9 xGufay:vmcJhjyefygw,f/ xl;jcm;

○
wmuawmh xdyfwef;tqihf toHxGufaumif;wJh t&nf

○
○
taoG; &Sv d mwmyJjzpfw,f/ rvdv k m;tyfbJ us,af vmifaewJh

○
○
toHrsK;d r[kwaf y/ tHMh op&maumif;avmufatmif yDoMunfjr

○
○
wJhyHkpHvdkY qdk&rSmjzpfw,f/ Z9 u tvGefaumif;wJh Nuance

○
○
voice dialing eJY &,lEdkifwJh em;MuyfwpfpHkvnf; ygvmw,f/

○
Stereo Bluetooth headsets awGuv kd nf; yHyh ;kd aqmif&u
G af y;

○
○
Edkifygw,f/ xl;xl;jcm;jcm; aumif;rGefwJh web browser eJY

○
○
twl toHk;csEdkifw,f/ tD;ar;vfeJY instant-messaging
○
○
toHk;jyKrIudkawmh tuefYtowf vkyfxm;w,f/ AT & T avxGuaf yguf
○
○
uefx½dkuf 0efaqmifrIeJY csdwfqufay;xm;wJhtwGuf wjcm;
○

0efaqmifraI wGeYJ toH;k jyK&r,fth ajctaeudk twdtus rod&

○
○

ao;ay/ Laptops awGtwGuf HS DPA 3-6 uifr&mav;

○

Cerise Quad-Core Workstation

○

wpfvHk; xnfhoGif;yg&Sdvmw,f/ Built-in GPS pepfygjyD;

○
○

video-sharing features yg&Sdwm awGU&w,f/ owfrSwf

Cerise Quad-Core Workstation u uspfvspfwJh xd
○

a&mif;aps;u 349 a':vm jzpfw,f/

○

a&mufraI wGukd toH;k csEdik af pr,fh armf',fwpfcv

k Ykd q&kd rSm jzpf
○
○

w,f/ yumoetwGuf ZmcsJUjcif;r&Sd/ overclocking vnf;

○
○

ryg? bloat-ware vnf; ryg/ toHqlnHjcif;vnf; uif;wJh

○
○

puftrsKd;tpm;jzpfw,f/ aiGa&mifudk,fxnfeJY multimedia

○

power house wpfckudk zHk;tkyfay;xm;wJh yHkpHjzpfaew,f/

○
○

2.67 GHz Intel Core 2 Quad Q 6700 processor

○
○

wyfqifxm;jyD; 800 MHz DDR2 memory 3GB eJY 250 MB

○

nVidia GeForce 8600 GT graphics udk wGz J uf wyfqifxm;

○
○

ay;w,f/ 500 GB yrmP&SdjyD; 7200 rpm eJY vnfywfvkyf

○
○

udkifwJh hard drive av;ck yg0ifw,f/ oHk;cku RAID 5

○
○

&SdjyD; drive tvkyfrvkyfay;EdkifawmhwJhwdkif data aysmufqHk;

○
○

tvGef awmufy rI uif;Edkifw,fvdkY qdkxm;w,f/ Windows Media En-

○

coder test t& 56 puúefYom tcsdef,ljyD; Photoshop CS3

○

320 x 240 pixel display

○

av; yg&w
dS ,f/ qdk&if 26 puúefYeJY tqifoihfjzpfaeapygvdrhfr,f/ multi-
○
○

media performance twGuf prf;oyfppfaq;Munf& h m score

○
○

taeeJY 952 ck txd &&Sdxm;w,f/ Expansion vkyfzdkYae&m

○

awmfawmfrsm;rsm; &Edik w
f ,f/ jidrjf idro
f ufoufeYJ vkyu
f ikd af y;
○
○

wJhtwGuf ESpfjcdKufp&m aumif;vSw,f/ Windows Vista

○
○

eJY rvnfywfapvdk&ifvnf; XP eJY vnfywfEdkifpGrf;&Sdw,f/

○
○

owfrSwfa&mif;aps;u 3342 a':vmjzpfwmrdkY aps;EIef;awmh

○
○

MuD;aeygvdrhfr,f/
○
○
○

106 uGefysLwm*sme,f
 NEW PRODUCTS uGeyf sLwmtaxGaxG
Lenovo Think Cetre M57P ECO
Green PC tjzpf &nfñTef;xkwfvkyfxm;wmvdkY qdk&rSm jzpf
w,f/ qdkvdkwmu pGrf;tifoHk;pGJrIudk xdxda&mufa&mufjzpfapzdkY
txl;'DZdkif;jyK wnfaqmufxm;wm awGU&wmyJjzpfw,f/ pGrf;tif
oHk;pGJrIqdkwm vpOf ukefusEdkifwJht&mrdkY oHk;pGJr,fhESpfydkif;awG wpf
avQmufvHk; ay;aqmif&rSmrdkY yg0g,lepfoHk;pGJrIxufpm&if oHk;pGJol
awGtwGuf tusKd;rsm;pGmjzpfxeG ;f Edik yf gvdrrfh ,f/ txl;ojzifh ta&
twGuf rsm;rsm; toHk;jyK&wJh ukrÜPDawGtwGuf toihfavsmfqHk;
jzpfapEdkifw,f/ 'gayr,fh owfrSwfa&mif;csr,fh aps;EIef;u 1373
a':vm&SdwmrdkY wpfudk,fa& oHk;pGJolawGtaeeJY bwf*suft& aps;
tenf;i,f rsm;w,fvdkY qdkEdkifygvdrhfr,f/ 3.0 GHz Intel Core
2 Duo E 8400 processor udk wyfqifxm;jyD; 2GB DDR2
SDRAM eJY 128 MB Intel GMA 3100 graphics wdkYudk wJGzuf
ay;xm;w,f/ 7200 rpm SATA hard drive wyfqifxm;ay;jyD;
0ifqHhrIyrmPu 160 GB &Sdw,f/ Windows Vista Business udk toihfoGif;xm;ay;w,f/ System Case t&G,ftpm;u
3 .2 _10.8 _9.2 vufr&SdjyD; LCD moniter udk ¤if;tay:rSm xdkifxm;apw,f/ 'gaMumifh expansion room awGawmh
&SdaerSm r[kwfay/ Intel &JU vPro management aMumifh 45 watt om processor twGuf toHk;jyKrSmjzpfw,f/
○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○

Kodak Easyshare M1033

cspfp&m vSvyS y uifr&myHpk jH yKeJY Kodak u xkwv f yk cf hJ

wm jzpfw,f/ Kodak ukrÜPDxkwf uifr&mrsm;u omref
3 vufr t&G,f LCD u jyify tqihf0if point-and-shoot models rsm;om rsm;ayr,fh
aea&mifxrJ mS axmifMunfh vdYk &w,f/ Easy Share M 1033 taeeJYawmh 10 mega pixel ta&mif
taoG;&&Sad pjyD; features awG wpfyw kH pfyifyg&Svd mwm awGU&
w,f/ udk,fxnfta&mif 6 rsKd;eJY 0,f,l&&SdEdkifrSm jzpfw,f/
HD video recarding vnf; &Edkifw,f/ ½dkufuGif;½dkufcsuf
ppfaq;EdkifzdkY 3 vufrt&G,f LCD display av; yg&Sdvm&m
Recessed jyifyaea&mifxJrSm apmihfMunfhvdkY&EdkifwJh taetxm;&Sdw,f/
power 'Dvtkd &nftaoG;wlwhJ trsK;d tpm;udk Canen wHqyd ef YJ 0,f,l
cvkwef JY r,fqdk&if aps;EIef; tifrwefBuD;rm;EdkifrSmjzpfayr,fh Easy-
shutter Share M 1033 uawmh 199 a':vmeJY a&mif;csay;ygw,f/
cvkwfawGu ½du
k cf suwf ikd ;f twGuf setting awGukd tvdt k avsmuf optimi-
ESyd &f awmh cufw,f/ ser vkyfwmwdkY scene analyzes vkyfwmwdkY vkyfay;EdkifwJh
smart capture mode ygwmrdkY aMu;pm;"mwfyHkq&mwpf
a,muf ½dkufwJh images rsKd;awGukd tvG,w f ul &,lEikd af prSm
jzpfw,f/ a':vm 200 wefatmuf uifr&mwpfvHk;u 1280
x 720 resolution eJY HD quality video ½du k uf ;l ay;Edik w
f mudk
u pdwf0ifpm;p&m aumif;aeygw,f/

pufwifbm? 2008 107

 NEW PRODUCTS

Lacie Little Big Disk Quadra

tifrwefMuD;rm;wJh files awGudk tvsiftjref ae&mopf

qDudk ajymif;a&TUzdkY vdktyfavh&SdwJh video professional awGvkd
power users awGtwGuf txl;toHk;0ifapr,fh drivers jzpf
wmrdkY video pro's Dream drive vdkY ac:a0:cJhw,f/ La cie
Little Big Disk Quadra u 5400 rpm eJY tvkyfvkyfay;wJh
0ifqrhH yI rmP 250 GB eJY SATA drives ESpcf w k JG wyfqifxm;
wmjzpfw,f/ 'D drives awG&JU transfer rates u USB.20
pGr;f aqmifEikd pf rG ;f xuf 60 &mcdik Ef eI ;f ydrk kd jrefqef wmrdYk Light-
ning-fast eSATA vdkY todtrSwfjyKMu&w,f/ extended
drive wpfcktaeeJY yHkaowyfqif toHk;jyKEdkifovdk uGefysLwm
pufawGtMum; ajymif;a&TU vkyfudkifwJh drive taeeJYvnf;
toHk;csEdkifrSmjzpfw,f/ enf;ynmoabmt&awmh portable
hard drive vdkY rac:qdkEdkifay/ taMumif;u ¤if;udk toHk;jyKzdkY
AC Adapter wpfckudk wGJay;zdkYvdktyfaevdkYyJjzpfw,f/ 2 'or 5 vufrt&G,ftpm; drives ESpfck yl;uyfxm;wmrdkY udk,fxnf
t&G,ftpm;u 1.6 _3.3 _ 5.5 vufr&Sdygw,f/ 'D drive u Windows (NTFS) jzpfjzpf? Mac (HFST) jzpfjzpf? MudKuf
ovdk format cs,El ikd yf gw,f/ interface av;ckygw,f/ Backup aqmhz0f aJ wG wpfyw
kH pfyif ygvmw,f/ owfrw
S f a&mif;aps;u
a':vm 450 jzpfw,f/
○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○

HP Color Laserjet CM1312NFI MFP

t&G,ftpm;tm;jzifh 19.1 _ 19.6 _ 19.3 vufr&SdjyD;

54.5 aygifav;wmrdkY t&G,ftpm;ao;i,fwJh avqm y&if
wm wpfckvdkY qdk&ayr,fh oHk;pJGwJhae&mrSm xdxda&mufa&muf
ydkifydkifEdkifEdkif pGrf;aqmifay;EdkifwJh y&ifwmtrsKd;tpm;wpfck
jzpfw,f/ tdrfwGif;vkyfief;rSmoHk;oHk;? pD;yGm;a&; vkyfief;ao;
av;twGuo f ;kH oH;k txl;oihaf vsmaf prSmjzpfw,f/ all-in-one
color laser trsKd;tpm;jzpfwmrdkY Scanner taeeJYjzpfjzpf?
fer machine taeeJYjzpfjzpf rdwåLul;puftaeeJYjzpfjzpf pG,fpHk
oH;k Edik w
f ,f/ owfrw S af &mif;cswJh aps;EIe;f u 499 a':vmjzpf
wmaMumifh oihfavsmfwJh aps;EIef;wpfck jzpfaew,f/ jyD;jynfhpHk
wJh y&ifwmvdYk rqdo k mayr,fh txifMuD;p&m y&ifwmvdYk awmh
ajymEdkifygvdrhfr,f/ pm&Gufa& 50 xnfhxm;vdkY&wJh auto-
matic feeder u multi page document awGukd acsmacsmarGU
19 'or 1 vufr _ 19 'or 6 vufr _19 'or
arGU y&ifhxkwfay;Edkifw,f/ Monochrome twGuf wpfrdepf
19.3 vufr t&G,t
f pm; &Sjd y;D 54 'or 5 aygif
udk 12 rsufESm xkwfay;EdkifjyD; colon twGuf wpfrdepfudk 8
av;w,f/
rsufESm xkwfay;Edkifygw,f/ yHkESdyfjyD; xGufvmwJhtcg text
t&nftaoG; taumif;qHk;&Edkifovdk "mwfyHkeJY *&yfzpfawGudk
auseyfp&maumif;wm awGU&ygw,f/

108 uGefysLwm*sme,f
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567 uGeyf sLwmtaxGaxG
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
uspv
f spf yg;vswhJ
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
ASUS LS221H armfew
D m
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
zefeYJ om;a&wdYk &UJ thrH cef;zG,&f m vdu
k zf ufru
I kd aemufq;kH
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
ay: 22 vufr jrifuGif;xJodkY &oajrmufpGm aygif;pyf xnfh
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
oGi;f xm;wJh ASUS LS221H LCD armfew D mudk rdwq f ufay;
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
vdkygw,f/ ¤if;onf vSyrIeJY enf;ynmwdkYudk wpfom;wnf;
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
a&mpyf xm;jcif;vdkY qdkEdkifygw,f/ eDvmowåK&JU rmausmrI
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
tqifhrsKd; (9H) &dSwJh zefom;rsufESmjyif[m vSyrIeJY tMurf;cH
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
f hJ pGr;f &nf&ySd gw,f/ 'gaMumifh zefom;rsuEf mS jyifrmS jcpf&m tion II" lighting effect u vuf&Sd zefom;jyifay:u yH&k yd af wG
Edik w
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
rxifEdkifwJhtjyif tvGefjrifhwJh tvif;xkwfvTwfrIEIef; 96 eJY vdkufzufwJh a&mifpHk umvmtvif;wef;awGudk xkwfvTwf
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
&mcdkifEIef;eJY tvGefedrfhwJh tvif;jyefEIef; 2&mcdkifEIef;om&dSwJh ay;rSm jzpfygw,f/
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
twGuf ta&miftaoG;pHkvifjyD; Munfvifjywfom;wJh ½kyfyHk ASUS xkwfukefrsm;ESifhywfoufí odvdkonfrsm;udk
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
awGudk cHpm;EdkifrSm jzpfygw,f/ Golden Power Technology trSwf (4)? 13 vrf; (atmuf)?
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
,ck LS221H LCD rSm om;a&tppfukd oH;k xm;jyD; ouf vrf;rawmfjrdKUe,f? &efukefjrdKU/ zkef;? 226664 odkY qufoG,f
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
awmif houfom cHpm;rIrsKd;udk &ygvdrfhr,f/ "Light-in-Mo- ar;jref; pHkprf;Edkifygw,f/
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○

12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567 pufwifbm? 2008 109
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567

White Paper
&J&iho
f pfviG af om BIOS
yxrqH;k aom IBM PC udk
rdwfqufay;jyD;uwnf;u
BIOS enf;ynm[m
trsm;Mu;D wd;k wuf jzpfxeG ;f rI
r&Scd b
hJ ;l / UEFI (United
Extensible Firmware
Interface) u
'gudk ajymif;vJypfawmhrSm
jzpfw,f/
yg0gcvkwfudk zGihfvdkufwmeJY oihf
uGeyf sLwm[m tvGet f vkyrf sm;wJah e&m
jzpfvmw,f/ oihf operating system
&JU wHqyd f trSwt
f om; MudKqdrk jI rifuiG ;f
splash screen ay: rvmao;ciftxd
oihf PC [m jypfcsuf&Sm prf;oyfrIawG
vkyfaqmifMuw,f/ Hard drive eJY
videocards vdk ta&;ygwJh hardware
tpdwftydkif;awG aumif;rGef pGm tvkyf
vkyf rvkyf aocsmapzdkY&m jzpfygw,f/
oihf&JU memory u toihfjzpf&JUvm;
twnfjyKay;&w,f/ uD;bkwfeJY armfeD
wmvdk jyify ud&d,mawG qufoG,f
xm;jyD; tvkyfvkyf&JUvm; ppfaq;&
uGeyf sLwmtaxGaxG
w,f/ Ports eJY bus awGrSm data awG erating system toufr0ifao;cif
acsmarGUpGm pD;qif;&JUvm; prf;oyfMunfh rSmawmif od&wJh taMumif;uawmh
&w,f/ wpfckck cRwf,Gif;aewm&Sd&if BIOS (basic input/output system)
owday;ygw,f/ &SdaevdkY jzpfygw,f/ Non volatile
oif h u G e f y sLwmu 'D t &mawG flash memory twGif;rSm&Sdí mo-
tm;vHk; b,fvdk vkyf&r,fqdkwm op- therboard tay: vHkjcHKpGm txdkifcsjyD;
tvkyfvkyfyHk UEFI boot sequence tpDtpOf
pufvyk af qmifrI boot sequence
tjy;D owf / vnf ywf vkyaf qmifru
I kd
operating-system odkYvufvTJay;
EFI operating system
loader \ tpDtpOfpm&if;twkid ;f
boot vkyaf qmifay;
Drivers eJY applications rsm;
wpfcjk y;D wpfckac:wif
pHjyK firmware platform tpjyK
System BIOS vkyif ef; jy;D pD;wJh tcg UEFI 0ifa&mufvmw,f/ Device drivers awG
ac:wifay;r,f/ ¤if;u ½d;k pif;aom applications awGvnf; ac:wifEikd w f ,f/
Oyrmtm;jzifh tGev
f ikd ;f ay:oo
Ykd mG ;? download qGcJ s jy;D driver updates rsm; install
vkyf jcif;awG tvdt k avsmuf aqmif&uG af p zd&Yk m pDpOfcsrw
S af y;xm;Edik w
f ,f/
'gukd jy;D pD;wmeJY UEFI u operating system loader udk pwifjy;D OS rsm;pGmrS
a&G;,lz&Ykd m ay;urf;w,f/ oif a&G;cs,rf jI yKjy;D wmeJY OS wufvmjy;D xde;f csKyf
vkyfaqmifrIudk vufvTJ,lvdkufw,f/
pufwifbm? 2008 111
uGeyf sLwmtaxGaxG
ajymif;vJrI rvkyfcJhwmaMumihf BIOS
csed n
f &d§ jcif;[m aocsmavhusifh oif,rl I
r&Sdaom? *½kwpdkufr&Sdaom users awG
twGuf 'ku©a&mufaeapao;w,f/
BIOS udk rrSefruef update vkyfrd&if
yJjzpfjzpf? flash a&;rSwfrI process jyK
vk y f p Of yg0gjywf o G m ;wmyJ j zpf j zpf
ta&;udpöawG jzpfvm&if oihf mo-
therboard udk ysufpD;apzdkY&m tvm;
tvm cdkatmif;aevdrhfr,f/

tkwfjrpftopf
UEFI (United Extensible Firm-
ware Interface) u aemufqHk;rSm PC
awG&JU BIOS architecture udk tajc
PC yg0g zGiv
fh u
kd w
f meJY ckex
f vkyaf qmif enf;vnf; enf;? usJvnf;usJí wdk; tjrpfusus ajymif;vJypfp&m &Sdw,f/
w,f/ BIOS instructions ñTefMum; wuf vkyfaqmifrI wpfqihfpDudkvnf; ¤if;&JU uefYowfcsufawG y,fazsmufí
csufawGudk vnfywf vkyfaqmifzdkY&m acwfaemufusaejyDjzpfaom rlv tkwf udkifwG,fjyKjyif& ydkí ab;uif;atmif
memory ay:odkY ac:wifp&m rvdkwJh jrpf foundation tay:yJ qufwifcMhJ u vkyfay;r,f/ 'gayr,fh ¤if;u BIOS
twGuf firmware vdkYvnf; rMumcP w,f/ 'Denf;ynm[m ajymif;vJí r& udk z,f&Sm;ypfrSmawmh r[kwfygbl;/
&nfñTef;Muw,f/ aom ROM (read-only memory) 1998 ckEpS rf mS Intel ü pwif oaE¨
r&Sdrjzpf ta&;ygvSovdk ouf chips uaejyD; settings awG ajymif;Edkif wnfpu Intel Boot Initiative vdYk ac:
wrf;Mumjrihjf yDjzpfaom BIOS architec- í vHk;0topfjzpfaom version xnfh cJMh uwJh UEFI [m azmfxw k af &;tqihrf mS
ture [m tajccHusus tvHk;pHk jyKjyif oGif;EdkifrI cGihfjyKwJh odkavSmifa&; stor- yJ ESpaf ygif;rsm;pGm MuefYMumaecJ&h w,f/
rGrf;rHzdkY&m tcsdefawmfawmfvGefaejyD/ age medium tqihfxdawmh ajymif;cJh 'gayr,fh 2005 ckESpf rSmawmh
DOS, Windows, Windows 3.1, Win- w,f / atmuf c H enf ; ynmtaeeJ Y Intel u UEFI forum ñGefYaygif;tzGJU
dows 98, Windows XP ponfjzifh
Microsoft operating systems
t"du rsKd;qufig;ck jzwfoef;jyD;cJhMu
jyD/ ,ck q|rajrmuf Vista awmif wpf
ESpfwmrQ oufwrf;&vmjyD/ 'gayr,fh
BIOS architecture uawmh trsm;MuD;
ajymif;cJhw,f&,fvdkY r&Sdyg/ jyD;awmh
vnf; udkifwG,foHk;pGJEdkifwJh memory
space u 128 KB yJ&SdvkdY tvGef uefY
owfcHxm;&w,f/ Expansion cards
tay: odrf;xm;wJh tydk option ROM
firmware vkyfaqmifzdkY&m cufw,f/
pepfuvufcEH ikd w
f hJ cards ta&twGuf
qdk;0g;pGm uefYowfcHxm;&w,f/
BIOS tqihjf r§iwfh ifraI wGuvnf;

112 uGefysLwm*sme,f

zGJUpnf;um UEFI standard wGef;tm;
ay; vIHYaqmfpDrHjyD; vkyfief;tzGJUtpnf;
awGu us,fjyefYpGm vufcH oHk;pGJvmMu
zdkY rpf&Sif aqmif&GufcJhw,f/ Intel, Mi-
crosoft, AMD, Dell, IBM eJY HP awG
tzGJU0iftjzpf yg0ifwJhtwGuf UEFI
taejzifh ajyma&;qdkcGihf wpfpHkwpf&m &Sd
vmaMumif; &nfñTef;aeygw,f/
'gjzih&f if UEFI udk twdtus ajym
r,fq&kd if bmvJ/ UEFI Forum rS xkwf
jyefxm;wmuawmh "Operating sys-
tem wpfck\ tMudK pufEId; pre-boot
0ef;usiftwGuf pepfxdef;csKyfrI ulnD
udkifwG,fay;aom interface Mum;cH
tquftoG,\ f tao;pdwf owfrw S f
csuf specification" vdkY qdkygw,f/
'g[m oyGwftlvdkufaeaom BIOS
taMumif; &Sif;jycsufvdkY oif xif&if
vnf; oifhtvGefawmh r[kwfygbl;/
UEFI u ay;urf;wJh tusKd;tjrwfawG
[m urÇmhwkefapavmufatmif rjzpfay
r,fh vufawGU jzpfEikd jf yD; tajctjrpfus
ta&;ygw,f/
ydak umif;aom BIOS
UEFI [m yDjyif oyf&yfwJh high-
resolution graphical user interface
(GUI) ud k taxmuf t yH h a y;w,f /
'gaMumifh oif[m OS tMudK0ef;usifukd
wGJpyf pDpOfrI configure jyKvkyfpOf
tMurf;xnfqefvw S hJ pmom;awGyJ ai;
Munfhaep&m rvdkawmhyg/ pdwfMudKuf
wGJpyfjyKjyifxm;wJh boot-device com-
bination awG tcgrsm;pGmrSm atmifjrif
pGmwufzdkY aocsmapw,f/ txl;jyK
hardware vdktyfcsufawG avsmhusap
r,f/ BIOS xuf ydkjrefaom boot
times ay;urf;r,f/ Server eJY yg0g
users awGtwGuf txl;wvnf ta&;
MuD;aom aMumif;cGJ factor jzpfygw,f/
jref&jcif;taMumif;u ¤if;[m BIOS
&JU qm;upf taopGJ code path tay:
rrSDckdvdkY jzpfw,f/ jyD;awmh UEFI [m
tajccHpuwnf;udu k 32 eJY 64 bit op-
erating systems ESpfrsKd;vHk;eJY tvkyf
vkyfzdkY&m 'DZdkif;jyKxm;w,f/ 'gayr,fh
¤if;u BIOS twGuf jyKvkyfxm;aom
operating systems awGeYJ vnf; back-
ward compatible tjzpf oHk;pGJaeEdkifyg
ao;w,f/
UEFI udk C y½d* k &rf bmompum;
eJY a&;xm;wJhtwGuf pHjyK program-
uGeyf sLwmtaxGaxG
ming tools awGo;kH jyD; jyKjyif tqihjf r§ifh
Edkifw,f/ BIOS u assembly lan-
guage eJYa&;xm;vdYk y½d* k &rfrmawGtae
eJY zwf½eI m;vnf jyifqifzYkd &mcufw,f/
UEFI application programming in-
terface (API) u y½d*
k &rfrmawG&UJ b0
udk ydkvG,fatmif vkyfay;ygw,f/ a&S;
a[mif; firmware eJY qufET,faom
qDavsmfpGm qufpyfoHk;pGJEdkifrI? jyKjyif
xde;f odr;f rIupd aö wG rvdak tmif vkyx
f m;
wJhtwGuf developers awGtaeeJY PC
products topf 'DZdkif;xkwfzdkY&m tcsdef
ydkenf;oGm;ygw,f/ oDtdk&Dt& pufu
b,fvdk operating system rsKd;rqkd
ac:wifEidk zf Ykd&m UEFI uGeyf sLwmtm;vH;k
twGuf device driver wpfckwnf;yJ
a&;p&mvdkr,f/
rSe;f xm;ovdk jzpfrvmwmuawmh
PC vkyfief;rS UEFI udk vufcHusihfoHk;
azmfaqmifvm&ifvnf; BIOS udk vH;k 0
z,f&mS ;ypfrmS r[kwjf cif;yg/ tenf;qH;k
awmh pm;oH k ; ol t qih f Windows
tajccH uGefysLwmawGtwGuf jzpfyg
w,f/ 'Denf;ynmopfu BIOS &JU axG
jym; jiD;aiGUzG,f vkyfief;trsm;pkudk udkif
wG,o f nfyjJ zpfjzpf? vTaJ jymif;aqmif&u
G f
aponfyJjzpfjzpf UEFI [m POST
(power-on self test) tygt0if tcsKdU
t&mawGtwGuf Low-level firmware
tay: rSDcdk&qJ jzpfygw,f/
'Dt&mu vdktyfw,f/ bmjzpfvdkY
vnf;qdkawmh consumer PC aps;uGuf
qdw k mu pHjyKowfrw S cf suftay: wnf
rSDí axGjym; jrm;ajrmifvSpGmaom xkwf
vkyfolawGxHrS axGjym; jrm;ajrmifvSpGm
aom tpdwftydkif;awG aygif;pyf wnf
aqmufí jzpfygw,f/ Motherboard
xkwfvkyfolawG[m rsm;pGmaom CPU
architectures, core-logic chipsets,
memory trsKd;tpm;awG? I/O devices
eJY LAN controllers awGrS a&G;,lEdkif
pufwifbm? 2008 113
uGeyf sLwmtaxGaxG
dows Vista [m UEFI tygt0if awmh tjrwfrm*sif yg;vsjyD;om;[mudk
b,f v d k EFI rsKd ; eJ Y r S boot vk y f z d k Y xyfrHwdkufpm;aewJh tydkukefusp&dwf
taxmuftyHh ray;bl;/ trSefwu,f aMumifh enf;ynmudk tjrifwpfrsKd;eJY
rSm Vista &JU 32 bit version [m EFI rS MunhfMuygw,f/
booting support b,fawmhrQ ay;r,fh UEFI odkY oGm;&mvrf;[m &Snf
yHk r&Sdbl;/ vsm;Edkifygw,f/ 'gayr,fh wpfzuf
Microsoft &JU ajyma&; qdkcGihf&Sdol ydwfvrf;r[kwfwmawmh aocsmw,f/
tqdkt& EFI boot twGuf yxrqHk; UEFI [m Intel Itanium CPU tajccH
taxmuftyHh[m Windows Server servers awGtwGuf pre-OS firmware
OS awGtwGuf a&mufvmr,fvdkY arQmf tjzpf a&G;cs,fcHxm;&jyD; jzpfw,f/
w,f/ aemuf Phoenix 'grSr[kwf rSef;&w,f/ 64-bit Windows Vista ydkjyD; ta&;MuD;wmuawmh Apple &JU
AMI vdk BIOS vendor awG&JU ulyHhrIeJY pepfawGtwGuf native EFI boots Intel based macintosh uGey f sLwmawG
xdk oD;oD;oefYoefY hardware tpk a&mufvmp&m &Sdw,f/ [mvnf; 'D enf;ynm oHk;xm;wmyg
taygif; pwif vkyfaqmifzdkY&m vdktyf 'gayr,fh UEFI udk vufcu H sio hf ;kH yJ/ PC ukefxkwfvkyfief;taeeJY 'Dvdk
aom oD;oD;oefYoefY firmware azmf rI aES;auG;aejcif;rSm Microsoft u wpfyef;omrIrsK;d Appl rS umv&Snf Mum
xkwf,l&w,f/ wpfckwnf;aom taMumif;&if; [kwfyHk pGJudkifxm;rIudk vufcHtavQmhay;rSm
,aeYaps;uGufü &Edkifaom mo- r&bl;/ System manufacturer awGu r[kwfwm aocsmygw,f/
therboards eJY motheroard tpdwf 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
tydkif;rsm;\ jzpfEdkiforQaom twGJ 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
Firmware
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
oufom? jyifvG,f ajymif;vG,fjzpf
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
tpyftm;vHk; xnfhoGif; pOf;pm;ay;Edkif 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
Firmware qdw k m hardware ud&d aMumif; xkwfvkyfolawGu awGY&Sdvm
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
avmufatmif jyifv, G f ajymif;vG,jf zpf 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
,mxJ xnf o
h i
G ;
f jr§
K yf
EyHS g&Sw
d hJ uGeyf sLwm w,f/ &v'ftjzpf vuf&Sd hardware
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
wJh firmware rsKd; 'DZdkif;jyKzdkY&m rjzpfEdkif 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
y½dk*&rfudk qdkvdkw,f/ Oyrmtm;jzifh trsm;pk[m ¤if;vdktyfwJh firmware udk
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
bl;/ micro controller vdt k &mrsK;d / trnfu host uGefysLwmxJ roGif;rcsif; toHk;
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
odYk wikd f UEFI azmfxw &nfneT ;f wJt
h wkid ;f firmware u hard- jyKEkdifavmufatmif rvkyfaqmifbl;/
k af &;tzGUJ u 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
awmh tem*wfrmS xdn 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
k rD Qjcif;udk ajymif; 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
ware eJY software Mum;uswhJ ae&m wpf 'Dvdk firmware tvkyf0efudk device
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
ypfzdkY&m enf;ynmtay: jyif;jyif;xef 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
ae&m&mrSm &Sw d ,f/ Software vdyk J ¤if; driver u ukdifwG,fay;ygw,f/
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
[m micro processor 'grSr[kwf mi-
xef tm;xkwf MudK;yrf;vsuf &Sdw,f/ 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
ñGefYaygif;tzGJU&JU Platform Initializa- 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
crocontroller u vnfywfvkyfaqmif BIOS
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
tion Architecture qdw 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
Basic Input / Output System
k m ,aeY BIOS 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
ay;&wJh uGefysLwm y½dk*&rfwpfck jzpf
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
u axmufyv hH su&f adS om firmware-to- 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
w,f/ 'gayr,fh hardware tykid ;f tpeJY IBM PC awGrSm yg0gzGifhvkdufpOf run
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
wif;usyfpGm csdwfqufaewJhtwGuf wJh firmware code udk &nfneT ;f w,f/
silicon interface trsKd;tpm;udk udkif 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
wG,fzdkY 'DZdkif; jyKxm;w,f/ jyifyrSm bmt"dyÜm,frQ r&Sdbl;/ BIOS &JU yifr vkyfief;aqmifwmu
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
acwfay:pepfawGrSm csdwfquf hard drive, floppy eJY optical drives
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
'gqkd b,fawmh a&mufvmrvJ wyfqifwJhud&d,m trsm;pk[m olwdkY vdk hardware tpdwftykdif;awG azmf
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
udk,fEdIufu ukd,fykdif software udk run xkwf EdI;qGay;zdkY&myJ/ rD'D,mtrsKd;rsKd;
tusKd;tjrwfrsm;pGm &Sdonfhwdkif 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
wJh txl;jyKuGefysLwmawG jzpfw,f/ tay: odkavSmifxm;wJh tjcm; soft-
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
EFI toGifyHkpH wpfrsKd;rsKd; consumer 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
d mxJu wcsKdU[m ROM twGi;f ware y½dk*&rfawGtaeeJY ac:wif? vkyf
PC awGtay: tawGU&rsm;aom omref 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
'Du&d ,
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
software ("firmware") odrf;qnf; aqmif? PC tay: xdef;csKyfrI&,lEkdifap
t&m jzpfvmzdkY&m tcsdeftawmf MumOD; 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
yg&Sdw,f/ 'gayr,fh ESpfawGMumanmif; zdkY&m pufudk jyifqifay;jcif; jzpfw,f/
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
r,f/ UEFI Forum rSm microsoft yg0if 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
aomf j im;vnf ; uk r Ü P D [ m aemuf 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
vmawmh firmware udk tdrf&Sif host 'Denf;pOfudk booting ,booting up vdkY
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
system rS ac:wif&jcif;[m aps;vnf; ac:Muw,f/
aMumif; jyefvSnfhoGm;cJhw,f/ Win- 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789

