The purpose of the process analysis essay is to give instructions or explain how something is done. Three elements are essential to the successful writing of this type of essay. First, there must be a carefully constructed sequence of steps that completely covers the entire process. All must be included and placed in the right order. Next, each step must contain enough detail and illustration to be understandable to the reader. Finally, the steps must be joined with appropriate transitions and include key words that create coherence and unity. There are two types of process essays: directional and informational. The directional essay outlines precise steps that must be followed to perform a task. An example would be the process of changing a tire. The informational essay explains how an object or process works, either now or in the past. For example, an informational essay might describe how a steam locomotive worked in the 19th century, or how monorail trains work today.
might include a paragraph on the science that underlies the way the train moves on a cushion of air and the electrical system that propels it. You might continue with a paragraph on the mechanical parts involved in this movement. A third paragraph might outline the way the train accelerates and decelerates, and so on. Again, make sure all steps are included and are presented in a logical sequence. In both types of process essays, include appropriate transitions words such as "first," "next," "following that," "Finally," and so forth.