Pusat Tuisyen Arena Gemilang 2013 (KSSM _Formulation)

Name: Subject : Physics Form 5 Subtopic: Chapter: 1 (Waves)

2013 Pusat Tuisyen Arena Gemilang Disclaimer: . No part of this document may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of the Pusat Tuisyen Arena Gemilang. The puspose of this worksheet is to let students learn by Problem Based Learning (PBL) that insist the students to explore the concept of self-directed learning.

Why we learn waves and how interesting would it be ? One day a Lisa was watching her favourite programme in Astro. After some while, it started to rain and she receive a message from the astro transmission on the signal is currently not available. She was frustrated and approach you for help on the cause of this problem. Your task as a physics student, you have to help Lisa on why the transmission return error when raining .

Oups!! What Happen Why theres an interruption in Signal

To tackle this issue today you will learn the following aspects: What is a wave? How was being produced and travel? Types of waves ? What are wave fronts ? The properties of wave such as speed, amplitude, wavelength , frequency and period? Damping and resonance ? Reflection on light, water and sound waves as well as their application? Overview of todays problem:
Satellite

Lisa House

Physics Form 5 (Batch 2013)

Pusat Tuisyen Arena Gemilang

Page 1

Pusat Tuisyen Arena Gemilang 2013 (KSSM _Formulation)

What is a wave ? Waves are generated by oscillating/vibrating systems. An oscillation is the back-and-forth movement of an oscillating system through a fixed path.

Example of waves: Light waves Are produced as a result of vibrations of electrons in an atom Sound waves. Water waves Are produced by vibrating mechanical bodies such as a guitar strings or a tuning fork. Are produced by a disturbance on a still water surface

How do waves transfer energy? When energy is transferred by a wave from a vibrating source to a distant receiver, there is no transfer of matter between the two points. When the string is shaken up and down, a disturbance moves along the length of the string. It is the disturbance that moves along the length of the string, not parts of the string itself.

Drop a stone in a quite pond. It will produce a wave that moves out from the center in expanding circles. It is the disturbance that moves, not the water. After the disturbance passes, the water is where it was before the wave was produced .

The string and water is the medium through which wave energy travels. Type of wave:

Physics Form 5 (Batch 2013)

Pusat Tuisyen Arena Gemilang

Page 2

Pusat Tuisyen Arena Gemilang 2013 (KSSM _Formulation)

Wave fronts ? Wave fronts are the lines or surfaces connecting the particles moving at the same phase and are at the same distance from a wave source. Wave fronts are always perpendicular to the direction of propagation. The wavefronts of a transverse wave and longitudinal wave are perpendicular to the direction of propagation of the waves.

Please Label the wave fronts ?

Is it circular or lane wavefront?

Amplitude, Period and Frequency and Wavelength Amplitude Period Maximum displacement of an object from its equilibrium Position Time taken for a particle to make one complete oscillation

Frequency

Number of complete oscillations in one second (unit Hertz (Hz))

Wavelength

The distance between two adjacent points of the same phase on a wave.

Physics Form 5 (Batch 2013)

Pusat Tuisyen Arena Gemilang

Page 3

Pusat Tuisyen Arena Gemilang 2013 (KSSM _Formulation)

Let us analyse a simple pendulum and a weighted spring. (Classroom Experiment) Simple Pendulum Weighted Spring

Sequence of complete oscillation:

Sequence of complete oscillation:

Please Draw all the properties of wave in the space provided below: Displacement-distance graph of a Wave Displacement-time graph of a wave

Relationship between Speed(v),Wavelength() and the frequency. v=f

Damping and resonance : Damping is the decrease in the amplitude of an oscillating system when its energy is drained out as heat energy. The amplitude of an oscillating system will gradually decrease and become zero when the oscillation stops.

Physics Form 5 (Batch 2013)

Pusat Tuisyen Arena Gemilang

Page 4

Pusat Tuisyen Arena Gemilang 2013 (KSSM _Formulation)

What causes damping ? External damping of the system is the loss of energy to overcome frictional forces or air resistance. Internal damping is the loss of energy due to the extension and compression of the molecules in the system.

Resonance: Resonance occurs when a system is made to oscillate at a frequency equivalent to its natural frequency by an external force. The resonating system oscillates at its maximum amplitude. Experiment in Bartons pendulum The frequency of a simple pendulum depends on the length of the pendulum. In Bartons pendulum experiment, there are many pendulums tied to the rope. Two of the pendulum are of the same length When pendulum B oscillates, all the other pendulums are forced to oscillate. But pendulum D oscillates with the largest amplitude, ie, pendulum D resonates

How does resonance occur in the two pendulum of equal length? Pendulum B and pendulum D are of the same length. Frequency B = Frequency D Therefore, pendulum B causes pendulum D to oscillate at its natural frequency. Good Effects of resonance The tuner in a radio or television enables us to select the programmes we are interested. The circuit in the tuner is adjusted until resonance is achieved, at the frequency transmitted by a particular station selected. Hence a strong electrical signal is produced. The loudness of music produced by musical instruments such as the trumpet and flute is the result of resonance in the air. Bad Effects of Resonance A bridge can collapse when the amplitude of its vibration increases as a result of resonance.

Tacoma Bridge Collapse http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3mclp9QmCGs

Physics Form 5 (Batch 2013)

Pusat Tuisyen Arena Gemilang

Page 5

Pusat Tuisyen Arena Gemilang 2013 (KSSM _Formulation)

Exercises: In an experiment, Aziz observes that a simple pendulum completes 30 oscillation in 48.0 seconds. What is the period of oscillation and frequency of oscillation? The figure below shows the displacementtime graph of the oscillation of mass on a spring.

A graph shows a wave produced by a slinky spring vibrating at frequency 8 Hz. What is the amplitude,wavelength and speed ?

A mass on a spring oscillates with a frequency of 4Hz. What is the time taken by the mass to complete 120 oscillation A dipper produces a plane waves in a ripple tank at a rate of x waves per second. The wavelength of the plane waves is cm . What is the wavelength of the plane waves if the dipper produces 2x waves per second? A system is oscillating at its natural frequency in a vacuum. What happen to the oscillating system after two hours ? The figure below shows a circular waves pattern and the distance between K and L is 12cm so what is the wavelength of water waves ?

K
12cm

Physics Form 5 (Batch 2013)

Pusat Tuisyen Arena Gemilang

Page 6