20 Wiring Diagrams, Heating Ventilation and Miscellaneous Tables

TJ
7
v:
OH5 ?0b
MACHINERY'S DATA SHEETS

REVISED
AND RE-ARRANGED
IN
LIBRARY FORM
No. 20
Wiring Diagrams Heating and Ventilation

Miscellaneous Tables
PRICE
25
CENTS
4
8
CONTENTS
Typical Motor Wiring Diagrams Dimensions and Carrying Capacity of Round Copper Wire Dimensions and Carrying Capacity of Rubber Covered Cables Current Densities for Various Contacts and Different Materials Speed, Horsepower and Capacity of Centrifugal Fans Volume, Pressure and Horsepower of Blower Performance Capacities of Hot Water Mains
10 11 12 15 20 22 24 25 26 30 32 34 38 40 45 46
c\j
Diagram for Designing Band Brakes Formulas for Simple and Differential Band Brakes Formulas for Block Brakes Dimensions of Wrenches Standard Automobile Parts Diameters of Blanks for Shells Drafting-Room Conventions Decimal Equivalents of Fractions of an Inch English and Metric Conversion Tables Specific Gravity, Weight per Cubic Inch, etc., of Metals Areas and Weights of Fillets of Steel, Cast Iron and Brass
CO
v)
The
Industrial Press,
49-55 Lafayette
Street.
New
York
>-
Publishers of
MACHINERY
NEW YORK
COPYRIGHT,
1910. TH3T
INDUSTRIAL PRESS,
MACHINERY'S DATA SHEET SERIES

COMPILED FROM MACHINERY'S MONTHLY DATA SHEETS AND ARRANGED WITH EXPLANATORY NOTES
No. 20
Wiring Diagrams
Heating and Ventilation
CONTENTS
4 Typical Motor Wiring Diagrams 8 Dimensions and Carrying Capacity of Round Copper Wire 10 Dimensions and Carrying Capacity of Rubber Covered Cables 11 Current Densities for Various Contacts and Different Materials 12 Speed, Horsepower and Capacity of Centrifugal Fans 15 Volume, Pressure and Horsepower of Blower Performance 20 Capacities of Hot Water Mains 22 Diagram for Designing Band Brakes 24 Formulas for Simple and Differential Band Brakes 25 Formulas for Block Brakes Dimensions of Wrenches 26 Standard Automobile Parts 30 Diameters of Blanks for Shells 32 34 Drafting-Room Conventions Decimal Equivalents of Fractions of an Inch 38 40 English and Metric Conversion Tables Specific Gravity, Weight per Cubic Inch, etc., of Metals' ,,.,..,. ... .. 45 Areas and Weights of Fillets of Steel, Cast Iron and Braid-;. ;.'..-.'.,. .46'
Copyright, 1910, The Industrial Press, Publishers of MACHINERY, 49-55 Lafayette Street, New York City
>
In the following pages are compiled a number of concise tables and diagrams relating to electric motors, copper wire and cables, heating and ventilation, mechanical brakes, miscellaneous machine details, drafting-room conventions, and conversion tables from the English to the metric system, and vice versa. These tables are carefully selected from MACHINERY'S monthly Data Sheets, issued as supplements to the Engineering and Railway editions of MACHINERY since September, 1898. Several additional tables are also included which are published here
for the first time.
In order to enhance the value of the tables, brief explanatory notes have been provided wherever necessary. In some of these notes references are made to articles which have appeared in MACHINERY and to matter published in MACHINERY'S Reference Series, giving additional information on the subject. These references will be of considerable value to readers who wish to make a more thorough study of the gubject. In a note at the foot of the tables reference is made to the page on which the explanatory note relating to the table appears.
WIRING DIAGRAMS, HEATING AND