114 uGefysLwm*sme,f
 uGeyf sLwmtufaq;

tifwmeufEiS hf t*Fvyd pf m
odrYk [kwf
t*Fvyd b
f mompum;aysmufu,
G o
f mG ;rSmaomujzpfrw
d u
hJ Reaf wmf

vGefcJhwJh 8 ESpfavmufuwnf;u udef;*Pef;awGvnf;qdkawmh urÇm 'DESpfrSm a':vm 60 bDvD,Hxd &Sdvm

text messaging qdkwJh tifwmeufudk ay:rSm 'DpmayudkoHk;pGJjyD; message cJyh gw,f/ 'Dvkd oH;k pGo
J l rsm;jym;vmrIukd
toHk;jyKjyD; wpfOD; azmfjywJh udef;*Pef;awG
ES i f h w pf O D ; pma&; u ajcmufvSefYvmwm
om; qufoG,fvm jzpf y gw,f / t*F v d y f
wJ h t wG u f a Mumif h bmompum;ajymwJ h
,drf; ,dkif vm wJh t*F v ef E k d i f i H r S m qd k & if
pmaytaMumif ; ud k wpfvrSmmessage aygif;
jyif;xefpGmyJ tjiif; 6 bD v D , H x d &S d a eyg
tck H jzpf y G m ;vmcJ h w,f/ oHk;pGJolawG rsm;
ygw,f / Textese vmovdk wdk;wuf oHk;pGJ
qdwk hJ pmaya&;om;rI vmwJ h EI e f ; uvnf ;
[m t*Fvdyfbmom jref q ef v maeygw,f /
pum;&JU rluGJwpfck 'gayr,f h vl w csKd U u
tjzpf rMumrDuyif ylyef pdk;&drfvsuf &Sdyg
ay:ayguf v mcJ h y g w,f/ taMumif;uawmh
w,f/ olu tvGef 'D message awG r S m
wduswJh pum;vHk; tu©&mESifh udef;*Pef;
awG pdwfcHpm;rIawG awGudk cGJjcm; rjrifMubJ
udk vuf&o dS ;kH pGaJ ewJh a&maxG ; oH k ; pG J x m;yg
tu© & mawG ud e f ; w,f/ jyD;awmh Asnf;awG?
*Pef;awGeYJajymif;vJ o&awG? yk'jf zwfawG£%
oHk;pGJvmcJhwmyJ jzpfygw,f/ 'gaMumifh ay;ydkYMuwJh OD;a&[m 2 'or 3 x&D udkvnf; pnf;pepfrxm;bJ oHk;pGJMuyg
bmompum;udk jrwfEdk;wG,fwmolawG vD,H &Sv d mcJyh gw,f/ 'Dta&twGu[ f m w,f/ vlawG[m wpfOD;ESifhwpfOD;
t*Fvdyfpmayudk oifMum;ay;aewJh 2007 ckESpfu ta&twGufxuf 20 b,fvdkqufoG,f em;vnfEkdifMurSmvJ
q&mawGukd xdwv f efYomG ;apcJyh gw,f/ &mckid Ef eI ;f ? 2000 ckEpS u
f 150 &mckid Ef eI ;f qdkwmudkawmif rodawmhbl; jzpfvm
olwdkY&JU pdk;&drfrIawG ydkajcmufvSefYay;wJh wdk;wufvmwmjzpfygw,f/ jyD;awmh ygw,f/ 'Dawmh text message awG
avmifpmxdk;ay;wJh udef;*Pef;awG w,fvzD ek ;f ukrP Ü aD wG&UJ 0ifaiG[mvnf; aMumifh pmrwwfolawG jzpfvmawmh
uvnf ; &S d v mcJ h y gw,f / b,f v d k vsifjrefpGmyJ wdk;wufvmcJhygw,f/ rSmvm;/ jyD;awmh t*Fvdyfbmompum;

pufwifbm 2008 115

 uGeyf sLwmtufaq;

rufaqhcsfawGrSm tu©&mESifh udef;*Pef; awGudk cGJjcm;rjrifMubJ a&maxG; oHk;pGJxm;yg w,f/

jyD;awmh Asnf;awG? o&awG? yk'fjzwfawGudkvnf; pnf;pepf rxm;bJ oHk;pGJMuygw,f/
vlawG[m wpfOD;ESifhwpfOD; b,fvdkqufoG,f em;vnf
m;vnfEkdifMurSmvJ qdkwmudkawmif
rodawmhb;l jzpfvmygw,f/

a&m uG , f a ysmuf o G m ;awmh r S m vm;/ &Sdaeygw,f/ odkYaomfvnf; jAdwdefEkdifiH
pdk;&drfp&m jzpfvmygw,f/ 'DtaMumif; &JU bmomaA'q&m David Crystal u
ud k pwif owd a y;vmwmuawmh aemufqHk;pmtkyfwpftkyf xkwfa0cJhyg
bmompum;udk avhvmaeolawGyJ w,f/ 'DpmtkyfrSm taMumif;t&mtcsKdU
jzpfygw,f/ ausmif;q&mawGeJY rdb udk zGifh[ a&;om;cJhygw,f/ pmtkyf
awGvnf; ygvmygw,f/ 'Dvdk ta&; trnfu Txtng : the Gr8 Db8
tom;awGudk ausmif;cef;xJrSm a&;vm (= texting : the great deviate)
wm awGYwJhtcg wm;jrpf jyKjyifay;vm jzpfygw,f/ 'DrSm a,bk,stcsuf
&ygw,f/ rifeDudkoHk;jyD; jyifay;ae&yg ES p f c suf u d k ol u wif j ycJ h y gw,f /
w,f/ txl;jcm;qHk;vluawmh jAdwdef wpf c k u texting bmompum;[m
EkdifiHrS John Humphrys qdkol jzpfyg vlawGxifoavmuf wdrf;yg;oGm;rI
w,f/ olYtvdt k & texting qdw k m rvdk r&Sdao;ygbl;wJh/ aemufwpfcsufu
rkef;xm;vdkY zsufqD;rIwpf&yf jzpfae texting [m vli,fawGukd ydjk yD; wpfO;D eJY
ygw,f/ aemufwpfa,mufuawmh wpfO;D qufo, G wf wfvmapygw,fw/hJ
pma&;q&mrwpfO;D jzpfygw,f/Lynne odyfrqdk;ao;ygbl;vdkYvnf; qdkxm;yg
Truss qdkoljzpfjyD; texting udk ESpfjcdKuf w,f/ yxrtcsufeJYywfoufjyD; olu
olvnf; jzpfygw,f/ 'gayr,fh olru pkpnf;wifjycJhygw,f/ Texting rSm
b,fawmhrS olpmxJrSm abbreviation toHk;jyKwJh pepfawGudkvnf; axmufjy
twdkaumufawGudk xnfhoHk;jcif; rjyK cJ h y gw,f / Pictogram ½k y f y H k r sm;?
ygbl;/ Texting udk urÇmay:rSm pwif initialisms acronyms twdkaumuf
oHk;pGJcJhjyD; wpfEkdifiHvHk; twkdif;twmeJY rsm;? contractions twdkcsKH;rIESifh tjcm;
oH k ; pG J c J h w J h jAd w d e f E k d i f i H r S m texting t&mrsm;udk azmfjycJyh gw,f/ a&S;a[mif;
qefYusifa&; pwifcJhygw,f/ John bmompum;rsm;rS 20 &mpk toHvTifhrI
Sutherland qdkoluawmh texting [m wGif yg0ifaom bmompum; oHk;pGJrI
uav;awG&JU oif,lrI? a&;zwfrIwdkYudk wGifyg0ifonfh wlnDrIrsm;udk axmufjy
usqif;apwJh a&m*gyJvdkY qdkcJhygw,f/ cJhygw,f/ pma&;q&mMuD; &SdwfpyD;,m;
odkYaomfvnf; bmomaA'q&mrsm;u onfyif ]wDxGifpum;vHk;rsm;} ? ]pum;
'Dta&;rSm tckcsdefxd jidrfoufaeqJyJ vHk;rsm;rS toHrsm;azsmufjcif; ponf
rsm;udk jyKvkyfcJhonf[k qdkxm;onf/
(olYtrnfukd vufrw S af &;xd;k &mwGiyf if
yHkpH 6 rsKd;jzifhjyKvkyfcJhygw,f/) Oyrm
P-M qdkaom pum;vHk;onf vufwif
bmom post-meridiem t"dyÜm,frSm
]aeYv,ftvGef} qdkwmudk odol &Sm;ae
ygw,f/ 1666 ckESpfu ysif;&daom
qd;k oGr;f vli,fwpfO;D u pwif rSww f rf;
wifcJhwm jzpfygw,f/ tqdk;jrifolrsm;
u ysuf p D ; rI u d k awG Y j rif a omf v nf ;
oluawmh zGHYjzdK;rIudkyJ ,lqxm;yg
w,f / ol u wa&G U a&G U jzpf p Of u d k
,HkMunfolwpfOD;jzpfw,f/ tar&duef
wdkY\ awmfvSefa&;uyif t*Fvdyfpmay
twGuf MuD;rm;aom tusKd;qufrsm;
udk ay;cJhwmyJ r[kwfygvm;/ &vmwJh
tar&duef t*FvdyfpmESifh t*Fvef
t*FvdyfpmwdkY&JU jcm;em;csufudk owif;
pmoHk; t*FvdyfpmESifh text message yg
t*FvdyfpmwdkYudk jcm;em;csufawGeJY
uGmjcm;rIr&SdbJ ydkajymaewmyJ jzpfyg
w,fwJh/ (pdwf0ifpm;zG,faumif;wmu
tar&duefESifh t*FvdyfwdkY&JU texting
awG[m jcm;em;csufr&SdwJh tcsufyJ
jzpfygw,f/)
'DrSmwif bmompum;udk jrwfEdk;
olawGu yg0ifvmcJhygw,f/ prf;oyf
ppfaq;rIawG jyKvmcJhygw,f/ bmawGY

116 uGefysLwm*sme,f
 uGeyf sLwmtufaq;

vm&ovJqdkawmh texting a&;om;ay; twdkaumufygw,f/ toHudk toHk;jyK awmh & S d w ,f / 'D texting aMumif h
ydYk whJ uav;awG[m twdak umufpmvH;k wmawG ygaeygw,f/ wpfcg Txtng: uRefawmfwdkY&JU wDxGifzefwD;rIpGrf;tm;
awGudk trsm;qHk;oHk;wJhuav;awG[m the 6r8 Db8 rSm o&awGudk jzKwfxm; awG wdk;vm? zGHYjzdK;vmrSm jzpfygw,f/
pmzwfwahJ e&m pum;vH;k <u,f0wJah e&m w,f/ tu©&mESifh udef;*Pef;udk a&m bmompum;wpfck aysmufuG,f wdrf
awGrSm odyfawmfaewmudk awGYvmyg axG; toHk;jyKxm;ygw,f/ toHudk aumoGm;zdkY r[kwfygbl;/ tJvdkawG
w,f/ trSefu abbreviation awGudk t"du,lxm;wmawGudkvnf; awGY&rSm avhvmrdawmh uRefawmfh pdk;&drfaomu
oHk;avav 'Duav;awG[m owfyHk jzpfygw,f/ vufukdifzkef;udk t&ifqHk; awGvnf; avsmhenf;vmygw,f/ bm
(pmvH k ; aygif ; ) awG e J Y a&;om;rI r S m &&Sjd yD; message awGukd ydYk wu hJ av;awG ompum;wpfckrSmAsm pmvHk;aygif;av;
yd k u Rrf ; usif v mav jzpf a eygw,f / u ausmif;rSm trSwt f rsm;qH;k &&Sad ewm awGaMumifh t"dyÜm,fajymif;&w,f/
wpfckajymEkdifwmu bmompum;eJY udk awGYxm;ygw,f/ 'gayr,fh 'DOpömu toHajymif;oGm;vdkY ajymol&JUemotion
txdtawGYrsm;av 'Dbmompum;rSm uav;awG term paper a&;wJhae&mrSm awG odvm&w,f/ 'gav;awGudk cHpm;
ydkrdkuRrf;usifvmav jzpfygw,f/ twdk tcuftcJ vGwfajrmufapzdkY texting &wm odyfaysmfzdkY aumif;ygw,f/ cHpm;
aumuf pmvHk;awGudk toHk;rjyKcifrSm twkdif; a&;zdkY cGifhjyKwm r[kwfygbl;/ wwf&if cHpm;MunfhMuyg/ uRefawmf
wpfzufvv l nf; em;vnfap&r,fq&kd if 'gayr,fh wpfcg 'guvnf; bmom wkdufwGef;ygw,f/
bmompum;&JU toHESifh tu©&mpmvHk; pum; uRrf;usifrIudk qHk;jzwfay;wJh
awG&JU qufET,fcsufudk odxm;&rSmjzpf t&m r[kwjf yefygbl;/ t&m&mwkid ;f [m bb,bibi,b4n
ygw,f/ 'grSom tusKd;&Sd&Sd toHk;jyKEkdif jyD;jynfhpHkrIqdkwm r&Sdygbl;/ 'Dawmh OD;rsK;d (tkid w
f D-tef;wdw)f
rSmjzpfygw,f/ Oyrm I Love you udk csKUd ,Gi;f rIqw
kd m &Sad eOD;rSmyJ jzpfygw,f/ (Newsweek r*¾Zif;rS Lily Huang
texting rSm oHk;oGm;wmawGudk avhvm tJawmh enf;ynmaMumifh jzpfay:vmwJh \The Death of English (LOL)
Munfyh g/ I U ,iLu, iLuvV, 143 ponf uRefawmfwdkY&JU aeYpOfb0[mvnf; aqmif;yg;udk qDavsmaf tmif
jzifh oHk;xm;ygw,f/ oauFwygw,f/ 'Dtwkid ;f yJ&adS erSm jzpfygw,f/ tJ wpfck jyefqkad &;om;xm;ygw,f/)
1234567890123
1234567890123
1234567890123
1234567890123
1234567890123
1234567890123
uGeyf sLwm*sme,f
1234567890123
1234567890123
1234567890123
1234567890123
1234567890123
1234567890123
1234567890123
1234567890123
1234567890123
1234567890123
1234567890123
trSwf 197 (c)?
1234567890123
1234567890123
1234567890123
yxrxyf? 33 vrf;
1234567890123
1234567890123
(txufbavmuf)?
1234567890123
1234567890123
ausmufwwH m;? &efuek /f
1234567890123
1234567890123
1234567890123
zke;f - 387305
1234567890123
1234567890123
1234567890123

pufwifbm 2008 117

0ufbq
f u
dk t
f nTe;f

WEBSITE INDEX

Hacking, cracking qdw

k m[m tckcsed rf mS awmh em;pdr;f wJh a0g[m&awG r[kwaf wmhygb;l /
wcsKdU uGefysLwmukrÜPDMuD;awG[m trSefwu,f tEÅ&m,f usa&mufvm&if umuG,fzdkY
twGuf&,f? vmEdkifwJh tEÅ&m,fvrf;aMumif;awG&,fudk wGufcsufjyD; MudKwif
vHkjcHKrI&,lxm;EdkifapzdkY &nf&G,fum hacker, cracker jydKifyGJawGudk tjyKoabmeJY usif;yay;avh
&SdMuygw,f/ tckvtwGufawmh &S&d dSorQ hacking, cracking eJY enf;ynmawGukd vli,fawG
avhvmEdkifapzdkY hacker pmrsufESmawGudk pkpnf; wifqufvdkufygw,f/

http://news.netcraft.com MuD; obama eJY [Dvm&D uvifwefwYkd &UJ

Phishing taMumif;udk t"du
xm;jyD; aqG;aEG;aewJh blog jzpfwt hJ jyif
anti-phishing toolbar, natware
owif;? security course pwmawGudk
update azmfjyay;aewJh pmrsuE f mS wpfck
jzpfygw,f/ Security u@rSm emrnf
0ufbf pmrsufESmawG azmufxGif;cH&wJh
owif;awG? DNS udk wdkufcdkufcH&&if
umuG,fzdkY enf;vrf;awGudk azmfjyxm;
wJh tjyif vlopfwef; tif*sifeD,mawG
twGuf Netcraft rSm wm0ef&,lEdkif
r,fh tvkyaf e&mawGukd azmfjyay;xm;yg
w,f/ tu,fí email wpfckeJY sign
up vkyfxm;cJhr,fqdk&if aeYpOf yHkrSef
security owif;awGudk tD;ar;vfuae google hacking qdkwm[m google
wpfqifh zwf½IEdkifygvdrhfw,f/ website udk azmufxGif;wm r[kwfbJ
google eJY ywfouforQawGudk em;
vnf wwfuRrf;atmif avhvmoif,l
http://www.hackaday.com wmudk qdkvdkwmjzpfygw,f/ tck web-
'hacking' qdkwmudk wcsKdUae&mrSm site rSmvnf; Xbox hacks, wii hacks,
]oif , l j cif ; ? em;vnf j cif ; } qd k j yD ; PC hacks pojzihf enf;ynm rsKd;pHkudk
t"dyÜm,fzGihfygw,f/ Oyrmtm;jzifh avhvmvdkY&ayr,fh tqdk;jrifpdwfeJY

118 uGefysLwm*sme,f

azmfjyxm;wmr[kwfbJ vkyfenf; vkyf
[efeJY aqmif&ef a&Smif&efav;awGudk
pmrsuEf mS zGUJ xm;wmrdYk vli,fawGtwGuf
oihfawmfygw,f/ Google map serv-
ice wpfcu k kd b,fvkd wnfaqmufrvJ/
Mouse wpfck&JU tpdwftydkif;awGudk
avhvmjcif;awGupvdkY laptop uGefysL
wm wpfvHk; jyKvkyfjcif;txd yg0ifyg
w,f/
http://www.hacktheday.com
enf;ynmeJY ywfouforQ vkyf
udkifenf;awGeJY vlolodyfrodao;wJh
tcsuftvufav;awGudk wefqm qif
xm;ygw,f/ Oyrmtm;jzifh firefox udk
oH k ; pG J x m;wJ h search engine awG
taMumif;? Mac book &JU vQKdU0Sufcsuf
awG? Tiger OSX &JU trick 7 csuf?
taumif;qHk; blog awGtwGuf link
rsm;? google API taMumif; pojzifh
pHkvifpGm od&r,fh web pmrsufESmwpfck
jzpfygw,f/
http://www.hackyourday.com
Gmail rSm attach file awGudk wGJ
zufyYkd aqmifwt
hJ cg oH;k oihw
f hJ aqmhz0f J
i,fav;? google &JU *Pef;wGufpuf?
Firefox browser &JU extension awG
taMumif;? *syefpwdkif icon av;awG
oHk;jyD; udk,fh desktop udk &Sif;oefYae
atmif b,fvdk vkyf&rvJ/ OSX pwdkif
windows udk b,fvkd oH;k pGr J vJ/ Gmail
team qDrSm tvkyf0ifzdkY b,fvdk t&nf
tcsif;awG vdktyfrvJ/ Google &JU
April fool awGtaMumif; pojzifh xl;
jcm; qef;Mu,fwJh owif;awGeJYtwl
tvGefaumif;rGefwJh vQKdU0SufcsufawGudk
&&SdEdkifygvdrhfr,f/
http://www.wiretapped.net
uGefysLwmvHkjcHKa&;twGuf txl;
oHk;oihfwJh aqmhzf0JawGeJY enf;vrf;awG
twGuf HTTP vrf;aMumif;udka&m?
FTP vrf;aMumif;awGudkyg ñTefMum;
jyoay;ygw,f/ Host, network, net-
work operations, cryptography
awGeJY ywfoufjyD; urÇmtESHY jyefYusJae
wJh 20 GB avmuf &Sw d hJ file awGukd link
rsm;pGm csdwfqufjyD; security udk txl;
em;vnfapzdkY wnfaqmufay;xm;yg
0ufbq
f u
dk t
f nTe;f
w,f/ pmzwftm; aumif;rGefwJh vli,f
ynm&SifawG MudKufMurSmyg/
http://www.hackingalert.com
Computer hacking, tajccH
hacking, hacking oifcef;pm? hacker
wpfa,mufukd b,fvkd rdatmif zrf;rvJ
pojzifh categories rsKd;pHkeJY avhvmzdkY
oihw f hJ ae&mav;wpfcyk g/ Hacker wpf
a,muf&JU p½dkufobm0eJY vu©Pyg/
Game awGudk hack vkyfjcif;? hack-
ing enf;vrf;? aqmif&efeJY a&Smif&ef
ynm&yfrsm;? password awGukd b,fvkd
hack vkyfrvJ/ Hacking jyKvkyfzdkY vdk
tyfwhJ tools awGeYJ wefqmqifxm;wm
rdkY hacking eJY ywfoufjyD; odoihf
odxdkufwm rSeforQudk od&SdEdkifygr,f/
http://www.i-hacked.com
Electronic ypönf;rsKd;pHk taMumif;
udk &Sif;jyxm;jyD; vufawGUtoHk;0ifjyD;
udk,fudk,fwdkif vkyfaqmifMunfhEdkifwJh
oifcef;pmawG yg0ifygw,f/ Oyrm
tm;jzifh USB mouse wpfckrSm USB
port wpfckudk b,fvdk taygufazmuf
(wyfqif) rvJ/ bmawG vdktyfrvJ/
Google &JU search engine rSm MP3
file awGudk b,fvdk &SmazGrvJ/ CPU
ever clocking qdkwmbmvJ firefox
browser &J U vl o d e nf ; wJ h tcsuf
pufwifbm? 2008 119
0ufbq
f u
dk t
f nTe;f
tvufav;awG pojzifh yg0ifygw,f/
http://www.happyhacker.org
wu,fvdkY udk,fh&JU PC udk ½kwf
w&uf wdkufcdkufcH&wJh tajctaersKd;
usa&mufvmwJhtcgrSm b,fvdk um
uG,frvJ/ tcsuftvuf 12 csufjzifh
wifjyxm;ygw,f/ IE6 roH;k bJ firefox
oHk;pGJjcif;? adware SE aqmhzf0Judk yHkrSef
update vkyfjcif;? tcgtm;avsmfpGm
safe mode uae run jyD; oHo,
jzpfp&m file awGudk ppfaq;jcif;wdkYudk
press xkwfa0vsuf&SdwJh 'happy hac-
ker' pmtkyu f ae xkwEf w
k f wifjyxm;wJh
tjyif 'computer crime law' udyk g A[k
okwoabmeJY avhvmvdYk &Edik yf gw,f/
http://www.darknet.org.uk
Website &JU aqmifyk'fudku hack
vkyfzdkY ravhvmygeJY? avhvmzdkYtwGuf
hack vkyfygvdkY &nfpl;wJh 'don't learn
to hack..hack to learn' qdkwJh motto
udk txifu& xm;&Sdygw,f/ Blog
120 uGefysLwm*sme,f
wpfckjzpfwJhtwGuf xl;jcm;qef;Mu,f
wJh enf;ynm vQKdU0SuftaMumif;awG
(wpfaeYudk 44000 ausmf Junk mail
vTihfxkwfEkdifwJh spammer) odoihf od
xdkufwJh oabmw&m;awG (windows
hacking) wdkYudk tpHktvif wifjyxm;
ygw,f/
http://www.hackthissite.org
Javascript, steganograph,
programing pwmawGeYJ ywfouforQ
taMumif;t&mawGukd forum a&m? blog
a&m wnfaqmufjyD; avhvm aqG;aEG;vdYk
&EdkifwJhae&mwpfck jzpfygw,f/ Hack-
ing &JU oabm? obm0eJY ywfouf
orQudkvnf; Email ydkYjyD; ar;jref;vdkY
&Edik of vdk olwYkd &UJ project awGrmS ud,
k f
wdik uf ,kd u
f s yg0ifzYkdvnf; &Edik yf gw,f/
Logic missions qdkwJh u@[m pro-
gramming awG&JU wnfaqmufyHkudk
pepfwus pOf;pm;&if; em;vnfoGm;ap
Edkifygw,f/
http://www.hackerwhacker
.com
Free tools, tygt0if utilies
tawmfrsm;rsm;udk tcrJh ay;tyfxm;jyD;
wu,fvdkY account vkyfvdkufr,f qdk
&ifawmh member tools awGukd oH;k pGcJ iG hf
&ygw,f/ tJ'D tools awG[m 'hacker
awGudk b,fvdk block vkyfrvJ/ 'com-
puter udk oHo,uif;uif;? tEÅ&m,f
&Sif;&Sif;eJY b,fvdk oHk;pGJrvJ' 'network
ydkif;qdkif&m taESmifht,SufawGudk wef
jyef e nf ; ' pojzif h pd w f 0 if p m;p&m
aumif;jyD; vli,f network ynm&Siaf wG
eJY? networking udk avhvm vdu k pf m;ae
wJh 0goem&SifawGtzdkY oihfawmfyg
w,f/
http://www.linux-exposed.com
'php' eJY wnfaqmufxm;wJh fo-
rum awG&JU password udk b,fvdk
hack vkyfrvJ/ Google &JU tips eJY
tricks awG? IP 6 qdw
k m bmvJ em;vnf
atmif avhvmEdkifr,fh enf;vrf; wire-
less hacking taMumif; pojzihf net-
working eJY hacking udk t"du sub-

ject MuD;
ESpfckcGJjyD; vli,f toif;om;
awGudk vrf;ñTef jyoay;aewJh ae&m
wpfck jzpfygw,f/ Blog 'DZdkif; wnf
aqmufxm;wJhtwGuf aemufqHk;ay:
hacking owif;awGudkyg &&SdEdkifyg
r,f/
http://www.hackszine.com
urÇmausmf 'make' eJY 'craft' r*¾Zif;
awGukd xkwaf 0aewJh publishing wdu k f
uae wnfaqmufay;xm;wJh web wpf
ckjzpfwJh tm;avsmfpGm update owif;
awGudk 24 em&Drvyf &&SdEdkifwJhtjyif
xl;jcm; qef;Mu,fwJh hacking-crack-
ing enf;ynmawGudkyg &&SdEdkifygvdrhf
r,f/ vli,fawG pdw0f ifpm;MuwJh Ajax,
Design, Flickr pwJh u@toD;oD; cGJ
xm;jyD; Oyrmtm;jzihf 'OSX password
udk b,fvkd reset vkyrf vJ/ 'NTFS pepf
eJY OSX ay:rSm Read/write vkyfjcif;?
EeePC ay:rSm Ubuntu install vkyjf cif;
pwmawGudk 'oreilly.com' u Brain
Jepson eJY tzGUJ u MuD;Muyfvrf;ñTeaf y;
ygw,f/
http://www.0x000000.com
Tool awGeJY code awGudk tcrJh
upload wifay;xm;wJh ae&mwpfck jzpf
ygw,f/ Oyrmtm;jzifh Gmail account
udk azmufzdkYtwGuf a&;EdkifwJh php
script awGtjyif wjcm; aumif;Ed;k &m&m
awGudk pkpnf;jyD; wifjyxm;ygw,f/
acwfrjD yD; qef;jym;wJh emrnfeYJ 'D web-
site udk avhvmzdkYtwGuf hacking
knowledge tweftoihaf wmh &Sx d m;zdYk
vdktyfygw,f/
http://www.winhacking-ex
posed.com
'DpmrsufESmuawmh 'hacking ex-
posed windows' pmtkyfudk a&;om;
xkwfjyD;csdefrSm pmtkyfxJu taMumif;
t&mawGeJYtwl website udk wnf
aqmufcJhjcif;jzpfjyD; vdktyfwJh update
awGukd RSS uaewpfqihf xnfo h iG ;f ay;
xm;vdkY jrdKifqdkifvSygw,f/ rdkufu½dk
aqmhzf aumfyakd &;&Si;f eJY enf;ynmt&m&Sd
Mark Russiovich ud, k wf ikd u
f axmuf
cHcsufay;xm;wJh pmtkyfeJY web pm
rsufEmS jzpfygw,f/ Server 2003 tyg
t0if windows server awG&JU vHkjcHK
a&;eJY ywfouforQudk wpfcef;csif;
tvdkuf zwf½I avhvmEdkifygw,f/
0ufbq
f u
dk t
f nTe;f
http://www.warezscene .org
xl;jcm;wJh 'live chat' wpfck yg0if
wJ h forum jzpf y gw,f / Servers,
Streaming media, ebooks eJY tutori-
als pwmawGeJY ywfoufjyD; hack jyK
vkyfjcif;eJY enf;ynmawG? Windows
twGuf r[kwfbJ wjcm; device eJY
OS awGrSm oHk;zdkY &Sm;yg;wJh download
u@awGudkyg categories awG cGJjcm;
ay;xm;jyD; forum admin awG&JU xl;
xl;jcm;jcm; &J&ihfrItaeeJY olwdkY&JU fo-
rum udk tcsdefra&G; hack vkyfEdkifwJh
taMumif;udk zdwaf c:xm;jyD; qkaiGuykd g
csD;jr§ihfay;r,fvdkY aMunmxm;ygw,f/
http://www.2600.com
online r*¾ Z if ; wpf a pmif j zpf w J h
'2600' [m hacker awGeJY ywfoufjyD;
radio zdkif? taxt zdkifawGeJYwuG tav;
teufxm;jyD; azmfjyay;avh &Sdygw,f/
Hacker awG&JU profile awG? hacker
wpfa,mufrmS &Swd wfwhJ p½du
k v
f u©Pm
awG? taumif;qHk; hacking jydKifyGJawG?
tjzLa&mif hacker orm;awGudk up-
date azmfjyay;avh&Sdovdk broadcast-
pufwifbm? 2008 121
0ufbq
f u
dk t
f nTe;f
ing enf;ynm&JU aqG;aEG; a0zefvdkYyg
&EdkifwJhtjyif special feature taeeJY
issue ta[mif;awGukd download &Edi k f
wJh tcGihfta&;udkyg ay;tyfxm;yg
w,f/
http://www.blackbat.com
'2008 las vegas' rSm 'blackhat'
awG&JU conference wpfckjyKvkyfzdkY &Sdyg
w,f/ tJ'DrSm enf;ynm owif;awGudk
zvS,Mf ur,f? rQa0Mur,f? wDxiG yf nm
&SifawGudkvnf; qkawG csD;jr§ihfMuvdrhf
r,f/ jyD;awmh 'blackhat' u usif;y
jyKvkyfwJh 'training' wpfckudk tcrJh ay;
tyfvdrhfr,f/ tJ'Dvdk aMumfjimxm;jyD;
tarSmifom;awGudk jyefwdkufzdkYtwGuf
'black-hat' enf;ynm tweftoihf
awmh wwfajrmufxm;MuzdkY vdktyfwJh
taMumif; EId;aqmfxm;wJh 'blog' qef
qef web pmrsufESmwpfck jzpfygw,f/
udk wefjyef ESdrfeif;zdkY topfwpfzef
zGJUpnf;vdkufwJh 'UGN' [m t&if site
ta[mif;xuf trsm;MuD; aooyfjyD;
acwfrDvmygw,f/ wefjyef tjyKtrl
awGtaeeJY 'UGN' &JU oD;oefY online
uif ; axmuf a wG q D u ae &vmwJ h
owif ; &if ; jrpf a wG u d k pk a ygif ; jyD ;
'knowledge' base awGukd wnfaqmuf
awmh subcribe vkyfjyD; donation eJY xm;Edik cf yhJ gw,f/ 'D base xJrmS 'crack-
aiGacsay;&ygr,f/ ing' 'phreaking' 'computing policies'
pojzihf 'txt' zdkifawGeJY vrf;ñTefjyoay;
ygw,f/
http://www.hackin thebox.org
'knowledge is free' qdw
k hJ &nf&,
G f
csufeJYtwl &Sd&SdorQ enf;ynmawG&JU
tqdk;eJYtaumif;awGudk rQa0 jzefYjzL;
ay;aewJh ae&mwpfck jzpfygw,f/ vpf
vyfaewJh IT tvkyfae&mawG? shar-
ing vkyfwJh vli,fawGeJY Oya't&m&Sd
awG&UJ wdu
k yf aJG wG? malware tEÅ&m,fawG
udk umuG,f&ef enf;vrf;awGeJYtwl
Apple eJY google yHkjyifawGwdkYudk 0w¬K
wpfy'k vf kd pdw0f ifpm;zG,f zwf½&I ygr,f/
'DtxJrmS rS uGeyf sLwmorm;awGtwGuf
tzdk;rjzwfEdkifwJh enf;ynm tip eJY trick
awGtaMumif;udk yHkrSef zwf½I&ygvdrhf
r,f/

http://www.th3zone .com (forum)

http://crack0hack.wetpaint.com
A[kow k awGukd tcrJh jzefYjzL;r,f/
'gayr,fh &SmrSD;r,fqdk&if oihfawmfwJh
ae&muav;wpfcyk gyJ/ 'NTFS eJY FAT'
bmuGmovJ/ XP rSm Registry file
awGudk b,fvdkjyKvkyfrvJ/ hacker qdk
wm bmvJ? cracker qdkwm bmvJ?
webpage &JU &nf&G,fcsufu bmvJ
pwmawGukd tm;vH;k udk od&EdS ikd wf hJ ae&m
wpfck jzpfygw,f/ 'DtxJrmS 'Dx h ufyjkd yD;
jrihfrm;wJh enf;ynmawGudk odcsif&if
http://www.under-groundnews.
com
Virus eJY natware vdkrsKd; taESmifh
t,Suform;awGeJY wjcm;*dkPf;zGJUjyD;
&mZ0wfrI usL;vGefwJh tdkifwDorm;awG
xl;jcm;wJh fourm wpfckjzpfjyD;
contents awG <u,f0vGef;wJhtjyif
tjrJvkd achive jzpfwmaMumifh avhvm
oifhwJh ae&mawGxJrSm wpfcktygt0if
jzpfygw,f/ oif&h UJ tcsdeaf y; 0ifa&muf
rIeJY upload wifwJh posting awGtay:
ukd rlwnfjyD; moderator awGu tuJ
jzwftrSwaf y;oGm;rSm jzpfygw,f/ tips
and tricks tygt0if user wpfa,muf
twGufjzpfap? developer wpfa,muf
twGufjzpfap tzdk;rjzwfwJh resource
&if;jrpfMuD;wpfckyJ jzpfygw,f/

122 uGefysLwm*sme,f
 uGeyf sLwmtaxGaxG

4: Unified Modeling Language rdwq

f uf

jyóemudk rjzpfcifu MudKwif umuG,fyg/ t&mypönf;rsm; olwdkYwnf&Sd rvmcifuwnf;u

ae&mwus tpDtpOfcsyg/ {&mr xif;½SL;yifonf ao;i,faom tyifaygufav;rS MuD;xGm;vmonf/
rkdifaygif; axmifcsDonfh c&D;u oifhajcaxmufatmufrS tpjyKonf/ atmufajctao;pdwfrS
txufwufonfh bottom-up enf;pOfwGif object u t&mtm;vH;k \ tp jzpfonf/

]]Event-driven systems vdk yHkpH
topfawGtwGuf pepfazmfxkwf&mrSm
'DOpömu xda&mufwJhenf;vrf;yJ/ 'D
ya&m*suftwGuf object-oriented
enf;pepfawG oHk;jyD; rif;trsm;MuD; avh
vmoif,El idk rf ,fvYkd igxifw
f ,f/ ''Bill
Hinson u ajymw,f/ Northwood
ukrÜPD&JU vpmay;pepf payroll sys-
tem topf ya&m*sufrSm olu tzGJU
acgif;aqmifjzpfw,f/ aEG&moDumvrSm
Bill &JU tzGUJ ü wm0efcsxm;cH&wJh Roger
Tomason ud k ajymjyaewmyg/
wuúodkvf aEG&moDtm;vyf&uf &xm;
ol Roger u UML (Unified Mo-
deling Language) b,fvdk tvkyf
vkywf ,fqw dk m ar;jref;aewm/ 'Dya&m
*sufrSm tJ'gudk oHk;jyD; vkyfaqmifwJh
twGufygyJ/
Bill u qufajymw,f/ ]]igwdkYu
systems topf trsm;pktwGuf ob-
ject-oriented ed,mrawG oHk;jyD; azmf
xkww f ,f/ System topf&UJ ½Iyaf xG;rI
awG? wkYH jyefouf0ifrI interactive jzpf&
rSmawGaMumifh vdktyfcsuf require-
ments azmfxw
k &f mrSm object-oriented
csOf;uyfenf;u obm0usw,f/ rif;
tom;us pGJjrJaewJh pOf;pm;rIyHkpH enf;
vrf;eJYawmh tawmfav;uGJatmif MudK;
pm;&r,f/ Object-oriented models
awG[m object-oriented program-
ming languages topfawG aemuf
eD;eD;pyfpyf ajc&maumuf yHkazmfay;yg
w,f/}}
System wpfckudk objects rsm;
taejzifh pOf;pm;yHkenf;vrf;opfu
tvGef pdwf0ifpm;p&m aumif;ygw,f/
y½dk*&rfa&;enf;oifwef;ausmif;awGrSm
oif&wJh objects-oriented program-
ming enf;pepfawGeJYvnf; qDavsmf
nDnGwfrI &Sdw,f/ Objects awGtjzpf

pufwifbm? 2008 123

uGeyf sLwmtaxGaxG
pOf;pm;zdkY&mrSm yxrqHk; avhvmoif,l
&r,fhtcgu user interface twGuf
screens azmfxkwfwJhtcg jzpfEkdifw,f/
Buttons, text boxes eJY drop-down
boxes vdk screen ay:u controls
tm;vHk;[m objects awGyJ jzpfw,f/
wpfckpDrSm ¤if;&JU y½dk*&rfvkyfaqmifrI
EId;qGtouf0ifapzdkY&m ukd,fydkif armif;
jzKwf jzpf&yf trigger events trsm;pk
yg&Sdw,f/
]]tck rif;u 'DpOf;pm;yHkenf;vrf;
udk csJUxGifí time cards eJY employee
vdk t&mrsKd;awGudkvnf; objects awG
tjzpf awG;MunhfEkdifw,f/ 'gawGudk
windows eJY buttons vdk objects awG
eJY uGJjym;atmif igwkdYu business
objects awGvdkY ac:r,f/ Analysis
umvtwGif; igwkdYu cvkwfjzKwfay;
wJh trigger events awG&,f? business
object wpfckpDeJY qufET,f&m meth-
ods awG tm;vHk;&,fudk &SmazG&zdkY&m
&Sw
d ,f}}
]]Business objects awG owfrw S f
azmfxw k zf Ykdu uReaf wmht
f wGuf cufr,f
vdkYawmh rxifygbl;/}} Roger u ajym
w,f/ ]]tJ'gawG b,fvkdvkyf&r,fqkd
124 uGefysLwm*sme,f
package diagram erlemwpfck
wm database eJ Y data modeling
twef;awGrSm oifcJhjyD;jyD}}
]]rSefw,f}} Bill u ajymw,f/
]]rif;&JU data model rSm wnfaqmufcw hJ hJ
class awGu igwdkYtvkyfvkyf&r,fh
business objects awGyJ/ aemufwpfck
rif;avhvmoif,lzdkY vdkwmu object
class wpfckpDeJY qufET,f&m trigger
events awG b,fvdk owfrw S af zmfxw
k f
&r,f qk d w m&,f ? methods awG
bmvky&f r,fqw dk mawG&,fyJ jzpfw,f/
tjcm;wpfenf;ajym&&if igwkdYu ob-
ject &JU tjyKtrl vkyfaqmifyHk behav-
iour udk qHk;jzwf&r,f}}
]]tJ'gudk b,fvv dk yk &f rvJ}} Roger
u ar;w,f/
]]rif;u tcsuftvuf&SmwJh vkyf
aqmifrI qufvyk &f jyD; business proc-
ess wpfckpDtwGuf Zmwfvrf;pOf sce-
nario wnfaqmuf&r,f/ Scenario
twGif; business objects awG wpfck
eJYwpfck wkHYjyef qufoG,fyHkenf;awGu
trigger events awG rif;b,fvdk iden-
tify vkyfw,fqkdwm qHk;jzwfay;w,f/
igwdkYu 'D trigger events awGudk ob-
jects rsm;tMum; ul;vl;qufqHwJh
messages awGtjzpf &nfnTef;w,f/
usifvnfzdkYvdkwJh cJ&mcJqpftydkif;u
processes oufouftpm; objects
awGtjzpf pOf;pm;zdkYvkdwmygyJ/ wpfcg
wav igu uk, d u
hf u dk ,
kd f objects wpf
cktjzpf [efaqmif 0ifpm;Munhf&wm
tultyHh&w,f/ ig[m time card ob-
ject jzpfw,f/ wjcm; objects awGu
ighudk b,fvdk vkyfief;aqmifwmeJY 0ef
aqmifrIawG awmif;cHvmrvJvdkY ajym
Munhw f ,f/ txm odomG ;wmeJY odyu f kd
tvkyfjzpfoGm;w,f/ jyD;awmh diagram
yHkjyum;csyfawG azmfxkwf&if; system
requirements awG yGifhusvmyHk awGU
jrif&wm odyfjyD;awmh ÓPfyGifh aysmfarGU
p&m aumif;ygw,f/}}
]]t[m; uRefawmf&jyDvkdY xif
w,f/ 'gayr,fh requirements awG
b,fvakd &;&rvJ/ uReaf wmfwYkd csa&;½Hyk J
a&;&rvm;}}
]]r[kwfbl;/ tJ'Dvkdawmh r[kwf
bl;aygh/ Analysis &JU tjcm;tydkif;awG
vdkyJ igwkdYu avhvmawGU&SdorQ mod-
els awG wnfaqmufjyD;awmhyJ rSww f rf;
wif document vkyfw,f/ 'DudpörSm
business objects awG wkHYjyef quf
oG,f yHjk ywJh interaction diagram awG
vnf; wnfaqmufw,f/ igwkdYu sta-
techart diagrams vdkY ac:wJh tjcm;
diagram awGvnf; wnfaqmufw,f/
tJ'gu business object wpfckpD&JU
twGif;ydkif; internal logic udk jyw,f}}
Roger u jyefvnfajymMum;yg
w,f/ ]]Object-oriented analysis
b,fvv kd yk &f r,fqw dk m avhvmoif,zl Ykd

