Evaluation: Pharmacology UY1/FMSB/PHCL200-L2S4 28june2010 : ---- 55mins Section A: Multiple Choice Questions (Choose the ONE best answer)

1. After how many pharmacokinetics half-lives could you estimate the percentage of drug removed from the body to be greater than 97%? 2 3 4 5 6* 2. What is the volume of distribution of a drug that gives a plasma concentration of 0.1mg/ml after giving a 1 gram dose by Intra-venous bolus? [a] 10 litres * [b] 1 litre [c] 1000 litres [d] 10000 litres [e] 0.1 litre 3. What characteristic(s) could make an adverse drug reaction to be considered as serious? [a] An adverse drug reaction that results in congenital malformation [b] An adverse drug reaction that results in death [c] An adverse drug reaction that results in hospitalisation [d] An Adverse drug reaction that results in disability All of the above * 4. Which of the following adverse effects could be described as Type D (Delayed)? [a] Phocomelia caused by thalidomide* [b] Aplastic anemia caused by chloramphenicol [c] Gastro-intestinal bleeding caused by aspirine [d] Dry mouth caused by anti-cholinergic [e] Insomia caused by caffeine

5. The relative concentration of ligand of value A represents which of the following?

[a] Css [b] Cmax

[c] ED50 * [d] Ka [e] LD50 6. The relative concentration of ligand of value B represents which of the following? [a] Css * [b] Cmax [c] ED50 [d] Ka [e] LD50

P2 P1

P3

P4

Figure 2: Concentration-time curve cure of the new drug C2342 (including various pharmacokinetic parameters P1,P2, P3, P4, AUC, MEC- Minimum effect concentration; MTC-minimum therapeutic concentration) (Refer to Figure 2 for questions 7- 10)

7. Which of the above parameters represents time period for the duration of action of drug?
[a] P1

[b] P2 * [c] P3 [d] P4 [e] AUC 8. Which of the above parameters represents Cmax
A B

Figure 1: Curve of relative concentration of ligand versus fraction of maximal binding / cellular response of a new drug C2342 (for question 5- 6 refer to figure 1)

[a] P1 * [b] P2 [c] P3 [d] P4 [e] AUC 9. Which of the above parameters represents Tmax [a] P1 [b] P2 [c] P3 [d] P4 * [e] AUC 10. Which of the above parameters represents the Time of onset of drug action
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[a] P1 [b] P2

[c] P3 * [d] P4 [e] AUC

Section B: OPEN Questions 11. List the risk factors that predispose a patient to adverse drug reactions? (4pts)--->age, health state, diet, genetic variation, administration route 12. Give the limitations of clinical trials as concerns the detection of adverse drug reactions. (3pts)--->kind of pattern, duration of trials comparely to their apparition,
methods used to detect them

13. Cite 2 organ dysfunctions and their respective mechanisms that could
cause variable plasma concentrations of drugs (2pts)--->kidney, liver

14. Cite 2 mechanisms of drug interaction at the level of absorption as

concerns oral administration of drugs (2pts)--->chelation, pH gastric, motility

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