VENTILATION, ETC.
Motor "Wiring Diagrams On pages 4 to 7, inclusive, are given
nineteen motor wiring diagrams for both direct current and alternating current motors. Beneath the diagrams explanatory notes are provided, giving the required additional information.
1 ounce.
The
tables given apply only
to fans discharging into free air.
When
connected with a series of ventilating ducts, the effect is the same as that of partially closing the fan outlet, and
thus reducing the volume and horsepower in practically the same proportion.
etc.,
[MACHINERY, September, 1906, Diseases Dynamos and Motors; March, 1910, The Operation and Care of Small Electrical Machinery; MACHINERY'S Reference Series No. 34, Care and Repair of Dynamos and Motors.]
of
In the case of schools, churches,
where shallow heaters are used,

flue
and the
velocities
do not exceed
800 to 1000 feet per minute, the volume and horsepower as found in the tables for any given speed should be reduced
tories
Dimensions and Carrying Capacity of Bound Copper Wire On pages 8 and 9 two tables are given
relating
to
about 20 per cent. In shops and facwhere deep heaters are used and
flue velocities
run up to 1800
to 2000
the
dimensions,
carrying
of
feet per minute, there should be duction of about 40 per cent.
re-
capacity, weight copper wire.
and resistance
round
On page 10 a table is given of rubber covered cables giving the actual crosssectional area in circular mils, diameter, diameter of drilled holes in terminals,
pacity.
The volume of air supplied to a building is usually based on the number of occupants. The table below represents good modern practice and may be used
with satisfactory results.
Air Supply per
Cubic Feet
per Hour 4000 to 6000 3000 2400 1500 1200
and
maximum
carrying
ca-
Occupant
Page 11 gives current densities for

various kinds of contacts for different materials. It also gives the areas of
cross-section required per ampere.
Hospitals High schools Grammar schools Theatres and halls
Speed, Horsepower and Capacity of Centrifugal Fans
On pages
of
12
the
relation
and 13 tables are given between speed, horse-
Churches [MACHINERY, October, November and December, 1905, Centrifugal and Disk Fans; June, 1908, Calculation of Fans and Heaters; MACHINERY'S Reference Series No. 39, Fans, Ventilation and
Heating.]
power, and capacity of centrifugal fans. The two columns to the left give the dimensions of the fan, and the body
gives the required revolutions per minute, the horsepower, and the volume of
air discharged into free air per minute at pressures varying from 1/4 ounce to
Volume, Pressure and Horsepower of Blowers

and diagrams on pages 15, compiled by the B. F. Sturtevant Company, Hyde Park, Mass.,
The
tables
17,
18
and
19,
(Continued on page 14.)
.^.^MACHINERY'S DATA SHEETS
No. 20
No. 20
WIRING DIAGRAMS
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WIRING DIAGRAMS
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No. 20
ROUND COPPER WIRE.
No. 20
ELECTRICAL TABLES
ROUND COPPER WIRE
(Continued).
10
No. 20
No. 20
ELECTRICAL TABLES
11
CURRENT DENSITIES FOR VARIOUS KINDS OF CONTACTS AND FOR CROSS SECTION OF DIFFERENT MATERIALS.
12

SPEED, HORSEPOWER, AND CAPACITY OF CENTRIFUGAL FANS
No. 20
I
No. 20
CENTRIFUGAL FANS
13
II
SPEED, HORSEPOWER,
AND CAPACITY OF CENTRIFUGAL FANS
14
No. 20
appertain to the measurement of volume, pressure and horsepower of blowers at pressures from 1 to 10 pounds per square inch. The friction varies as the square of the velocity and inversely as the diameter of the pipe. Therefore, if the diameter of the pipe is doubled, the friction loss is divided by 32, provided of course the same volume is carried. The advisability of using a large pipe for conveying the air is thus clearly shown.
from the point of intersection follow a vertical line downward to the bottom scale where the velocity in feet per minute is read off directly. [MACHINERY,1907, April, Volume, Pressure and
Horsepower
of
Blower Performance.]
Capacities of Hot
Water Mains
sets
On pages
20
and 21 three
of
curves are given for determining the sizes of pipe mains for hot water heatTwo of the diagrams are for graving.
ity
discharged from an orifice or pipe is theoretically equal to the product of the velocity of the air flowing and the area of the orifice. Hence for the calculation of the volume, the velocity is an important factor. To determine the velocity, an instrument Known as the Pitot tube is commonly
of air
The volume
circulation,
where
the
water
is
moved under a low head, the motion

