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Code No: A109210206/R09 II B.Tech. I Semester Examinations

May/June - 2012 ELECTRICAL MACHINES-I

( Electrical and Electronics Engineering)

Set-1
Max. Marks: 75

Time: 3 Hours Answer any FIVE Questions All Questions carry equal marks --1. The -I relationship for an electromagnetic system is given by =
1

3i 2 where g is the air gap length. Determine the g

mechanical force on the moving part when the current in the exciting coil is 5 A and gap length is 1 cm using co-energy of the system. Verify the result using energy of the system. [15] 2. (a) (b) Determine the magnetic force from energy. A 4-pole, wave wound 750 r.p.m, shunt generator has armature and field resistance of 0.4 and 200 respectively. The armature has 720 conductors and the flux/pole is 29 mWb. If the load resistance is 10 , determine the terminal voltage of the machine. [8+8] Explain the function of commutator in a D.C machine. Determine the coil span and the number of commutator segments of an 8 pole simple lap winding having 128 slots double layer winding with 3 coil sides/layer with single turn coils. [7+8] Give a brief notes on methods of excitation of D.C generators. The terminal voltage of D.C generator reduces uniformly from 250 V on open circuit to 238 V when delivering a current of 60 A. It is connected to a load in parallel with a battery having a constant e.m.f of 245 V and a resistance of 0.1 . What is the current supplied by the generator when the total load current is 100 A? [8+7] Explain the parallel operation of D.C shunt generators. Two shunt generators A and B are connected to a common load. A has a constant e.m.f of 400 V and internal resistance of 0.25 while B has a constant e.m.f of 410 V and an internal resistance of 0.4 . Calculate the current and power output from each generator if the load voltage is 390 V. What would be the current and power from each? What would be the terminal voltage if the load was open circuited? [7+8] Explain various characteristics of D.C series motors. A 4-pole D.C series motor has wave connected winding with 600 conductors. Total resistance of motor is 0.8 . When fed from 250 V D.C source, the motor supplies a load of 10 kW and takes 50 A with a flux/pole of 3 mWb. For these operating conditions, calculate the developed torque and shaft torque. [7+8] Explain with neat sketch the operation of three point starter. A 240 V shunt motor has an armature current of 15 A when running at 800 r.p.m against full load torque. The armature resistance is 0.6 . What resistance must be inserted in series with the armature to reduce the speed to 400 r.p.m at same torque and what will be the speed if the load torque is halved with this resistance in the circuit? Assume the flux to remain constant throughout. [7+8] Explain about efficiency of transformer. Derive condition for maximum efficiency. For a 400 V long shunt compound generator, the constant loss, comprising of excitation and no-load losses is 10 kW. The resistances of the armature, series and shunt field windings are 0.1 , 0.05 and 50 respectively. Find the maximum efficiency and the output at which it occurs.

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Code No: A109210206/R09 II B.Tech. I Semester Examinations

May/June - 2012 ELECTRICAL MACHINES-I

( Electrical and Electronics Engineering)

Set-2
Max. Marks: 75

Time: 3 Hours Answer any FIVE Questions All Questions carry equal marks --1.

Stator and rotor windings of an electromechanical device have self and mutual inductance of L11 = 2.4 H, L22 = 2 H and L12 = (i) (ii) (iii) (a) (b)

2 cos H where is the angle between the axes of the two windings. The winding resistance may be ignored.
Find the average torque acting on the rotor for a fixed rotor angle. Calculate the average torque for = 30. What is the angle for the torque to be zero and torque to be maximum? At what angle will the rotor come to a stable equilibrium position? [15] Discuss about multiply excited magnetic field systems. A 4-pole armature of a D.C machine is wound with 564 conductors and is driven at 800 r.p.m. The flux/pole is 20 mWb. The current in each conductor is 60 A. Calculate the total current, the e.m.f and the electrical power generated in the armature if the conductors are connected in wave form. [7+8] Explain how armature reaction occurs in a D.C generator and the effect it has on the flux distribution of the machine. A 4-pole wave wound D.C generator has 880 armature conductors and delivers 100 A. The brushes are shifted through 9 electrical degrees from the geometric neutral axis. Calculate, (i) Cross-magnetizing AT/pole (ii) The additional field current required for neutralizing the demagnetization totally if the field winding has 1000 turns/pole. [7+8] Briefly explain the classification of self excited D.C generators. A 4-pole compound generator has armature, series field and shunt field resistances of 1, 0.5 and 100 respectively. This generator delivers 4 kW at a terminal voltage of 200 V. Allowing 1 V per brush for contact, calculate, (i) The generated e.m.f and (ii) The flux per pole if the armature has 200 lap connected conductors and is driven at 750 r.p.m. [7+8]

The stator winding is fed with a current of i = 10 2 sint while the rotor winding is short circuited.