a&S;xk;H pOfvm csO;f uyfenf;ESihf object-oriented csO;f uyfenf;uGmjcm;ykH
uRefawmf arQmfvifhapmifhpm;aeygw,f/
Object-oriented programming
twef;awGrSm oifcJh&whJ oabmt,l
concepts awG uRefawmf oabmus
w,f/ 'DaEG&moDuawmh uRefawmfh
twGuf aumif;rGefwJh avhvmoifMum;
a&; tawGUtMuHKawG &w,fvdkY uRef
awmf awG;xm;ygw,f}}
System development life cy-
cle (SDLC) yHkpHtrsKd;rsKd;rSm Analy-
sis, Design, Implementation eJY Sup-
port phase awGtm;vHk; yHkoGif[efyef
wpfrsKd;rsKd;eJY yg&SdMuygw,f/ Analy-
sis tqifh&JU system requirements
&SmwJhtydkif;rSm ta&;MuD;wJh oabm
t,lESpfcku events and things awG
jzpfygw,f/ System topftwGuf re-
quirements models zefwD;wJhtcg
orm;½dk;us csOf;uyfenf; oHk;ovm;?
object-oriented csOf;uyfenf; oHk;
ovm;qkdwJh tcsufay: rlwnfjyD; dia-
gram yHpk aH wG vH;k 0 uGjJ ym;oGm;Ekid w
f ,f/
yHkrSm xkdoabm t,lESpfckudk csOf;uyf
enf;ESpfckrS rwl jcm;em;pGm azmfaqmifyHk
jyxm;ay;ygw,f/
System analysis [m business
events eJY things awG owfrSwf zGifhqkd
&if;eJY pw,f/ Business events awG
udk event table twGif; document
vkyf rSwwf rf;wifw,f/ ¤if;wdYk u sys-
tem topftwGif; yg&Sdr,fh data flow
eJY processes awG &SmazGzdkY&m tajccH
axmufyHhrI jzpfvmw,f/ Things awG
udkawmh orm;½dk;us csOf;uyfenf;
twGuf entity-relationship diagram
(ERD) rSm rSwwf rf;wifjyD; object ori-
ented csOf;uyfenf;twGuf class dia-
gram rSm rSwfwrf;wifw,f/
Object-oriented tjrif ½Iaxmifh
u qkd&if urÇm[m objects rsm;jzifhom
UML model ukd jywJh class diagram
metamodel wpfck
uGeyf sLwmtaxGaxG
yg0ifzGJUpnf;xm;w,f/ b,fvdk busi-
ness vkyfief;aqmifwmrsKd;rqkd twl
wuG yl;aygif;vkyaf qmifMuwJh objects
rsm;tpk j zif h axmuf y H h a y;Ek d i f w ,f /
Object-oriented analysis vkyz f Ykd sys-
tem udk zGJUpnf;wnfaqmufay;r,fh
objects rsm;tpk yxrqHk;owfrSwfay;
&r,f/ aemuf 'D objects awG b,fvdk
twlwuG vkyMf uovJ azmfjyay;&r,f/
'DazmfjycsufrSm tydkif;ESpfydkif; &Sdw,f/
yxr uRefawmfwkdYu trsKd;rsKd;aom
objects rsm;tMum; wkHYjyefqufoG,frI
odYk r[kwf qufo, G af &;vrf;aMumif;udk
enf;vrf;azmfjyay;&r,f/ 'DwHkYjyef
zvS,frIawGu objects rsm;tMum;
messages toGif aqmifw,f/ 'kwd,
uRefawmfwkdYu tjcm; objects awGrS
messages awG wkYH jyefzYkd object wpfcp k D
twGif; jzpfyGm;wJh internal process-
ing udk azmfjy&ygr,f/ ¤if;wdkYu tjcm;
objects rsm;okdY messages jzifh xyfí
EId;qGay;Edkifygao;w,f/
Unified Modeling Language
UML qkdwm Grady Booch &JU
Object Technology, James Rum-
baugh &JU Object Modeling Tech-
nique (OMT), Ivar Jacobson &JU
Object Oriented Software Engineer-
ing eJY tjcm;enf;vrf;aygif;rsm;pGmu
modeling techniques awGrS jrpfzsm;cH
pufwifbm? 2008 125
uGeyf sLwmtaxGaxG
qif;oufvmwm jzpfygw,f/ 1995
ckESpfrSm UML &JU a&S;OD;tMudK version
udk OOPSLA (Object-Oriented Pro-
gramming, Systems, Languages
and Applications) uGefz&ifhrSm wifjy
cJhw,f/ 1997 ckESpfrSm trsm;jynfol
owif;jyefauR;rI feedback awG rlv
pma&;q&mawG&UJ jyefvnf jyifqifraI wG
eJY xyfausmjh yef xnfoh iG ;f wnfaqmuf
jyifqifcJhw,f/ aemuf Object Man-
agement Group (OMG) odYk wifjyum
pHjyK standard modeling technique
toGifaqmifvmygw,f/
OMG [m aqmhz0 f J vendors awG?
developers eJY organizations aygif;
800 ausmfygwJh nGeYfaygif;tzGJU jzpf
w,f/ Object-oriented systems awG
rSm wpfajy;nD nDnGwfapzdkY &nf&G,f
w,f/ OMG &JU rpf&Sifu distributed
computing systems awGtwGuf ob-
ject technology &JU oDt& kd eD YJ vufawGU
usifhoHk;rIawG jr§ifhwifay;zdkY&myJ jzpfyg
w,f/
UML twGi;f unifed qkw d hJ pum;
vH;k rSm atmufygt"dymÜ ,frsm; yg&Sw d ,f/
ordik ;f vrf;aMumif;wpfavQmufrS
enf;vrf;ESihf oauFwrSwo f m;yHrk sm;
aygi;f pnf; yg&rdS I
UML [m object-oriented
methods rsm;pGmrS trsm;vufcHxm;wJh
concepts awG aygif ; pyf y g&S d w ,f /
Concept wpfckpDeJY oauFwtrSwf
tom; notation eJY tac:ta0: ter-
minology awGtwGuf &Sif;vif;aom
zGifhqkdcsufawG a&G;aumuf,lw,f/
UML [m &Sd&if;pGJ models trsm;pkudk
udk,fpm;jyKEkdifovdk rlv methods rsm;
xufvnf; ydkaumif;atmif wifjyEdkif
w,f/
126 uGefysLwm*sme,f
use case diagram
erlemwpfck
Development lifecycle wpfcv
k ;kH
wpfqufwpfpyfwnf; aygi;f pnf;yg&dS rI
UML [m requirements rSonf
deployment tqif h t xd wpf o m;
wnf; qufpyfaew,f/ wlnDaom
concepts eJY notation tpkudk devel-
opment &JU uGJjym;wJhtqifhawGrSm oHk;
EkdifjyD; model wpfckwnf;rSmudk rwlwJh
tqifhawGawmif a&m,SufoHk;pGJEdkif
w,f/ tqifw h pfqifu
h aemufwpfqifh
odkY bmomjyef ul;ajymif;p&m rvdkyg/
tpyftMum;r&Sd wpfom;wnf;jzpfr[ I m
xyfausmhjyef wa&GUa&GU wkd;aom itera-
tive, incremental development
twGuf ta&;MuD;w,f/
toH;k csvyk if ef;e,fy,f application
domains trsK;d rsK;d rSm oH;k Ekid w
f ,f
UML [m application domain
trsm;pk t wG u f model xk w f z d k Y &m
&nf&G,fw,f/ MuD;rm;½IyfaxG;wJh real-
time, distributed systems awG ?
a'wm 'grSr[kwf twGut f csuftm;jyK
pepfawG yg0ifw,f/ txl;jyKbmom
pum;u ykdjyD; toHk;uswJh txl;jyK {&d
,m &Sdaumif;&Sdr,f/ 'gayr,fh UML
u application {&d , mtrsm;pk r S m
tjcm; taxGaxGudpö modeling lan-
guage awGavmuf vdkufrDatmif 'grS
r[kwf ydkaumif;atmif &nf&G,fjyKvkyf
xm;w,f/
Implementation Languages eJY
yvufazmif;trsK;d rsK;d rSm oH;k Edik w
f ,f/
UML [m trsKd;rsKd;aom im-
plementation Languages awG e J Y
yvufazmif;awGrmS oH;k Ekid af tmifvYdk &nf
&G,fw,f/ y½dk*&rfbmompum;awG?
databases, 4GL, tzGJUtpnf;qkdif&m
rSwwf rf;rSw&f m documents, firmware
pwmawGrSm jzpfw,f/ a&SUydkif; rsufESm
pm tvkyfawGu udpötm;vHk;twGuf
wpfxyfwnf; 'grSr[kwf cyfqifqif
jzpfr,f/ aemufydkif; rsufESmpmuawmh
medium wpfckpDtvdkuf tawmftwef
uGmjcm;rI &Sdw,f/
Development enf;pOftrsK;d rsK;d rSm
jzwfoef; yg&w dS ,f
UML u modeling bmom
pum; jzpfw,f/ Development proc-
ess &JUtao;pdwaf zmfjycsuf r[kwb f ;l /
&Sjd yD;om; 'grSr[kwf topfjzpfaom de-
velopment process awG&JU atmufcH

deployment diagram erlemwpfck
modeling language tjzpf oH;k Edi
k zf Ykd &m
&nf&G,fw,f/ General purpose pro-
gramming language awGu y½dk*&rf
a&;om;rI pwkdif[efyef rsm;pGmtwGuf
oHk;Ekdifovdkaygh/ ¤if;u iterative, in-
cremental pwk d i f u d k txl ; wvnf
axmufyHhzdkY &nf&G,fw,f/
twGi;f ydik ;f internal concepts yg
aygi;f pnf;yg&adS o;w,f
UML u xkd UML udk,fEIduf&JU
model jzpfaom metamodel (model
udk azmfjywJh model )udk wnfaqmuf&m
rSmawmif oHk;cJhw,f/ Concepts trsKd;
rsKd; tMum; atmufcHqufET,fcsufawG
ydí
k aumif;aumif;em;vnf zrf;qkyv f m
Ekdifw,f/
UML &JU OD;wnf &nfreS ;f csuf
yxrqH k ; eJ Y ta&;tMuD ; qH k ; u
UM L [m model xkwfoltm;vHk; oHk;
Ekdifr,fh taxGaxG general-purpose
modeling language jzpfzdkY&myg/ enf;
ynm rlydkif xdef;csKyfrI r&Sdbl;/ Com-
puting tokdif;t0kdif;u trsm; oabm
wl vufcHrItay: tajccHw,f/ wwf
EkdiforQ &if;ESD;odjrifvG,fzdkY&m &nf&G,f
w,f/ 'DZdkif;qkdif&mtwGuf aumif;rGef
aom tavhtusifah wG axmufyahH y;Ekid f
zdYk&m &nf&, G w f ,f/ vHjk cHKodr;f xkyrf I en-
capsulation, taMumif;udpötvdkuf
ydik ;f jcm;rI? model wnfaqmufy&kH UJ &nf
&G,f&mudk zrf;qkyfEkdifzkdYawG yg0ifw,f/
vuf&Sd aqmhzf0Jazmfxkwfa&;qkdif&m
ta&;udprö sm;jzpfaom pau;MuD;rm;wJ?h
cGJa0 jzefYjzL;wJh? tjydKifjzpfwJh tzGJUvdkuf
vky&f wJh t&mawG? udik w f ,G f ajz&Si;f ay;
zdkY&m &nf&G,fw,f/ UML [m jynfhpHk
aom development method jzpfzkdY&m
r&nf&, G b f ;l / wpfqifjh yD;wpfqifh oGm;
wJh development process rygbl;/
UML eJY UML oHk;jyD; vkyfaqmif&m
process udk cGjJ cm; odjrifzYkd &m ta&;MuD;
w,f/ ¤if;wdkYu oD;jcm;pD jzpfw,f/
UML &JU tqHk;owf &nfrSef;csuf
u vufawGU&Sdaom systems trsKd;
uGeyf sLwmtaxGaxG
tpm; tm;vH;k pHpk pd mG jzifh model xkwEf idk f
pGr;f &Sq
d rJ mS wwfEidk o f rQ ½d;k pif;zdYk &m jzpf
ygw,f/ acwfopf systems awGrSm
ygvmEdkifwJh oabmt,lawG tm;vHk;
udik w f ,G Ef idk zf Ykd&m vHak vmufwhJ azmfjyEkid f
pGrf; &Sd&r,f/ Concurrency eJY distri-
bution vdk t&mrsKd;tjyif encapsu-
lation eJY components vdk software
engineering ,EÅ&m;awGtwGufvnf;
jzpfw,f/ ¤if;[m general-purpose
programming language rsm;vdy k J uni-
versal language jzpf & r,f / uH
raumif;wmu uav;upm;p&mpepf
toy systems awG udi k w
f ,
G zf Ykd &m r[kwf
wmaMumifh ao;vdkY r&bl;/ acwfay:
languages eJY acwfay: operating
systems awG[m vGefcJhwJhESpfaygif; 40
uxuf ykdí ½IyfaxG;vmw,f/ UML
rSm models trsK;d tpm;rsm;pGmyg&Sw d ,f/
wpfaeYwpf&ufavmufeJY uRrf;usif ydkif
Ekdifatmif vkyfvdkY&wJht&m r[kwfbl;/
ykdjyD; vTrf;jcHKjynhfpHkatmif &nf&G,fwm
aMumifh a&SUu bkd;ab;awGxuf ydk½Iyf
axG;ygw,f/ 'gayr,fh oifu wpfcg
wnf;eJY tjyD;avhvmoif,lp&m rvdkyg
bl;/ y½kd*&rfbmompum;awG? oper-
ating system eJY ½IyfaxG;aom user
application rsm;tay: avhvm csOf;
uyfenf;vkdyJ usifhoHk;&ygr,f/ UML
diagram awGxJrSm class diagram,
use case diagram, collaboration
dia gram, sequence diagram,
state chart diagram, deployment
diagram, package diagram wdkY yg&Sd
w,f/
a&SUvawGrSm UML diagram rsm;
taMumif;eJY ¤if;udkoHk;í object-ori-
ented approach &JU Analysis tykdif;rS
requirements model azmfxkwfyHkawG
tao;pdwf wifjyoGm;rSm jzpfygw,f/
Modula-2
pufwifbm? 2008 127
 Review

ynwfoGm;&m "mwfouf ygaejyD/ &mrS action pw,f/ tJ'Duae usefwJh wpfqdkYapwJhobm0 choke points
'D*drf;&JU raumif;rI tukodkvf sins u system urÇmawG pl;prf;&SmazG eXplore jzpfvmw,f/ uke;f ajreJY uEÅm&j*dK[fawG
rl;,pfaq;eJY avmif;upm;vdk ysufpD; vky&f w,f/ j*dK[af wGukd udv
k ekd jD yK oih&f UJ tvG,f udkvdkeDjyKEdkifjyD; a&cJeJY rD;
jcif; ig;yg;qdu k af pwJh ttdyyf suf tpm; tmumo,mOf ships awG wnfaqmuf awmifj*dK[fudkawmh oufqdkif&m enf;
ysupf aJG pjcif;/ oGuv f ufwu d sreI YJ t'&D zdkY&m vdkaom resources awG azmfxkwf ynm yxrqHk; research vkyf&OD;r,f/
e,fvif wGef;xdk;xGufapjcif; vdkif;udk ,l&w,f/ Sins rSm *vufZDwpfckvHk; j*dK[ford af v;awGuawmh vlO;D a& enf;
aEG;axG;vTrf;jcHKjyD; crf;em;MuD;us,fwJh odrf;ydkufzdkY&mavmuf &nfrSef;csufMuD; enf;yJ axmufyHhEdkifwmaMumifh out-
vdkif;eJY yxrqHk; rsKd;pyfEdkifcJhíyg/ wJh task csrxm;bl;/ trsm;qHk; Mu,f posts uif;pcef;taeeJYyJ aumif;w,f/
Geeky bmompum;eJY ajym&&if com- ig;vHk;eJY ¤if;wdkY wpfckcsif;pDrS plan- Expand twGuf ,mOftkyfpkMuD;awG
mand & conquer udk eXplore, e- ets rsm; uGef&uftay:yJ tm½Hkpdkuf& aqmuf&r,f/ Scouts u planetary
Xpand, eXploit, eXterminate jzifh w,f/ Planets awGtMum; oGm;vm& pepfudk uif;axmufjyD; colony ships
pyfí RT4X jzpfapjcif;/ ½dk;½dk;bmom wm usyfwnf;wJh space lanes eJY uefY awGtwGuf taumif;qHk; urÇmawG &Sm
pum;eJY ajym&&if action tom;ay; owfxm;wmaMumifh tcsKdUj*dK[fawGu ay;w,f/ 0ifa&mufvmwJh &efolY,mOf
cyfoGufoGuf RTS udk resources
rsm;pGm ÓPfynmMuD;pGmeJY cJGa0pDrH&wJh
cyf a v;av; empire-builder jzif h
aygif;pyfxm;jcif;/
uGJjym;aom units eJY play style
tvdkuf rwlnDaom tav;ay;rI&SdwJh
faction tzGJYoHk;ckygw,f/ [efcsuf rQ
w,f/ Trader Emergency Coalition
[m trsKd;rsKd;aom vlom; urÇmrsm;&JU
r[mrd w f t zG J U / Advent uawmh
vlom; rsKd;EG,frS qif;oufvmjyD; al-
ien philosophy udk ,lí tiftm;oHk;
csUJ xGi;f vdo
k l Vasari uawmh od&cufwhJ
alien rsKd;EG,fjzpfí bufESpfzufpvHk;
acsrIef;ol/
tmumo tajcjyK strategy *drf;
rsm;pGmvdyk J planet wpfcw k nf; xde;f csKyf

128 uGefysLwm*sme,f Mo*kw?f 2008 128


tkyfpktaMumif; owday;w,f/ wdkuf
tmumo,mOf warships u trsKd;
tpm; oHk;ck&Sdw,f/ tao;qHk; xJrSm
a&SUwef; wdu k cf u
kd af &; frigate j*dK[fawG
udk EsLuvD;,m;eJY ypfEikd w f hJ siege ves-
sels awG missile platforms ygw,f/
ydkMuD;wJh Cruiser class rSm fighters eJY
bombers tkyfpkav;awG csay;EdkifwJh
escort carrier ygw,f / 'gayr,f h
trdkufqHk;u Capital Ships / MuD;
w,f/ aps;MuD;w,f/ pGrf;tm;xuf
w,f/ RPG character vdkyJ experi-
ence &&if Level wufw,f/ ¤if;eJY
wdkufcdkufjzpfapzdkY dynamic jzpfatmif
tm;ay;ovdk tEÅ&m,frS umuG,fzdkY&m
vnf; vdw k ,f/ ¤if;wdYk ysufp;D &if tvGef
tifrwef qHk;½IH;&w,f/
aumif;rGefwJh strategy *drf;rSm
oihf&JU resources awG cJGa0csxm;a&;
qHk;jzwfcsufawG tjrJwrf; vkyfae&zdkY
wGef;tm;ay;w,f/ Sins u 'Dudprö Sm
txl;wvnf aumif;w,f/ tzdk;xdkuf
resources awG vSnhfvnf jr§KyfESH&r,f/
Money, metal eJY crystal oHk;rsKd;yg
w,f/ j*dK[fawGay:u MuD;rm;wJh po-
pulation, ukeo f , G af &; station rsm;jzifh
money xkwf,lw,f/ Metal eJY crys-
tal udk ao;i,fwJh asteriods ay:rSom
&dwfodrf;,lEdkifr,f/ Warships eJY stru-
ctures awGaqmuf? j*dK[furÇmpepf
planetary xGef;um;vmapzdkYu 'D re-
sources awG rsm;jym;pGm pm;oHk;wm
aMumifh oif[m tenf;qHk;wpfck jywf
vyfwmeJY rvGrJ aoGMuHK&r,f/ 'gaMumihf
cufcw J q
hJ ;kH jzwfcsuaf wG vky&f apw,f/
aemuf pirates system ygw,f/
tcgtm;avsmfpGm 0if0ifwdkufwwfwJh
third-party tzGJUawG? oihf jydKifbuf
tay: qkaiGxw k jf cif;jzifh olwYkd b,foYl
udk wdkufcdkufr,fqdkwJh tay: MoZm
anmif;Edik w f ,f/ 'gayr,fh eBay avvH
pwdik f ppfjzpfvmEdik w f ,f/ oihf jydKifbuf
u oihftay: ydkMuD;wJh qkaiGxkwfvm
Edkifw,f/ 'grSr[kwf jydKifbufu xdk
qkaiG&atmif &SmazG wdu k cf u
kd jf yD;rS olwYkd
wu,fwdkufcsifwJholtay: qkaiG jyef
xkwfr,f/
tmumopMu0VmeJYcsDwJh *drf;qdk
awmh ajryHkwpfck skirmish jyD;pD;zdkY&m
tcsdef tawmfMuD; ,l&w,f/ em&Daygif;
rsm;pGmomru &ufaygif;rsm;pGm Mum
oGm;Edkifw,f/ Campaign awmh ryg
bl;/ Multiplayer u LAN a&m?
online service yg Internet-based
ESpfrsKd; pvHk;&Sdw,f/ 10 a,muftxd
upm;vdkY&w,f/ upm;csdef MumoGm;
EdkifwmaMumifh multiplayer twGuf
save option awmif ygao;w,f/ On-
line *drf;u wpfa,mufa,muf xGuf
oGm;&if AI player u 0ifupm;ay;yg
w,f/
Review
*drf;&JU *&yfzpftif*sifu vdktyfwJh
vsifjrefpmG pau;ajymif;jcif;udk axmuf
yHhw,f/ ta0;qHk; jcHKiHkMunfh&muae
teD;qH;k qJMG unf&h mtxd vH;k 0udk txpf
taighr&Sd wpfom;wnf; jzpfw,f/
tmumo,mOfawG&UJ tao;pdwyf kH ½kwf
jcnf;ay:w,f/ j*dK[fwpfckudk ta0;u
ae pMunfhw,fqdkygawmh/ teD;odkY
qGJ,lvmcsdef screen tay: jynhfvmjyD;
tao;pdwf wdk;vmw,f/ ¤if;&JU ywf
vrf;txJ MuD;rm;wJh capital ship owd
jyKrdr,f/ Zoom xyfqGJ&if tif*sifu
xGufwJh wGef;ueftm; rD;awmufvQH
awGU&r,f/ xyfjyD;awmh zoom qGJvdkuf
OD;? Capital ship 0ef;usif jcifawG?
rSufawGudk 0dkif;tHkaewJh fighters eJY
bombers aygufpeawG awGU&r,f/ 'D
level a&mufwJhtxd MuD;rm;aom ob-
jects owdjyKrdqJrSm b,ftao;pdwfrS
rqHk;½IH;&bl;/
jcHKajym&&if Real-time gameplay
u rl&if;usjyD; vwfqwfopfvGifovdk
cHpm;&w,f/ {&mr titanic wdkufyGJMuD;
awGu r[marmfueG ;f &Snf MuD;us,f crf;
em;pGm cHpm;&w,f/ aysmfarGUpGJvrf;p&m
aumif;w,f/ 'DtwGuaf Mumifh jyD;pD;zdYk&m
tcsdeftrsm;MuD; ,l&jcif;? tdyfa&;ysuf
jcif; sins tukodkvftusKd;awG cHpm;&
ygw,f/
pufwifbm? 2008 129
aemuftem*wf ESpt f enf;i,ftwGi;f rSmudk ppf&UJ rsuEf mS pm[m
rSwrf od &d EdS idk pf rG ;f r&Sd oavmufatmif uGmjcm;oGm;vdrrhf ,f/ urÇmwpf0ef;
yk*v
¾ u d private military companies (PMC) awG yGm;rsm;
x<uvmjcif;ESit hf wl urÇmvH;k qkid &f m global powers [m olwYkd
OD;wnfcsuaf &mufzYkd bmudrk Q xnfrh wGuaf om law-bending tkypf t k ay:
pwif rSw D nfvmawmhw,f/ PMC awG[m olwu Ykd ,kd yf ikd f aumif;usK;d udyk J
azmfaqmifz&Ykd m yg0goyd Mf u;D vmw,fvYkd urÇmv h x l u k pd;k &drf
aMumifMh uvmMuw,f/ olw&Ykd UJ aMumufrufz, G f tqifjh rifh war machines
awGeYJ urÇmEh idk if rH sm;qD OD;vSnv hf m&if bmjzpfuek rf vJ/
 Preview
Ghost Recon Advanced War
fighter jzifh wlnDaom urÇmh 0ef;usif
xJrSmjzpfwJh H.A.W.X &JU ppfqifa&;
campaign awGu PMC wpfckrS US
udk wkdufckdufrI Zmwfvrf;tay: 0ef;&H
jzpfay:w,f/ a0[iftjrifhrSm hi-tech
*sufav,mOfeJY trnfrod Zmwfvkduf
tjzpf wm0efxrf;aqmif&wm[m Tom
Clancy trnfyg *drf;awG&JU xHk;pHvdk
jzpfaew,f/ oif\Ekid if u H kd umuG,jf yD;
tjrJvdk MuD;xGm;vmaewJh PMC jcdrf;
ajcmufrIudk tqHk;owfyg/ Ubisoft &JU
Tom Clancy *dr;f awG[m pdww f if;usyf
qkyfukdifrI? nd§KU,ljyif;xefaom single-
player awGYMuHK cHpm;rIawG tjrJrjywf
yg&Sdavh&SdwmaMumifh H.A.W.X [m
'DypkH cH u
G u f kd rcsK;d azmufb;l vdYk arQmv
f if&h
ygw,f/
*drf;rSm ppfrSef,kwdåwefrIudk jznfh
xnfzh Ykd urÇmt h ausmfMum;qH;k *suf wku d f
132 uGefysLwm*sme,f
av,mOf ig;q,f xnfo h iG ;f yg&Sw
d ,f/
F22-Raptor eJY Eurofighter Typhoon
awG yg0ifw,f/ wu,fhtjyifrSm &SdwJh
ae&mawGrSm ppf'PfeJY axmif;varmif;
aMuaewJh yHkpHrsKd; azmfaqmifxm;w,f/
US tmumovGef;ysH,mOf vTwfwif&m
udyfumemAm&,ftilvdk a'orsKd;awG
yg0ifw,f/
H.A.W.X ppfqif upm;&mrS yifr
,EÅ & m;tjzpf Enhanced Reality
System [ERS] yg0ifw,f/ a&'g?
owif;tcsuf vufqifu h rf;jcif;? ysuf
usrI umuG , f a &;pepf u ae vrf ;
aMumif; xdef;odrf;a&;txd t&mtm;
vHk; taxmuftulay;wJhpepf jzpf
w,f/ pepfudktvkdufoifh nGwfaysmif;
pGm toHk;cszdkYu oifhtay:yJ vHk;vHk;
rlwnfw,f/ olY&JUtul tjynfh,l&if
ysHoef;rIu ydkjyD; ab;uif;ayr,fh uefY
owf usOf;ajrmif;w,f/ ydkí jrefqef
oGufvufrIeJY wdusrI vdkwJhtcg xkd
computer assistance udkydwfjyD; tysH
pm; a&TUuGufawGeJY ukd,fwkdif MuJEkdifyg
w,f/
'D*drf;&JU wu,fh aZmif;ay;&mu
awmh multiplayer yJ jzpfvrd rhf ,f/ Ace
Combat 6 enf;wl upm;ol 16 OD;
a0[ifp;D csi;f xd;k Ekid w
f ,f/ Call of Duty
4 pwkdif csD;jr§ifhrIpepfyg&Sdw,f/ qdkvdk
wmu upm;olawG experience wuf
vm&if vufeuftopfawG zGifhcsay;
r,f/ Oyrm 100 points &&if av,mOf
jyifay;wJh repair drone &r,f/ aemuf
'D genre rSm yxrqHk;tjzpf upm;ol
av;OD ; tzG J Y vk d u f campaign wpf
avQmufvHk; yl;aygif; upm;Ekdifr,f/
uG J j ym;aom0ef ; usif 17 ck u d k
tjrifykdif;qkdif&m om;em;pGmjzifh yHkazmf
ay;xm;vdkY yxrqHk;MudK;yrf;rIrSmwif
Ubisoft udk 'D genre &JU a&SUwef; wpf
ae&m ydkYay;vdrfhr,f/ aemufESpf tapm
ykdif;rSm Xbox 360, PS3 eJY PC wdkY
twGuf xGuf&Sdvmygr,f/

t&m&m txifMuD;vG,fwJh i,f
&G,fpOfb0awGrSm tm;aumif; oefpGrf;
wJh [D;½d;k Zmwfvu kd af wGukd ud;k uG,v f ek ;D
ESpfoufzl;Mur,f/ The Good, The
Bad and The Ugly xJu aq;jyif;
vdyf wapmif;cJwhJ ½Io;kd od;k aumif;bGKd if
Zmwf½kyf uvihftdpf0k'f/ Escape from
NY/LA xJ u rsuf p d w pf z uf v yf
waZmufuef; pedwfyvDpuef/ Die
Hard pD;&D;xJu tuif;yg;vGef;wJh
&JpHkaxmuf *Refrufuvdef;/
*drf;awGrSmawmh cult jzpfavmuf
p&m Zmwf½kyfeJY tm;jyKqGJaqmifwm
½ky&f iS af vmuf rjyif;xefygbl;/ Doom,
Quake eJY Half-life xJu Zmwfvu kd af wG
b,folvJ/ oihfpdwfxJ trSwf& pGJjidae
&JUvm;/ Tomb Raider Zmwfvdkuf
vma&mca&mhzf usawmh udk;pm;jrwfEdk;
zG,f [D;½dk;rjzpfbJ qefYusifbuf vdif
tjzpf qGJaqmif&mvdkom jzpfaew,f/
Devil May Cry *d r f ; pD ; &D ; ud k
Munfhvkduf&ifawmh 'efwDqdkwJh om;em;
aom ZmwfvdkufeJY A[dkjyKqGJaqmifxm;
wm xifxif&Sm;&Sm;MuD; awGU&r,f/ aiG
a&mifqHyif/ teDa&mif ukwftusÐ&Snf/
"Ebony and Ivory' aoewf ESpfvuf
tjyif "m;wpfzufu ygao;w,f/
pwdkifusw,f/ udk,fhudkudk,f ,HkMunfrI
eJY taMumuftvefYr&SdwJhpdwf? olY&JU
p½duk af wGu olYukd xifay: vlMudKufrsm;
Review
apw,f/ wu,fu ol[m ]]tom;
em;qHk;aom AD'D,dk*drf; Zmwfaumif
xdyfwef;wpfq,f}} xJrSm eHygwf 3
ae&mü &Sdw,f/
'efwD&JU zcif[m raumif;qdk;0g;
demonic knight rS vlom;buf a&muf
vmol j zpf v d k Y ol [ m vl w pf y d k i f ;
raumif;qdk;0g;wpfydkif; jzpfw,f/ Ver-
gil qdkwJh tjrTmwpfa,muf &Sdw,f/
olYudk zefwD;olu "cool and slylish"
jzpfatmif yHkazmfay;xm;w,f/ ol[m
"demon" awGudk okwfoif acsrIef;zdkY
b0jr§KyfESHxm;&oludk jzpfvmw,f/
'gaMumifh DMC *drf;pD;&D;u Zmwfvdkuf
'efwD&JU demon awG taotaus
wdu k cf u
kd w
f hJ "extreme combat" genre
cGJ action game jzpfvmygawmhw,f/
God of War vdk 3D action *drf;rsKd;udk
DMC *drf;awGeJY EIdif;,SOf oHk;oyfzdkY&m
avmuftxd xdktrsKd;tpm;rSm stand-
ard jzpfvmcJhygw,f/
DMC 4 rSmawmh eD;½dk;qdkwJh Zmwf
aumifopf rdwfqufí tajymif;tvJ
vkyfxm;w,f/ 'DpD;&D;udk wpfavQmuf
vHk; pGJjrJpGm aqmhupm;cJholawGtwGuf
vnf; ylp&mrvdkygbl;/ Zmwf0ifcef;
wpfae&mrSm'efwt D jzpf 0ifupm;&r,f/
pufwifbm? 2008 133
 Review
tpOftvm console *drf;udk yDpDtay:
ydkYaqmifxm;wm jzpfwJhtwGuf game
pad wpfckeJYrS tqifajyzdkY&m &Sdygw,f/
'DpD;&D;eJY vHk;0udk tuRrf;w0if
r&Sd&if ¤if;&JU tvkyfvkyfyHk tck ajymjy
r,f/ tvHk;pHkaom zGJUpnf;yHku ½IyfaxG;
vSwmr[kwfbl;/ oif[m tcef;wpfck
xJ 0ifoGm;r,f/ 0ifayguf? xGufayguf
awG ydwfoGm;r,f/ &efolawG pkjyHK0ef;&H
wdkufcdkufr,f/ oihftvkyfu &EdkiforQ
aom twdu k tf cduk f yHpk H options rsm;pGm
oHk;jyD; olwdkY&JU toufjy health bar
awG ukefpif avsmhusatmif vkyfzdkYyJ/
olwYkd aoqH;k aysmufu, G w f meJY usecf w
hJ hJ
orbs awG aumuf,l pkaqmif;&r,f/
Demons awGukd &Snv f sm;aom vIy&f mS ;
rI action &atmif cvkwftwGJ combo
chains eJY jydK;jyufpGm vSypGm okwfoif
&wmu DMC &JU t"du qGJaqmifrI
jzpfw,f/ udk,fhudk damage rxdbJ
combos awG oDwGJ,l? levels awG
tvsit f jref jyD;pD;jyD; orbs awG wwfEikd f
orQ pkaqmif;&&SdwJhtcg points awG
&jyD; tydkxyfaqmif; a&TUuGuf moves
eJY wGJvHk; combos awG 0,f,lEdkifyg
w,f/
134 uGefysLwm*sme,f
xl;uJaumif;rGefwJh taumifMuD;
boss fights awG? ½kyf&SifZmwfvrf;
ozG,f cutscenes awGu oihfudk a&SU
qufupm;jzpfapzdYk&m rewards ay;xm;
jcif; jzpfw,f/ tayghpm; puzzle eJY
vrf;aMumif;&Sm platforming Mum;n§yf
xnfah y;xm;ayr,fh t"dutm;jzihaf wmh
pwdkifus twdkuftcdkuf fighting udkyJ
tom;ay;xm;ygw,f/
½Icif;½Iuu
G f aemufcH qufwifawG
vSypdkjynfayr,fh jyefoHk;xm;rIaMumihf
tqifxyf jiD;aiGUzG,f&mawmh jzpfEdkif
w,f/ Boss wpfaumifwnf;udk yHkpHwl
oHk;cgowf&wmusawmh rsm;vGef;ovdk
yJ/ DMC pD;&D;u cufvGef;w,fvdkY
emrnfqdk;eJY ausmfMum;w,f/
DMC 4 rSmawmh yef;jcHxJ jzwf
avQmuf & oavmuf r[k w f a yr,f h
twefi,f vG,fulatmif vkyfay;xm;
ygw,f/ Zmwfaumifopf eD;½dk;[m
'efwv D ykd J "m;eJY aoewfo;kH w,f/ 'gay
r,fh olYrmS wpfrx l ;l uJx G u
G w
f hJ a&TUuGuf
&Sdw,f/ olY&JU tjyma&mifawmuf vuf
armif; Devil Bringer eJY ta0;u
&efou l kd qkyuf ikd f udik af yguf? xkaxmif;
½dkufESufEdkifw,f/
eD;½dk;twGuf tjcm; toHk;uswJh
technique u "m;&JU pGrf;tm; charge
udk wifEdkifjcif;yJ/ "m;udk vTJ,rf;jyD;p
tcdkufrSm rSefuefwJh cvkwfudk ESdyf&if
"m;&JU damage output wdk;ay;Edkifyg
w,f/ yDpDoD;oefY aysmfarGUzG,f tydk
aqmif; mode awG yg&Sdygao;w,f/
Legendary Dark Knight (LDK)
mode rSm turbo speed eJY jrefEIef; jr§ihf
ay;w,f/ Screen tay: tjynfh ½l;
avmufp&m demons awG pkjyHK0ifvm
um tempo eJY pdwfvIyf&Sm;rIudk wifay;
ygw,f/ oihf&JU vufacsmif;awG vGef
vGefuJuJudk tvkyfrsm;apr,f/ pwdkif
[efyefususeJY vuf&majrmuf *drf;
wpfcktjzpf pkaqmif; odrf;qnf;xm;
oihfwJh *drf;awGxJrSm ygçygw,f/
 uGeyf sLwmoifcef;pm