being due solely to the difference in temperature between the supply and
return.
The third diagram
is
for the usual range of velocity
made up and head
employed in forced hot water circulation actuated by means of a pump. In

all
used.
In the diagram on page 18 the four diagonal lines drawn correspond, respectively, to the four formulas given at the right-hand side of the diagram. The required horsepower per 100 cubic
cases the capacities lengths of 100 feet.
are
for
pipe
The volume of water to be passed through the supply main in a heating system may be found by the following
equation
:
found by first locating the pressure in pounds per square inch on the scale at the bottom of the diagram, and then following
feet of free air per
is
minute
a=
8.3
EXH
X (T
TJ
per hour,
in
which
G = gallons
the vertical line from the point so located until it intersects the diagonal
line corresponding to the conditions in the particular case in hand. Then from the point of intersection, the horizontal line is followed to the scale at the left-
E = efficiency
of radiating surface (170 for direct, 400 for indirect, and 1000 for hot blast heating),
H=3 square
T
feet of heating surface,
=
=
initial"
temperature
of
water
180
de-
(commonly taken as
grees),
T!
final
hand side, where the required horsepower is read off. The conditions to which each of the four diagonal lines
apply are stated in the explanatory notes at the right-hand side of the diagram. The diagram on page 19 is used for finding the velocity in feet per minute
of air
temperature of water (com-
monly taken as 160 degrees).

Example. A heating system has 5000 square feet of direct heating surface,
from
and gas for pressures varying to 12 pounds per square inch.
and 1000 of indirect; how many gallons of water (GJ must pass through the main per minute, assuming a drop in
temperature of 20 degrees?
0i
First locate the given pressure on the vertical scale to the left, and follow
the horizontal line from the point so located until it intersects the curve for air or gas, as the case may be. Then
(170
5000)
8.3
+
20
(400
1000)
= 125 gallons.
60
No. 20
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16

flow
No. 20
The head to produce found by the equation
may
be
H=D X
in
0.000365
which
H = head
h
in feet,
producing
length of run. Taking the examples previously given, and assuming the length of the mains to be 200 feet, what size of pipe will be required? Gallons per minute 125; available
flow,
D =1 difference
head
be-
to
produce
is
flow
0.55
foot.
As
in
temperature
the run of pipe
200 feet long, the

0.55
tween supply and return,
= height
or elevation of the heat-
head per hundred

foot.
feet
is
= 0.27
left
ing surface above
the boiler.
certain quantity of heating surface is located at an elevation of 50 feet above the boiler; what is the
Example.
page
head for producing flow through the supply riser if the drop in temperature between the supply and
available
gallons under a head of 0.27 foot calls for a pipe between 5 and 6 inches in diam21,
From the diagram to the we find that a flow of 125
on
eter, in
which case the larger
size
would
return
is
30 degrees?
H = 30 X
When
50
0.000365
= 0.55
foot.
probably be used. In case of forced circulation the mains should be of such size that the total head required to overcome the friction
will not exceed 50 feet, the usual range
on the same floor, the elevation h may be taken as the vertical distance between the center of the radiators and the center of the If it is equally distributed on boiler. several floors it may be taken as though it were all located upon the central floor. If unevenly distributed, the average elevation may be found by the equation
the radiation
is all
being from 30 to 50
of flow is usually
The feet. made from 5

sizes
velocity
feet per
(2 to
3
second
inches)
in
to
the smaller
10
feet
per second in the sizes (6 to 8 inches). larger
Brakes
diagram is presented band brakes. Directions for using the diagram are given on page 23 together with formulas and tables for use in band brake design.
22 a
for the designing of
On page
h
in
AX
ft a
G X h
feet of radiation
which A, B, and C are the square upon the several floors, and 7i ai 7i bj and h c the corresponding elevations of the radiators located upon
these floors.
On page
for
24 another set of formulas