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Explain the parallel operation of D.C series generators. Two shunt generators running in parallel share a load of 100 kW equally at a terminal voltage of 230 V. On noload, their voltage rises to 240 V and 245 V respectively. Assuming that their characteristics are rectilinear, find how they would share the total load when the total load current is reduced to half of its original value? Also find the new terminal voltage. [5+10] Explain the various characteristics of D.C shunt motors. Mention the applications of D.C shunt motors. A 5 kW, 250 V D.C shunt motor takes no-load armature current of 4 A at rated voltage and runs at 1200 r.p.m. The armature circuit resistance is 0.4 and the field resistance is 250 . At rated load and rated weakens voltage, the motor takes 2A and the armature reaction weakens the field flux by 2%. Calculate the full load speed and the corresponding electromagnetic torque of the motor. [7+8]

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S.10
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Spectrum ALL-IN-ONE Journal for Engineering Students, 2012 Explain with neat sketch, the operation of four point starter. A 460 V series motor runs at 500 r.p.m taking a current of 40 A. Calculate the speed and percentage change in torque if the load is reduced so that the motor is taking 30 A. Total resistance of the armature and field circuits is 0.8 . Assume the flux and field current to be proportional. [8+7] Explain Hopkinsons test. The Hopkinsons test on two D.C shunt machines gave the following results for full load, Line voltage 250 V, line current 45 A excluding field currents, motor armature current 385 A, field currents 5 A and 4 A. Calculate the efficiency of each machine. Armature resistance of each machine is 0.015 . [7+8]

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Code No: A109210206/R09 II B.Tech. I Semester Examinations

May/June - 2012 ELECTRICAL MACHINES-I

( Electrical and Electronics Engineering)

Set-3
Max. Marks: 75

Time: 3 Hours Answer any FIVE Questions All Questions carry equal marks --1. (a) (b) Derive an expression for stored energy in terms of the energy density of the magnetic field.

In a rectangular electromagnetic relay, the exciting coil has 10000 turns. Cross sectional area of the core is 5 cm 5 cm. Neglect the reluctance of the magnetic circuits and fringing effects. Calculate maximum force on armature if saturation flux density in the iron part is 1.8 T. Take the current in the coil as 1 A. [8+7] Discuss about energy balance.

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The armature of a 2 pole 200 V generator has 400 conductors and runs at 300 r.p.m. Calculate the useful flux per pole. If the number of turns in each field coil is 1200, what is the average value of e.m.f induced in each coil on breaking the field if the flux dies away completely in 0.1 seconds. [7+8] Explain what is meant by demagnetization.

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A 500 V, 4-pole, wave wound, 750 r.p.m D.C shunt generator supplies a load of 195 A. The armature has 720 conductors and shunt field resistance is 100 . Find the demagnetizing AT/Pole if the brushes are given an actual lead of 10 at this load. Also calculate the extra shunt field turns required to neutralize the demagnetization. [5+10] Define critical field resistance. What are the causes for the causes for the failure of self excitation in D.C generators? In a 220 V compound generator, the armature series and shunt windings have resistance of 0.25 , 0.15 and 50 respectively. The load consists of 100 lamp, each rated at 60 W, 220 V. Find the total e.m.f and armature current when the machine is connected for, Short shunt

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(i) (ii) 5. (a) (b)

Long shunt. [7+8] Explain the parallel operation of compound generators. Five similar D.C shunt generators with an armature resistance of 0.1 each are operating in parallel, running at the same speed with equal induced e.m.fs and share a total load of 250 kW equally at a terminal voltage of 500 V. If the field current of one generator is raised by 5%, the other remaining unchanged, calculate the power output of each machine and their terminal voltages under this condition. Assume that the speed remains constant and flux is proportional to field current. [7+8] Explain the various characteristics of D.C compound motors. Give the applications of compound motors. A shunt motor operating on 230 V takes an armature current of 6 A at no-load and runs at 1200 r.p.m. Take armature resistance as 0.25 . Find the speed and electromagnetic torque when the armature takes 36 A with the same flux. [7+8]

