Biology Final Exam Review 1st Semester 100 Multiple Choice Chapter #1 The Science of Biology 1.

Define Science 2. Goals of Science (what is the study of science based on? What does science seek to do?) 3. Scientific Method Definitions of each step Be able to read a description of an experiment & identify each step Distinguish between controls & variables Characteristics of living things List and know significance of each 4. Light microscope Structure & function of microscope parts Distinguish between compound & stereoscope Calculation of total magnification Chapter #2 Chemistry of Life 1. Carbon compounds 2. Carbohydrates/lipids/nucleic acids/proteins Define monomer What are the monomers for each macromolecule? What are some of the roles of these macromolecules in the cell? 3. Structure of Enzymes & their role in Chemical Reactions Function of enzymes Define activation energy. How do enzymes influence it? Distinguish between substrate & active site Chapter #3 & #4 Biosphere, Ecosystems, & Communities Define ecology Levels of organizations Distinguish between biomes, ecosystems, communities, populations, and species Niche Energy flow Ultimate source of energy in an ecosystem comes from? Distinguish between photosynthesis & chemosynthesis Distinguish between heterotrophs & autotrophs. Give examples of each. Food chains and Food webs Distinguish between FC & FW Define/examples of herbi/carni/omnivore Ecological pyramids Name the trophic levels What happens to the amount of energy available at each trophic level Symbiosis Distinguish between mutualism/commensalism/parasitism Cycles of Matter (water, nitrogen, phosphorus and carbon) Definition for each Know the basics of how each works

Succession primary & secondary Climate Distinguish between weather & climate. Give examples. Biotic vs. abiotic factors Definition & examples & how do they affect ecosystems Chapter #5 & #6 Populations & Humans in the Biosphere Population growth Immigration & emigration Distinguish between exponential growth and logistic growth Community interactions (i.e. Predation, Parasitism, etc.) Define & give examples Limiting factors Definition & examples & how do they affect population size Distinguish between density dependent & density independent Influences of human activity on the environment Fossil fuels/greenhouse gases/acid rain/deforestation/intensive farming/eutrophication Dust Bowl causes Ways that we can decrease our footprint on the environment Introduced Species How does biomagnifications affect populations? Chapter #7A Cell Structure & Function Cell History Identify the parts of cell theory Identify the scientists that contributed to the cell theory Prokaryotic vs. Eukaryotic Definitions & examples All cell organelles Identify structures Name functions Plant vs. Animal cells Recognize shape differences Know which organelles are found in plants cells only, animal cells only, and both Explain the difference in the way cytokinesis is accomplished in each Levels of Organization cell, tissue, organ, organ system Chapter #7B Movement of Materials through Cell Membrane Structure of cell membrane What is it made of? What are the functions of each component? Active vs. Passive transport Which one requires energy? Why is the energy needed or not needed? Distinguish between diffusion, facilitated diffusion, and osmosis Hypotonic, hypertonic, isotonic solutions Definitions What happens to cell size/water movement when placed in each type of solution Exocytosis, endocytosis, phagocytosis, pinocytosis Cell specialization

Chapter #8 Photosynthesis History Identify the scientists & their contribution to our understanding of photosynthesis Reactants & products Know the chemical equation. Identify the reactants/products Autotrophs & heterotrophs Light & dark reaction Name the pigments & their colors. Why do they appear the color they do? What implication does this have on photosynthesis? Distinguish between light & dark reactions? Where do each occur? What are major events that happen in each? Label the parts of a chloroplast. ATP What is it? What is its purpose? What is its chemical structure like? Where is the energy stored within the structure? What is the ADP/ATP cycle? What is its significance? Chapter #9 Cellular Respiration Stages of Cellular Respiration Distinguish between aerobic & anaerobic respiration List the steps/stages in sequence List the major events that occur in each stage Reactants & products Know the chemical equation & identify the reactants/products Glycolysis Where does it occur? What happens during it? What are the reactants/products? Fermentation What are the 2 types? What are the reactants/products? When does it occur? What is its purpose? Chapter #10 & 11.4 Cell Growth & Division Terminology (i.e. chromatin, chromosomes, etc.) Define chromatin, chromosomes, centromere, chromatids, homologous, spindles, centrioles, tetrad Mitosis Purpose, Stages, Type of cells produced/uses this process Meiosis Purpose, Stages, Type of cells produced Limits to growth Why must cells divide? (multiple reasons) Regulating cell cycle Name 3 ways that the cycle is regulated What is cancer and how is it related to cell cycle regulation?