is
band brakes
given and on page
25 a set of formulas for block brakes. Formulas for band and block brakes are
In computing the length of mains, provision must be made for the frictional resistance due to bends in the
pipe.
In
practice
it
is
customary to
consider an elbow equivalent to increasing the length of the pipe 60 diameters, and a return bend equivalent to 120
diameters.
not easily obtained, because many mechanical hand-books do not give any information on this subject. In order to supply a possible need in this direction, the formulas given have been comThese formulas are based on, and piled. in form with, the formulas for agree
these classes of brakes given in "Des Ingenieurs Taschenbuch," published by
the Hutte Association, Berlin, Germany. 'in any band brake, such as shown
Fig. 1, page 24, where the brake wheel rotates in a clockwise direction,
in
The
size of
main required
to supply
a heating system or group of heaters depends upon the square feet of radiation, the elevation above the boiler, the drop in temperature of the water in
passing through the radiators, and the
No. 20
BLOWERS
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18
No. 20
III
PERFORMANCE
BLOWER
OF
HORSEPOWER
AND
PRESSURE
VOLUME,
No. 20
BLOWERS
19
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No. 20
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No. 20
HOT WATER HEATING
21
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22

DIAGRAM FOR DESIGNING BAND BRAKES
I
No. 20
ARC OF CONTACT FOR/- 0.3
TENSIONS IN LOOSE END
OF STRAP AND AT END OF LEVER

1
ZJF 3' 3S '< 43' 5" 5*6 '6.5'
Contributed
by
C.
F.
Blake,
MACHINERY'S
Data Sheet No.
18.
Explanatory note:
Page
16.
No. 20
BAND BRAKES
23
OS
t-J
CO 1O OO CQ CO t>
<M'
OC
OO -^ t- C* 00
10* 10'
T-I
1O
fr-
TH
<M
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oo'
o co
l-S-fl
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set
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<u^^
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i? ii
2,
24
No. 20
FORMULAS FOR SIMPLE AND DIFFERENTIAL BAND BRAKES
F - force in pounds at end of brake handle,

P
e
JU.
tangential force in pounds af rim of brake whee/, base of natural logarithms - 2. 7/828,
-
coefficient of friction between the brake
band and
fhe bra/re >r6ee/,
ang^/e of contact of fhe brake band with the brake wheel, expressed m S7. 296 in rodfans (one radian = degrees),
,*>i0
(I)
Simple band brake (Fig./)
For clockwise rotation
For counter c/ockwise rotation:
^_
(Z)
bTi
Simple band brake ( Fig. 2) For clock w/'se rotation

:
For counter clockwise rotation:
r-**-%M
r =*l?-Pb(e^} a a (e^-il
(31
Differen t/'a/
band brake
(Fig. 3)
For clock wise rotation : ue b,T,_ P(bge -b,\
e-t
For counfer clockwise rotation:
a
the force
a\ e" -/
In this case, if bz is
equal to, or /ess than, b/ e , wi/l be O or negative and the band
M9
brake works automafical/y.

Differential
(4)
band brake
:
(Fig.
4)
For counter clockwise rotation:

If b? - b/,
both of fhe abore tormu/as reduce

/ri
F=
is
^JT (*#!/)
the
same
force
F
Fig. 4.
required forrofaf/on in either d/recf/'on.
Contributed by A. L. Campbell, MACHINERY'S Data Sh^
No.
KM.
Explanatory note:
Page
16.
No. 20
BLOCK BRAKES
FORMULAS FOR BLOCK BRAKES
25
F " force in pounds at eqct of brake hand/e,

P - tangent/a/ force in pounds atrim of brafte
JJL
-coefficient of friction between fhe brake b/ock
and brafee
(1)
Block brake (Fig.
I)
:
For rotation
in
either d/recfion
(2)
Block brake (Fig. 2)

/=-
M"~^^ a+b
**
a+b\M 2y
:
pb ff
C\
For counter clockwise rotation

Pb.fl +
c\
B/ock brake (Fig. 3)

For c/ockwise rotation
:
For counter c foekwise rofaf/dn :

a-f-b
a+b\M bJ
Ffg.3.
The brake whee/
and friction b/ock of fhe
block brake are often
grooved as shewn
by
F/g.
4..
//7
this case substitute for JLL in
the abore
equations fhe rcr/ue