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Explain the armature voltage control of D.C motors. The output power of a shunt motor running on a 250 V supply is 20 kW. Calculate the value of the starting resistance necessary to limit the starting current to 1.5 times the full load current if the full load efficiency of the motor is 88% and the resistance of the armature circuit is 0.2 . Neglect the shunt current. [5+10] Explain about the retardation test on D.C machine. A retardation test is made on a separately excited machine as a motor. The induced voltage falls from 240 V to 225 V in 25 second on opening the armature circuit and in 6 seconds on suddenly changing the armature connection supply to a load resistance taking 10 A. Find the efficiency of the machine when running as a motor and taking a current of 25 A on a supply of 250 V. The resistance of it armature is 0.4 and that of its field winding is 250 . [7+8]

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Code No: A109210206/R09 II B.Tech. I Semester Examinations

May/June - 2012 ELECTRICAL MACHINES-I

( Electrical and Electronics Engineering)

Set-4
Max. Marks: 75

Time: 3 Hours Answer any FIVE Questions All Questions carry equal marks --1. (a) (b) Derive the expressions for magnetic force and torque from energy.

k3 k1 k2 , L12 = and L22 = where x is the air gap at each x x x end of the armature, which is free at both ends. Find expression for force on the armature if i1 = I1 sin1t, i2 = I2 sin2t. Write an expression for the average force. [8+7]

A rectangular electromagnetic relay has two coils L11 =

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Explain the term co-energy.

Calculate the number of conductors required on the simplex wave wound armature of 6 pole generator to generate an e.m.f of 500 V at a speed of 750 r.p.m, when the flux/pole is 0.02 Wb. Also calculate the e.m.f generated when the speed is 1000 r.p.m for the same value of useful flux/pole. [5+10] Explain the difficulties of commutation in D.C generators. What methods are used to overcome these difficulties? A 100 kW, 6 pole d.c shunt generator has a lap wound armature of 600 conductors. If the brushes are given an actual lead of 10, determine the demagnetizing and distorting AT/pole. The shunt field winding has a resistance of 50 . [7+8] Define critical speed. What are the remedial measures to be taken for the failure of self excitation in D.C generators? The resistance of field circuit of D.C shunt generator is 200 . When the output of the generator is 100 kW, the terminal voltage is 500 V and the generator e.m.f is 525 V. Calculate, (i) The armature resistance

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(ii) The value of the generator e.m.f when the output if 60 kW is the terminal voltage is 520 V. [8+7] 5. (a) (b) What is load sharing? Explain. Two shunt generators are running in parallel to supply a load current of 2000 A. When machines have armature resistance of 0.04 and 0.025 , field resistances of 25 and 20 , induced e.m.fs of 440 and 420 V respectively, determine the output of each machine. [7+8] Explain the mechanical characteristics of compound motors. Define the terms armature reaction and commutation with respect to D.C motors. A 4-pole, 250 V D.C shunt motor has lap connected 960 conductors. The flux per pole is 20 mWb. Determine the torque developed by the armature and the useful torque when current taken by the motor is 32 A. The armature resistance is 0.1 and shunt field resistance is 125 . The rotational losses of the machine amount to 825 W. [8+7]

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Explain the field flux methods of speed control in D.C motors. A 220 V, 1500 r.p.m D.C motor has full-load armature current of 30 A. It is proposed to design a starter which restricts the maximum armature current during starting to 60 A. For design purposes, the minimum current during starting is to be restricted to 30 n A, the series resistance in the armature circuit being cut in steps whenever the current falls to 30 A. Assuming that the armature resistance of the D.C motor is 0.5 , calculate the maximum series resistance used in the starter and the amount of resistance cut during each of the first two steps. [5+10] Explain a test for separation of stray losses in a D.C motor. The iron losses in a D.C generator when driven at normal speed and at normal excitation are 8 kW. When driven at half speed and the same excitation, the loss is reduced to 3 kW. Determine the values of the eddy current and hysteresis loss at half speed and at full speed. [7+8]

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