Photoshop jzwfvrf;enf;rsm;

pwdik u
f s zuf&iS af Mumfjim'DZikd ;f zefw;D jcif;
jzwfvrf;enf;qkw d t
hJ wkid ;f ½d;k ½d;k vG,v
f ,
G ef nf;awGeYJwif rSm &SmMunhfzdkY tMuHjyKvkdygw,f/ Devianart, dreamstime
yDjyifom;em;wJyh akH wG zefw;D ,lMur,f/ tckjyKvkyrf mS u pwkid f eJY stock.xchng vdk tjcm; sites awGrSmvnf; &SmMunhfEkdifyg
zuf&iS u f s theme ygaom aMumfjim'DZikd ;f av;wpfcyk g/ 'Denf; w,f/ oifvkd&myHk &wJhtcg Photoshop xJrSm zGifhjyD; t&G,f
udrk jDS idr;f jyKí aeumrsufreS f 'grSr[kwf acgif;avQmf&nf? tvS jyif wdny§ w
f mawG vdt k yfovdk jyKvkyjf yifqif,x l m;yg/ ,ck
ukefypönf;aMumfjimawG jyKvkyfí &Ekdifavmufygw,f/ jzwfvrf;enf;twGuaf wmh aeumrsurf eS t f MuD;MuD;eJY rde;f rvS
av;[m design &JU theme jzpfvmygw,f/
tqifh «1»
yHak umif;aumif; &Smyg tqifh «2»
yxrtqift h aeeJY oifah wmfaumif;rGew f yhJ kH &Sm,lzYkd ygyJ/ ta&mifwifyg
Pro awGuawmh ud, k w
f idk f pdwMf udKuff &SmazG½ukd ,f &l if ,lr,f/ zuf&SifeJY tvSukefaMumfjimawGtwGuf ta&mif awmuf
Model awG oH;k &ifo;kH r,f/ uRefawmfwYdk jzwfvrf;enf;orm; awmufviG v f iG ef YJ vef;qef;aom [ef&atmif vkyaf vh&w
dS ,f/
awG vufwnfhprf;MunhfzdkY&mawmh www.istockphoto. com Layer topf jyKvkyfyg/ (Mo*kwfvxkwf uGefysLwm*sme,f
photoshop tutorial Tips and Tricks rSm jyefMunhfEkdif
ygw,f/) Gradient tool udk oHk;jyD; awmufyaom radial
gradient ukd layer topfrSm jznfhyg/ rwluGJjym;wJh layer
mode awG upm;Munhfyg/ tckyHkrSmjyxm;wJh erlemuawmh
ta&mifeyH gwf f743fb rS 6909d1 radial gradient jzpfygw,f/

pufwifbm? 2008 135

uGeyf sLwmoifcef;pm
Layer mode udk screen rSm xm;xm;w,f/ oifhtaeeJYrwl
uGJjym;aom Solid Color fill layer jzifhvnf; upm;MunhfEkdif
ygw,f/

tqifh «3»
½kyyf t
kH csKUd aygi;f xnhyf g/
'Dtqifah &mufwt hJ cg ,cif jyKvkycf w
hJ hJ gradient layer
udk hide vkyfyg/ Layer topf jyKvkyfyg/ Custom Shape
Tool udkac:jyD; heart yHk&Sm,lyg/ Option bar rSm Fill pixels
udka&G;xm;yg/ tjzLa&mif heart jyKvkyfyg/ ¤if; Layer ay:
ctrl uvpfEy dS ?f Move tool a&G;jyD; Altr + drag qGJ yGm;,lyg/
pdwf0ifpm;p&m ydkaumif;atmif t&G,frwdrf;r,drf;eJY tcsKdUudk
vSnhfxm;ao;w,f/ Background tjzpf tjzLa&mif heart
awGaemufrSm MuD;rm;aom yef;a&mif heart MuD;wpfck xnhf
vdkufyg/

tonf;MuD;&JU Layer rSm Fill udk avQmhyg/ tjzLa&mif

tonf;av;awG&JU wpfydkif;wpfpudkvnf; azmufjrifatmif
vkyf&r,f/ ¤if; Layer udk ouf0ifatmifvkyfyg/ Layers
palette rS Add Layer Mask button udk uvpfEy dS yf g/ Layer
Mask Thumbnail uGuu f kd uvpfEydS o
f uf0ifaeygap/ jyD;&if
Eraser tool eJY tem;pGef;av;awG vdkufazsmuf&if Munfvif
azmufjrif&r,f/ oifh'DZdkif;yHk taetxm;t& toHk;jyK&r,fh
subject/shape awG axGjym;aumif; axGjym;Ekdifygw,f/

136 uGefysLwm*sme,f
 uGeyf sLwmoifcef;pm
Max Radius rSm 32 oHk;xm;w,f/ 'DtqihfrSmawmh xyfcg
xyfcg prf;oyf upm;Munhfoifhygw,f/ pdwfMudKuf&wJhtcg
ctrl key ESdyfxm;&if; channel topf&JU yHkjyuGuf thumb-
nail tay: uvpfESdyfyg/ Selection &r,f/ Layers tab udk
ESdyfjyD;jyefoGm;yg/ Layer topf jyKvkyfyg/ Photoshop jzifh
twl ygvmwJh Gradient awGxu J awmufyjyD; ta&mifpakH om
t&mwpfckeJY drag qGJ ta&mifjznhfyg/
Selection jyefjzKwf/ rsufESmtay: xyfaewJht&mawG
tqifajyatmif vdkufzsufyg/ tapmu ydwfxm;aom gra-
dient layer udk zGifhjyD; taetxm;udk jyefMunhfyg/ Photo
adjustments tcsKdU jyKvkyfEdkifw,f/ Screen gradient layer
atmufrSm Levels adjustment layer aygif;xnhfygw,f/
(Layer > new Adjustment Layer > Levels)
tqifh «4»
Halftone Effect
Hearts/shapes awG&JUtay:rSm pdwf0ifpm;p&mav;
wpfck aygif;xnhfr,f/ Layers palette u channels tab
tay: uvpfESdyfyg/ Palette atmufajcu new channel
icon udk uvpfESdyfjyD; channel topfjyKvkyfyg/ (Alpha 1)
Brush tool udu k ikd yf g/ MuD;
rm;wJh soft brush eJY teuf
a&mif canvas tay: yHkrSm
jyxm;ovdk a&;jc,fMunhf
yg/
,ck Filter > Pixelate
> Color Half tone odYk oGm;
yg/ oifhawmfonfh setting
ay;yg/ tck erlemuawmh

tqifh (5)
pmom;aygi;f xnhyf g
'D design [m pm text wpfrsK;d rsK;d rygbJ jynfph rkH mS r[kwf
yg/ pmom;awGudk wpfydkif;pD ½dkufxm;w,f/ YOUR 2 ND

pufwifbm? 2008 137

uGeyf sLwmoifcef;pm
PAIR u oyfoyf/ 50 % OFF uoyfoyf/ 'Derlemu font
[m decker jzpfjyD; Urbanfonts u free download qGJcsEkdif
ygw,f/ txm;tokd tjyiftqif composition rSefygap/
tqifh «6»
xyfaqmif; effects
yHkrSmjyxm;ovdk scan lines pattern xnhfjyD; layer
modes trsKd;rsKd;eJY blend vkyf upm;Munhfyg/ tjcm; stock
photos awGeJY xyfMunhfyg/ ukefypönf;awG xnhfMunhfyg/
'DavmufygyJ/ Creative jzpfzYkd u ud,
k yf ikd f MudK;pm;tm;xkwrf I
eJYyJ qkdifygw,f/
uGefysLwmacwfrSm
avSeH"m;xpfawG a&Smif&Sm;zdkY
Q u udk,faysmufum; oHk;pGJykHtaMumif; ajcmufvufr
avmufxw l hJ manual pmtkyMf uD; vufurf;ay;w,f/ ]rif;vdk
ÓPfaumif;wJo h q
l &kd if wpfnavmufzwf½eHk YJ vHak vmufygjyD}
vdkYvnf;ajymw,f/ *sdrf;pfbGef;u rJhjyHK;jyHK;&if; pmtkyfudk um;
abmeufa&SU vTifhypfvdkufawmh pufaoewfESpfckxGufvmum
wpfppDjzpfatmif tvdktavsmuf ypfcwfvdkufygw,f/
Windows eJY Macintosh awGu vlawGudk ÓPfpGrf;ydk
xufrvmapbJ ydkí wHk;wmoGm;apovm;vdkY wcgwav
awG;Munfhrdw,f/ uGefysLwmtoHk;jyKenf;vufpGJ manual
pmtkyfawGrSm tawGU&rsm;aewmu tvkdtavsmuf odjrif
vG,favmufatmif ½dk;vGef;vSwJhudpöawGrSmawmif ca&aph
wGif;us step-by-step eJY ZmcsJUxm;ovdk cHpm;&w,f/ jynfy
u pmtkyfpifawGrSm Munfh&ifvnf; xx for Dummies awG
wpfyHkwpfyifawGU&r,f/
vlawG&JU odjrif em;vnfrIqdkwm b,ftaMumif;t&m
twGufrqkd pdwful;yHkpHi,f model qdkwm &Sd&ygw,f/ Con-
cept oabmt,lwpfckeJY oD0&Dqdkif&m abmifxnf theo-
retical framework &Sd&if vkdtyfwJh taMumif;t&m a'wm
tcsuftvufudk xkwfEkwf,lEdkifw,f/ 'DvkdrSr[kwfbJ awGU
u&m&Spaf omif; qefpOf&musnaf yGUvdu k f wpfppDvu kd rf w
S af e&
&if b,fawmhrS jcHKiHktvkyfjzpfrnfr[kwfyg/
Tool awGeYJ bmvky& f if bmjzpfw,fvYkd odwmu tvkyf
wm0efwpfckudk rjyD;ajrmufapyg/ b,fae&mrSm bmaMumifh
b,fvv kd yk &f w,fqw dk hJ r[mAsL[meJY rl&if;usaom ud, k yf ikd f
tm;xkwrf I creativity udk arG;,lzYkduvnf; t"duusygw,f/
Trial and error enf;eJY pl;prf;Munfv h pkd w
d ?f vufquRrf;usif
rI skill &atmif avhusifhvdkpdwfrsm;vnf; vdkao;w,f/
Photoshop tool awG od½HkeJY oifhudk *&yfzpf'DZdkifemjzpf
atmif vkyrf ay;yg/ AutoCAD command rsm; tvGw&f ½keH YJ
oifhudk draftman tif*sifeD,mjzpfatmif vkyfray;yg/ oif
onf oufqdkif&m ynm&yfe,fy,f&JU domain knowledge
awG &Sdxm;jyD;jzpf&ygr,f/ tqHk;rawmhvnf; Die Another
Day ½ky& f iS u
f m;rSm *srd ;f pfbeG ;f u vlq;kd awGukd tEdik , f ol mG ;wm
manual pmtkyfzwfír[kwf/ tajctaet& yg;eyfcsufcsm
pGmjzifh ÓPfudk vTmoHk;oGm;íygyJ/ vkdtyf&if reference vkyf
&rSmjzpfayr,fh oD0&Doabmw&m; awG;ac: pOf;pm;yHkawGu
ydkí tc&musaMumif; qdkvdkcsifygw,f/

138 uGefysLwm*sme,f
 Word Annoyance

pdwt
f aESmift
h ,Sujf zpfp&m Word jyóem

tcef; (4) tykid ;f (1)

Formatting vkyfief;pOfESifh Layout vkyfief;pOf Normal.dot and Default Settings

jyD;cJhaom tydkif;u@rsm;wGif document wpfcktwGif;
text rsm; xnfhoGif;rIESifh tajccHwnf;jzwfrIrsm;ESifh ywfouf
onfh pdwt f aESmifth ,Sujf zpfp&m jyóemrsm;udk rnfoYkd rnfykH
aqmif&u G af jz&Si;f ,lEikd rf nfukd tao;pdwf wifjyay;cJyh gonf/
odkY&mwGif formatting vkyfief;pOfESifh Layout vkyif ef;pOfrsm;
twGuf qufvufavhvm&ef vdktyfaeygvdrhfrnf/
tpDtpOft& OD;pGm vkyfaqmif&rnfh taMumif;udprö Sm
Normal dot. udk a&G;xkwf&efyif jzpfonf/ Default font
rsm;? view rsm;ESifh margins rsm;onf Normal.dot udk
vufrcHygu rnfonfh document udkrqdk tajccsvdrhfrnf
r[kwaf y/ qdv k okd nfrmS documents rsm;tm;vH;k onf wjcm;
templates ay:wGif taotcsm tajccs,ljcif; r&Sdwwfay/
aemufvmrnfh taMumif;t&mrsm;onf direct format-
ting ESiyhf wfoufonfh vufwYkd tñTe;f rsm;? numbering 'ku©
oku©rsm;? tMuHjyKcsufrsm;ESihf toHk;jyKay;aom Word ESihf
pwdkifrsm;yif jzpfonf/ Formatting qdo k nfh udpoö nf acwf
tawG;tac:udpEö iS t hf wl toH;k cs&ef vG,v f ,
G uf ul l vkyaf y;
Edkifaomfvnf; csufcsif;qdkovdk confusing rsm; 0ifvmEdkif
onf/ txl;ojzifh rdrdtm; owday;jcif;r&Sdu Language
udk jrefqefpGm ajymif;,loGm;onfhtcgrsKd;wGif tcuftcJ&Sd
wwfygonf/ Automatic numbered Lists wdkYonf tcsdef
ukefoufomaponfh styles jzifh ydkjyD; tcsdefukef oufomap
onf/ odkYtwGuf ¤if;wdkYudk rnfodkYrnfyHk xdxda&mufa&muf
toHk;csEdkifrnfudk þtcef;u@wGif jrifawGUMu&rnfjzpfyg
onf/ aemufyikd ;f wGif *&yfzpfrsm;ae&mcsxm;jcif;ESifh ywfouf
onfhudprö sm;yif awGUjrifEdkifygvdrhfrnf/
Normal.dot wGif Default font udk ajymif;jcif;
Annoyance
rdrd document tm;vHk;wGif default font &SdaecJhygu
pmvHk;t&G,ftpm; tvGefao;i,fvGef;aom taetxm;jzifh
zwf,lae&onf/ Zoom vkyfMunhfvQif MuD;MuD;jzifh &,lEdkif
onf/ rnfodkYyifjzpfap Arial udk toHk;jyK&mwGif default
font jzihfom &Sdaeapvdkygonf/
Fix
tvG,fwul vkyf,lEdkifygonf/ topfwpfckudk ac:,l
vdkufonfhtcg tvGwfay:vmpOf format udk a&G;jyD; font
udk oGm;&rnf/ Font trsKd;tpm;eJY t&G,ftpm;udk oihfavsmf
ovdk a&G;cs,fjyD; Default cvkwfudk click vkyfay;Edkif&rnf/
jyD;vQif corfirmation dialog box twGif; yes udk ESdyfvdkuf
jcif;jzihf Normal Template udk updates taetxm;jzihf
&&SdoGm;ygvdrhfrnf/
Normal.dot wGif Default Layout udk ajymif;jcif;
Annoyance
Default font udk ajymif;,lxm;jyD;jzpfojzifh rdrdtwGuf
ydrk kd tqifajyvmcJjh yD; jzpfygonf/ odYk&mwGif rdrMd udKufEpS o
f uf
ovdk zoom taetxm;jzifh word udk pwifvQif pwifcsif;
jrifawGUaevdkygonf/
Fix
1/ Normal.dot udk zGihfyg/ Normal. dot udk &Sm&ef Tools
rS Options udk oGm;jyD; file location tab udk ESyd af y;vdu
k &f
onf/ User templates wGif check trSwt f om; jyay;

pufwifbm? 2008 139

uGefysLwmoifcef;pm
yg/ (default location onf % userprofile%\ Ap-
plication Data\ Microsoft\ Template folder jzpf
onf) Window Explorer windows wpfcktwGif;rS
tqdyk g folders udzk iG ,
fh jl yD; Normal.dot udk right_click
vky&f rnf/ jyD;vQif shortcut menu rS Open udk ESyd v f ukd f
&onf/
2/ rdrdtvdk&Sdaom Zoom taetxm;jzifh view udk csdefn§d
ay;&onf/
3/ File udk ESdyfjyD; save udk a&G;um file rS close odkY oGm;&
rnf/
4/ Word udk jyefpvdkufonfhtcg rdrdtvdk&Sdonfh tajc
taersKd;jzifh &&SdoGm;ygvdrhfrnf/
Default Margins udk ajymif;jcif;
Annoyance
Default Left margins ESifh right margins rsm;onf
1.25" jzpfonf/ rnfonfhtwGufaMumifh 1" standard jzpf
raeoenf;/
Fix
Word onf 1.25" margins toHk;jyK&jcif;onf pm
wpfapmifudk ½dkufvdkvQif toihfjzpfaeap&ef &nf&G,fíxm;&Sd
jcif;jzpfonf/
default margins rsm;udk ajymvdkygu
1/ Normal.dot jzifh tajcjyKaqmif&Gufxm;aom docu-
ment wpfckudk zGihf,lyg/ File udk a&G;jyD; New Blank
Document udk standard toolbar ESihftwl ac:,l&
onf/
2/ File udk a&G;jyD; Page Setup wdkY oGm;um Margins udk
click vky,
f &l onf/
3/ rdrdtvdk&Sdaom margins udk csdefn§d&onf/
4/ vdktyfvQif Paper tab odkYr[kwf Layout setting ay:
wGif paper setting a&G;ay;&rnf/ (header jzpfap?
footer position jzpfap a&G;ay;&rnf) Word 2000 wGif
Paper Size [k ac:qdkonfh tab udk toHk;jyK&onf/
Paper Source tab [lívnf; ac:onf/
5/ Default cvkwfudk ESdyfjyD; confirmation dialog box
twGif;rS Yes udk click vkyfay;&rnf/ (Figure 4-1 odkY
½Iyg/)
140 uGefysLwm*sme,f
Figure 4-1
Document tm;vH;k wGif margins rsm;udk rdrt
d vd&k o
dS uJo
h Ykd
oufa&mufr&I adS p&ef Normal templats twGi;f default
margins udk ajymif;ay;&onf/
Direct Formatting
rdrd\ paste vkyfief;pOfwGif formatting udk xdef;csKyf
vk y f u d k i f a y;jcif ;
Annoyance
tjcm; document \ wpfae&mwGif paste materials
udk cs,lMuaomtcg word onf formatting yg&Sdvmaomf
vnf; wcsKdUu yg&Sdvmjcif;r&Sday/
Fix
rwlnDaom oD;jcm;tajctaersm; &SdEdkifygonf/
yxrwpfckrSm paragraph mark yg0ifxm;onfh text
udk paste vkyf,lcJhygu style yg ygvmvdrhfrnf/ odkYtwGuf
omref taetxm;wpfcw k iG f text wpfcw
k nf; odYk r[kwf ydjk yD;
jynfph akH om paragaraphs rsm;udk paste vkyaf omtcg tqdyk g
paragraph wGif toHk;csxm;cJhonfh styles rsm; wpfygwnf;
&&SMd uonf/ ¤if;uJo h Ykd jyKrlru
I kd y,fzsuf ausmv
f mT ;,lEikd o
f nf/
Edit rS Paste Special odkY oGm;í 'Unformatted text' op-
tion udk a&G;,l&onf/ jyD;vQif OK udk ESdyfay;&onf/ xdkodkY
vkyf,lxm;jcif;tm;jzifh paragraph mark ryg0ifaom paste
wpfckudk paste vkyfygu style yg&Sdvmvdrhfrnf/
vuf wkYd t nTe;f
Paragraph marks ESihftwl word udk cif;usif;,l&ef
twGuf Tools rS Options odkYoGm;um View tab udk ESdyf
,l&onf/ "Paragraph Marks box wGif check trSwf
tom;jyay;&onf/ Formatting marks rsm; tm;vHk;\
tcif;tusif;udk toggle vky&f ef standard toolbar ay:rS
Show/Hide button udk click vkyfay;&rnf/
 'kwd,wpfckrSm word XP ESifh word 2003 twGif;u
smart-cut-and-paste feature onf text \ paragraph
wpfckudk paste vkyfonfhtcg oihfavsmfonfh style udk toHk;
cs&ef default udk oHk;&ef MudK;pm;avh&Sdonf/ Tools rS Op-
tions odkYoGm;í Edit tab udk click vkyfum "Smart cut and
paste" box wGif uncheck trSwt f om;jzpfaecJyh gu check
trSwftom; jyKvkyfay;&onf/ Setting dialog box xGuf
vm&eftwGufrl setting cvkwfudk click vkyfay;&rnf jzpf
onf/ tu,fí rdrdonf style twGuf manual jzifh udkif
wG,v f ykd gu "Smart Style behavior" udk uncheck vkyaf y;
&rnf/ tu,fí rdrt d aejzifh tjcm; List wpfct
k wGi;f paste
vkyf,l&rnfh pm&if;yg items rsm;\ style udk Word rS
rajymif;rvJ yg&SdvmapvdkonfhtcgwGif "Merge Pasted
Lists with surrounding lists" [laom box wGif uncheck
vkyfay;&rnf/
tqdkyg boxes rsm;udk check vkyfxm;jyD;vQif word
2003 jzpfjzpf? Word XP jzpfjzpf Paste Options Smart
Tag udk click vkyfvdkufonfESifh wpfjydKifeuf rdrd pasted
vkyfonfh text &JU formatting tvsiftjref ajymif;vJoGm;ap
Edkifw,f/ Figure 4-2 rSm jrif&wJhtwdkif; pop-up menu u
oihfavsmfr,fh options awGudk a&G;,l&ygvdrhfr,f/
Figure 4-2
Word 2003 jzpfjzpf? Word XP rSmjzpfjzpf text &JU
formatting awGukd csed n
f Ed§ ikd zf Ykd Paste Options Smart Tag
udk toH;k jyKyg/
Spaced-Out Pasted Text t&,ljcif;
Annoyance
Mac uGefysLwmtwGuf Word 2003 eJY jzpfjzpf Word
2004 eJY jzpfjzpf tvkyv
f yk af ewJt
h cg tcsed w
f ikd ;f vdv
k kd jyóem
wpfck awGUawGUae&w,f/ qdkMuygpdkY/ Web twGif; epfarsm
Munfh½Iae&if; wu,fhudk pdwf0ifpm;p&maumif;wJh tcsuf
wpfcck u
k kd awG;rdr,f/ 'Dtcg rdrt d vd&k w
dS hJ text udk a&G;cs,fjyD;
copy vk y f u m word document wpf c k zG i h f j yD ; paste
vkyf,lr,f/ Paste special &,f? plain paste &,f qdkjyD;
toHk;cszdkY *½krpdkufbJ&SdcJh&if formatting u jzpfuwwfqef;
yHkpHrsKd; jzpfoGm;w,f/ Spaces awGutp tabs awGtxd
oHk;jyD; jyKjyif,l&w,f/ PDF file awG? Notepad awG? Text
Edit awGeJY word ta[mif; version wpfcku text awGudk
aumuf,&l ifvnf; 'Dvykd J jzpfaeawmhw,f/ 'DtcgrSm b,fvkd
formatting rS t&r,lEi kd b
f J paste vkyaf e&wm bmaMumihyf g
vJ odvdkygw,f/
Fix
Edit uae Paste Special udk oGm;jyD; Unformatted
Text qdkwJh Option udk a&G;,l&if plain text udk ay;ygvdrhf
r,f/ tJvrkd [kw&f if Notepad ay:uwpfqihf wpfqihu f ;l ,l
zdkY MudK;pm;&ygw,f/ qdkvdkwmu b,fujzpfjzpf copy vkyf
xm;wJh text udjk zpfjzpf? Windows MuD;&JU Word ay:rSm paste
udk yxrOD;pGm csxm;MunfhjyD;rS rESpfjrdKUzG,faumif;wJh yHkpHcsrI
awGudk z,fxkwfjyD; vdkovdk &,lEdkifygvdrhfr,f/
odkYwdkifatmif extra spaces awGeJY tabs awG qufvuf
ygaeOD;r,fqdk&if? PDF jzpfjzpf? Web page ujzpfjzpf? Lay-
out vkyfzdkYudpaö wGygaeaumif; ygaevdkYom jzpfygvdrhfr,f/
'gawGudk z,fxkwfzdkY rvdkvm;tyfwJh tabs awG? spaces
awG&UJ column udk select vkyjf yD; Alt ESyd jf yD; qGx
J w
k v
f Ykdjzpfjzpf?
single space 'grSr[kwf single tab wpfckeJYtwl white
space udk tpm;xdk;ae&vdkYjzpfjzpf? Layout tay: rlwnfjyD;
aqmif&Guf,l&rSm jzpfw,f/
½IyfaxG;aewJh formatting awGudk
csufcsif; copy vkyf jcif;
Annoyance
Font dialog box twGi;f vkyi
f ef;wcsKdUudk tjyif;txef
vkyf,ljyD;aemuf trSeftuef format csjyD; aqmif&GufEdkifcJhyg
w,f/ tckwpfcg 'D formatting eJY wpfax&mwnf;jzpfap
r,fh tjcm; document twGif;rSm toHk;jyKvdkw,fqdk&if jzpf
Edkifyghrvm;/
Fix
nnf;wGm;csufukd jzdKcsvdu
k jf yD; 'Dupd u
ö kd enf;vrf;oH;k rsKd;
xJu wpfckckeJY tvG,fwul aqmif&GufMunfhEdkifygw,f/
Ä rdrd formatted vkyfxm;wJh pmvHk;udk a&G;,lyg/ Stand-
ard too;bar ay:u format painter button udk dou-
ble-click vkyf,l&ygr,f/ (paint brush icon av;eJY
jyxm;wJh button) jyD;&if rdrd format vkyfvdkwJh pmvHk;
wpfckpDay:rSm drag vkyf,l&w,f/ Format Painter
pufwifbm? 2008 141
uGefysLwmoifcef;pm
button jyefay:vmapzdkY Escape udk ESdyfvdkufjcif;eJY
jyD;ajrmufoGm;ygvdrhfr,f/
Ä Formatted word awGudk copy vkyfjyD; wjcm; pmvHk;
awGay:rSm paste vky, f yl g/ vdt
k yf&if xyfvyk Mf unfyh g/
'Denf;uvnf; format painter button udk toHk;cs
oavmuf aumif;ygw,f/
Word twGuf formatting vkyfief;pOf vkyfudkifyHk
Humvee wpfckudk wm;qD;zdkY Word rSm vHkavmufwJh
formatting options awG &Sdaeygw,f/ tcsdefawG trsm;MuD;
jzKef;aep&mrvdkbJ vkyfudkifEdkifrSm jzpfw,f/
Ä Style wpfckqdkwm regular paragraph wpfcktwGuf
jzpfjzpf? List paragraph wpfcktwGufjzpfjzpf? table
cell wpfcktwGufjzpfjzpf 'grSr[kwf character wpfck
xuf ydkwJh characters awGtwGufjzpfjzpf? formatting
awG pka0;&mae&mwpfckjzpfw,f/ OyrmtaeeJY top-
level heading twGuf Head 1 style wpfckudk nor-
mal body text tpm; rwlnw D hJ font wpfcu k kd toH;k jyK&
r,f/ Font size udk yHkMuD;&r,f/ rwlnDwJh pmpDyHkpH jyK
&r,f/ tJ'gjyD;&ifjzpfjzpf? rvmrDjzpfjzpf? space tydk
xm;&r,fqw kd mawG vkyzf Ykdvwkd ,f qdyk gpdYk / Word 2003
eJY word XP u paragraph styles wdkY? List styles wdkY
table styles eJY character styles wdkYqdkwJh trsKd;tpm;
av;ckvHk;udk yHhydk;aqmif&Gufay;ygw,f/ Word 2000
eJY olYxuf apmwJh version awGuawmh paragraph
styles awGeJY character styles awGudkyJ yHhydk;aqmif&Guf
EdkifrSm jzpfw,f/ wu,fvdkY rdrdtaeeJY list style awGeJY
table styles awGudk yHhydk;aqmif&Gufay;Edkifr,fh word
version udk toHk;jyKcJhr,fqdk&if word 2000 eJY 'Dhxuf
apmwJh version awGudkyg wGJoHk;zdkY vdkygvdrhfr,f/
taumif;qHk;uawmh list styles eJY table styles awGudk
roHk;zdkYygyJ/ Styles qdkwm wu,fawmh formatting
tm;vHk;udk toHk;cs,lwJh enf;vrf;udk ydkoabmusap
w,f/ bmjzpfvdkYvJqdkawmh rdrd documents awGudk
wpfurÇmvHk; twdkif;twmtwGif;&Sdapr,fh toHk;jyKrIrsKd;
udk vdkvm;jyD; csufcsif; ajymif;,lEdkifapzdkY jzpfw,f/
Ä Direct Formatting qdkwmu word wpfck 'grSr[kwf
paragraph wpfckvdk object wpfckudk wdkwf½dkuf toHk;
csEdik rf ,fh formatting vkyif ef;pOfjzpfw,f/ OyrmtaeeJY
142 uGefysLwm*sme,f
Ä Formatted word uae character style wpfck zefwD;
,l&ygr,f/ Word udk select drop-down list tay:
qH;k u Style listbox udk click vkyjf yD; style opftwGuf
trnfwpfcu k kd ½du
k o
f iG ;f ay;&w,f/ 'DypkH t
H wdik ;f ,lvw
kd hJ
style wdkif;twGuf xyfjyD; toHk;cs,lEdkifygvdrhfr,f/
word twGuf bold 'grSr[kwf italic formatting udk
toHk;cs&r,f/ 'grSr[kwf paragrapher wpfck&JU Line
spacing awG alighnment awG vkyf&r,fqdk&if toHk;
cs,lwmrsKd;udk qdkvdkwm jzpfw,f/ Direct formatting
udk toHk;cswJhtcg rule wpfcktaeeJY r[kwfawmhbJ
style wpfckudk toHk;cszdkYtxd tydkaqmif;vkyfief;awGudk
yg toHk;cs,l&ygvdrhfr,f/
Ä Page Layout formatting qdkwm paper t&G,ftpm;
awG orientation awG? page margins awGeJY header
eJY footer ae&mcsxm;rIawGtm;vH;k udk Layout vky,
f w
l hJ
ae&mrSm xdef;csKyfzdkYtwGuf toHk;jyK&wJh vkyfief;pOfjzpf
w,f/
Ä Section formatting qdw k muawmh document wpfc&k UJ
oufqdkif&m tpdwftydkif;wpfckudk Layout vkyfwJhtcg
xdef;csKyfaqmif&GufwJhvkyfief;pOfjzpfw,f/ Document
wpfck&JU page layout u tpdwftydkif;wpfcku tjcm;
tpdwt f ydik ;f wpfcq
k u
D kd wpfrsK;d ajymif;,lEikd zf Ykd aqmif&u
G f
ay;w,f/
Ä Theme qdkwmuawmh twdtus ñTef;qdkwJhtaeeJY
document wpfckudk ay;zdkY 'DZdkif;jyKvkyfxm;wJh styles
awG? elements awGukd vkyaf y;r,fh suite wpfcjk zpfw,f/
Elements qdkwJhae&mrSm back ground image udk bul-
lets wdkYeJY icons wdkYvdkt&mrsKd;udk qdkvdkwmjzpfjyD; style
vkywf ahJ e&mrSm Normal Style acgif;pD;wdkY? hyperlinks
wdkYvdkt&mawGudk qdkvdkwmjzpfw,f/ Theme wpfcku
document &JU templates udk z,fxkwf tpm;xdk; ae&m
,lay;Edkifw,f/ Theme &JU t"duvkyfief;uawmh xif
[yfwJhae&mrSm twlwljzpfaezdkY uJGjym;wJh templates
eJY toHk;csxm;ayr,fh web pages awG jyKvkyfay;zdkYyJ
jzpfw,f/ wjcm; documents trsKd;tpm;awGrSmvnf;
qdkEdkifygao;w,f/
Formatting udk toHk;cszdkY taumif;qHk;enf;vrf;
1/ rdrdtvdk&SdwJh styles ygwJh templates wpfckudk zefwD;,l
yg/
2/ rdrtd wGuf formatting &JU primary means taeeJY non-
list eJY non-table wpfcqk o D Ykd paragraph style wpfcu k kd
toHk;cs,lyg/ List style wpfckudk list paragraph
wpfckpDrS toHk;cs,lyg/ Table style wpfckudk table
paragraph 'grSr[kwf cell wpfckpDrSm toHk;cs,lyg/
(Word 2000 eJY apmapmydi k ;f version awGukd tjynft h 0
vduk af vsmnDaxG jzpfapvd&k if list styles eJY table styles
xuf paragraph style udk toHk;jyKoihfw,f)
tpHkvdkuf formatting rsm; toHk;csjcif;
Annoyance
Paragraphs awG tm;vHk;udk format vkyf,lzdkYqdkwm
wpfckcsif;vkyfae&r,fqdk&if em&DtawmfMumrSm jzpfw,f/
Fix
Styles awG tm;vHk;udk toHk;jyKvdk&if 'Dtcef;u@tjyD;
aemufydkif;wGif "Style" taMumif; oD;jcm;azmfjyrSm jzpfw,f/
tcsdefukef oufomatmif b,fvdk vkyf&r,fqdkwm tao;
pdwfazmfjyay;rSmjzpfw,f/
Capitalized Text udk Small Caps ajymif;,ljcif;
Annoyance
Type document wdkif;rSm heading style wpfckvHk;
toHk;jyK&r,fhtpm; THE HEADINGS IN ALL UPPER
CASE eJY format csxm;wm awGU&w,f/ 'Dae&mrSm Caps
Lock Key udk trsm;qHk; toHk;jyK&rSmjzpfw,f/ 'Dvdk jzpfvm
wJh document &JU headings awG tm;vHk;udk regular capi-
talization yHkpHajymif;,lzdkY vdkvmw,f/
Fix
One-click fix eJYawmh r&Edi
k af y/ Word 2003 'grSr[kwf
Word XP twGif;rSm offending heading udk yxr a&G;,l
yg/ ajymif;,lvdkwJh heading wdkif;udk select vkyfpOf Ctrl udk
vnf; zdxm;ay;&w,f/ 'Dvdk select vkyfjyD;jyD;qdkwmeJY for-
mat u wpfqihf change case udk a&G;,l&r,f/ Figure 4-
3 twdkif; change case ay:vmvdrfhr,f/ 'DtcgrSm Title
Case option udk a&G;,ljyD; OK udk ESdyfay;vdkuf&w,f/ jyD;&if
3/ Paragraph wpfcktwGif;u wduswJh element wpfckudk
aumuf,lvdkufwJhtcg characters style wpfckudk
toHk;jyK,lyg/ OyrmtaeeJY word awGtwGuf bold
vkyzf Ykd italic vkyzf Ykd&rdS ,fq&kd if Bold , Italic style wpfcu k kd
toHk;jyK&ygr,f/
4/ Apply direct formatting uawmh wu,fhudk vdktyfrS
om toHk;cs&ygvdrhfr,f/ Document wpfckwnf;rSmyJ
multiple items awGudk direct formatting toHk;cszdkY
vdv
k mr,fq&kd if ¤if;twGuo f m style wpfcu k kd zefw;D ,l
&rSm jzpfw,f/
Ctrl+Shift + K wGE J ydS v
f u
kd &f if small caps awGukd toH;k csEikd f
oGm;jyD jzpfw,f/ (wjcm;wpfenf;uawmh format uae font
udk oGm;jyD; small caps box rSm check trSwftom;jyKum
OK udk ESdyfay;&w,f) Word 2000 eJY apmapmydkif;u ver-
sion awGuawmh 'Dvdk multiple sections rsKd;udk cGifhjyKEdkifrSm
r[kwfay/
Figure 4-3
txufygupd &ö yf
twGuf Chang
Case dialog box
twGi;f u Title
Case udk a&G;cs,af y;vdu
k jf cif;u tjrefq;kH enf;vrf;jzpfw,f/
vuf wkYd t nTe;f
Word &JU Change Case dialog box twGif;u Title
Case udk a&G;cs,f,ljcif;u Lowercase u letter awG
usefcJhjyD; uppercase u pmvHk;wpfvHk;pDudk yxrqHk;jyK
vkyfay;w,f/ 'gaMumifh writers eJY editors awGtwGuf
udk ay;xm;ovdk jzpfoGm;apw,f/ bmjzpfvdkYvJqdkawmh
conjunctions vdkpmvHk;awGeJY short prepositions awG
u omreftm;jzifh heading awG&JU lowercase rSm &Sdae
wwfw,f/ rdrdtaeeJY heading awG twGif;u pmvHk;
trsm;pkukd proper capitalization toH;k cszYkdq&kd if macro
wpfckudk zefwD;,l&rSmjzpfw,f/ tqdkygvkyfcsuftwGuf
tao;pdwfudk tcef; 8 rSm azmfjyay;rSm jzpfygw,f/
qufvufazmfjyygO;D rnf/
pufwifbm? 2008 143
uGeyf sLwmoifcef;pm

Photoshop Tutorial

tqifh (1) tqifh (2)

200 x 200 px &SdwJh document topf owåKom;tay: brush tpif;aMumif;qGJ

vlMuKd urf sm;
wpfck jyKvkyfyg/ Edit > Fill udk oGm;jyD; 50% ovdkyHkjzpfatmif vkyf&r,f/ Filter > Blur >
a&yef;pm;wJh Gray eJY jznfhyg/ Filter > Noise > Add Noise Motion Blur odkY oGm;yg/ Angle udk -45º, dis-
udk oGm;jyD; amount udk 20% xm;yg/ Distri- tance udk 20 px xm;yg/ (Setting awG udk,f
texture wpfrsK;d bution u uniform, monochromatic udk vkdovkd upm;MunhfEdkifygw,f/)
check trSwfay;&r,f/
jzpfaom
brushed metal

effects udk

vkyMf unfMh uyg r,f/

tqifh (3)

cyf½dk;½dk;jzpfaeao;w,f/ tvif;enf;enf;
ay;r,f/ Filter > Render > Lighting Effects
udk oGm;yg/ atmufyg setting rsm; xm;yg/

144 uGefysLwm*sme,f
 uGeyf sLwmoifcef;pm

tqifh (4)
tck &vmwJh brushed metal texture udk xyfwvJvJ
toHk;csEdkifygw,f/ tqifh (1)? (2) eJY (3) wdkYrSm udk,fydkif
tMudKuf setting awG upm;MunfhzkdY&m vufaES;raeygeJY/
tck[mu sample rQomygyJ/

tqifh (5)
'DtqifhrSmawmh texture mapping vkyfjyD; Layer ef-
fect awG ay;MunfhzdkY&mygyJ/

pufwifbm? 2008 145

uGeyf sLwmoifcef;pm

Downloading #Dum
Common problems with downloading

omreftaeeJY downloading vkyfwJhae&mrSm tawmfav; temw&uif;wJh

udpjö zpfw,f/ b,fvykd jJ zpfjzpf wpfcgwav jyóemawG &Sv d mEkid yf gw,f/ Down-
loading vkywf t
hJ cg yufyif;MuHKawGYEidk w
f hJ a,bk,stusq;kH "error message"awG
atmufygtwkdif; jrifawGYEkdifygvdrfhr,f/