/s
where
c\
one ha/f fhe angfe inc/uctect by

Fig. 4.
fhe faces
of fhe grooves.
Contributed by A. L. Campbell, MACHINERY'S Data Sheet No. 104.
Explanatory note
Page
16.
26
No. 20
O TH
i-H T-<
TH rH TH C? C3 03 C*
.y <y
co CO CC <*
"
Tj
IO
<N
cc
<M
co co co
IO
00 00 05 05
O O <N
O O 0000
*-*
'CO CO CO
OOOOO
'-H
OOOOO
v-
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OO
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r-l
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rH
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ooooooo O-^COCL'5CO' O 01 CO O <N

S>
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i-C
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lt>
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(M
CO CO
No. 20
WRENCHES
DIMENSIONS OF WRENCHES
II
27
15
=4
*S
28

The rotation
required.
1
.
No. 20
clockwise.
erf
the tension in that part of the band
is
Find force F
\
)
marked x equals
P
erf
1
F=
/
Pb
a
/
(
\erf
=
\
I/
-
The tension in that part marked y

equals
2.71828- 2X4
2X4
-
18
24
en*
\2.71828\3771828-
18
- I/
P
erf
1
2 71828 836
P = tangential
of
e
24
force in pounds at rim
2.71828
o 01
836
-!
brake wheel,
of
= base
natural
logarithms
=
The
value
16.16X
2.31
= 29.4.
1
2.71828,
= coefficient of friction between the

brake
wheel,
of
calculations for determining the erf are rather cumbersome,
band
of
and
of
the
brake brake
ex-
and the accompanying
= angle =
table is appended in order to save calculations.
contact
the
band with the brake wheel
TABLE OP VALUES OF e^.
pressed in radians (one radian 180 deg. 57.296 degrees).
a- la
7T
For simplicity in the sented, the tensions at x

tively,
formulas pre-
and y (Fig. 1, page 24) are denoted Tt and T2 respecfor
clockwise
rotation.
is
When
the direction of the rotation

,
the tension in x equals T 2 sion in y equals TM which is the reverse of the tension in the clockwise direction.
reversed, and the ten-
The value of the expression erf occuring in these formulas may be most easiThe ly solved by means of logarithms. value of erf is found by multiplying the logarithm of e by the product of
the numerical values of /* and 6, and finding the number whose logarithm is
equal to the result of this multiplication. The procedure may be best illustrated by an example. In a band brake of the type in Fig.
1, page and &
24,
dimension a
inches;
/A
= 24
or
pounds;
of
coefficient
contact
= 240
=
ir
force
0.2,
P = 100
inches,
and angle
degrees,
240
X
180
4.18.
No. 20
WRENCHES
DIMENSIONS OF BOX WRENCHES
29
Machinery, X.Y.
Bolt
Diam.
30

A. L. A. M.
No. 20
STANDARD YOKE AND ROD ENDS
L. A.
M. Sfavtfartf S0//& %/ce
and Eye
tfotf
Ends
LJL
/ imi-f- of Act/on Either D/rect/on
,
EyeC
0.43E
0.495
0.568
6 ?/
F
%.
Dri//
Pit?
0.403
0.465
/jfe
0.6 f/
0.559
0.62/
0.745
A.L.A. M. Standard
Pfr?
and
Wasfrer
>//?? er?s/0r?s
S/ze ftorf
M
A/
0.3/0
0.4 OJ
0.465
0.559
0.62/
&
P
X*
fa
4
T
MACHINERY'S Data Sheet No.
116.
Explanatory note
Page
44.
No. 20
A. L. A.
M.
AUTOMOBILE PARTS STANDARD SPARK PLUG AND YOKE AND ROD ENDS
31
No. 20
0) -1
_l
UJ CO
CQ
co
i>
i>
os
a>
o o o
r-t
TH
i->
z
oc
D
DC
CO
* z <
m
o
CO
DC UJ
UJ
<
No. 20
ROPE SOCKETS
STANDARD SOFT STEEL ROPE SOCKETS WITH
PIN.
Repe.
H
II
A
I
A A
I I
IS
21
21
2!
1A
If
A
I
HI
2
U
f
i!
HI
21
U
I
31
2A
2!
II
1
il
2A
21
3!
4
if
1A
2H
21
2!
2If
H
5
H
T.
41
41
31
11
II
11
31
11
4!
5
3A
31
1A
11
11
31
1A
Page
44.
Contributed by R. A. Greene, MACHINERY'S Data Sheet No. 30.
Explanatory note:
34
No. 20
:$:*#'&]
si.
Illâ
No. 20
DRAFTING-ROOM CONVENTIONS
35
36
No. 20
CD
or
iS
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? o
'
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No. 20
DRAFTING-ROOM CONVENTIONS
37
38
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CONVERSION TABLES
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42
No. 20
DECIMAL EQUIVALENTS OF MILLIMETERS,
No. 20
CONVERSION TABLES
43
co
u <
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44

'pages 26 and 27 tables are given ordinary wrenches. The table on
No. 20
On
for
page 26 is made up to conform to the standards adopted by the Engineering Standards Committee (Great Britain). On page 29 a table is given of box On pages 30 and 31 are wrenches. given tables of standard automobile details according to the standards adopted by the Association of Licensed Automobile Manufacturers. These tables include dimensions for standard solid yoke and eye-rod ends, standard pin and washer dimensions, standard spark plugs and standard adjustable yoke and
eye-rod ends.
screws and screw threads of different shown on page 35, and for pipe The fittings and riveting on page 36. conventions shown on page 37 are the standard conventions required on the United States Patent Office drawings. [MACHINERY'S Reference Series No. 2, Drafting-room Practice; No. 8, Working
types are
Drawings and Drafting-room Kinks; No. 33, Systems and Practice of the
Drafting-room.]
Conversion Tables
On page
38 tables are given of deci-
On page
eters of blanks for
32 a table is given of diamdrawn shells from
mal equivalents of fractions of an inch, and on page 39 decimal equivalents of a foot corresponding to inches and fractions of inches from to 12. Assume,
for example, that it is required to find the equivalent of 6 7/32 inches in decimals of a foot. Locate 7/32 in the left-
% x % to 6 ameter of the shell and its height are given the diameter of the required blank may be found in the body of the For example, assume that the table. diameter of the shell is to be 1% inch and the height of the shell 2 inches. By locating the diameter in the left-hand column, and the given height at the top, and following the horizontal line from the diameter until we reach the figure in the column headed by the height, we find that the diameter of the required blank is 3.78 inches. On page 33 dimensions are given for standard soft steel rope sockets with This table will be found convenpin.
x
6 inches.
When
the di-
hand column and follow the horizontal line until the column headed "6" is reached. The figures 5182 read off in this column are the decimals of a foot
corresponding to 6 7/32, or, in other words, 6 7/32 inches equals 0.5182 foot. On pages 40 and 41 tables are given for converting inches and fractions of inches into millimeters. Assume, for example, that it is required to find the equivalent of 5*4 inches in millimeters.
On page
40, locate
1/4 in the left-hand
column and follow the horizontal line until the column headed "5" is reached. The value 133.347 is the equivalent of
5 1/4 inches in millimeters, or, in other words, 5 1/4 inches equals 133.347 millimeters. On page 42 a table is given for conAsverting millimeters into inches. sume that it is required to convert 152 millimeters into inches. Locate the two first figures, "15," in the left-hand column and follow the horizontal line until the column headed "2" is reached. The value read off in this column, 5.9843, is the equivalent in inches of 152 millimeters, or, in other words, 152
ient by designers who may occasionally be required to lay out a steel rope
socket.
Drafting-room Conventions
On pages 34 to 37, inclusive, are shown a number of common draftingroom conventions. Of course, practice
differs
considerably in different drafting-rooms, but the methods shown indicate average practice. Conventional
forms for cross-sectioning for indicating materials and for representing breaks are shown on page 34. Conventions for
No. 20
PROPERTIES OF METALS
THTHTHTHO5COOOOCOTHOOOOOlOt~iOTHTi
I
45
x.
per
T* CO O O O CO Oi O CO O O O 05 iPound Dollar
IO "* CO O5
O O O O O O IO O O TH O5 CO O O IO O IO O r- O O TH O O
OOO 05^*105
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Appro
Value
05
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TH rH OS t> TH
O CO t-
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O "* CO -^ "*
OS
nsion
ngth
F.
E
Unit
per
Linear
per
Foot,
t~J>O
1O
Pounds
i
1005
IO
OSOO"* -H05
1-1 Tjl
CO ~H CO O5 CO TH
^HiocOO5O O iO IO O Tfi
*O -^ CO
CO
Weight
Cubic
p
Inc
Pounds
"* O5 "^ "3O OS CO CO O5 O5 OS "* CO IO OS 05 rH COO
IO O O5 00 CO ~ rH
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Weight Cubic
CO IO IO t- t- 00 CO
i
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OO
O5 CO CO OS O5
Specific Gravity
mic mbo
or
1
cs is
Ns
g
,
Metal
Composition
ismuth
Aluminum
Antimony Barium
46