"Error Copying File or Folder" -not enough file space rdrd&JU hard disk rSm
jynfhae&ifjzpfjzpf? jynfhoavmufeD;eD; &Sdae&ifjzpfjzpf 'D error message xGufvm
wwfw,f/ txl;ojzifh rdrdtaeeJY tvGefMuD;rm;wJh file MuD;wpfckudk download
vkyfzdkY MudK;pm;wJhtcg awGYEkdifw,f/ 'DtcgrSm yDpDqdk&if Recycle Bin udk &Sif;xkwf
&rSmjzpfovdk Mac qdk&if waste basket udk &Sif;xkwfypf&rSm jzpfw,f/ 'Dvdk
vkyfvkdufjcif;tm;jzifh ae&mtawmftoifh &,loGm;Ekdifygvdrfhr,f/

" O % Download"
Downloading pvkyfaejyDvdkY azmfjyay;aeayr,fh wdk;wufjyD;pD;rI tajctae
rjyEkdifwJhtcgrSm awGY&wwfw,f/ 'Dae&mrSm bandwidth rjynfhrDvdkY uGefysLwmu
cHpm;ae&wmrsKd; &SEd idk w
f ,f/ aemufwpfcsufu vlawmfawmfrsm;rsm;u rdrq d cJG s,lae
wJh file udkyJ wpfcsdefwnf;rSm qGJcs,laevdkYvnf; jzpfEkdifw,f/ 'DtcgrSm rdepf
tenf;i,favmuf apmifhvkdufjyD;rSom downloading vkyfief;pOfudk qufvkyf
ukdifoifhw,f/ rdepftenf;i,f apmifhqkdif;jyD;rS aemufwpfMudrf MudK;pm;jyD; click
vkyf,lwJhwkdif wdk;wufrI wpfpHkwpf&mrjycJh&if em&Dykdif;avmufypfxm;jyD;rS down-
loading udk MudK;pm;&rSmjzpfw,f/ em&DtawmfMum em;MunfhjyD;rS xyfvkyfMunfhvkdY
r&cJh&if rdrd&,lvdkwJh file 'grSr[kwf tJ'D site u tjrJwrf; ydwfxm;vdkY jzpfygvdrfh
r,f/

146 uGefysLwm*sme,f
 uGeyf sLwmoifcef;pm

"50 % Download"
Download vkyf,laepOf vrf;wpf0ufrSm ododomom rSwf p &m
od
&yfwefYjidro
f ufaecJ&h if 'D message rsK;d awGYEidk w
f ,f/ 'Dupd u
ö
tifwmeufqufo, G rf &I UJ jyóemvnf; jzpfEidk yf gw,f/ trI P2P y½dk*&rfawGqdkwm tvGef ay:jyLvmjzpfvmMujyD;
rJh trSwrf hJ xdcu
dk rf o
d mG ;vdYk qufo, G Mf udK; jywfomG ;wmvnf; omreftm;jzifh tcrJh &,lEkdifwmrsKd;jzpfwJhtwGuf a&;om;
jzpfEidk yf gw,f/ 'grSr[kwf rdru d eG yf sLwmudu k crash jzpfomG ; jyKpkoal wGu spyware awG xnfx h m;wwfw,f/ ukeo f , G f
vdkYvnf; jzpfEkdifygao;w,f/ 'DtajctaersKd;twGuf quf rIqidk &f m uG,0f u
S x
f m;vdw
k hJ tpDtpOfawGukd trsm;odapzdYk
oG,rf I tjyiftqifawGukd ppfaq;jyD; xyfrMH udK;pm;Munf&h rSm jzefYa0ay;vkdufovdk jzpfoGm;jyD; pdwfrcsrf;ajrhp&mudpaö wG
jzpfw,f/ ay:vmEkdifygvdrfhr,f/

'404 Error'-Page not found

'Dvdk page message jrifawGYvkduf&if rdrdqGJcs,lvdkwJh
file udk z,fxw
k jf yD; jzpfaewwfovdk taMumif;wpfcck ak Mumifh
qufrzGiahf y;awmhwm jzpfEidk yf gw,f/ 'Dvjkd zpfvm&ifawmh rdrd
taeeJY bmrSwwfEkdifrSm r[kwfay/ tcefYoifhvdkY aemufwpf
Mudrf MuHKMudKufwJhtcg jyefMudK;pm;oifhovdk wjcm; search
engine wpfckckudk toHk;csjyD; wjcm;ae&mrSm&SdaewJh 'D file
udkyJ download vkyfMunfhoifhygw,f/
P2P (peer-to-peer) downloading
vGefcJhwJh 5 ESpfavmufu pay:cJhjyD; ay:jyLvmjzpfvSwJh
downloading yHkpHopfuawmh P2P (peer-to-peer) down-
loading pepfyjJ zpfw,f/ 'gudk 'file-sharing' vkyw
f mvdYkvnf;
odxm;Muw,f/ bmyJjzpfjzpf 'Dae&mrSm owdjyK&rSmuawmh
'Dvdk downloading vkyfr,fqdk&if account wpfckxm;zdkY
tav;teuf pOf;pm;xm;&rSmjzpfw,f/

Garbled characters File-sharing

wu,fvdkY download link wpfckay:rSm click jyD;
window av;ugarbage characters awGeYJ twl AvH;k AaxG;
oGijf yifvu©PmawGeYJ browser vkyzf Ykd jyay;aecJ&h if browser
u tJ'D file udk rodem;rvnfjzpfaewm jzpfEidk w f ,f/ 'Dvjkd zpf
vm&if downloading vkyfr,fhtpm; t&ifOD;pGm zwfMunfh
oifhygw,f/ taumif;qHk;enf;vrf;uawmh download link
tay: click vkyfwJhtcg ALT key (Mac jzpfygu Apple
key) udk zdxm;oifw h ,f/ jyD;&if xGuv
f mwJh menu u "Save
File As ...." udk a&G;ay;&w,f/ 'Dvdkvkyf,ljcif;u file udk
download vkyfzdkY browser udk wGef;tm;ay;aeygvdrfhr,f/
yifruGefysLwmwpfcku EdIuf,ltoHk;jyKr,fhtpm; P2P
eJYtwl tcsKdUu file &JU tpdwftykdif;awGudk oD;jcm; down-
load vky, f jl zpfw,f/ wpfcgwav 'Denf;eJY uGeyf sLwmaygif;
axmifaomif;csjD yD; wpfjydKifeufwnf; jyKvkyEf idk w
f ,f/ 'DueG yf sL
wmawGqdkwm rdrdvdk wjcm;olawGu ydkifqkdifxm;Muwmjzpf
w,f/ File wpfcw k nf;uae oufqidk &f m tpdwt f ykid ;f tvdu
k f
rQa0,lwJhyHkpHeJY downloading vkyfMu&w,f/ 'Denf;eJY file
tpdwftykdif;awGu wpfcsdefwnf; download vkyfMu&jyD;
rdrdwdkYuGefysLwmay:rSmjyefjyD; qif,lw,f/ 'gaMumifh oD;jcm;
third-party pufwpfv;kH rvdo k vdk uGe&f ufvnf; rvdak wmhay/

pufwifbm 2008 147

 uGeyf sLwmoifcef;pm
tifwmeufujzwfjyD; P2P y½d*k &rf vnfywfapwJo h al wG
wpfOD;eJYwpfOD; rdrdwdkY&JU hard disks tay:rSm zvS,f,lMu&
w,f/ 'gaMumifh 'Dvkd download vky, f wl yhJ pkH u
H kd file-sharing
vkyfwmvdkYvnf; odxm;Muw,f/ P2P aqmhzf0JtaeeJY yHkpH
trsKd;tpm; trsKd;rsKd; &SdEkdifygw,f/ rwlnDwJh language
awG uGJjym;jcm;em;wJh protocol awGeJY ukd,fpDudk,fi toHk;jyK
Muw,f/ wcsKdUu server-based jzpfaumif;jzpfEkdifw,f/
qdv k w
kd mu vltrsm;&JU uGe&f ufwpfct k wGi;f log 0ifvyk v
jyD; wlnDwJh y½dk*&rfudk toHk;cs&if; rdrdwdkY&JU files awGtm;vHk;
udk access vkyfcGifh&oGm;apwmyJjzpfw,f/ b,foleJYrqdk
b,fae&mrSmrqdk P2P aqmhz0f t J oH;k jyKxm;oltcsi;f csi;f files
awGudk rQa0oHk;pGJEkdifapw,f/
Why P2P?
P2P u game demos wdkY? ½kyf&SifwdkY? wDAGDwdkYeJY aw;*Dw
awGudk download vkyf,lzdkY taumif;qHk;enf;vrf;jzpfw,f/
ckdifckdifrmrmeJY yg0gtm;aumif;wJh enf;ynmwpfckvdkY qdkEkdif
w,f/ oef;csD&Sdaer,fh vlawGu aw;*DwawG? AD'D,dkawG?
aqmhzf0JawG? *drf;awGeJY wjcm;tifwmeufay:u file awGudk
zvS,fzdkY free P2P file-sharing y½dk*&rfudk oHk;Muw,f/
download udk tjrefqHk;enf;eJY cs,lEkdifw,f/
b,fvdkyJjzpfjzpf P2P u illegal file awGudk zvS,fwJh
ae&mrSm ay:jyLvmtjzpfqHk; jzpfvmw,f/ File awG oef;csD
jyD; urÇmt&yf&yfu uGefysLwmawGqDudk jzefYcsday;EkdifvdkYyJjzpf
w,f/ Illegal files awGudk b,fvdkzvS,faew,fqdkwmudk
vrf;nTefay;Ekdifovdk awGY&Sd&ifvnf; &yfxm;zdkY tvGefcufcJ
ygw,f/
Napster u yxrqHk; ay:jyLvmjzpfwJh P2P y½dk*&rfyg
yJ/ wjznf;jznf;eJY vlodtrsm;qHk;jzpfcJhovdk illegal files
awG wpfyHkwpfyif zHk;vTrf;aecJhjyD; aemufqHk; tydwfcHvkduf&
w,f/ 'gayr,fh ,cktcg Napster udk music downloads
awGtwGuf legal-commercial service taeeJY jyefvnf
arG;zGm;cJhjyefygw,f/ emrnfuvnf; Bit Torrent wdkY? kazaa
wdkY? eMule wdkYvdk P2P avmuudk 0ifqHhcJhygw,f/
Popular P2P programs
rwlnw D hJ networks awG tajrmuftjrm;&Sad eovdk P2P
file sharing twGuf aqmhzf0JyHkpHtrsKd;rsKd;udk awGYEkdifw,f/
rQa0cHpm;cGi&hf Ekid w
f hJ files awGuvnf; wpfyw
kH pfyif &Sad eygjyD/
System wpfckESifhwpfck rwlnDbJ toHk;jyKolawGtaeeJY
ykdifqkdifxm;EkdifwJh files awG &Sdaew,fvdkY qdk&rSmjzpfw,f/
148 uGefysLwm*sme,f
BitTorrent (Mac/PC)
avmavmq,f P2P y½dk*&rftMuD;pm;
wpfct k aeeJY&yfwnfaeovdk taumif;
qHk; y½dk*&rfwpfcktaeeJYvnf; rSwf,l
xm;Ekdifygw,f/ Torrent files awGudk
tifwmeufay:rSm&SdwJh web pages
wdkif;vdkvdkrSm awGUaeMu&rSm jzpfw,f/
f u dk f Sites awGay:u links awGudk click vkyf&if; Bit Torrent
usvmapjyD; rdrdtwGuf downloads vkyfief;pOfawGudk
ukdifwG,fajz&Sif; ay;wwfw,f/ Files awG &,lzdkYtxd
aemufqHk;enf;vrf; jzpfapw,f/ Bit Torrent twGuf
tvG,fwul toHk;jyKEkdifapzdkY interfaces awGeJY front-ends
awGukd cGijhf yKxm;wJ?h rwlnw D hJ y½d*k &rftawmfrsm;rsm; &Sad erSm
jzpfw,f/ tao;pdwf arTaESmufod&Sdem;vnfvdk&if www.
bittorrent.com/ukd 0ifa&mufavhvmEkdifygw,f/
Kazaa (PC)
csufcsif;emrnfxdk;xGufvmwJh file-
sharing y½dk*&rfjzpfw,f/ 'gayr,fh
tcktcg wjznf;jznf; emrnfxdk;us
vsuf &Sdaew,f/ taMumif;uawmh
spyware awG tMuD;tus,f yg0if
ywfoufvmvdYkyjJ zpfw,f/ Illegal files
awG fake file awGjynfhaewJh uGef&ufwpfckvdkY ajymaeMu&
w,f/ owd? 0D&d,eJYoHk;EkdifzdkY www. kazza.com/us/ index.
htm udk 0ifa&muf avhvmEkdifw,f/
eDonkey (PC/Mac)
tvGefay:jyLvmjzpfwJh network vdkY
ajymEkdifovdk ay:jyLvmtjzpfqHk; y½dk
*&rf jzpfw,f/ txl;ojzifh Oa&my
wpfcGifrSm toHk;trsm;qHk; jzpfw,f/
eDonkey u enf;ynmusus xnfh
oGif;,l&ovdk yDjyifwJh enf;ynmyHkpHeJY toHk;jyKEkdifapw,f/
'gayr,fh toHk;jyKolawG oef;csD&SdEkdifovdk servers aygif;
aomif;ajcmufaxmif &SdaerSm jzpfw,f/ Illegal files awG
trsm;pkudkvnf; zvS,faeMuwm awGY&ygvdrfhr,f/ tcrJh
&EkdifwJh version awGrSm aMumfjimawG toifhygvmEkdifw,f/
'gayr,fh spyware awmh uif;ygw,f/ tao;pdwfavhvmzdkY
www. edonkey 2000 .com/ udk 0ifa&mufavhvm MunfhEkdif
w,f/

Acquisition (Mac)
Mac uG e f y sLwmawG t wG u f y J
toHk;jyKEkdifr,fh y½dk*&rfjzpfw,f/
toHk;jyK&vG,fwJh interface udk
toHk;csxm;jyD; oefYpifwJh y½dk*&rf
vdkY rSwf,lEkdifygw,f/ Bit Torrent
wdkY? Limewire wdkYvdk ay:jyLvm
jzpfwJh file sharing networks awG awmfawmfrsm;rsm; &Sdae
w,f/ iPod wdYk ? iTune wdYk eYJ wku
d ½f u
kd v
f yk u
f idk cf iG hf &apw,f/
tao;pdwo f v
d &kd if www.acquisition-x.com rS 0ifMunfEh idk f
ygw,f/
Limewire (Mac/PC)
tvGefay:jyLvmjzpfjyD; oefYvnf;
oefY&iS ;f w,f/ toH;k jyK&vnf; vG,u
ygw,f/ Limewire u tvGef xkxnf
MuD;rm;jyD; vlodrsm;wJh Gnutella vdkY
odxm;MuwJh P2P network MuD;wpfck
udkjzwfqufjyD; tuste wnfaqmuf
,lcw hJ hJ y½d*k &rfwpfcjk zpfw,f/ Spyware uif;uif;? aMumfjim
&Si;f &Si;f vnf; toH;k jyKEkid wf ,f/ xku d xf u
dk wf efwef oH;k pGEJ idk zf Ykd
www. limewire.com/english/content/home.html
rSwpfqifh 0ifa&mufMunfh½Ioifhygw,f/
Legality warning !
P2P downloading networks trsm;pku illegal
downloads awG&UJ A[dtk csuftcsmjzpfaew,f/ tifwmeuf
ay:rSm illegal downloads awGu tvGefMuD;rm;wJhjyóem
wpfckjzpfw,f/ aeYpOfeJYtrQ pirated albums awG? files
awGeYJ aqmhz0f yJ ½d*k &rfawG oef;eJYcsjD yD; zvS,af ewwfMuw,f/
wpfcgwav b,f[mtppf b,f[mtwkvdkY cGJjcm;&cufcJ
w,f/ taumif;qHk;enf;vrf;uawmh legal jzpf rjzpf tao
tcsm ppfaq;jyD;rS P2P y½dk*&rfawGudk oHk;oifhw,f/ 'gay
r,fh tifrwef cufcJaeygvdrfhr,f/
Safe downloading
tifwmeufu rdrw d Ykd &UJ vlaerIpepfukd ydjk yD;tqifajyvm
apjyD; tools topfawG&JU tHhMoavmufp&maumif;wJh pDpOf
cif;usif;rIudk zefwD;xm;w,fvdkY tm;vHk;od&Sdem;vnfxm;wJh
wpfcsdefwnf;rSmyJ rESpfjrdKUzG,faumif;wJh wDxGifrIawG awmf
awmfrsm;rsm;udk zefw;D ay;aew,fvYkd rSw, f x l m;Ekid Mf uygvdrhf
r,f/ rESpfjrdKUzG,f wDxGifcsufawGqdkwmuawmh rdrdwdkY&JU
uGeyf sLwmoifcef;pm
uGeyf sLwmawGukd xdcu dk af pEkid o
f vdk rdrw
d Ykd files awGukd yGyJ suf
apzdkY Trojans awG? spyware awG? malware awG? spam
awG? Akdif;&yfpfawGvdk aqmhzf0JawGudk 'DZkdif;vkyfjyD; ydkYvTwfMu
wmyJ jzpfw,f/
Security
urÇmwpfvTm;u information awGudk zvS,fzdkYtwGuf
tifwmeufu tHMh oavmufp&maumif;avmufatmif tvG,f
wul jyKvkyfay;w,f/ 'gayr,fh 'Dvdkus,fajymjyD; yg0g
pGrf;tm;awG &Sdaewmudku hackers awG? &mZ0wfrI usL;vGef
r,fholawGtwGufvnf; tuGufaumif; jzpfaeapygw,f/
wcsKdU malware awGqdk&if wdwfwqdwf rdrd&JUtifwmeuf
tquftoG,af wGukd aMumufp&maumif;vmatmif? pufqyk f
&GHU&Smvmatmif zefwD;aeMuw,f/
f l Hackers trsm;pku i,f&G,folawGjzpfMujyD; usDp,f
aqmhupm;vdkMuwmjzpfw,f/ 'gayr,fh wcsKdUuawmh wrif
wumudk qkdifbm&mZ0wfrIusL;vGefzdkY MudK;pm;MuwmawG
&Sdw,f/ rdrdwdkY&JUuGefysLwmu ta&;MuD; passwords rsKd;
'grSr[kwf credit card tao;pdwf vQKdU0SufcsufrsKd;awGudk
cdk;,lzdkY 0efrav;wwfMubl;/
'DaeY tifwmeufavmurSmawmh tumtuG,frJhwJh
uGefysLwmawGay:rSm olwdkYbmomolwdkY wG,fuyfaeEkdifapzdkY
'DZkdif;jyKvkyfxm;wJh rvdkrkef;xm; tjidK;xm; vkyfMuHapwJh
y½d*k &rfawGu yHpk t H rsKd;rsKd;eJY zH;k vTr;f aew,f/ a,bk,sjzpfpOf
tusqHk;uawmh download files awGxJrSm rjrifomatmif
cdak tmif; vku d yf gvm&if; rdru d eG yf sLwmawGxu J kd a&mufvmMu
wmjzpfw,f/ wu,fvdkY rdrdrSm anti-virus aqmhzf0Jxnfh
rxm;bl;qdk&if aocsmayguf rdrduGefysLwmudk xdcdkufoGm;ap
w,f/
r*Fvmowif;wpfckuawmh 'Dvdk rvdkwrm y½dk*&rfav;
awGukd tvG,w f ul tumtuG,jf yKvkyEf idk Mf uwmyJjzpfw,f/
b,fvykd pkH eH YJ jcdr;f ajcmufvmwmvnf;qdw k mudk tajccHoabm
avmuf odxm;zdYk vo kd vdk rdru d eG yf sLwm xdcudk rf cH&avatmif
b,fvdkpDrHxm;rvJqdkwm &SdzdkYvdkygw,f/
Viruses ,Trojans and Worms
'Dvdky½dk*&rfawGuawmh a,bk,stusqHk; malware
trsKd;tpm;jzpfw,f/ Download file awG? tD;ar;vfawG?
pD'aD wGuwpfqifh ¤if;wdYku,
kd w f idk f rdwLå yGm;jyD; uGeyf sLwmawGeYJ
networks awGtay:rSm pdr0 hf ifx;kd azmufEidk zf Ykd 'DZidk ;f jyKvkyx
f m;
wmawGjzpfw,f/ wcsKdU viruses awGuawmh wjcm; 'kur© ay;
pufwifbm 2008 149
 uGeyf sLwmoifcef;pm
bJ yGm;jyD; ysHUESHY½HkavmufyJ&Sdapw,f/ wcsKdUuawmh tD;ar;vf
wdkY? documents wdkYvdk data awGudk rvdkwrm azsmufzsufypf
w,f/ tqdk;0g;qHk; jyóemuawmh rdrd hard disk wpfckvHk;
data awG r&Sad wmhatmif vkyy f pfwmrsKd;eJY uGeyf sLwmudk crash
jzpfatmif vkyfwmrsKd; jzpfw,f/
Spyware
Spyware awGu Web uae download vkyf,l&wJh
tcrJhy½dk*&rfawGxJrSm ykef;atmif;jyD; ygvmwwfw,f/ xnfh
oGif;rdvkdufwmeJY spyware u websites awGay:u rdrd
browse vkyforQ information awGeJY rdrdtoHk;jyKwJh search
engines twGif;u pmvHk;awGtm;vHk;udk vQKdU0SufwJhenf;eJY
aMumfjimay;vkdufovdk jzpfoGm;apw,f/ jyD;&if rdrdqDudk
aMumfjimawG woDMuD; ydkYaewwfw,f/ aemufqHk; rdrd&JU
passwords awGudk &,lzdkY MudK;pm;wJhtxd jzpfEkdifw,f/
Protecting your computer
'DaeYacwftcgrSm rdrduGefysLwmrSm tumtuG,fyHkpHjyK
wpfcck ak wmh rkcs&adS e&rSmjzpfw,f/ txl;ojzifdh ownloading
vkyfolwdkif;rSm&SdaejyD;jzpfoifhw,f/ taumif;qHk;enf;vrf;
wpfckuawmh tumtuG,fjyKrIudk tqifhvkduf? tvTmvdkuf
taotcsm &Sdae&ygvdrfhr,f/
Anti-virus programs
od rSwf p &m
rdrdqDudk attachments wpfck tD;ar;vfeJYtwl ygvmap
ovdk Viruses awGu files awGxrJ mS cdyk ek ;f &if;ygvmwmjzpf
w,f/ vkyf&r,fhpnf;rsOf;wpfcktaeeJY rdrdtD;ar;vfeJYtwl
ygvmwJh attachment wkdif;udk &mEIef;jynfh raocsm&if
rzGifhwm taumif;qHk;jzpfygvdrfhr,f/ acwfay: viruses
awmfawmfrsm;rsm;u tD;ar;vfxJudk ½kyfzsufjyD; cdkatmif;
vmwwfw,f/ error message vdkvdk? bPfu taMumif;
Mum;pmvdv k ?kd IT support vdv
k kd zefqif;aexkid w f wfw,f/
taumif;qHk; enf;vrf;wpfckuawmh tD;ar;vfudk rzGifhrD
anti-virus y½dk*&rfwpfck tD;ar;vfeJY attachments awGudk
scan vkyfMunfhzdkYyJjzpfw,f/
150 uGefysLwm*sme,f
rSwf &m
od p
malware wpfckaMumifh uGefysLwmudk xdckdufEkdifwJh vu©Pm
awGu-
 vnfywfrI pwifaES;auG;vmjcif;
 rarQmfvifhbJ acwåydwfoGm;wwfjcif;?crash jzpfvmwwf
jcif;
 memory errors wufvmwwfjcif;
 oHk;avhoHk;xr&SdwJh files awG? folder awG ay:vmwwf
jcif;
 xl;qef;wJh message rsKd; 'grSr[kwf aMumfjimrsKd; ay:vm
wwfjcif;wdkYjzpfw,f/
'Dvt kd ajccHtjzpf vdt
k yfwhJ y½d*k &rfawGu rdru d eG yf sLwm
qDu tD;ar;vfujzpfjzpf? pD'u D jzpfjzpf? tifwmeufujzpfjzpf
vmorQ files awGudk scan vkyfay;aerSmjzpfw,f/ Virus
wpfcjk zpfjzpf? wjcm; malware wpfcjk zpfjzpf &SmawGYvu dk w f meJY
csufcsif;EdI;aqmfjyD; z,fxkwfay;ygvdrfhr,f/ tcsdeftykdif;
tjcm;tvku d f tcgtm;avsmpf mG scan vkyzf Ykdvnf; pDpOfxm;Ekid f
w,f/ aumif;wJh tavhtusifhwpfcktaeeJY wpfywfwpfcg
scan vkyfEkdifzdkYyJjzpfw,f/ axmufcHwifjyvdkwJh antivirus
y½dk*&rfawGuawmh -
Norton Antivirus-www.symantec. com/ index.htm
McAfee Antivirus -www.mcafee.com/
Firewall
Firewall qdw
k m rdru
d eG yf sLwmtwGi;f udk cGijhf yKcsurf &bJ
0ifa&mufvmrIawGukd wm;qD;ydwyf ifay;r,fh y½d*k &rfwpfcjk zpf
w,f/ vrf;jyykvdyftaeeJYvnf; ½IjrifEkdifw,f/ tifwmeuf
udk taMumif;jyKjyD; rdr&d UJ uGeyf sLwmay:u b,fy½d*k &rfurkd qdk
cGifhr&bJ r0ifEkdifzdkYvnf; wm;qD;Ekdifw,f/ wcsKdU anti-virus
y½dk*&rfawGrSm firewall support awGvnf; ygvmwwfyg
w,f/
F-Secure Internet Security -www.f-secure.com/
Kapersky Internet Security -www.kaspersky.com/
Little Snitch- www.obdev.at/products/littlesnitch/
Index.html (Mac) wdkYudk a&G;cs,fzdkY axmufcHvdkygw,f/

tao;pdwf avhvmvdkygovm;/
- b,fvdk files awGudk download vkyf&r,fqdkwm vmrnfh
tcef;rSm awGY&r,f/
- FTP client u multiple files awGudk download vkyfwJh
ae&mrSm trsm;MuD; tultnDay;Ekdifw,f/
- rdrd browser rSm http://ay:xGufvmapr,fhtpm; ftp://
vdkYjyqdkay;jyD; FTP sites awGudk oHk;oifhw,f/
- yDpaD wGtwGuf FTP clients (www.cuteftp.com/) (www.
smartftp.com/)
- Mac twGuf FTP clients (www.panic.com/transmit)
(www.fetchsoftworks.com/)
- aemuf q H k ; ay:0if ; 'd k ; malware awG t wG u f www.
microsoft. com udk 0ifa&muf avhvmoifhw,f/
uGeyf sLwmoifcef;pm
Anti-spyware
Anti-virus y½dk*&rfawGvdkyJ anti-spyware u b,fvdk
spyware udkrqdk scan vkyfay;wmwdkY? delete vkyfay;wmwdkY
pDpOfxm;&SdEkdifw,f/ 'Dvdky½dk*&rfawGtwGuf tifwmeufrSm
aeYpOfeJYtrQ update vkyfxm;wmawGudk &,lxm;oifhw,f/
Microsoft Window Defender - www.microsoft.com/
athome/security/spyware/software/default.mspx
Lavasoft Ad-Aware SE- www.lavasoft.de/software/
adaware/
Spybot Search &Destroy- www.safer-networking.org/
qufvufazmfjyay;ygO;D r,f/
0if;pH

ajymif;vJvmOD;rnfh USB enf;ynm

USB odkYr[kwf USB 2.0 udk oHk;aeMuwm q,fpkESpf
wpfckyif r&dSao;yg/ 1995 ckESpf Edk0ifbmvwGif USB 1.0
pwif ay:aygufcahJ omfvnf; toH;k jyKrI enf;cJyh gonf/ 1998
ckEpS f pufwifbmvwGif USB 1.1 tjzpf version wd;k vmcJjh yD;
2000 jynfhESpf {jyDvwGif USB 2.0 jzpfvmcJhonf/ t&G,f
tpm; ao;i,fjyD; vQyfppfpGrf;tifvnf; rsm;rsm; rvdkaom
aMumifh USB rsm; t&dSeft[kefjyif;pGm acwfpm;vmcJhonf/
vuf&dStcsdefrsm;wGif uGefysLwmESifh rD'D,mypönf;tm;vHk;
vdkvdkü USB port ESifh USB enf;ynmoHk;ypönf;rsm; yg&dSae
onfudk owdjyKrdygvdrfhrnf/ ,ck USB 3.0 enf;ynmudk
o½kyfjyocJhonfh owif;u uGefysLwmESifh rD'D,me,fy,fudk
vIyf&Sm;apcJhjyefonf/ aps;uGufodkY ra&mufao;onfhwdkif
ypönf;rsm;vnf; ajymif;vJxkwfvkyfvmMuygvdrfhrnf/ 2009
USB 3.0 udk oHk;zdkY jyifqifaeMujyD jzpfonf/ aps;uGufwGif
ckEpS f odYk r[kwf 2010 ckEpS w
f iG f jrefjrefqefqef jzpfvmrnf[k
SuperSpeed [k trnf&aeonf/ USB 3.0 \ tao;pdwf
cefYrSef;Muonf/ wpfenf;tm;jzifh USB 3.0 oHk; [mh'f'pf?
tcsuftvufrsm;udk 2008 ck ESp0f ufwiG f azmfxw k Ef ikd rf nf[k
uifr&m? flash reader ponf jzpfonf/ tcsKdUukrÜPDrsm;u
qdkonf/ USB 3.0 udk Intel Corp, Microsoft Corp, NEC
,cktcsdefrsm;uyif MudKwifxkwfvkyfaeMujyD[kvnf; Mum;&
Corp ESifh ukrÜPDtcsKdUwdkYu yl;aygif;vkyfaqmifMujcif; jzpf
onf/
onf/
wu,fwrf;wGif USB 3.0 udk IEEE u 2007 ckESpf
rnfoYdkyifjzpfap USD 3.0 onf USB 2.0 xuf vQypf pf
ESpf vnfydkif;rsm;uyif twnfjyK owfrSwfcJhjyD; jzpfonf/
pD;qif;EdkifrI (band width) 10 q us,fonfqdkonfh tcsuf
odkY&mwGif ukrÜPDtawmfrsm;rsm;u ajymif;vJoHk;zdkY vufwGefY
uyif pdwf0ifpm;zG,f jzpfonf/ ¤if;onf 4.8Gbps udk
aeMu[efjzpfonf/ tb,faMumifhqdkaomf high speed
qdv k o kd nf/ USB 2.0 u 480 Mbit/sec jzpfonf/ USB 3.0
twGuf FireWire udk oHk;Edkifí jzpfonf/ FireWire S3200
ESifh [mh'f'pf 27Gb udk puúefY 70 ESifh ul;Edkifrnf/ USB 2.0
u emrnfMuD;aeonfh tcsdefvnf; jzpfonf/ USB 3.0 u
u 15 rdepfcefY Mumaeonf/ odYkqv kd Qif USB oH;k [mh''f pfrsm;
FireWire \ ae&mudk tpm;xdk;Edkifygrnfvm;[lí oHo,
ydkjyD; wGifus,fvmEdkifonf/ USB 3.0 ESifhtwl oufqdkif&m
jzpfyHk&onf/

pufwifbm 2008 151

uGeyf sLwmoifcef;pm

Creating a Static Track MatteTutorial

,ckoifcef;pmwGif Adobe Premiere pro 2 udk toHk;jyKí
Track Matte key ESifh pro 1.5 wGif ryg0ifaom Color
Correction effect rS Luma Corrector Effect toHk;jyKyHkudk
avhvm&rSm jzpfygw,f/
1/ Aodbe Premiere pro 2.0 xJodkY 0ifí project topf
wpfck ,lay;yg/ File > New > Title (F9) ukd a&G;yg/
New title dialog box usvmygvdrfhrnf/ "Text"
pmom;½dkufxnhfjyD; OK wGif click ESdyfyg/
3/ Project panel xJrS Text file ay:wGif Right click >
Duplicate udk a&G;yg/ Text copy emrnfjzifh File wpfck
&vmygrnf/ Text Copy ay:wGif ESpfcsufESdyfí Title
Window xJoYkd oGm;ay;yg/ Selection tool jzifhf pmom;
udk select vkyfí properties box xJrS Fill ae&mwGif
trSefjcpfudk jzKwfay;yg/ Strokes wGif click ESdyfí
outter strokes xnhf&ef Add pmom;wGif click ESdyfyg/
Size = 50 ESifh ta&mifwpfck a&G;yg/ Title Window
udk jyefydwfay;yg/

2/ Took panel xJrS Type Tool udk a&G;í "Track Matte"

pmom;udk yHkygtwkdif; ½dkufxnhfay;yg/ pmom;ta&mif
udk ESpo
f uf&mwpfck a&G;ay;Ekid yf gw,f/ aemufct
H rnf;
a&mifukd rjrifcsiyf gu Show Video ae&mwGif trSejf cpf
jzKwfxm;ay;yg/ Close button ESdyfí Title Window
udk jyefydwfay;yg/

152 uGefysLwm*sme,f

4/ File > Import jzifh toHk;jyKvdkaom avi file ESpfckudk
project panel xJokdY ac:xnhfay;yg/ Project panel
xJrS Text title file udk video 3 track ESifh avi video
file wpfckudk video 2 track xJokdY qGJxnhfay;yg/
5/ Effects panel tab udk a&G;yg/ Video Effects folder
xJrS Keying > Track Matte key udk a&G;í video 2
track &Sd video file ay:odkY qGJxnhfay;yg/
Luma Track Mattes with Color Correction
6/ Video 2 track xJrS file udk select vkyfxm;csdefwGif
Window> Effect Controls udk a&G;yg/ Track Matte
key rS Matte ae&mwGif video 3 udk a&G;yg/ Monitor
window ae&m pmom;xJü video file a&muf&SdoGm;
ygvdrhfrnf/
10/ Project panel rS avi file udk video 1 track ESifh video
uGeyf sLwmoifcef;pm
7/ Timeline xJrS video 3 track pmom;ay:wGif Right
Click > Add Tracks ud k a&G ; í video track
topfwpfck ,lay;yg/ Project panel rS Text Copy
title file udk video 4 track xJokdY qGJxnhfay;yg/
pmom;ywfywfvnfwGif strok vdkif;udk jrifawGU&yg
rnf/ aemufxyf avi file wpfcuk kd video 1 track xJoYkd
qGJxnhfay;yg/
8/ Effect panle xJrS Drop Shadow effect udk a&G;í
Vide 3 track &Sd Text title ay:odkY qGJxnhfay;yg/
Shadow = white, Opacity = 75 %, Direction =
115º, Distance = 8.6 , Softness = 30.0, Shadow =
off, play button ESdyfí preview Munhfay;yg/
9/ File > New > project udk a&G;í project topfwpfck
,lay;yg/ File > import jzifh toHk;jyKvdkaom avi file
wpfckudk ac:xnhfay;yg/ (rSwfcsuf - Pro 2.0 wGif
Frame Size rSm 720 x 480 (DVD Quality) jzpfaom
aMumifh toHk;jyKvdkaom avi file &JU Resolution rSm
720 x 480 t&G,ftpm;jzpf&ef vdktyfygonf/
2 track xJodkY qGJxnhfay;yg/
pufwifbm? 2008 153
uGeyf sLwmoifcef;pm
11/ File > New > Title (F9) udk a&G;yg/ Title name udk
'rec' vdkY ay;í OK wGif click ESdyfyg/ Title Window
usvmygvdrhfrnf/ Tools panel xJrS Rectangle tool
udk a&G;í screen tjynhf qJGay;yg/

14/ Video 2 track rS video file rSm tenf;i,f arSmifomG ;

ygvdrhfrnf/ Project panel rS rectitle file udk video 3
track xJodkY qGJxnhfay;yg/

12/ Title Properties panel wGif Fill ae&mrS Fill Type udk
''Radial Gradient" a&G;ay;yg/ b,fbuf color trSwf
wGif click wpfcsuf ESdyfyg/ Color Stop Opacity udk 0
xm;ay;yg/ 'kw, d color trSwu f kd yxr color trSwf
em;odkY qGJa&TUay;yg/ Close button ESdyfí Title Win-
dow xJrS jyefxGufay;yg/

15/ Effect panel xJrS Video Effects > Keying > Track
Matte Key udk Video 2 track &Sd file ay:okYd qGx
J nhaf y;
yg/ Effect Control panel wGif Matte : Video 3,
Composite Using: Matte Luma udk a&G;yg/ Play
button udk ESdyfí Preview Munhfay;yg/ Video 5 rS
title file ae&mwGif ydkvif;aeygvdrhfrnf/ File>Save
jzifh odrf;ay;yg/

13/ Window > Effects udk a&G;yg/ Video Effects > Color
Correction > Luma Corrector Effect udk video 2
track xJ&dS avi file ay:odYk qGx
J nhaf y;yg/ Effect Con-
trols panel wGif atmufyg wefzdk;rsm;udk jyifay;yg/