IRON,
No. 20
AREAS AND WEIGHTS OF FILLETS OF STEEL, CAST
AND BRASS
No. 20
WEIGHTS OF FIL&ET& AREAS AND WEIGHTS OF FILLETSII

:
',
47
Radius
ff.
."
48
,N
;;:/:
;Y"*
^MACHINERY'S DATA SHEETS

On page
45 a table
io
No. 20
millimeters equals 5.9843 inches. If the equivalent of 6 millimeters is required, the value is read off in the top line of
the
table
in
given of specific
gravity, weight per cubic inch, weight [MAper cubic foot, etc., of metals.
the
column headed "6";

is
hence, 6 millimeters
0.2362 inches.
in the
found
to
equal
CHINERY'S Reference Series No. 52, Advanced Shop Arithmetic for the Machinist, Chapter X, Specific Gravity and Weights of Bar Stock and Castings.]
By arranging the table manner shown, it is possible to make it more compact and to include
the values in inches corresponding to all whole numbers up to and including 499 millimeters. On page 43 a metric conversion table
Areas and Weights of

it is
Fillets
In estimating the w'eight of a casting
not usual to
fillets
lor
make any allowance and round corners. They
given including weight, linear measure, square measure, and cubic measure. A miscellaneous table is also given for the conversion of compound units.
is
much
generally are so small as to not make difference in the final result, and are quite likely to balance each other as well. That is to say, the weight that would have to be added if the fillet were
Specific Gravity
The expression "specific gravity" indicates how many times a certain vol-
taken into account will ordinarily just about balance that which would have
to be subtracted
if
ume
for
of a material is heavier than
an
corners were
considered.
the rounding of the In castings,
equal volume of water. If it is found, example, that one cubic inch of steel weighs 7.8 times as much as one cubic inch of pure water, the specific
gravity of steel
of
is 7.8.
however, where rounds of large radii

are used either for corners or edges it often becomes necessary to take them
into account.
As the density
at
water
differs
slightly
different
On pages 46 and 47 a table of the areas and weights of fillets of steel, cast
iron and brass is given. This table has been computed in order to make it easy to calculate the weight of castings having large fillets. If the radius of the fillet, for example, equals ^4 inch, then the area of the fillets is 0.0134
temperatures, it is usual to make comparisons on the basis that the water has a temperature of 62 degrees F. The weight of one cubic inch of pure water
62 degrees F. is 0.0361 pound. If the specific gravity of any material is known, the weight of a cubic inch of
at
the
material can, therefore, be found

its
by multiplying
0.0361.
specific
gravity
of
by
cast
The
specific
gravity
square inch, and if made of cast iron, the weight per inch length of a fillet of If the fillet this area is 0.0035 pound. is part of a straight piece it is only
of the
The weight iron, for example, is 7.2. of one cubic inch of cast iron is found
by multiplying
uct,
0.260,
is
necessary to multiply the total length fillet by the value just obtained,
in order to obtain the total weight.
If
The prod7.2 by 0.0361. the weight of one cubic
the
inch of cast iron. If the weight of a cubic inch of a material is known, the specific gravity is found by dividing the weight per cubic inch by 0.0361. The weight of a
cubic inch of gold
specific
is 0.697
part of a cylindrical piece, it is necessary to find the mean radius, or the radius of the center of gravity
fillet
is
of
the
fillet
section,
and
to
calculate
the circumference of the circle passing through this center of gravity. The
pound.
The
gravity of gold is then found by dividing 0.697 by 0.0361. The quotient, 19.32, is the specific gravity of
gold.
length of this circumference multiplied by the weight per inch or per foot then [MACHINERY, gives the total weight. July, 1906, Estimating Weights of Fillets and Round Corners.]
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Fans, Ventilation and Heating.

illg.
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De-
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struction
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rills.
Modern Punch and Die
strm No.
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20 Wiring Diagrams, Heating Ventilation and Miscellaneous Tables

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20 Wiring Diagrams, Heating Ventilation and Miscellaneous Tables

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MACHINERY'S DATA SHEETS

Wiring Diagrams Heating and Ventilation

MACHINERY'S DATA SHEET SERIES

WIRING DIAGRAMS, HEATING AND

tables given apply only

to fans discharging into free air.

In the case of schools, churches,

where shallow heaters are used,

feet per minute, there should be duction of about 40 per cent.

capacity, weight copper wire.

Page 11 gives current densities for

Hospitals High schools Grammar schools Theatres and halls

Speed, Horsepower and Capacity of Centrifugal Fans

and 13 tables are given between speed, horse-

Volume, Pressure and Horsepower of Blowers

(Continued on page 14.)

.^.^MACHINERY'S DATA SHEETS

MACHINERY'S DATA SHEETS

Pill! Vfell & I

^ >u Sg.s'SS^. ~<S S S<

MACHINERY'S DATA SHEETS

ROUND COPPER WIRE.

ROUND COPPER WIRE

MACHINERY'S DATA SHEETS

MACHINERY'S DATA SHEETS

AND CAPACITY OF CENTRIFUGAL FANS

MACHINERY'S DATA SHEETS

moved under a low head, the motion

The third diagram

for the usual range of velocity

made up and head

employed in forced hot water circulation actuated by means of a pump. In

cases the capacities lengths of 100 feet.

feet of heating surface,

temperature of water (com-

monly taken as 160 degrees).

and gas for pressures varying to 12 pounds per square inch.

(Continued on page 16.)

OOOOO OOOOO OOOOO OOOOO OO O to O to O to O OOOOO OOOO N N to co ON O tovo tovo

M O O PJVOCOCOON OPIOONON O MCQtopi ON OcOMCOo row ONO Tf ro

QCOCO >OOO MONt^tOCO OONCNQNON

-^-ONCiCNVOvor^co ^OtocoO COvOn-PlO M M M

tOO"-" COPIO ONON O

VOCN o>or^i-iLr> roONtoioo r^^Tf HHON t^.vO T COi-HOOOCO VOOrlOOoocot^r^

OOOO OOOOO OOOOO

OOOOO OOOOO OOOOO

to >o t^ O to CO O Tf ro ro CO O 00 roO Tf o CO' ON ON ON ONCO CO

d M 10 M ONOO PI ONO Tf M Q> IO Tf Tf Tf Tf CO

OO OO r^vo OOOOO OOOOO OOOOO

OOvOtOTfro cocoPlTfio ro PI HI o ON CO r^vo to Tf OVDVO vovovovOto to>ototoio

ONCO oo t^oo CO I^VO >O Tf

o"o" S~cf o"

OOOO OOOOO OOOOO ooooo CO tov M N

O O O Tf NOON 10 O MQOr^Tf tocO r^.vo to TfTfTfPOCO COPOPIPIPIN

MACHINERY'S DATA SHEETS

The head to produce found by the equation

the run of pipe

200 feet long, the

tween supply and return,

or elevation of the heat-

head per hundred

ing surface above

From the diagram to the we find that a flow of 125

00 vO -n\O O\ fOO ON N VO ON N O r^ t^ r^oo 00 vo \o O