(Tonas Range = Master , Brightness = 0, Contrast

= 0, Contrast Level = 0 , Gamma = .8, Pedestal : -
.08)

rsK;d rif;xGe;f

154 uGefysLwm*sme,f

RAM b,fol ,loHk;aevJ
Q uGefysLwm 0,f
wkef;u abmufcsmrSm a&;
xm;wmu 512MB of RAM
jzpfygw,f/ tck System
Properties uae General
tab udk Munfhawmh 448 MB
of RAM jzpfaeygw,f/ 64
MB uG m aeygw,f / tJ ' g
bmjzpfvdkYqdkwm odyg&ap/
Windows Media Pla-
yer uae VCD Munhfwm
t&if M unh f w k e f ; u VCD
oDcsif;atmufrSm&dSwJh pre-
vious, next, stop, pause
cvk w f t0d k i f ; av;awG u d k
armuf p f e J Y uvpf v k y f j yD ;
MunhfvdkY&ygw,f/ tck tJ'g
awGudk armufpfeJY uvpfvkyf
wm bm response rS rjyyg/
t&ifvdk jyefoHk;EdkifzdkY nTefjy
ay;apcsifygw,f/
0wf&nfjzKd ; (&efuek )f
A rMumcP ajzzl;
ygw,f/ VGA onf mo-
therboard &JU built-in jzpfae
vdkY RAM 512 xJu 64MB
udk video RAM tjzpf ,l
oHk;vdkufxm;wmyg/ tqifh
jrifh uGefysLwmrsm;rSm 128M
txd ,loHk;ygw,f/ tJ'D
avmuf roH;k apcsi&f if BIOS
rSm 0ifjyD; avQmhcsEdkifygw,f/
BIOS &JU Integrated Peri-
pherals menu udk 0ifjyD;
AGP aperture size rS m
ajymif;Edkifygw,f/ BIOS
trsKd ; tpm;ay: rl w nf j yD ;
pmom;awG wlcsifrS wlygvdrhf
r,f/ bmyJjzpfjzpf video
twGuf 32MB xuf ydkjyD;
&dSoifhygw,f/ taumif;qHk;
uGeyf sLwmtar;tajz
uGeyf sLwmtar;tajz
enf;vrf;onf VGA uwf Edik rf ,f r[kwyf g/ trSm; &d&S if
wyfjyD; oD;jcm;oHk;zdkY jzpfyg error code awGeJY jywwfyg
w,f/ w,f/ Oyrm 80070037:
Windows Media Cannot find the file, C00-
Player rSm cvkwaf wG tvkyf D0BC2: Cannot play the
rvkyfwmeJY ywfoufvdkY jzpf file ponf jyygr,f/
vnf; jzpfcv
J Ykd twdtus ajz ,ck jzpfwwfwmrsm;wGif
VCD oD c sif ; u tyk ' f a &
rsm;ayr,fh zdik w
f pfcw
k nf;jzpf
ae&if next udk EdSyfvdkY&r,f
r[kwyf g/ Media Player rSm
rnfonfh version udk oHk;
w,f rodyg/ Uninstall eJY
jyefjzKwfjyD; wjcm; version
wpfckckudk jyefwifMunhfyg/
Media Player 11 Beta rSm
cvkwfawG oHk;& tqifrajy
bl;vdkY Mum;&ygw,f/
pufwifbm? 2008 155
uGeyf sLwmtar;tajz
Word rSm armufpfumqm wpfcgwpfcg
aysmufoGm;ygw,f
Q uRefawmf Mi-
crosoft Word eJY pm½du
k &f mrSm
insertion point ac:rvm;?
tJ'Darmufpfumqmu rMum
cP aysmufaewwfygw,f/
umqm b,frSmrSef; rodvdkY
pmawG zsuf r d y gw,f /
b,fvdkaMumifh jzpf&onfudk
a&;jyay;yg/ uRef a wmf
cordless mouse udk oHk;yg
w,f/
odcsifwmawGudk wwfEdkifoavmuf ajzwmyg
Q (1) IT orm;
wpfa,muftwGuf system
management qdw k m bmawG
udk qdkvdkygovJ/ bmawG
vkyfaqmif&ygovJ/
(2) Push technology,
spatial data technology
qdkwmbmvJ/
(3) Online application ESifh
batch application qdkwm
bmawGvJ/
(4) TCP/IP ESifh SLIP/PPP
\ qufoG,frIESifh SLIP/
PPP \ vkyfaqmifyHkudk od
csifygw,f/
(5) tifwmeufudk csdwfzdkY&m
method 3 rsKd; &dw
S ,fvYkd od&
ygw,f/ ¤if;wdkYudk tao;
pdwf odcsifygw,f/
(6) Gtalk rSm status u
156 uGefysLwm*sme,f
A jzpf c J w J h
taMumif ; t&m wpf c k y g/
Memory enf ; vd k Y xif y g
w,f/ tjcm; y½dk*&rfrsm;udk
vnf; wpfcsdefwnf;oHk;&if
jzpfwwfygw,f/ aemufwpf
csufu MudK;rJharmufpf oHk;
xm;&if wpfcg wpfcg umqm
aysmuf a eygr,f / ud k , f h
ab;em;rSm vQyfppfukdoHk;wJh qdyk gawmh/ armufprf mS "mwfcJ onf rechargeable xuf
ypönf;rsm; &dSae&if taESmifh oHk;w,f qdk&if vJMunhfyg/ ydkjyD; toHk;cHw,fvdkY qdkyg
t,Suf 0ifwJh oabmrsKd; t,f u mvd k i f ; "mwf c J r sm; w,f/
A 1/ IT system of systems development,
management pum;vH k ; configuration manage-
pmom;awGukd auto &Si;f ay;yg onf us,fjyefYygw,f/ ¤if; ment ponfwdkY yg0ifaeí
ovm;/ wG i f software manage- b,fvkd management rsKd;rSm
(7) Gmail rSm hack vkyfcH ment, computer systems pdwf0ifpm;onfudk t&ifqHk;
&jcif;rS umuG,fzdkYtwGuf management, network ma- jzwf&ygr,f/ System ma-
b,fvkd vkyx f m;oifyh govJ/ nagement, management nagement onf ]]uGefysLwm
(8) wcsKdU Cyber cafe rsm;
wGif Edik if wH umuu zke;f awG
qDudk tifwmeufrS zkef;ac:
qdkEdkifrI service ay;w,fvdkY
Mum;rdygw,f/ tJ'g b,fvdk
aqmhz0f u J kd toH;k jyK ac:qdMk u
ygovJ/ ac:qdrk t I wGuf bill
wufygovm;/ ud, k b
hf mom
ac:qdk toHk;jyKcsifygw,f/
toHk;jyKyHkudkvnf; odcsifyg
w,f/
(9) Wi-max taMumif ;
udkvnf; odcsifygw,f/
H.M.M.Lynn

eJYywfoufwJh vkyfief;pOfrsm;
udk pDruH yG u
f jJ cif;eJY vufawGU
toHk;csEdkifatmif pDpOfjcif;
ponf yg0ifwhJ Information
Technology (IT) &JU taxG
axG e,fy,f}} wpf&yfvYkd rSwf
,lEdkifygw,f/
tJ'DrSm uGef&uf vkyfief;
pOfvnf; ygygw,f/
2/ Push technology udk
server push odYk r[kwf web-
casting vdkYvnf; oHk;EIef;Mu
ygw,f/ ¤if;onf tifwm
eufudk tajccHwJh qufoG,f
a&; enf;vrf;wpfck jzpfyg
w,f/ tifwmeufwyfxm;
wJh uGefysLwm? rdkbdkif;vfzkef;
uJhodkY vufcHolu awmif;qdk
onf jzpfap? rawmif;qdk
onfjzpfap owif;tcsuf
tvufrsm;udk oufqdkif&m
server rsm;uwpfqifh desk-
top rsufESmjyifodkY ydkYaqmif
ay;aewJh enf;ynmyg/ Oyrm
tifwmeuf wyfxm;wJh uGef
ysLwm? yD'Dat? rdkbdkif;vfzkef;
ponfwdkYrSm aeYpOf owif;
awG ? rd k ; av0owif ; awG ?
aMumfjimawG 0ifaewmrsKd;
uGeyf sLwmtar;tajz
qdyk gawmh/ ¤if;udk Pull tech-
nology &JU qefYusifbufvdkY
vnf; ajymMuygw,f/ Pull
technology onf uGefysL
wm oH k ; ol u vd k c sif w J h
owif;tcsuftvufrsm;udk
Search od k Y r [k w f 0uf b f
qdkufodkY 0ifjyD; udk,fwdkif
&SmjyD; &,l&wmyg/
Spatial data techno-
logy onf urÇmay:&dS opf
awmawG? awmawmif a&ajr
obm0? yifv,fork'´&mwdkY
&JU taetxm;? toGiftjyif
eJY ywfoufwhJ tcsut f vuf
rsm;udk azmfxkwf odrf;ay;wJh
enf;ynmvdYk qdyk gw,f/ ¤if;
tcsurf sm;udk ajryHt
k jzpfxw
k f
,lEdkifjyD; GIS (Geographic
Information Systems)
pepfudk toHk;jyKum wdkif;wm
wGucf surf rI sm; jyKvyk Ef ikd w
f ,f
vdkY qdkygw,f/
3/ Online application [l
aom pum;vH;k rSm Job appli-
cation ud k qd k v d k w mvm;/
t"dyÜm,fzGifhqdkcsufwpf&yf twGuf toHk;csEdkifzdkY&m a&; oG,fa&; Protocol rsm; jzpf
t& ]]0ufbfuae tcsdefjynfh qG J x m;aom uG e f y sLwm ygw,f/ Protocol udk vkyf
&aeonfh vkyfief;wpf&yf&yf tajccH nTefMum;csufrsm; odkY xHk;vkyfenf;wpfckvdkY tvG,f
r[kwf wpfpw
d w
f pfa'o}} vdYk rSwfay;yg/ ydkjyD; &Snf&SnfrSwf
qdkygw,f/ csif&if uGef&ufeJY qufoG,f
Batch application xm;wJh ypönf;ESpfckwdkY tqif
onf Enterprise Java- ajyajy qufo, G Ef ikd &f ef owf
Beans (EJB) tajccH Java rSwfcsdefnd§ay;wJh enf;vrf;
2 Platform Enterprise qdkygawmh/
Edition (J2EE) applica- SLIP (Serial Line In-
tions rsm;udk qdkvdkygw,f/ ternet Protocol) onf uGef
4/ TCP/IP (Transmission ysLwmeJY rdk'rfwdkYudk tifwm
Control Protocol/InterneteufeJY wdkuf½dkufcsdwfqufwJh
Protocol) onf tifwmeuf enf ; yg/ PPP (Point to
eJY uGef&ufrsm;twGuf quf Point Protocol) onf
pufwifbm? 2008 157
uGeyf sLwmtar;tajz
txufyg enf;vrf;rsKd;jzpfjyD;
PPP onf SLIP xuf ydkí
jrefygw,f/
tqdkyg Protocol wd k Y
onf direct connection
enf ; jzif h tif w meuf u d k
phone line rSwpfqifh csdwf
quf&mrSm tvkyfvkyfaom
protocol rsm;vdkYvnf; rSwf
om;Ed k i f y gw,f / od k Y j zpf í
TCP/IP, SLIP, PPP wdYk onf
protocol rsm; jzpf M ujyD ;
tvkyfvkyfaqmifyHkESifh vkyf
aqmifonfh ae&m rwlMuyg/
5/ tifwmeufudk csdwfzdkY&m
method trsKd;rsKd; &dSygw,f/
Dial-up connection, AD-
SL, IPStar wdYk onf tifwm
euf csdwfqufenf;rsm; jzpf
Muygw,f / ¤if ; wd k Y t euf
dial-up eJY ADSL onf zkef;
vdkif;udk toHk;jyK csdwfquf&
jyD; IP-Star onf satellite-
based jzpfygw,f/
tifwmeuf csdwfqufzdkY&m
- uGefysLwm
- w,fvDzkef;vdkif;
- network uwf
158 uGefysLwm*sme,f
- internal odkYr[kwf exter-
nal modem
- internet access card
odYkr[kwf tifwmeuf csw d f
qufcGifhwdkY vdktyfygr,f/
vuf&dStm;jzifh ADSL
onf tqiftajyqH;k eJY toH;k
trsm;qH;k jzpfygw,f/ADSL
onf w,fvDzkef;eJY tifwm
eufudk wpfjydKifwnf; oHk;vdkY
&jyD; dial-up u tifwmeufudk uvpfvyk jf cif;jzifh &Si;f Edik f olwdkY&JU udk,fydkif account eJY
oHk;aepOf zkef;ajymvdkY r&yg/
w,fvdkY od&ygw,f/ tcsKdU zkef;ajymEdkifatmif charge
Dial-up twG u f class onf Gtalk u xGufum ,ljyD; service ay;aewmyg/
tvdkuf vpOf FEC 10 rS eD;rSm ta&;rMuD;wJh pmom; udk,fydkif account vkyfxm;
FEC 100 txd usoifE h ikd jf yD;
awG 5 ck jynfhatmif ½dkufwif r,fqdk&if rdepftvdkuf bill
15 em&DrS em&D 250 txd cJhw,fvdkY qdkygw,f/ oGif;&rSmjzpfygw,f/ tao;
oH;k Edik yf gr,f/ ADSL twGuf
7/ Gmail rSm hack vkyfcH pdwu f kd www.pfingo.com rSm
vnf; tqifh (Class) tvdu k f
&jcif;rS umuG,fzdkY&m zwf½IEdkifygw,f/ tcsKdUu
vpOf FEC 30 rS FEC 200 - Cyber cafe rsm;wGif tif Skype udk oHk;Muw,fvdkY
txd usoif h j yD ; 24 em&D
wmeuf oHk;jyD;vQif browser od&ygw,f/
tjynfh oHk;Edkifw,fvdkY od&
&JU cookies rsm;udk jyefjzKwf 9/ Wi-max onf 'World-
ygw,f/ 0ufbfqdkuf http:/yg/ Cookies rsm;wGif gmail wide Inter-operability for
/www.myanmars.net/ rSm check vkyc f yhJ gu password Microwave Access' udk qdk
pHkprf; zwf½IEdkifygw,f/yg0ifaeí jzpfygw,f/ vdkygw,f/ ¤if;onf tcsuf
6/ Gtalk rS m status u - Gmail password awG[m tvufrsm;udk rdkbdkif;vfzkef;
pmom;awGudk auto &Sif;ray;
tjzpfEdkifqHk; ½IyfaxG;atmif rsm;od k Y Mud K ;rJ h e nf ; eJ Y yd k Y
ygvdkY od&ygw,f/ 'gayr,fh
vk y f x m;yg/ tu© & mawG ? aqmifay;wJh qufoG,fa&;
'Clear custom messages' ud e f ; *Pef ; awG ? special enf;ynmwpfckyg/ IEEE
character awG a&mxnfhoifh 802.16 standard udk tajccH
ygw,f/ tJ'grS hacker rsm; wnf a qmuf x m;ygw,f /
vG,fulpGm rvkyfEdkifrSm jzpf WirelessMAN vd k Y vnf ;
ygw,f / Password ud k ac:Muygw,f/ 2001 ckESpf
wpfvwpfcg ajymif;oHk;oifh u pwif wnfaxmifcJhwJh
ygw,f/ ukd,fydkif uGefysLwm WiMAX Forum u jyKvkyf
qd k & if Anti-Hack 3.0.1 wmyg/ vuf & d S t m;jzif h
(http://www.carbgosoft. ygupöwefEdkifiHrSm trsm;qHk;
com/) aqmhzf0JrsKd;ukd oHk; oHk;aew,fvdkY od&ygw,f/
Munfhyg/
8/ rsm;aomtm;jzifh Pfingo
qdkwJh aqmhzf0Judk oHk;Muyg
w,f/ Cyber cafe rsm;u
 uGeyf sLwmtar;tajz
twlwlygyJ? 'gayr,fh

Q uRefawmf tifwm .PPS eJY .PPT wdYkonf twlwl

eufuae vSywJh ½Icif;awGukd yif jzpfygw,f/ uGmjcm;csuf
jyxm;wJh PowerPoint zdkif u .PPS onf PowerPoint
awGudk pkaqmif;&rdygw,f/ Show jzpfjyD; PowerPoint
rvdb
xl;jcm;wmu tcsKUd zdik af wGrmS k J wdu k ½f u kd f zGiMhf unhEf ikd f
(extension) .PPS eJY jyjyD; ygw,f/ Show oufouf
icon u tjyma&mifyg/ tcsKdU jyzdYk qdyk gawmh/ uGeyf sLwmrSm
u .PPT eJY jyjyD; icon u PowerPoint yHkpHeJY r[kwfbJ
teD a &mif jzpf a eygw,f / slideshow vdk jyygw,f/
.PPS eJY jywmu ydkrsm;yg .PPT u PowerPoint eJ Y
w,f/ b,fvdk uGmjcm;yg wduk ½f ukd yf iG yhf gw,f/ Power- awG? tjzpftysufawG? tEk 'gayr,f h jyif c sif & if a wmh
ovJ/ Point rSm Save As vkyf&if ynm zefw;D rIrsm;udk Power- PowerPoint udk t&if zGifh
ESpfrsKd;pvHk;eJY vkyfvdkY &yg Point zdkifrsm;eJY jyay;&mrSm jyD;rS ¤if; .PPS zdkifudk zGifh&yg
A (extension) w,f/ tifwmeufrSm ½Icif; .PPS udk toHk;rsm;ygw,f/ w,f/

b,fvdk format rsKd; jzpfygap
Q uRefawmfh oli,f
csif;wpfa,mufu yHkrsm;udk
ay;vdkufwm zGifhr&yg/ olYqD
rSmwkef;u zGifhMunhfjyD;ygjyD/
uRef a wmf h uG e f y sLwmeJ Y
bmjzpfvdkY zGifhr&wmygvJ/ yHk
awGu tjyma&mif cvkwfvdk
icon jzpfjyD; extension u
.PSP jzpfygw,f/
wpf c k c k u d k tif w meuf r S
download csvdkufyg/ Xn
View (email: webmaster
@xnview.com), Irfan-View
(http://irfanview.tuwien.
ac/), IvanView (www.ivan-
view.com) ponf jzpfyg
w,f / ¤if ; aqmh z f 0 J t csKd U
onf yHk format trsKd;tpm;
60 avmufudk zGifhEdkifMujyD;
tcsKdUonf yHkrsm;udk format
ajymif;jcif;? jyKjyifjcif;ponf
jyKvkyfEdkifMuygw,f/ PSP
video files rsm;vnf;&dSvdkY
Abdio Free PSP Player eJY
zGifhEdkifygw,f/
uGefysLwme,fy,frSm yHk
format odYk r[kwf extension
rsm;pGm &dSaevdkY yHk (zdkif) awGU
wdkif; zGifhvdkY&r,f r[kwfyg/
Viewer aqmhzf0Jwpfckckudk
aqmifxm;oifhygw,f/

A (Extension)
.PSP onf Paint Shop Pro
image rsm;udk qdkvdkygw,f/
armif&ihf uGefysLwmrSm Paint
Shop Pro aqmhz0 f J r&dv
S Ykd zGihf
r&wmyg/ 'gayr,fh Paint
Shop Pro udk yifyef;cH &Sm
raeygeJY/ Format rsK;d pHuk kd zGihf
vdkY? MunhfvdkY&wJh aqmhzf0J

pufwifbm? 2008 159

uGeyf sLwmtar;tajz

tcrJhqdkwdkif; tcrrJhawmhyg

Q (1) uRefawmfh uGef jrefrmpmjzifh qufoG,f ajym

ysLwm graphic card &dS fan qdkEdkifygovm;/ rnfodkY vkyf
onf uGefysLwm pzGifhvQif &rnfudk odvkdygw,f/
qlnHoHrsm; xGufaeygw,f/ (4) Control Panel rSwpfqifh
Mum&ifawmh aysmufoGm;yg font install
w,f/ vkyv
f u
kd yf gw,f/ MS Word
(2) Skype internet phone wG i f &ygw,f / od k Y aomf
onf tcrJh ajymEdkifonf qdk PageMaker Type menu
aomfvnf; uRefawmf regis- wGif Font qdkonfh pmom; awmh free &Edik yf gr,f/ 0ufbf tjcm; unicode wpfckckudk
ter vkyfí &efukefjrdKUwGif; vH k ; 0 aysmuf a eygw,f / qdkufrSm information udk toHk;jyKyg/
zkef;eHygwfwpfckudk ac:Munfh tb,faMumifh jzpfonfudk tao;pdwf zwfMunhaf pvdyk g 4/ PageMaker udk install
&m ordinary zk e f ; eH y gwf odvdkygw,f/ w,f/ tjcm; 0ufbq f ukd rf sm; jyefvkyfMunhfyg/ odkYr[kwf
twGuf aiGoGif;0,f,l&efqdk &efatmifp;kd ([oFmw) tjzpf iCall (http://icall. Font udk jyefoGif;jyD; restart
onfph mom; ay:vmygw,f/ com/) eJY EvaPhone (http:/ vkyfyg/ PageMaker wGif
rnfonfhtwGuf jzpf&onf A 1/ Fan udk jzKwf /evaphone.com/) ud k Post-Script font rsm;ud k
udk odvdkygw,f/ tcrJh zkef; jyD; zkefrIefY &Sif;Munhfyg/ avhvmMunhfyg/ Gtalk u xnf h & mrS m Adobe Type
ac:Edkifaom tjcm; Web rsm; 2/ Skype onf aemufydkif; wpfqifhvnf; ajymMuw,f Manager (ATM) u ydkjyD;
&dSvQif odvdkygw,f/ wGif aiGoGif;rSom toHk;jyK vdkY Mum;&ygw,f/ vufawGU aocsmygw,f/ ¤if;twGuf
(3) Gmail ydkY&mwGifjzpfap? Edik yf gw,f/ Skype udk oH;k ol roHk;zl;yg/ PageMaker pD ' D r S m ygyg
Gtalk ajym&mwG i f j zpf a p tcsif;csif; online ajym&if 3/ MyMyanmar odkYr[kwf w,f/

Send To rSm ydkYcsifwJh ae&mopfudk xnfhay;Edkifygw,f - Start/Run... uae wpf - ay:vmwJh box uae wnf
qifh sendto vdYk ½du
k x
f nfah y; aqmufxm;wJh zdkvf'g&dS&modkY
Q yHk odkYr[kwf zdkif enf;vrf; a&;ay;ygcifAsm;/ yg/ OK udk EdSyfvdkufyg/ nTe;f vdu k yf g/ Next udk EdyS yf g/
wpfzikd u f kd armufpf nmuvpf - ay:vmwJh box rS File udk - Shortcut trnfay;jyD;
EdSyfjyD; ay:vmwJh menu rsm; A enf;vrf;u vG,f uvpfvkyfjyD; New udk a&G; Finish ud k Ed S y f v d k u f y g/
xJu Sent To udk a&G;cs,f ygw,f/ udk,fydkif zdkvf'gwpf cs,fyg/ SendTo xJrSm udk,fydkif zdkvf
um wpfae&mudk wdkuf½dkuf ckudk wnfaqmufxm;yg/ - Shortcut udk uvpfvkyf 'god k Y yd k Y Ed k i f w J h shortcut
ydkYEdkifwmudk odygw,f/ uRef yg/ a&mufvmygvdrfhr,f/
awmf awG U wm Desktop, tck yHk? zdkif ponfwdkYudk
My Documents, CD drive armufpf nmuvpfEdSyfjyD; rdrd
ponf ydYk p&menf;enf;yJ &daS e &JU udk,fydkif zdkvf'godkY wdkuf
ygw,f/ qdkvdkwmu uRef ½d k u f Send To Ed k i f y gjyD /
awmf wnf a qmuf x m;wJ h tjcm; ae&mrsm;od k Y v nf ;
ud k , f y d k i f z k d v f ' gwpf c k c k o d k Y shortcut rsm; wnfaqmuf
Send To eJY ydkYcsifygw,f/ jyD; ydkYEdkifygw,f/

160 uGefysLwm*sme,f

trSeftuef 0,f&atmif
Q 1/ uRefawmfh uGef
ysLwm run box wGif regedit
½dkufí r&yg/ ½dkufvdkuf&if
Windows jyKwf u soG m ;
w,f/ b,fvdk aqmhzf0J oHk;
jyD; jyif&onfukd &Si;f jyay;yg/
2/ Electronic ckt wGucf suf
wJ h aqmh z f 0 J t rnf a wG e J Y
download &,lEdkifwJh web -
sites rsm;udk ajzMum;ay;yg/
3/ uGefysLwmESpfvHk;udk Ka-
spersky 7.0 wif&mrSm yxr
wpfv;kH wGif key udk Kasper-
sky web rS topf 0,fygvdkY
jyygw,f/ 'gayr,fh 'kwd,
uGeyf sLwmrSm wif&mwGif wif
vdkY &ygw,f/ rnfokdY jzpf&
onfudk &Sif;jyyg/
4/ Premier 6.0 udk capture
card &dSrS wifvdkY&ygovm;/
b,fvdk uwfawGudk install
vkyf&ygovJ/ uwftrnf
rsm;udk azmfjyay;yg/
5/ Background t&Siaf wGukd
Windows background
tjzpf oH k ; Ed k i f y govm;/
Background t&Sifrsm;tm;
rnfonfh website awGrSm
&EdkifygovJ/
6/ HBO, Star movies pwJh
Zmwfum;awGukd PC eJY wGzJ uf
MunhfjyD; ul;,lEdkifygovm;/
b,fvdk pufawGudk oHk;&yg
ovJ/
7/ USB stick odYk r[kwf 3G
zkef;xJwGif virus program
wnfaqmufjyD; virus um
uG,fEdkifygovm;/
8/ a[mifaumif tuf&Sif
Zmwfum;xJrS phone pass-
word udk USB xnfjh yD; zsuf
oG m ;ygw,f / Password
zsufwJh aqmhzf0JawGudk USB
stick rSm xnfhEdkifygovm;/
b,fvkd aqmhz0f aJ wGukd oH;k yg
ovJ/ xnfhr,fqdk&if tjcm;
y½d*k &rfawGukd USB xJ xnfh
vd k Y r&awmh b l ; vm;/ ajz
Mum;ay;ygcifAsm;/
[def;xuf (rdw¬Dvm)
A 1/ ar;cGef;t&
regedit wpfco k m ½du
k v f Ykd r&
wmvm;/ Run rSm tjcm;
command awGyg ½du k v f Ykd r&
wmvm; rodyg/ Run rSm
tjcm; command ½dkufvdkY&
&if gpedit.msc vdYk ½du k x f nfh
yg/ ay:vmwJh Group Po-
licy (box) &d S b,f b uf
atmufqHk;u Administra-
tive Templates udk uvpf
vkyyf g/ xyfay:vmwJh Sys-
tem udk zGifhyg/ nmbuf jrif
uGif;xJrS 'Prevent access
to the command prompt'
pmom;udk armufpf nmuvpf
EdSyfyg/ Properties udk zGiyhf g/
xyfraH y:vmwJh box rSm 'Not
Configured' udk trSwfjcpf
a&G;cs,fyg/ Apply eJY OK
cvkwfrsm;udk EdSyfjyD; jyefxGuf
yg/
'Dvekd YJ r&&if jzpfEikd af csu
Adkif;&yfpfaMumifhvdkY ajzvdkuf&
ygw,f/
2/ Electronic circuit wGuf
wJh aqmhzf0JqdkvdkY diagram
qGJzdkYvm;? Trouble-shoot-
ing vkyfzdkYvm;? Calculate
wGufzdkYvm; ponf tkyfpk
trsKd;rsKd; &dSygw,f/ 0ufbf
qdkuf Search rSm vdkcsifwJh
trnf pmvH;k awG xnf½h u kd jf yD;
&SmMunhfyg/ Scribd (http://
www.scribd.com/) eJ Y
4Shared (http://www.
4shared.com/) wdkYrSmvnf;
0if&SmEdkifygw,f/
3/ Kaspersky eJY ywfouf
vdYk xkwv f yk w
f hJ ukrP
Ü &D UJ vkyf
aqmifcsufyg/ aiG ay;0,fjyD;
oHk;wmr[kwfwJhtwGuf MuHK
uGeyf sLwmtar;tajz
ae&r,fh udpöyg/ Kasper-
sky taeeJY tcrJh oHk;aeol
rsm;&efrS umuG,fzdkY&m enf;
vrf;rsKd;pHkoHk;jyD; owday;ae
wmyg/ tcsKd U Ed k i f i H r sm;rS m
wefzdk;ay;0,fol tppftrSef
awGawmif blacklist tjycH&
vdkY ajz&Sif;ae&w,fvdkY od&
ygw,f/ Blacklist uae
whitelist jzpfatmif enf;
vrf;ay;wJh 0ufbq f ukd rf sm; &dS
ygw,f/ tifwmeuf Search
rSm Kaspersky blacklist to
whitelist patch qdkjyD; ½dkuf
xnfu h m tqifajywJh 0ufbf
qduk f wpfcck u k ae patch zdkif
udk &atmif download cs,l
yg/ ¤if; patch zdik u f kd b,fvkd
oHk;&r,fqdkwm a&;xm;yg
w,f/ vufawGU roHk;zl;yg/
Kaspersky eJY ywfoufjyD;
tao;pdwo f v d &kd if aatkkw1
@gmail.com (rEÅav;) odkY
qufo, G af r;jref;Edik yf gw,f/
4/ Premier 6.0 udk avhvmzdYk
ouf o uf q d k & if capture
card rvdkyg/ zGifhEdkifygw,f/
'gayr,fh vufawGUoHk;zdkY&m
pufwifbm? 2008 161
uGeyf sLwmtar;tajz
5/ Windows desktop rSm vkyfwJh USB stick rsm;rSm
animated background U3 system qdkwm ygvmyg
rsm;udk wifxm;Edkifygw,f/ w,f/ ¤if;pepfwGif Avast!,
¤if;twGuf tifwmeufuae Symantec uJo h Ykd aqmhz0f rJ sm;
download &,lEdkifygw,f/ ygovdk tjcm;aomvkyaf qmif
6/ ar;cG e f ; ud k r&S i f ; yg/ csufrsm;vnf; ygygw,f/
rnfonfh ½kyf&Sifrsm;udkrqdk vufawGU roHk;zl;ao;yg/
oufqdkif&m format udk zwf Nokia rdkbdkif;vfzkef;rSm
EdkifwJh function &dS&if Munhf Symantec security anti-
Ed k i f y gw,f / Oyrm HBO virus program udk xnfh
(Home Box Office) &JU for- xm;w,fvYkd aMumfjimrSm awGU
mat onf 480i (SDTV) jzpf &ygw,f/
jyD; 3GP onf qJvfzkef;rsm; 8/ ,cktcg USB udk oD;jcm;
twGuf jzpfygw,f/ ½kyf&SifeJY uGefysLwmypönf;taeeJY oHk;
AD'D,dk format aygif; 30 vmEdkifjyDjzpfvdkY ½kyf&SifZmwf
ausmf &dSygw,f/ oifh uGefysL vrf;xJu vkyfaqmifcsuf
wmxJu player rSm tqdkyg onf jzpfEdkifygw,f/b,fvdk
format rsm;udk zwfEdkifwJh aqmhz0 f rJ sK;d qdo
k nfukd rodyg/
capture card vd k y gr,f / jzpfygw,f/ b,fvkd uwfrsK;d function &d S z d k Y v d k y gw,f / USB rSm aqmhz0 f J oH;k zdYk&m U3
odYkro S m ½du
k u
f ;l xm;wJh AD',D kd oHk;Edkifw,fqdkwm http:// ul;,lvdkY &? r&onf ¤if;wdkY system odkYr[kwf U3 tech-
zdik af wGukd uGeyf sLwmxJ xnfh www.adobe.com/pro- cGifhjyKwJhtay: rlwnfygr,f/ nology taMumif;udk avh
zdkYeJY wnf;jzwfjyD;wJh zdkifudk ducts/premiere/cards. 7/ SanDisk, M-Systems vmMunhfapvdkygw,f/
AD'D,dkwdyftjzpf jyefxkwfzdkY html rSm MunfhEdkifygw,f/ uJhodkY tckaemufydkif; xkwf

DjVu onf PDF vdk zdik f format trsK;d tpm;yg

Q uRefawmf tifwm format wpfckyg/ ]'D*smAl} vdkY
eufuae ynm&yfqdkif&m zdkif toH xGufygw,f/ tJ'DrSm
tcsKdUudk download cswm yHak wG? pmom;awGeYJ 'DZikd ;f awG
&ygw,f/ 'gayr,fh zGifhvdkY ponfyg0ifjyD; compres-
r&yg/ zdik f ysufw,fvYkd vnf;
sion enf;ynmeJY csKHUxm;yg
rjyyg/ ¤if;\ extension u w,f/ t&Sif;qHk; a&;&&if
DjVu vdYkawGU&ygw,f/ ,cif PDF vdk zdik f format rsK;d qdyk g
u tJ'DpmvHk;udk rMum;zl;yg/ awmh / High resolution
rnfuJhodkY zGifh&rnfudk &Sif;jy
images awGukd tifwmeufu toHk;jyKjyD; zGifhEdkif? zwfEdkif? w,fvdkY od&ygw,f/ PDF
ay;ygcifAsm;/ ae jzefYcsdvdkY&atmif wDxGif y&ifhxkwfEdkifygw,f/ Uni- zdik af wG ae&mrSm tpm;xk;d 0if
xm;wmvdkY od&ygw,f/ ¤if; versal Document Con- a&mufzdkY MudK;pm;aew,fvkdY
A DjVu onf AT& udk STDUViewer odYk r[kwf verter vdk aqmhzf0JrsKd;udk oHk; xifygw,f/
T Research u jyKvy
kw
f hJ file WinDjView aqmhzf0Jrsm;udk jyD; PDF zdkiftjzpf ajymif;Edkif

162 uGefysLwm*sme,f
 uGeyf sLwmtar;tajz

FATAL Error rSm t"dymÜ ,f zGiq

hf ckd suaf wG rsm;ygw,f
Q (1) uGefysLwmrSm
jzpf&onfudk a&;jyEdkifrSmyg/
,ck hardware wpf c k c k
FATAL Error vdkY jyaejyD;
Windows rwufbl; jzpfae ajymif;wyfvdkY jzpf&onf[k
ygw,f / FATAL Error xifygw,f/ FATAL Error
taMumif;udk tao;pdwf od ay:&jcif;wGif driver aqmhz0f J
csifygw,f/ rsm; tqifjh r§i&hf ef vdt k yfjcif;?
(2) MP4 rSmygwJh English-
topfwifvu kd w f hJ hardware
Chinese Dictionary ud k odkYr[kwf driver eJY 0if;'dk;
English-Myanmr od k Y pepf w d k Y tqif r ajyjcif ; ?
ajymif;vdkY &ygovm;/ Me-vdkufavsmnDaxG rjzpfjcif;?
mory size vHkavmufw,f hard disk ysujf cif;? mother- FATAL Error ud k jyqdkxm;ygw,f/
qdk&if Eng-Myan Dict udkboard, RAM ponf w G i f t"dyÜm,fzGifhqdk&mrSm ]]oHk;ae SiSoftware Sandra udk
jyóem &dSaejcif;eJY power
MP4 rSm xnfhoGif;oHk;Edkifyg wJh y½dk*&rfudk &yfapzdkY jywJh oHk;jyD; ppfaq;Munhfyg/ ¤if;
vm;/ supply raumif ; jcif ; wd k Y error jzpfygw,f/ vuf&dS onf uGefysLwmrSm b,fvdk
(3) English Myanmar Di- aMumifhvdkY qdkygw,f/ FA- tcsuftvufrsm;udk ysufap jyóem &dSaew,fqdkwmudk
ctionary pufwGif rnfonfhTAL Error ay:&if error ygw,f/ aqmhzf0JxJu rSm; txdkuftavsmuf ulnD&Sm
y½d*k &rf odYk r[kwf aqmhz0f uJ kd
code ud k y g jywwf v d k Y ,Gi;f aewJh trdeYfneT Mf um;csuf ay;ygvd r f h r ,f / Ad k i f ; &yf p f
oHk;xm;ygovJ/ bmaMumifq h w kd m cefYreS ;f Edik yf g udk rjzpfrae oHk;aejcif;/ aMumif h v nf ; jzpf w wf y g
w,f /
uGeyf sLwmausmif;ol Oyrmtm;jzif h t"dyÜm,fr&dSwJh tcsuf w,f/
0x0000002E onf data bus
(armfvjrKd i)f tvufrsm;? code rsm;eJY csdwf 2/ ajymif;vdkY r&yg/ MP4
error? 0x00000074 onfbad qufrdjcif;? nTefMum;csuf wGif oGif;vdkY r&ao;yg/
A 1/ FATAL Error system config? 0x000000 ysufaejcif;? rjzpfEdkifonfh 3/ Dictionary puf u d k
Code udk twdtus ajymrS F2 onf hardware inter- wGufcsufrIudk jyKaejcif;wdkY xkwfwJh ukrÜPD&JU udk,fydkif
om rnfonfh trSm;aMumifh rup ponf jzpfygw,f/ aMumifh jzpfay:&onf}} vdkY aqmhzf0Judk oHk;ygw,f/

Conflict jzpfukefjyD xifygw,f adapter drivers wdkYtMum; ¤if;udk ajz&Sif;zdkY&m

conflict jzpfvdkY jyóem ay: - uGefysLwmudk Safe mode
Q uRefawmfh uGefysL 50 (aemufu parameters 4 &wmvdkY qdkygw,f/ Con- eJY zGiyhf g/ ¤if;twGuf F8 key
wmtrsKd ; tpm;onf P4, ckonf uGefysLwm configu- flict qdw
k m Oyrmtm;jzifh nTef udk oHk;&ygr,f/
ASUS P5L, 1GB RAM, ration ay: rlwnfjyD; uGmjcm; Mum;yHk wlwJh 0if;'dk;pepfzdkifeJY - Run rSm msinfo32 vdYk ½du k f
VGA 256MB PCI Express wwfvdkY ra&;awmhyg/) driver wpfc& k UJ pepfzikd f wpfck xnfhyg/ System Informa-
jzpfygw,f/ uGefysLwm oHk; armifcsr;f ajro
U l (rH&k mG )
wdkY &ifqdkifawGU&mrSm uGefysL tion (box) ay:vmygr,f/
aepOf restart jzpfjzpfoGm;yg wmtaeeJY b,foYl nTeMf um; - tJ'DrSm Components udk
w,f/ Error udk rSwfxm; A PAGE_FAULT_ csufudk vdkufem&r,f rod? uvpf v k y f y g/ ay:vmwJ h
&mrSm IN_NON- PAGED_AREA bmqufvyk &f rSmudk rodawmh pm&if ; rsm;rS Display ud k
PAGE_FAULT_IN_NON- STOP: 0x00000050 bJ trSm;jy&wJhtxd jzpfay: uvpfvkyfzGifhyg/
PAGED_AREA 0x000000 onf 0if;'dk;pepfeJY display wJh tajctaewpf&yfyg/ - nmbuf j rif u G i f ; xJ r S m

pufwifbm? 2008 163

uGeyf sLwmtar;tajz
INF File &dS? r&dSudk ppfMunhf w,f/ aemuf zdkif&dS&if xdkodkY
yg/ &d&S if b,fvt kd rnfvnf; ½dkufjyD; ajymif;yg/ xdkYtwl
qdkwm rSwfxm;yg/ Oyrm ren %systemroot%\inf\
Nv4.inf, Oem0.inf, Atim
128.inf ponfjzpfygvdrr hf ,f/
- ¤if; box rsm;udk ydwfvdkuf
yg/
- My Computer ud k
armufpn f muvpfEySd jf yD; Pro-
perties udk zGifhyg/
- Hardware tab odkY ajymif;
jyD; Device Manager udk
uvpfvkyfyg/
- ay:vmwJh devices rsm;rS
display adapter udk armufpf
nmuvpfEdSyfjyD; Uninstall
vkyfvdkufyg/ OK udk EdSyfyg/
- Run udk zGifhjyD; cmd [k
½du
k xf nfyh g/ Command Pro
mpt ay:vmygr,f/
- ¤if;wGif zdkiftrnf ajymif;
ygr,f/ ¤if; driver eJY ,SOw f JG
ygvmwJh .inf zdkifudk trnf
wpfckckodkY ajymif;zdkYyg/ C:\>
ren %systemroot%\inf\
(INF file name .inf) *inf.
old vdkY ½dkufyg/ INF file
name rSm apmapmu rSwx f m;
wJh INF File zdkifudk qdkvdkyg
164 uGefysLwm*sme,f
(INF file name .pnf) *pnf.
old qdkjyD; ajymif;yg/
- Box tm;vH;k udk ydwjf yD; uGef
ysLwmudk restart jyefvkyfyg/
- uGefysLwmudk administra-
tive rsKd;eJY zGifh&ygr,f/ User
taeeJY r[kwfyg/
- uGefysLwmrSm 0if;'dk;pfpepf
u hardware topfukd tvdk
tavsmuf csdwfqufygvdrfh
r,f/
- pepf u Found New
Hardware qdkjyD; jywJhtcg
Cancel cvkwfudk EdSyfyg/
- tu,fí error ay:&if
uGefysLwmudk Safe mode eJY
jyef z G i f h j yD ; Last Known
Good Configuration a&G;
cs,fvdkufyg/ ENTER udk
EdSyfyg/
- tu,fí 'System Has
Recovered from a Serious
Error' qdjk yD; jy&if uGey
f sLwm
udk restart jyefvkyfyg/
- Display adapter driver
udk jyefwifyg/ vdktyf&if
http://support.microsoft. twGuf device driver rsm;
com/gp/vendors odkY quf udk ppfMunhf&ygr,f/
oG,fEdkifygw,f/ Start/Accessories udk
aemuf pOf;pm;p&mwpfck zGifhyg/ ay:vmwJh vkyfaqmif
u aqmhzf0JwpfckckeJY incom- csufrsm;xJu Command
patible rjzpfvYkd ay:wJh error Prompt ud k armuf p f n m
qdkjyD; awGU&ygw,f/ [mh'f0J uvpfEdSyfjyD; 'Run as admi-
wpfckckudk topf xnfhvdkuf nistrator' udk a&G;cs,fyg/
&mrSm ¤if;[mh'f0J odkYr[kwf Command Prompt (box)
driver aqmhzf0JawG tqif ay:vm&if sfc/scannow vdkY
rajy jzpfyHk&ygw,f/ ½dkufxnfhyg/ ¤if;onf sys-
IRQ_NOT_LESS_ tem files rsm;udk ppfaq;ay;
EQUAL STOP 0x0000000 jyD; trSm;jyóem&dS&if jyyg
A onf t"dutm;jzifh [mh'f vdrfhr,f/ odkYr[kwf restart
0J odkYr[kwf aqmhzf0JwdkYonf vkyfcdkif;ygvdrfhr,f/ ar;cGef;
wpfckeJY wpfck vdkufavsm rSmygwJh error tm;vH;k udk csKHikH
nDaxG (incompatible) r&dS Munhf&if device drivers
vdkY[k qdkxm;ygw,f/ tJ'D aMumifhvdkYom ,lqvdkufyg
w,f / rnf o nf h device
topfudk wyfvdkufí trSm;
ay:ovJ/ Motherboard eJY
incompatible rjzpf o nf h
component rsm;udk em;vnf
wwfuRrf;onfh ynm&Sifrsm;
odkY ar;jyD; ppfMunfhapvdkyg
w,f / Fresh Diagnose
(www.freshdevices.com)
uJhodkY pepfudk ppfay;EdkifwJh
oD;jcm; aqmhzf0J wpfckckudk
oHk;jyD; ppfMunhfyg/
 uGeyf sLwmtar;tajz
b,fvkd file type trsKd;tpm;ygvdrfh udk uvpfvkyfjyD; Open udk
zGifhyg/ File type rSm Works
Q uRefawmhfqDudk zdkif qdkyg
Text Document 6.0-9.0 odYk ajymif;zGiv
hf u
kd yf g/
awmh/ rdkufu½dkaqmhzf&JU pmpD
tD;ar;vfrsm; 0ifvm&mrSm - Word Viewer 2003 eJY zGihf
pm½dkuf (word processor)
(extention) .wps udk Out- MunhfEdkifygw,f/
aqmhzf0JwpfckvdkYvnf; ajym
look Express u rodbl;vdkY - Microsoft Works 6-9
jyaeygw,f/ zGiv Edik yf gw,f/ Office Suite rSm
hf Ykdvnf; r& File Converter eJY ajymif;ay;
ygygw,f/ uRefawmfwdkYu
yg/ b,fvdk zdkiftrsKd;tpm; Edkifygw,f/
qdkwm &Sif;jyay;yg/ Office &JU Word toH;k rsm;ae - .wps file convert to .doc
vdkY owdrxm;rdMuwmyg/ &if Save As eJY Word zdkif file qdjk yD; ajymif;ay;wJh aqmhzf
A (File extention) ¤if; .wps zdkifudk zGifhzdkY&m tjzpf ajymif;xm;Edik yf gw,f/ 0Jrsm; &dSygw,f/
.wps onf Microsoft - Word 2007 eJY wdkuf½dkuf - Word 2003 zdkiftopfudk
Works &JU (WPS) Works zGifhEdkifygw,f/ tJ'Dvdk zGifhjyD; t&if zGiv
hf u
kd yf g/ File menu

eJY &atmif zGifhjyD; NTLDR &dyS gw,f/ 'gayr,fh Adik ;f &yfpf

&Si;f r&wJh Happy Birthday
zdik u
f dk 0if;'d;k pf pD'x
D u
J (i386 0ifa&mufjcif;udk rodvdkuf
folder) rS aumfyDvkyfum jcif; odkYr[kwf ysHUyGm;rI rwl
Q 0if;'dk;pf wif&m NTLDR zdik u f kd oH;k &ygw,f/ [mh ' f ' pf C: u 0if ; 'd k ; pf jcif;wdkYaMumifh Adkif;&yfpf owf
wGif NTLDR is missing tck rawGUawmh NTLDR (Windows/System32) odkY &wm tqifrajyMubl;vdkY
Press CTRL+ALT+DEL missing qd k j yD ; puf u d k paste vkyfMuygw,f/ cuf Mum;&ygw,f/ tcsKdUaom
[kom azmfjyjyD; restart om restart jyefvkyfcdkif;aewmyg/ wmu 0if;'dk;pfpepfudk yGifh Adik ;f &yfpo
f wfenf;onf regi-
vk y f c d k i f ; aeygw,f / ,if ; 'gayr,fh yHkrSeftm;jzifh atmif rvkyfEdkifwmyg/ tif stry xJodkY 0if&jcif;? 0if;'dk;pf
jyóemudk rnfodkY ajz&Sif;& zdkifaysmufwmr[kwfbJ tck wmeufrmS Happy Birthday pepf zdkvf'grsm;udk zGifh&jcif;
rnfenf;/ uGeyf sLwmawGrmS ul;pufcaH e Adkif;&yfpfowfenf;awGeJY 'D ponf tcsuf r sm;aMumif h
udo k D[armif &wJh Happy Birthday Adkif; NTLDR zdi ku f kd b,fvkd xnfh uGefysLwm tawGUtMuHKenf;
&yfpfaMumifhvdkY ,lqvdkufyg &r,fqdkwm jrefrmvdk a&; olrsm;tzdkY acgif;½IyfoGm;Edkif
A ¤if;jyóem jzpf& w,f/ Happy Birthday Adik ;f xm;MuwmawG trsm;MuD; ygw,f/ ,ck Adik ;f &yfpo f wfzYkd
jcif;rSm uGefysLwm&JU BIOS &yfpf EdSrfeif;zdkYeJY ywfoufjyD;
onf out of date jzpfaejcif; ,ckESpf {jyDvxkwf uGefysL
odkYr[kwf boot wpfzdkifzdkif wm*sme,frmS a&;om;azmfjycJh
aysmufaejcif;? ysufaejcif; jyD; jzpfygw,f/
aMumifh ay:&w,fvdkY qdkyg Happy Birthday Adkif;
w,f/ &Sif;atmif a&;&&if &yfpo f nf 0if;'d;k pf pwufwm
NTLDR (New Technology eJY NTLDR (NT Loader)
Loader) zdkif aysmufaewm zdkifudk zsufvdkufygw,f/ þ
yg/ uGefysLwmudk zGifhvdkuf od k Y j zif h 0if ; 'd k ; pf p epf o nf
wmeJY BIOS onf [mh''f pf&UJ qufrwufawmhbJ restart eJY
partition tydkif;rS yxrqHk; vnfaeygawmhw,f/ tcsKdU
sector ud k zwf z d k Y & m tJ ' D u 0if;'dk;pfudk wpfenf;enf;

pufwifbm? 2008 165

uGeyf sLwmtar;tajz
udk ra&;awmhbJ vG,fr,f
xifwJh enf;vrf;udk a&;ygh
r,f/ ynmom;awmh rygbl;
ayghAsm/ tqifajyr,fh enf;
vrf;udk &SmMuH a&;&wmyg/
tvkyfawmh ½Iyfygvdrfhr,f/
enf;vrf; (1)
- CD drive rSm 0if;'dk;pfpepf
pD'Dxnfhxm;yg/
- uGefysLwmudk (restart)
zGifhjyD; BIOS wufatmif
DEL uD;udk EdSyfxm;yg/
- BIOS wuf&if First boot
udk CD-ROM vdkY ajymif;
vdkufyg/
- 0if;'dk;pfudk qufzGifhyg/
- xdktcg 0if;'dk;pfpD'D t&if
yGifhvmjyD; 0if;'dk;pfpepfwif
onfh enf;vrf;twdkif; a&SU
qufyg/ aemuf b,f parti-
tion rSm 0if;'dk;pfudk topf
wifrSmvJar;wJhae&m a&muf
&if D: odkY nTef;vdkufyg/
- Format csrvm; ar;&if
format vHk;0 rcsygeJY/ D: rSm
data awG trsm;MuD; &dSaerSm
Happy Birthday Adkif;&yfpf EdSrfeif;zdkYeJY ywfoufjyD; 2008 ckESpf {jyDvxkwf
uGefysLwm*sme,frSm a&;om;azmfjycJhjyD; jzpfygw,f/ ,cktcg tifwmeuf jrefrm
0ufbfqdkufrsm;rSm Happy Birthday Adkif;&yfpf&Sif;xkwfyHk enf;vrf;rsm;udk
jrefrm vdk a&;om;xm;awG 0rf;ajrmufzG,f awGU&ygw,f/
&SmawGUoavmuf a&;&&if
166 uGefysLwm*sme,f
yg/ 'Leave the current file MuD;wJh zdik ?f data awG r&daS wmh ments and Settings) zdv
k 'f g
system (no changes)' udk bl;/ tcsdefvnf; &w,f/ rsm;udk zsufyg/ Tools/Fol-
a&G;cs,fyg/ tjcm; toHk;csaqmhzf0Jrsm; der Options.../View udk zGifh
- Installation vkyif ef;pOfukd twGuf pD'D toifh &dSw,f? jyD; Show hidden files and
jyD;atmif qufvkyfyg/ install vnf; vkyw f wfw,f? folders ud k a&G ; cs,f y g/
- vkyfief;pOf jyD;vdkY uGefysL tawGUtMuHK &dSjyD;om;qdk&if azsmufxm;wJh zdkifawGudk jrif
wmudzk iG w hf t
hJ cg 0if;'d;k pfpepf format csvdkufyg/ &ygr,f/ rvdktyfwJh zdkifrsm;
onf D: rSm &dSaeygjyD/ C: rSm - wu,fwrf;wGif format udk zsufyg/
&dSjyD;om; 0if;'dk;pfpepfonf rcsapvdkyg/ wpfckckjzpfwdkif;
active rjzpfawmhyg/ xdYk twl format csci kd ;f wm ynmr[kwf
enf;vrf; (2)
C: rS m &d S w J h Ad k i f ; &yf p f o nf yg/ tawGUtMuHKrsm;t& Adkif;
uGefysLwm ESpfvHk; &dS&if
vnf; txdkuftavsmuf jidrf &yfpfu ae&mtESHY pGJuyfae
odkYr[kwf udk,fh taygif;
aeygvdrrhf nf/ jzpfEikd &f if uGef w,f q d k & if taumif ; qH k ;
toif;&JU uGefysLwmudk oHk;
ysLwmudk safe mode eJY0ifyg/ enf ; vrf ; rsm;eJ Y z,f x k w f
vdkY&r,fqdk&if
- C: xJu ta&;MuD;wJh zdkif &Sif;vif;onfhwdkif tpte
- ¤if; Adkif;&yfpf0ifxm;wJh
rsm;udk a&TUajymif;yg/ ul;,l usefaewwfygw,f/ wpfcsdef
[mh'f'pfudk jzKwfyg/
yg/ - aumif;wJhpufrSm slave
csdefrSm jyef active jzpfvmEdkif
- Adkif;&yfpfaqmhzf0J wifjyD; ygw,f/ Format csjcif;onf
tjzpf wyfyg/
Adkif;&yfpf &Smyg/ ynmom; rygaomfvnf; uGef
- Safe mode uae Ka-
- Adkif;&yfpfvdkY xif&wJh zdkif ysLwm tawGUtMuHK enf;ol
spersky eJY scan vkyfjyD; Adkif;
rsm;eJY tjcm; rvdktyfwJh zdkif rsm;tzdkY pdwfcs&wJh enf;vrf;
&yfpf&Sif;yg/
rsm;udk zsufyg/ vdkY ,lqrdygw,f/
- zdkif? zdkvf'grsm;udk uvpf
- jyD;&if uGefysLwmudk re- - C: rSm 0if;'dk;pfpepfudk jyef
racgufbJ armufpn f muvpf
start vkyfjyD; txufu a&; wifjyD;vdkY oHk;EdkifjyDqdk&if D:
EdSyfjyD; Open eJY zGifhyg/
xm;wJt h wdik ;f C: rSm 0if;'d;k pf xJu 0if;'d;k pf (WINDOWS
- ta&;MuD;wJh zdkifrsm;udk ul;
udk jyefwifyg/ C: rSm ta&; +Program Files+Docu- ,lodrf;yg/
- NTLDR file udk pD'x D uJ ae
copy/vkyfjyD; Adkif;&yfpfxdcJhwJh
[mh'f'pf&JU Windows/Sys-
tem32 rSm xnfhyg/ (uGefysL
wmrsm;wGif C: Windows vdYk
awGUcsifrS awGU&ygr,f/ 0if;
(1) http://sayaba.wordpress.com/2008/02/22/happy- 'd;k pfwif&if pepfzikd f tm;vH;k udk
birthday-virus/
xnfx h m;wJh t"du zdv k 'f gudk
(2) http://www.ainmat.com/index.php?/rchives/
1179-REMOVAL-INSTRUCTION-OF-HAPPY-
qdkvdkwmyg/)
BIRTHDAY-VIRUS.html - jyD;&if jyefjzKwf,lvmjyD;
(3) http://www.myanmaritpros.com/ udk 0ifjyD; ]]Virus rlvpufrmS master tjzpf jyef
jyóem ajz&Sif;ay;yg}} udk uvpfvkyf zwfEdkif ygw,f/ wyfyg/
xdkYtwl tifwmeuf Search rSm 'Happy Birthday - pdwfcs&atmif Safe mode
Virus Myanmar' vdkY xnfh½dkufjyD; ay:vmwJh u0ifjyD; antivirus updates
0ufbfqdkufrsm;udk a&G;cs,fzwfEdkifygw,f/ vkyfum Adkif;&yfpf xyf&Smyg/
 uGeyf sLwmtar;tajz
Happy Birthday vm;? One_ Miss_ Call Adi
k ;f &yfpw
f hJ

Q uRef a wmf uG e f oHk;r&awmhyg/ zdkvf'gwpfck

ysLwmudk zGifhawmh desktop zGifhvdkufwdkif; trnfwl zdkvf
ay:rSm text zdkif tawmfrsm; 'gwpfck xyfay:vmygw,f/
rsm;udk awGUygw,f/ zdkif wpf zdkvf'g size uawmh ao;yg
zdkifudk zGifhMunhfawmh w,f/ pyDumeJY oHpOf icon
One_Missed_Call av; ygygw,f/ Adkif;&yfpf xd
Virus jyD qdkwmudkawmh csufcsif;
========================================================================= odvdkufvdkY bmrS quf rvkyf
This is a worm from
Myanmar Student. Not awmhyg/ Happy birthday axmufrpGmeJY tifwmeuf KB t&G,ftpm;&dSwJh One_
from SG, made at Adkif;&yfpf qdkwmvm;/ tjcm; Search rS m One_Miss_ Miss_Call.bat zdi k u
f kd down
Yangon. Myanmar has
many Hackers and wpfckckvm;/ Call vdkY xnfh½dkufvdkufwm -load cs&,lyg/ ¤if;zdkifudk
Programmers. That is wif0if;atmif (&efuek )f jrefrm0ufbfqdkuftcsKdUudk uvpfvkyf½HkeJY run ay;ygvdrhf
example number two.
Happy birthday is my awGUygw,f/ tJ'DrSm One_ r,f/
first virus. Have a A Happy Birthday Miss_Call ud& k iS ;f zdYk a&;xm;
,ck enf;vrf;onf Adkif;
nice day admin.
========================================================================= virus eHygwf (2) vdkY ajym& wmrsm;udk jyefjyD; twdkcsKHU
&yfpo f wfwhJ definition awmh
(C) 26 MARCH 2008, rvdkjzpfaeygw,f/ One_ um vufqifhurf; azmfjyay; r[kwb f ;l vdYk qdyk gw,f/ Adik ;f
by O.X Miss_Call vdkYvnf; a&;Mu ygr,f/ uRefawmftygt0if &yfpfu xnfhxm;wJh zdkifawG
vdkY a&;xm;ygw,f/ rMum ygw,f/ uRefawmfwdkYqDu uGefysLwm Adkif;&yfpf pGJuyfae
udk delete vkyjf yD; Adik ;f &yfpx
f d
cifrSmyJ tJ'D zdkifrsm;onf rdSef zefwD;wmrdkYvdkYvm; rodyg/ olrsm;ud,k pf m; aus;Zl;wifyg
xm;wJh zdkifrsm;udk clear vkyf
vmjyD; aysmufukefygw,f/ 'Dtrnfukd 0ufbq f u
kd rf sm;rSm w,f/ ay;wmyg/ usefwJh zdkifrsm;udk
Windows key, task mana- &Smwm rawGUyg/ Antivirus One_Miss_Call Virus Search box uae &S m jyD ;
ger, Ctrl+Alt+Del, Tools> aqmhzf0Jrsm;yif odMuOD;r,f July 21, 2008 by kokoaye manual enf;eJY &Sif;yg/ ¤if;
Folder Options>View r[kwfyg/ tEÅ&m,fMuD;w,f http://www.mediafire. zd k i f r sm;onf *.exe tjzpf
ponf vkyfief;pOfrsm;vnf; vdkY qdkMuygw,f/ uHaumif; com/?39w5ejb2tzv rS 1.55 &dSMujyD; t&G,ftpm; 292kb
om &dSygr,f/ File name u
application awG&JU trnf
rsm;ud k ,l y gw,f / Oyrm
photoshop.exe, pm70. exe
ponf jzpfygw,f/ 292kb
&dSwJh .exe zdkifrsm;udk a&G;cs,f
&Sif;ypfyg/ tJ'D zdkifrsm;onf
Music Folder yHkav;eJY jy
ay;wwfygw,f/ aemufxyf
Adkif;&yfpf rwufatmif Auto
Run Killer udk oHk;ay;yg/

pufwifbm? 2008 167

 uGeyf sLwmoifcef;pm
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
MICROSOFT WORD 2007 oifcef;pm
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
pmvH;k rsm;? pmyd'k rf sm;udk tvSty azmfaqmifjcif; odrYk [kwf
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
pmrsuEf mS 'DZikd ;f qifjcif;
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
,ckv Word 2007 oifcef;pmwGif pmvHk;rsm;udk zwfcsifpzG,fjzpfatmif
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
jyifqifajymif;vJjcif;? pmydk'frsm;udk pmrsufESmwGif Munhfaumif;atmif format
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
ac: yHkpHcsjcif;rsm;taMumif; jzpfonf/ Word oHk;aeolrsm;twGuf cufcJaom
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
oifcef;pmrsm; r[kwfyg/ odkY&mwGif ,cif odaeusxuf ydkjyD; tao;pdwf
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
a&;om;xm;í Word udk uRrf;usifpGm oHk;Edkifygvdrfhrnf/
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121

168 uGefysLwm*sme,f
 uGeyf sLwmoifcef;pm
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
pmom;? pmyd'k ?f acgi;f pD; wpfvHk; odkYr[kwf pmvHk;rsm; oauFw vu©Pmwpfckck pmvH;k rsm; (characters)
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
ponfwu Ykd kd yHpk cH sjcif; udk a&G;cs,fjyD; ta&mifydkxif xnfhjcif;? vdkif;tpdwftusJ
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 Characters rsm;ud k
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
(formatting) vk y i
f ef ; pOf apjcif ; (bold)
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 ? apmif ; ay; ponf yg0if o nf / tcef ; format jyKvky&f ef Font dia-
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
Formatting jyKvk y f jcif; (italicized)? vdkif;wm; u@ (section) rsm;twGuf log box (Alt+H, FN) udk
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
jcif ; onf oif \ docu- jcif; (underlined)? pmvHk; pmrsuEf mS t&G,t
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
f pm; owf toH k ; jyKEd k i f o nf / pmvH k ;
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
ment rS pmrsuf ESm rsm;ud k qG J tMuD ;ajymif ; (capitalized)
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 rSw fjcif ; ? pm&G u fudk axmif qdk&mwGif tu©&m? eHygwf?
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
aqmifrI&dSap&efESifh xda&muf ponfwdkY yg0ifonf/
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 jcif ; ? vS J j cif ; ? ab;vd k i f ; yk'fjzwfyk'f&yf oauFwrsm;
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
rI jzpfa p&ef tEk p d
w f jc,f o xd k Y t wl pmyd k ' f w pf c k rm*sif owfrSwfjcif;ponf yg0ifonf/ wpfenf;tm;
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
jcif;yif jzpfonf/ pepfwus odkYr[kwf pmydk'frsm;udk in- jzpfonf/ ¤if; format u@ jzifh y&ifhxkwfvQif vufcH
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
format rsm; owfrSwfum dents csdefjcif;? ae&mvGwf oHk;rsKd; cGJjcm;xm;aomfvnf; onfh pmvHk;tm;vHk;udk qdkvdk
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
wnf aqmuf xm; onfh jcm;ay;jcif;? pmydk'f tusOf; wpfrsKd;ESihf wpfrsKd; qufpyfrI onf/
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
pmom;rsm;onf pmzwfol tus,f nd§jcif; ponfwdkY rsm; &d S a eonf / Format
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
oifonf pmvHk; wpf
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
tm; qG J a qmif r nf j zpf j yD ; vnf ; yg0if o
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 nf / ¤if ; jyif trsKd ; tpm;wd k i f ; wG i f ouf vH k ; od kYr[kwf pmvHk;tkyfpk
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
pmzwf&mwGifvnf; tqif qifxm;onfh rdrd pdwMf udKuf qdik &f m dialog box &djS yD; oifh wpfckudk a&G;cs,fjyD; Home
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
ajy vG,fulapygrnf/ format rsm;ud k Format tm; settings ajymif;vJ&m (tab) &dS Font group (Alt+
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
oif o nf document Painter uJo h Ykd tool udk toH;k wGif tvG,fqHk;jzpfatmif H) xJrS command wpfckck
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
\ pmrsufESm wpfrsufESm jyKjyD; aumfyDul;,l oHk;Edkifyg tul t nD jyKygvd r f h r nf / ud k a&G ; cs,f o H k ; Ed k i f o nf /
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
csif; odkYr[kwf pmrsufESm onf/
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 Word 2007 wGif format- oif\ document wGif oHk;
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
wdkif;tm; formatting vkyf ting trsKd;tpm;rsm;udk rib- &ef rnfonfh font trsKd;
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
ief ; pOf u d k aqmif & G u f E d k i f tajccH format rsm;
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 bon \ mini-toolbar rS tpm;ES i f h t&G , f t pm;ud k
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
onf / pmvH k; ? pmaMumif ; ES i fh Formatting
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121Basics wd kuf½dkuf &,lEdkifouJhodkY rqdk a&G;cs,fEdkifonf/ odkY&m
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
pmydk'frsm; zGJUpnf;yHkonf pm Word onf format- keyboard shortcut rsm;udk wGif font trsKd;tpm;onf
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
zwf o l t wG u f vG , f u l a p ting vkyfief;pOftwGuf pm oHk;ívnf; &,lEdkifonf/
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
oif\ uGefysLwmpepfwGif
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
&ygrnf/ acgif;pD;rsm;onf vH k ; rsm; (characters) ?
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
txl; xifay:ap&ef pmvHk; pmydk'frsm; (paragraphs) ESihf Home (tab) rS Font (group) wGif character format
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
udk twefi,fMuD;jcif;? ydkí tcef ; (sections) [l í ESiyhf wfoufí trdeUf rsm;pGm &do S nf/ oif\ pmom;rsm;tm;
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
eufatmif jyKvkyfxm;jcif; u@oHk;rsKd; cGJay;xm;onf/ aj y mif ;vd y
k gu a&G ; cs , &
f ef jzpfo nf/ Oyrmtm;jzifh 'sights' udk
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
ESifh vdktyfygu 'DZdkif; tqif pmvH;k (character) rsm; a&G;cs,f highlight vkyx
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 f m;jy;D Font (group) xJrS trdeYf wpfck
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
tjyifrsm;jzifh wnfaqmuf& udk format jyKvkyjf cif;tqifh ckukd uvpfvyk yf g/ tu,fí oifajymif;vdo
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
k nfh trdeu Yf kd &Sm&
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
ygrnf / ta&;MuD ; aom wGif (font) pmvHk; a&G;cs,f cuf y gu Font (group) nmbuf a xmif &
h S d rde
S a
f eaom jrm;OD;yHk
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
pum;vHk;rsm;udk xif&Sm;ap jcif ; ? pmvH k ; t&G , f t pm; uav;udk uvpfvyk v
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 f u kd yf g/ ¤if;udk dialog box launcher
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
&ef quotes cHjcif;? tjcm; (font size) a&G;cs,fjcif;?
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 [k rS w E
f ik d o
f nf/ xd t
k cg Font dialog box ay:vmygrnf/
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
pmvH k ; ES i f h uG J j ym;ap&ef pmvHk;rsm;udk ydkrdk ay:vGif
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
ta&mifxnfhjcif;? ydkjyD; euf apjcif; (bold) ESifh (italics)
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
atmif bold vkyjf cif; ponf apmif;jcif; ponf taMumif;
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
ajymif;vJay;&onf/ t&mrsm; yg0ifonf/
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
,ckv oifcef;pmrsm; pmyd k ' f (paragraph)
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
onf pmvH k ; wpf v H k ; csif ; ? tqif h w G i f indents ac:
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
pum;vH k ; wpf v H k ; csif ; ud k pmaMumif;rsm;\ tp ae&m
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
rnfodkY format qifrnfudk udk owfrSwfjcif;? bullets
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
a&;om;xm;onf/ pmvHk; ac: pmaMumif ; xd y f w G i f
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
pufwifbm? 2008 169
 uGeyf sLwmoifcef;pm
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
&dSae&ygrnf/ xdkYtwl font jzpfonf/ Type-faces wGif
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
t&G,ftpm;udk MuD;rm;pGm tu©&m? eHygwf? vu©Pm?
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
a&G;cs,fEdkifaomfvnf; do- oauFwrsm; yg0ifonf/
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
cument wGif 0ifqhH&efESifh uG e f y sLwm e,f y ,f w G i f
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
y&ifhxkwfvQif pm&GufwGif font [k oHk;onf/ wpfenf;
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
Munhfaumif;&ef vdkygrnf/ tm;jzifh typeface ESifh font
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
¤if;pum;vHk;rsm;udk bold onf aMumif;wloHuGJ (sy-
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
vkyfjcif;? (underline) vdkif; nonym) [k qdkEdkifygonf/
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
wm;jcif ; ? (superscript) tu©&m? eHygwf? yk'jf zwf
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
rsOf;jcpfjcif;rsm; jyKvkyfEdkifjyD; yk'&f yf oauFwrsm;ESihf Hel-
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
ta&mifrsKd;pHk ajymif;ay;Edkif vetica odkYr[kwf Bodoni
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
ygonf/ uJhodkY pmvHk;rsm;onf type-
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
faces jzpfonf/ odkY&mwGif
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
rSwpf k oifcef;pmwGif pmvH;k (font)
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
Typefaces onf cJ [k oHk;ygrnf/
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
pmvH k;rsm;udk oHk;onfhtcsdef
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
u pmvH;k rsufEmS jyifukd qdv k kd pmyd'k rf sm; (paragraphs)
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
pmvH;k rsm;\ typeface, style, size, color ESihf
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
onf / puú L ay:od k Y zd v d k u f pmyd k'frsm;tm; format tjcm;rGr;f rHcsurf sm;udk ajymif; &ef Font (box) (Alt+H+FN) udk
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
onfh pmvHk;wpfvHk;\ rsuf jyKvkyf&ef Paragraph dia- zGiyhf g/ Font box wGif oif vdt
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 k yfonfh trdeYf (commands)
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
ESmjyif jzpfonf/ yHkEdSyf enf; log box (Alt+H, PG) udk rsm;pGmudk &,lEikd o
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 f nf/ Ribbon wGif &Sm&onfxuf ydrk kd pHv k ifjy;D
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
ynmwG if typefaces onf toH k
; jyK&ygrnf / pmaMumif ; wpf pw
k pf
a
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 0;wnf ; &do
S nf u k d awG&
U ygr nf /
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
pmvH k ; wpf v H k ; od k Y r[k w f rsm;udk b,fnm csdefnd§jcif;?
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
pmvHk;rsm;jzifh 'DZdkif;azmfjcif; indents ac: rnfonfhae&m
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
rS prnfukd owfrw
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 S jf cif;? pm tcef;u@ (sections)
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
aMumif;rsm; vdkif; tpdwf
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 tcef;tvdkuf? tuefY
Dialog box launcher udk jyxm;onf/ ¤if;onf Word
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
tusJ ? pmyd
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
k'f cGJjcif ; ponf vd k u f? tydkif;vdkuf ponf
ribbon &dS command tkypf w k pfcck \k nmbufab;tpGew f iG f
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
rdeS af eaom jrm;OD;yHuk av; jzpfonf/ ¤if;udk armufpu f vpf
jyKvkyfay;Edkifonf/ xdkodkY format jyKvk y f & ef Page
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
format jyKvkyf&ef pmydk'fudk Setup dialog box (Alt+P,
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
vkyyf gu oufqikd &f m dialog box ay:vmygrnf/
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
highlight vkyf a&G;cs,f&yg SP) udk oHk;&ygrnf/ ¤if;
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
rnf/ tu,fí ra&G;cs,frd wGif rm*sifrsm; owfrSwf
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
ygu tqdkyg pmydk'ftwGif; ay;jcif;? pm&Guf taxmif-
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
wpfae&mwGif armufpf in- tvSJ? pm&Guf t&G,ftpm;?
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
sertion point ud k ae&m aumf v H c G J j cif ; ES i f h tjcm;
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
wnfjyD; uvpfESpfcsuf EdSyf 'D Z d k i f ; jyKvk y f j cif ; rsm;ud k
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
vk d u f y g/ armuf p f u vpf tcef ; tvd k u f jyKvk y f E d k i f
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
EdSyf&mwGif tawGUtMuHKt& onf/ a&SUoifcef;pmrsm;
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
jref v monf u d k awG U &yg wGif a&;om;azmfjycJjh yD;vnf;
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
rnf/ wpfcgwpf&H pum;vHk; jzpfonf/ wu,fwrf;wGif
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
wpfvHk;udk a&G;cs,frdonfudk document wpfckü section
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
MuHK&ygvdrfhrnf/ wpfckom ygavh &dSygonf/
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
odkYjzpfí section wpfckudk
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121

170 uGefysLwm*sme,f
 uGeyf sLwmoifcef;pm
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
vkyfief;pOf tqifh ESpfqifh pmvHk; atmufodkY qif;jcif;
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
&d S o nf / yxr tqif h r S m (subscript)? tay:odkYwuf
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
rnfonfhpmvHk;? pmaMumif; jcif; (superscript)? pmvHk;
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
tm; format vkyfvdkonfudk tMuD;? tao; ajymif;jcif;
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
a&G;cs,&f ef jzpfonf/ 'kw,
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
d (change case)? ta&mifjzifh
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
tqif
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 h
r S
m formatting vk y f (highlight) vkyjf cif;? pmvH;k
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
jcif;yif jzpfonf/ ¤if;wGif udk ta&mifjc,fjcif;wkYd yg0if
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
formatting options rsm;udk onf/
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
set up vkyfxm;Edkifonf/
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 ¤if;twGuf tao;pdwf
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 udk Font dialog box zGifhí
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
Ribbon jzifh format xyfrMH unfEh ikd o
f nf/ tqdyk g
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
format ajymif;jcif;onf do- apvdkygonf/ Word onf jyKvyk jf cif; odrYk [kwf Font
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
box wGif formatting op-
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
wpf c k v H k ; tm; ajymif ; jcif ; twG u f
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
cument format (dialog box) ud
t
k oH;
k jy Kjc if
; tions rsm;udk wpfpkwpfa0;
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
ajymif;jcif; jzpfonf/ uGjJ ym;aom enf;vrf;pOfrsm;
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 Home (tab) \ Font wnf; jrifEdkifonf/ odkYjzpfí
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
udkvnf; jyKvkyfay;xm;yg tkyfpk tay:vdkif;wGif pmvHk; ajymif;vJrIrsm;onfqdkygu
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
rSw p
f k onf/ vG,fulaom enf; trsKd ; tpm; ajymif ; jcif ; ? jrefqefpGm jyKvkyfEdkifonf/
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
,ck oif c ef ; pmwG i f vrf;wpfckrSm Word 2007 t&G,ftpm;? pmvHk;MuD;rsm; ¤if;twGuf
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
pmvH k;rsm;ESifh pmydk'frsm;tm; \ ribbon udk zGifhyg/ ¤if; ud k o m toH k ; jyKjcif ; ES i f h (1) Format vkyfvdkonfh
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
rnfodkY format jyKvkyfrnf wGif Home (tab) odYk ajymif; atmufvdkif;wGif pmvHk;rnf; pmvHk;rsm;udk a&G;cs,fyg/
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
udkom a&;om;xm;onf/ xm;yg/ b,fbufpGefwGif jcif; B (bold) ? apmif;jcif; a&G ; cs,f o nf h selection
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
Section formatting Font tkyfpkudk jrif&ygrnf/ I (Italic)? vdkif;wm;jcif; U vkyfief;pOfudk a&SUoifcef;pm
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
taMumif;udk tvsOf;oifh Font formatting (Underline)? rsOf;jzifh jcpf rsm;wGif azmfjycJjh yD; jzpfonf/
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
ovd k quf v uf azmf jyay; twG u f tao;pdwf Munh&f ef jcif ; (strikethrough) ? (2) Word 2007 \ ribbon
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
ygrnf/ rS m Font (dialog box)
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
(Alt+H, FN) udk toHk;jyK
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
Characters rsm;udk format jcif;yifjzpfonf/ ,ck Font
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
jyKvyk jf cif; tkyfpküyif formatting vkyf
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
oif \ document xJ p&m rsm;pGmudk jrifae&yg
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
&dS pmvHk;wdkif;onf format rnf / oif \ pmvH k ; od k Y
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
vkyx f m;onfukd owdjyKrdyg r[kwf pmaMumif;udk a&G;
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
vd r fhrnf/ Formatting vkyf cs,f highlight vkyfjyD; wpf
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
ief;pOfwiG f pmvH;k trsKd;tpm; rsKd;csif; prf;oyfvkyfaqmif
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
a&G;cs,fjcif;? t&G,ftpm;? Munhfyg/
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
ta&mif ? vd k i f ; wm;jcif ; ? xd k Y twl keyboard
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
pmvH k ; ud k yd k r nf ; apjcif ; ? shortcuts rsm;ud k oH k ; í
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
pmvHk;tMuD;tao; ponf vnf; vkyfaqmifEdkifonf/
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
wdkY yg0ifonfudk rMumcP þenf ; onf armuf p f u d k
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
a&;cJhjyD; jzpfonf/ xdkodkY vSrf;í udkif&ef rvdkaom
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
ajymif;vJ&mwGifvnf; vG,f aMumifh ydkjyD; jrefygvdrfhrnf/ Word 2007 oifcef;pmESihf ywfoufí pmtkyf odrYk [kwf
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
ul o nf u d k awG U &ygrnf / rnfonfh enf;vrf;udk oHk; oifcef;pm pD'D rsm;pGm &dyS gonf/ t*Fvyd b f momjzpfonf/
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
vufawGU vkyfaqmifMunhf onfjzpfap formatting wGif ¤if;pm&if;udk tvsO;f oifo
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
h vd k azmf
j yay;oGm;ygrnf/
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
pufwifbm? 2008 171
 uGeyf sLwmoifcef;pm
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
a&G;cs,fum Alt+H, 2 uD;
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
Mini Toolbar pops up yHk jzpfonf/ rsm;udk EdSyfvdkufyg/ Word
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 2003 wGif Ctrl+I jzpfonf/
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 oifonf uD;bkwfcvkwf
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
ESpfck odkYr[kwf uD;oHk;ckudk
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 om EdSyf&ygrnf/ armufpfudk
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 oHk;jyD; pmvHk;udk apmif;ap&ef
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 armufpfudk vSrf;udkif&jcif;?
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 pmvHk;rsm;tm; highlight
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 vkyu f m a&G;cs,fjcif;ESihf Ita-
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
trd e fY (command) udk &Sm Keyboard Shortcuts lic icon udk armufpfuvpf
rS Home odYk ajymif ; yg/ Font
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
tk y f p k a y:aeygrnf / ¤if ; rawGUygu odkYr[kwf for- rsm;jzifh format jyKvyk jf cif; vky&f jcif;rsm; &do S nf/ odYkjzpf
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
tk y pf \
k atmuf b uf E i
S hf nm vk
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
matting y f i ef ; pOf u d k uG e fysLwm pmpD uRrf ; í uD ; bk w f shortcut u
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
buf tpGefwGif cyfrdSefrdSef rsm;jym;pGm vkyv
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 f ykd gu Font usifol tcsKdUonf armufpf ydkjyD; jrefonfudk awGU&yg
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
ud k zGi fhv dku fyg/
jrm;OD;yHkuav;udk jrif&yg box
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 udk rudkifbJ uD;bkwfjzifhom rnf / xd k Y twl uD ; bk w f
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
rnf / ¤if ; ud k launcher tvkyfvkyfMuonfudk awGU shortcut cvkwfudk toggle
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
button [k a&;xm;onf/ Mini Toolbar jzifh format
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 zl;ygvdrfhrnf/ ¤if;twGuf cvkwfuJhodkY oHk;Edkifonf/
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
tqd ky g jrm;OD ;yH ku dk armuf pf jy Kv y
k j
f c if ;
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 keyboard shortcut rsm;udk
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
jzifh uvpfvyk yf g/ odYk r[kwf Word 2007 \ Mini odxm;&ef vdkygrnf/ oif vIyv f yI &f mS ;&Sm; pmvH;k rsm;
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
Toolbar onf
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
Alt+H, FN uD;rsm;udk EdSyf Word 2003 onf pmvHk;rsm;udk apmif;ap oifonf Word 2003
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
yg/ xd o
k Y
k d Alt+H ud k Edy
S v
f u
k d f rSm uJ h
o d
k
Y pH k
p H
k
v
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 if
v if awGU Ed
k
i f vd k
y govm;/ yxr tay:- ud k oH k;zl;ol jzpfygu pmvHk;
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
onfESifh ribbon \ Font rnf r[kwfyg/ odkY&mwGif atmuf jrm;uD;rsm;ESihftwl rsm; rSdwfwkwfrdSwfwkwf jzpf
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
tk yfpkESifh Paragraph tkyfpk oifonf pmaMumif; wpfckck Shift uD;udk EdyS jf yD; pmom;udk aejcif;? ta&mifrsm; vif;
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
wdkYwGif shortcut uD;rsm;udk udk a&G;cs,fvdkufonfESifh
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
jyay;onfudk awGU&ygrnf/ Mini Toolbar pops up
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
¤if;rS F - N uD;rsm;udk av;onf cyfrdSefrdSef tae
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
qufEySd jf cif;vnf; jzpfonf/ txm;jzifh ay:vmonfudk
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
FN udk launcher button owdjyKrdygvdrfhrnf/ ¤if;
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
ae&mwGif jrifEikd o f nf/ Font pops up ay:odkY armufpf
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
tkypf rk S cvkwrf sm;onf tog- jrm;OD; wifvdkufygu ay:
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
gle uJ h o d k Y oH k ; Ed k i f o nf / vG i f xif & S m ;vmygrnf /
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
Oyrmtm;jzifh underline tqdyk g Mini Toolbar pops
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
cvk wfudk uvpfvkyfvQif up wGif pmvHk;rsm;tm; for-
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
pum;vHk;\ atmufü rsOf; mat jyKvkyf&ef trdefY com-
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
om;ay;rnfjzpfjyD; ¤if; un- mands u ydkrsm;ygonf/
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
derline cvkwfudk aemuf ¤if;rS trdefYwpfckckudk a&G;
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
wpfMudrf jyefuvpfvyk yf gu cs,f uvpf v k y f j yD ; prf ;
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
rsOf ; om;xm;jcif ; onf Munh f a pvd k y gonf / vk y f Mini-toolbar av;onf oift
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
h m; tvdt k yfq;kH ?
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
aysmufoGm;ygrnf/ aqmif & jref q ef o nf u d k toH;k trsm;qH;k trdeYf (commands) rsm;udk a&G;cs,jf yay;xm;
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
tu,f í Word \ awGU&ygvdrfhrnf/ onf/ tqdyk g trdeYf (commands) rsm;onf txl;ojzifh
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
ribbon wGif oifvdkcsifonfh
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
pmvH;k rsm;udk format jyKvyk &f ef jzpfonf/
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121

172 uGefysLwm*sme,f
 uGeyf sLwmoifcef;pm
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
vufaejcif;? ab;rS ta&mif Text Effects jyKvk y f u m
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
ajy;aejcif; ponfwdkYudk jrif Word 2007 odkY cut and
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
zl;ygvdrfhrnf/ ¤if;wdkYonf paste jyKvkyfEdkifonf[k qdk
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
armfeDwmjrifuGif;wGifom onf / vuf a wG U tm;jzif h
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
jrifae&jcif;jzpfjyD; y&ifx h w k f vnf; aumfyDul;um ¤if;zdkif
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
vQif rygvmyg/ Web sites udk Word 2007 wGif zGifh&m
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
rsm;twGuf oHk;&efom jzpf aumif;pGm jrifae&onf/
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
onf/ Word 2003 wG i f
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
Alt+O, FX cvkwfrsm;udk pmvHk; tMuD;-tao;
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
EdSyfyg/ Font dialog box \ ajymif;jcif;
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
Text Effects panel wGif Word wGif rnfonfh
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
awGU&ygrnf/ Blinking pmvHk;udkrqdk tMuD;? tao; Change Case menu wGif oift
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 h m; ajymif;vJenf; 5 rsK;d jyay;
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
Background, Las Vegas ½dkufEdkifonf/ wpfenf;tm; xm;onf/ Word ribbon \ Font tkypf w
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 k iG f ]at tMu;D -
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
at tao;} (Aa) icon udk uvpf v y
k f zG
i M
h f unhyf g/ Pop-up
Lights, Marching Black jzifh uppercase or lower-
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
Ants, Marching Red case udk oHk;Edkifonf/ odkY&m menu yGiv hf mjy;D oifajymif;vdo
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 k nfukd a&G; cs,Ef ikd o f nf/
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
Ants, Shimmer, Sparkle wGif pmvHk;rsm;udk xl;xl;
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
Text rsm;udk owd&aeygvdrhf jcm;jcm; yHkEdSyfvdkolrsm; &dS Font tkyfpkwGif Change caps [l a om vk y f a qmif
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
rnf/ onf/ Oyrmtm;jzifh ukrÜPD Case menu (Alt+H, 7) csuf yg&dSjyD; jzpfonf/ ¤if;
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
tqdkyg aqmif&GufEdkif trnfukd pmvH;k tMuD; capi- [laomaqmif&u G cf suf yg0if udk Font dialog box wGif
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
csufonf Word 2007 wGif talized rsm;jzifhom ½dkufvdk onf/ oifonf pum;vHk; awGUEdkifonf/ ¤if; &nf&G,f
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
csef vSyfxm;cJhonfudk awGU onf/ odkYr[kwf pum;vHk; wpf c k u d k pmvH k ; tMuD ; - csufrSm pmvHk;tm;vHk;onf
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
&ygonf/ rdkufu½dkaqmhzf wd k i f ; \ a&S U pmvH k ; onf tao; ajymif;&ef a&G;cs,f (capitals) tMuD;rsm;[k qdk
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
taeESifh ¤if;aqmif&Gufcsuf tMuD;rsm; (capitalized) rxm;ygu insertion aomfvnf; pmvHk;rsm;onf
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
onf acwfukefoGm;jyD? y&ifh jzpf a e&rnf / od k Y r[k w f point \aemufrS pmvHk;rsm; a&SUqHk;pmvHk;ESifh rwlbJ uGm
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
xkwfvQifvnf; rygEdkifaom wpfrsKd; qef;jym;pGm cOM- udk tvdktavsmuf ajymif; jcm;apvd k o nf / wcsKd U u
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
aMumifjh zpfonf[k taMumif; PUTER [laom pum;vHk; ay;ygvdrfhrnf/ ajymif;vdk pmvHk;MuD;qdkonfhwdkif Munhf
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
jyygonf / oif h t aeES i f h rsKd;udk a&;vdo k nf ponfjzifh onfh pum;vHk;udk high- &qd k ; onf h pmvH k ; MuD ; rsKd ;
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
rjzpf r ae jrif c sif a o;onf ajymif;vJ&ef jzpfonf/ ¤if; light vkyf a&G;cs,fxm;ygu r[kwf/ xdkodkYaomyHkpHrsKd;udk
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
qdkygu Word 2003 wGif twGuf Word ribbon \ a&G ; cs,f x m;onf h t wd k i f ; Word u tvdktavsmuf
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
ajymif;ay;ygrnf/ ¤if; vkyf jyKvkyfay;jcif; jzpfonf/
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
aqmifEdkifcsufrsm;rSm
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 ¤if;twGuf Font dialog
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
Sentence case.
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 box udk oHk;&ygrnf/ yxr
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
lowercase
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 ajymif;vdkonfh pmom;udk
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
UPPERCASE highlight vkyf a&G;cs,fxm;
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
Capitalize Each Word yg/ xdkYaemuf Font box
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
tOGGLE cASE
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 (Ctrl+D) udk zGifhyg/ odkY
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
wdkY jzpfMuygonf/ r[kwf launcher button
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
udk uvpfvkyfzGifhyg/ ¤if;\
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
Capital pmvH;k tao;rsm;jzifh Effects ae&mwGif Small
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
header jyKvyk jf cif; caps [l a om tuG u f u d k
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
Word wG i f Small trSwfjcpf a&G;cs,fvdkufyg/
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
pufwifbm? 2008 173
 uGeyf sLwmoifcef;pm
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
tqdkyg pmydk'ftwGif; wpf PageMaker uJhodkY Word
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121ae&mü insertion point udk processing aqmhz0f rJ sm;wGif
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121csxm;&ef jzpf o nf / xk d Y vnf; yg&dSaejyD;jzpfonf/
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121aemuf vdkcsifaom trdefYudk pmaMumif ; ? pmyk d ' f
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
armufpu f vpfvyk yf g/ pmyd'k f wpfct k Mum;odYk armufpf in-
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121wpf c k
v H
k
; ajymif ; oG
m ;ygrnf/ sertion point csxm;jyD; vdk
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121odYk&mwGif pmyd'k f trsm;tjym; tyfonfh alignment udk a&G;
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121udk format jyKvkyf&efrSm ¤if; cs,f&efom jzpfonf/ ¤if;
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121pmydk'ftm;vHk;udk highlight twGuf Word ribbon \
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121vkyf a&G;cs,f&ygvdrfhrnf/ Home rS Paragraph tkyfpk
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 Paragraph tkyfpkwGif wGif xif&Sm;pGm jrifEdkifyg
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
launcher button &dSonfudk onf/ tao;pdwftm;jzifh
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121owd jyKapvdyk gonf/ ¤if;udk a&;&vQif
Small caps ac: pmvH;k Mu;D (ti,fpm;) rsm;onf pmrsuEf mS \
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
acgi;f pD;rsm;wGif oH;k Muonf/ yHw k iG f Calm in Storm udk uvpfvkyfvQif Paragraph
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121(dialog box) ay:vmyg b,fbufodkY nDatmif
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
pmvH;k tMu;D (capitals) rsm;jzifh a&;xm;onfukd awG&U ygrnf/
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
wpfenf; tm;jzifh lowercase onf pmvH;k Mu;D rsm; jzpfaejy;D
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
rnf / uyfjcif;
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 Left (Alt+H, AL)
a&SqU ;kH pmvH;k xufvnf; tenf;i,f i,fygonf/
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121Text pmom;rs m; taetxm; pmydk'f? pmaMumif;rsm;
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
pmvH k ; rsm;onf t*F v d y f yHkoP²mefudk ajymif;ay;jcif; udk Munfah umif;ap&ef onf b,fbufwGif wnD
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
pmvHk;MuD; (capitals) odkY vnf; jzpfonf/ Oyrmtm; csed n
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 f a§d y;jcif; wnf; jzpfaejyD; nmbuf
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
ajymif ; oG m ;ygrnf / tqd k y g jzifh pmyd k ' fudk vdki f;tus,f
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 pmaMumif ;? pmom;rsm; wGif rnDyg/ aemufqHk; ½dkuf
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
pmvH;k rsKd;udk acgif;pD;? letter- csKHUay;jcif;? pmvHk;rsm;udk udk csdefnd§jcif;onf uGefysL onf h pmvH k ; onf ae&m
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
head ? ukrÜPDtrnf ponf uyfay;jcif;? pmydk'f {&d,m wmjzifh pmpDpm½dkufaeolrsm; rumygu atmufwpfvdkif;
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
wdkYwGif oHk;wwfygonf/ usO;f ay;jcif;jzifh pmyd'k t f &G,f twGuf txl;tqef; vkyf odkY usoGm;ygrnf/ ¤if;udk
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
twGif; pmom;rsm;ü roHk; tpm;ud k ao;i,f a tmif jyK ief;pOf r[kwfyg/ ¤if;onf tpD & if c H p m? ay;pmrsm;
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
oifhyg/ zwf&cufjyD; ½Iyf vkyfEdkifonf/ xdkYtwl pmydk'f
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
axG;apygonf/ rSw&f ef wpf ud k abmif c wf a y;jcif ; ?
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
csufrSm jrefrmpmudk xdkuJhodkY pmaMumif;rsm; a&SUqHk;wGif
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
ajymif;í r&jcif;yif jzpf trSwftom; oauFwrsm;
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
onf/ Oyrm ]uGefysLwm} [l xnfhjcif; ponf jyKvkyfEdkif
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
onfh pum;vHk;udk ajymif; onf/
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
vdkufygu ( UGEFYSLWM ) [lí pmydk'fwpfck odkYr[kwf
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
½Iy faxG ;pG m jrif&ygvd r fhr nf / pmyd k' frsm;udk format jyKvkyf
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
t*FvdyfpmvHk;wGif COM- &ef Word ribbon \
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121Paragraph formatting trdeYf (commands) rsm;onf
PUTER jzpfonf/ Home odkY ajymif;yg/ ¤if;
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
Ribbon \ Home rS Paragraph tkypf w k iG f &dMS uygonf/
wGif Font \ ab;uyf&uf
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
Paragraphs pmyd'k rf sm;udk
tay:vikd ;f wGif b,fbufrS pjy;D nmbufoYkd Munhyf g/ Bullets,
ae&mwGif Paragraph tkyfpk Numbering, Multilevel List, Decrease Indent,
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
format jyKvyk jf cif; udk awGU&ygrnf/ pmydk'fudk Increase Indent, Sort, Show/Hide (paragraph mark)
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
pmyd k ' f (paragraph) format jyKvkyf&mwGif pmydk'f wdu
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
Yk kd awG&U ygrnf/ atmuf vdik ;f wGif Align Text Left, Center,
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
wpf c u
k kd format jyKvk
y o
f nf wpf c k v H k ; tm; highlight Align Text Right, Justify, Line spacing, Shading,
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
qd&k mü pmyd'k \ f taetxm;? vkyf a&G;cs,fp&m rvdkbJ Borders wdYk jzpfMuygonf/
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121

174 uGefysLwm*sme,f
 uGeyf sLwmoifcef;pm
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
ponf vkyif ef;ESihf oufqikd f bufwGif nDrnf r[kwfyg/
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
onfh pmrsm; ½dkuf&mwGif oHk; aps;EIef;azmfjycsuf? pmudk;?
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
onf/ udk;um;csufrsm;ESifh Zmwf
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
vrf;ZmwfuGuf ZmwfnTef;
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
tv,fwiG f &daS eap&ef rsm;wGif oHk;wwfonf/ pm
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
csed nf j
§ d c if
; rsufESmtwGif; "mwfyHkonf
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
Centered (Alt+H, AC) nmbufwGif &dSaeygu ¤if;
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
pmyd k ' f ? pmaMumif ; rsm; "mwfyHktaMumif; pmnTef;udk
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
onf b,fESifh nmbufwGif "mwfy\ kH ab;wGif nmtnD
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
nDrnf r[kwyf g/ pmaMumif; uyf jyD ; pm½dkufwwfygonf/
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
rsm;onf wd k o nf j zpf a p?
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
&Snfonfjzpfap tv,fwGif b,fnm uGufwdusatmif
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
A[dkusus &dSaeMuygrnf/ csed n f j§d cif;
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
¤if;udk acgif;pD;rsm; ½dkuf Justified (Alt+H, AJ)
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
jcif;? pmtwdt k prsm;? zdwpf m pmydk'f? pmaMumif;rsm;
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
rs m;ESi hf aMumf j imrsm ;wGif awG U onf b,f b uf E S i f h nm
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
Edkifygonf/ &Snfvsm;aom bufyg wpfnDwnf; jzpfae
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
pmydk'frsm;? 0wåK? aqmif;yg; Muonf/ ausmif;pmtkyrf sm;?
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
rsm;udk xdu k o hJ Ykd r½du
k o
f ifyh g/ *sme,f? r*¾Zif;rsm; ponf
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
zwf&oltwGuf cufcyJ gvdrhf wdkYwGif oHk;Muonf/ toHk; Ribbon ay:&Sd cvkwrf sm;udk toH;k jyK jcif;jzifh oif\ paragraph
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
rsm;aom rm*siftrsKd;tpm; rS pmaMumif; rsm;udk Munhaf umif;atmif csed n
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
rnf/
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
f a§d y;Edik f onf/
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
vnf ; jzpf o nf / pmom; ¤if;wGif Left, Centered, Right, Justified [lí settings
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
tvGef&Snfaom pmaMumif; av;ck yg0if onf/ wpfenf;tm;jzifh pmaMumif;rsm; udk ]b,fuyf?
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
nmbufoYkd tnD uyfjcif;
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
rsm;twGuf Munhfraumif; tv,f? nmbufuyfEiS hf nDatmif nd}§ [k qdMk uygonf/
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
Right (Alt+H, AR)
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
pmydk'f? pmaMumif;rsm; wwfyg/ wpfcgwpf&H pmvHk;
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
onf nmbufwiG f nDatmif rsm;tMum; ae&mus,fae pmvH;k rsm; taetxm; Munhf wG i f Indent csd e f o nf [ k
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
&d S a eMuaomf v nf ; b,f wwfonf/ pmrsufESmwGif aumif ; ap&ef rm*sif u d k qdkMuygonf/ Oyrmtm;jzifh
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121(Alt+P, M) csUJ ay;&ygonf/ Word wGif pmwpfaMumif;udk
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121od k Y r [k w f pmvH k ; t&G , f rm*sifrSpjyD; r½dkufbJ rm*sif
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121tpm;udk csdefnd§ (Alt+H, \ vufr0uftuGmrS p½dkuf
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121FS) ay;&onf/ jcif;rsKd; jzpfonf/
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 ,ck Ribbon \ Para-
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121pmyd '
k r
f sm;\ pmaMumif;rsm;tm; graph tk y f p k r S Increase
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121tpae&m Indent csed af y;jcif; Indent (Alt+H, AI) ESifh
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 Indent onf pm Decrease Indent (Alt+H,
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121aMumif;rsm;\ tpae&mudk AO) wkYd ukd oH;k Munfyh grnf/
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121owfrSwfjcif;yif jzpfonf/ pmyd k ' f wpf y k d ' f \ a&S U
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
¤if ; wG i f pmwpf a Mumif ; (rnfonfh pmaMumif;xdyq f ;kH
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121twGi;f aemufxyf wpfae&m wGifrqdk) armufpf insert-
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121udk tp owfrSwfay;jcif; ing point ud k csxm;yg/
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
vnf; yg0ifonf/ pmpD&m Increase Indent (icon) udk
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
pufwifbm? 2008 175
 uGeyf sLwmoifcef;pm
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
uvpf vkyyf g/ pmwpfy'kd v f ;kH axmuf j yD ; eH y gwf r sm;ud k
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
a&SUodYk vufr0uf wd;k oGm;yg ajymif ; Ed k i f o nf / xd k o d k Y
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
rnf/ aemufwpfcsuf uvpf ajymif ; aeonf h tcsd e f E S i f h
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
vkyfyg/ aemufxyf vufr wpfajy;nDpGm atmufqHk;&dS
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
0uf wdk;oGm;ygrnf/ De- Preview jrifuiG ;f wGif pmyd'k f
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
crease Indent (icon) udk a&G U aeonf u d k yH k p H t jzpf
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
jyefEySd yf g/ pmyd'k o f nf vufr jrifae&ygrnf/
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
0uf pD jyef aemuf qw k v f myg 0wå K wd k ? 0wå K &S n f ?
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
vdrfhrnf/ pmrlMurf;wdkYudk pmpD&mwGif
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
tao;pd w f csd e f n d § & ef yxrqHk; pmwpfaMumif;udk
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
Paragraph dialog box udk vufr0uf odkYr[kwf wpf
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
zGifhyg/ (Alt+H, PG) odkY vufrcefY tuGmrS p½dkufMu
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
r[k wf launcher button onfukd owdjyKrdygvdrrhf nf/
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
cvk w f u d k uvpf v k y f y g/ pm tydk'fwdkif;wGif jzpfonf/
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
Paragraph dialog box ay: ¤if;twGuf tjyD; csdefxm;
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
vmygrnf/ ¤if; box twGi;f Edkifonf/
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
Indentation tkyfpk&dS Left: Paragraph box \
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
tuG u f w G i f oif a&T U vd k u f Indentation
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121tkyfpk&dS Spe-
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
onfh tuGmta0;udk jyay; cial: tuGufrS jrm;OD;yHkudk
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
aeygrnf/ tuGuftwGif;rS armufpfjzifh axmufzGifhjyD;
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
]vufr} eHygwfrsm;udk ajymif; drop-down menu xJ r S
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
ay;jcif;jzifhvnf; a&TUEdkif 'First line' udk a&G;cs,fyg/ Paragraph (box) wGif sections 4 ck cGx
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 J m;onf/ General,
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
onf/ ab;rS 'By:' tuGuw f iG f 0.5 Indentation, Spacing ESihf Preview wdYk jzpfMuonf/
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
box vufr[k ½dkufxnfhyg/ odkY tqdyk g sections rsm;rS tkypf k oH;k ckwiG f oifph w
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
Paragraph
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
d Mf uKd uf
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 owf r w
S c
f su r
f sm;ud
k xnfh Ed
i
k ?
f ajymif
; Ed
i
k o
f nf/ ¤if; owfrw S f
twGif; indentation tools r[kwf arrow button udk
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
rsm;udk oHk;jyD; indent udk 0.5 vufr a&mufatmif ajymif;vJcsurf sm;udk atmufq;kH &dS Preview jrifuiG ;f wGif
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
tao;pdwf csdefnd§Edkifonf/ a&TUay;yg/ trsm;tm;jzifh erlemtjzpf MunfEh ikd o
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
f nf/
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
Icon cvkwfudk EdSyf&onf 0.25 vufr xm;wwfMu
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
xuf yd k í tao;pd w f y g ygonf/
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 vnf ; roH k ; oif h y g/ oif indent rajymif ; bJ usef
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
onf / tuG u fx Jo dkY eH ygwf owfrSwfxm;onfh para- pmaMumif ; rsm;onf 0.5
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
ud k ½d k u f x nf h E d k i f o nf / od k Y
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
rS
w p
f k graph format rsm; ysuf vufrpD a&SUwdk;ukefonfudk
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
r[kwf (tay:ESifh atmuf xd k o d k Y yxrvd k i f ; ud k oGm;Edkifygonf/
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 awG U &ygrnf / ¤if ; ud k
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
od Y
k j yaeonf jrm;OD ;yHk (arrow rm*sifrS wpfvufr tuGm
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 'First line' indent \ tbd"mef pmtky?f pmpkpm&if;?
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
buttons) udk armufpfjzifh twGuf Tab udk oHk;Edkifaomf ajymif;jyefonf Hanging usrf;jyKjcif; ponfwdkY ½dkuf
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
(indent) jzpfonf/ Spe- &mü oHk;wwfonf/
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 cial: zGifhjyD; drop-down
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 menu xJrS 'Hanging' udk
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
a&G;cs,fyg/ ab;rS 'By:'
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 tuGufwGif 0.5 vufr[k
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 ½dkufxnfhyg/ xdktcg pmydk'f
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 wGif yxrpmaMumif;onf
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121

176 uGefysLwm*sme,f
 uGeyf sLwmoifcef;pm

Java Developer Guide

Chapter (6)
6.6.2 USING THE JAVA SWING COMPONENTS

Package file wpfckudkyJ zufwG,fxm;jyD;awmhrS Java 20. }

21. Class WinClosing extends Window
program awGudk zefwD; a&;om;r,fqkd&if a&&SnfrSm odyf Adapter{
tqifrajyEkdifygbl;/ taumif;qHk;uawmh b,f package 22. public Void WindowClosing (Window
file udkyJ import & Declare vkyfvkyfaygh/ ukd,fvdkcsifwJhyHkpH Event we)
ukd zefwD;a&;om;vkdY &Edkifygw,f/ 23. { System.exit(0);}
uJ 'Doifcef;pmrSmawmh Java awt package eJY Java 24. }
Swing Package file awGukd import & Declare vkyjf yD;awmh uJ tck a&;om; azmfjyay;xm;wJh Code_Line awGu
rS toHk;csMunhfMuwmayghaemf/ awmh JFileChooser udk toHk;jyKjyD;awmhrS ShowOpen-
uJ t&ifqHk; bmukdrQ aoaocsmcsm r&Sif;jy&ao;cifrSm Dialog ( ) method udk toHk;jyK ac:,ljyxm;wmyg/ 'Dawmh
atmufrSmazmfjyxm;wJh Listing 6.9 udk t&ifqHk; avhvm t&if Analysis vkyfjyD;awmhrS Program Flow udk t&ifavh
vkdufMu&atmifvm;/ vmMu&atmifvm;/

Listing 6.9 Using ShowOpenDialog( ) method Analysis

in Java Swing Components 1/ vdkif;eHygwf (1) (2) (3) rSm atmufygtwkdif; package
1. import java.awt.*; file awGudk ac:,lxm;ygw,f/
2. import java.awt.event.*;
3. import javax.swing.*; import java.awt.*;
4. import java.awt.event.*;
5. public class FileBrowser extends Frame
{ import javax.swing.*;
6. public FileBrowser( ){ aemuf vkdif;eHygwf (5)rSmawmh FileBrowser qkdwJh pri-
7. JFileChooser jfc=new JFileChooser();
8. jfc.ShowOpenDialog (this); mary class udk a&;om;ygw,f/ 'D class udk zefw;D &mrSm
9. setTitle)"Using File Browser of Show- awmh AWT Component Libiary xJrmS yg0ifwhJ Frame
OpenDialog( )method);
10. setResizable (false); Class udk extends vkyfjyD;awmhrS zefwD;xm;wmaemf/
11. addWindowListener (new WinClosing()); 'D Class rSm constructor function ygw,faemf/ uJ
12. setVisible(true);
13. } constructor function udk avhvmMu&atmif/
14. vkdif;eHygwf (7) rSmawmh Java Swing Components
15. public Static Void main(String args[]){
16. xJrSm yg0ifwJh JFileChooser udk vSrf;jyD;awmh ac:,l
17. FileBrowser fb=new FileBrowser(); vkdufygw,f/
18.
19. } JFileChooser jfc=new JFileChooser();

pufwifbm? 2008 177

uGeyf sLwmoifcef;pm
'g[m JFileChooser udk import vkyfvkdufjyDaemf/ jyD;
awmhrS Show OpenDialog ( )Box udk Object_Name
cHjyD;awmhrS ac:,lvdkufygw,f/ 'gaMumifh-
jfc.ShowOpenDialog(this);
'Dawmh ShowOpenDialog ( ) Box av; ac:wifvmjyD;
awmh show vkyaf y;rSmayghaemf/ jyD;awmh oD;oefY Frame_
Windows wpfckudk Output xkwfay;EkdifzdkYtwGuf
Frame wpfckudk zefwD;jyD;awmh xm;ay;&ygw,f/
'gaMumifh tJ'D Frame Title Bar rSm yg0if&r,fhpmom;
twGuf setTitle( )method udk toH;k csjyD;awmhrS atmuf
ygtwkdif; a&;om;ygw,f/
setTitle("Using File Browser of Show-
OpenDialog()method");
uJ jyD;awmhrS tJ'D Output xGuvf mwJh Frames udk csKUH ^csUJ
vkyfvdkY r&EkdifatmifvkdY SetResizable ( )method udk
parameter false xm;vkdufygw,f/ 'gaMumifh-
setResizable(false);
xm;jyD;awmhrS a&;&wmygyJ/ jyD;awmh vkdif;eHygwf(11)rSm
awmh addWindowListener ( ) method udk ac:,ltoH;k
csjyxm;ygw,f/
vkdif;eHygwf (12) rSmrS Frame_Windows udk Output
and Showing vkyfay;EkdifzdkYtwGuf-
SetVisible(true);
qkdjyD;rS ac:,lxm;wmygyJ/ [kwfjyDaemf/ uJ 'Dtxdawmh
em;vnf oabmaygufomG ;avmufygjyDaemf/ vkid ;f eHygwf
(14) uawmh FileBrowser ( ) constructor method
&JU close barce} ygyJ/
2/ Main ( ) function uawmh vkid ;f eHygwf (15)rSm a&;om;
xm;ygw,f/ bmrQ taxGtxl; ryg0ifygbl;/ tay:u
zefwD;chJhwJh FileBrowser Class udk Object_Name fb
vkdY ay;jyD;awmhrS jyefvnfac:,lvdkufwmygyJ/ [kwfjyD
aemf/ 'gaMumifh vdkif;eHygwf (17)rSm-
FileBrowser fb = new fileBrowser( );
vdkY a&;om;xm;wmayghaemf/ vdkif;eHygwf(19)uawmh
main ( ) function &JU Close brace } yg/ vkdif;eHygwf
(20)u Close Brace} uawmh primary calss jzpfwJh
FileBrowser Class &JU Close brace} ygyJ/ [kwjf yDaemf/
uJ vdkif;eHygwf (21) uae vdkif;eHygwf (25) Mum;txd
a&;om;xm;wJh WinClosingClass eJY ywfoufjyD;u
awmh bmrQ taxGtxl; xyfrH &Sif;jyp&m rvkdygbl;/
AWT Package file xJuae ac:,l toHk;csxm;w,f
178 uGefysLwm*sme,f
qkdwmudk pmzwfol owdjyKrdrSmyg/ AWTPackage file
udk toHk;csxm;wJh Class wkdif;rSm yg0ifaejyD;om;ygyJ/
'gaMumifh pmzwfoltaeeJY aoaocsmcsm jyefzwfMunhf
jyD;awmhrS Analysis vkyfMunhfyg/ avhvmMunhfyg/
uJ pmzwfot l aeeJY aoaocsmcsm avhvmMunhjf yD;awmh
rS em;vnfoabmaygufomG ;&ifawmh tJ'D Code_Line awGukd
C:\j2sdk1.4.1_01\bin > atmufxr J mS oGm;jyD;awmh a&;om;
wnfaqmufjyD;rS Compile & Run vky&f rSmyg/ 'Dawmh Note-
pad xJudk t&ifoGm;jyD;awmhrS Code_Line awG a&;om;&
rSmyg/ 'gaMumifh Listing 6.9 taeeJY a&;om;ay;vkdufwJh
Code_ Line awGudk t&ifqHk; oGm;a&mufjyD;awmh ul;,l ½dkuf
oGif;vkdufygOD;vm;/
tJ'D Code_Line awGudk a&;om;jyD;oGm;&ifawmh xHk;pH
twkdif; C:\j2sdk1.4.1_01\bin qkdwJh DIR path atmufrSm
oGm;jyD;awmhrS save vkyfvdkufygOD;/ ay;&r,fh File_Name
uawmh FileBrowser.java qkdwJh File_Name eJYygyJ/ uJ 'D
awmh tJ'D Code_Line awG a&;om;jyD;awmhrS save vkyf
odrf;qnf;xm;yHkudk Figure 6.26 taeeJY a&;om; azmfjyay;
xm;ygw,f/ 'gudk pmzwfoltaeeJY avhvmvkdufygOD;/ [kwf
jyDaemf/
Figure 6.26 Write the program code_line in the
Notepad, FileBrowser.java
uJ tck a&;om;azmfjyay;xm;wmuawmh FileBrowser.
java program udk code_line awG a&;om;jyD;awmh save
vkyfxm;ykHygyJ/ uJ pmzwfol zefwD;xm;wJh program udk
Compile & Run vkyjf yD;awmhrS wnfaqmufMu&atmifvm;/
uJ 'gqkd&if Start → Programs → Accessories → Com-
mand Prompt (DOS) udk zGifhyg/ [kwfjyDaemf/
jyD;&if atmufyg Command_Line udk toH;k jyKjyD;awmhrS
DIR path udk change vkyfvkdufygOD;/
 uGeyf sLwmoifcef;pm
CD C:\j2sdk1.4.1_01\bin tck a&;om; azmfjyxm;wJh Figure_Layout uawmh
program &JU Code_Line No(8) rSm a&;om;xm;wJh Show-
uJ tJ'DvkdrsKd; DIR Change vkyfjyD;oGm;jyDqkd&ifawmh OpenDialog (this); qkdwJh Code_Line aMumifhygyJ/ 'gukd
atmufyg command awGudk toHk;jyKjyD;awmhrS Compile & pmzwfot l aeeJY aoaocsmcsm *½kwpku d ef YJ avhvmMunhv
f u
kd f
Run vkyfvkdufygvm;/ yg/ aemufjyD;awmhrS atmufrSm qufvufjyD;awmh azmfjyay;
xm;wJh output windows av;[mvnf; tck uRefawmfwdkY
javac FileBrowser.java ↵ a&;om;cJhMuwJh code_line awGaMumifh ay:vmay;wJh Out-
java FileBrowser ↵ put Frame ygyJ/ 'gaMumifh Title_Bar rSm yg0ifvmwJh pmom;
jzpfwJh Using FileBrowser of ShowOpenDialog ()
tckvdkrsKd; Compile & Run vkyfxm;yHkukd pmzwfol
method qkw d hJ pmom;udk vkid ;f eHygwf(9)rSm a&;om;cJMh uwmudk
tvG,w f ul avhvmvdYk &Ekid af tmiftwGuf atmufrmS a&;om;
pmzwfoltaeeJY owdjyKrdMurSmygyJ/ uJ avhvmMunhfvdkuf
azmfjyay;xm;ygw,f/ pmzwfot l aeeJY aoaocsmcsm avhvm
ygOD;/
Munhfvkdufygvm;/

Figure 6.27 Compile & Run of the

FileBrowser.java

tck a&;om;azmfjyay;xm;wmuawmh FileBrowser.

java qkdwJh program udk Compile & Run vkyfxm;wJh Fig-
ure Layout yHkygyJ/ [kwfjyDaemf/ 'DtcgrSmawmh atmufrSm Figure 6.29 Running the AWT Frame_Windows
qufvuf azmfjyay;xm;wJt h wkid ;f Output vmjyD;awmh azmfjy
ay;aerSmygyJ/ avhvmMunhfvdkufygvm;/
'g[m tckvuf&Sd pmzwfoltwGuf vufawGUuswJh
Dialog Box awGeJY ywfoufwmawG? FileBrowser awGeJY
ywfoufwmawGudk pepfwus em;vnfoabmaygufvmrSm
yg/ vdktyfvm&if AWT Package, Swing package tp&Sd
wmawGxu J vdt k yfwmudok m ac:,ltoH;k csvdYk &Edik yf gw,f/
'gaMumifh Index 6.6.1 and 6.6.2 ESpfckudk pepfwus com-
pare vkyjf yD;awmhrS avhvmapcsiy
f gw,f/ qufvufjyD;awmhrS
ydkYcsay;xm;wJh Exercises awGudk avhvmapcsifygw,f/ avh
vmMunhfyg/

KYAW ZAYAR LAY [ IT ENGINEERING ]

Figure 6.28 Running the FileBrowser Windows

pufwifbm? 2008 179