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Week 7th The upper limb, we ll see the development of the elbow week 8th end fingers of the toes are well developed and separated separation through apoptosis Supply of thelimbs by the intersegmental artery Primary axial artery o Brachial artery supplies the arm Primary axial artery Radial artery Ulnar artery Anterior radial artery Ulnar artery Lower limbs, primary axial artery o Supplies the lower limb primary axial artery will give rise to the deep artery of the thigh (profunda femoris) Anterior tibial artery of the leg Muslces are developed also from the mesoderm , somites

Nervous system Begins the neurulation process 1st notochorda, overlying ectoderm differentiates into the Neuroectoderm Neuroectoderm will form the neural plate Neural plate will fold and gives rise to the neural tube o Open at both ends, cranial (anterior neuroport) posterior neuroport o These two endings are open but at the end of the 4th week they are both closed, first anterior and then posterior neuroport Cranial part will give rise to the adult brain Caudal part will give rise to the spinal cord Notochord induces overlying ectoderm to form the neurcotderm , neural plate, > neural tube Neural plate cells differentiate into neural crest cells

o Located in two collumns on two side sof the neural tube,and ive rise to differente structes since they migrate through the body of the embryo Neural crest, neural tube folds, the cells differentiate

Development of the Brain Figure 17.18 Begins around 3rd week Brain can divided then in 3 vesicles o Foprebrain ( prosenceephalon) o Midbrain o Hindbain (rhmbocenecephalon) Further differentiate o Forebrain Telecenphalon Diencephalon o Mesenchepahlon Hindrbtrain o Metencephalon o Myelecenphalon Diencephalon o Thalamus o Epithalalums o Hypothalamus o Neurophyss o Etc Pituitary gland o Adenphypophysis o Neurohypophysis Mesencephalon remains Flexures 2 o Cranial flexure at the level of the ( in between the forebrain and the hindbrain) mesenchephalon

Cervical flexure is at the level of the rhombocenephalon , beginning of the spinal cord Later on 3rd flexure o Pontine flexure in between the metencephalon and the myelecenphalon

Diencephalon 17.23 telecenpahlon diencephalon rhombocenephalon spina cord o pituitary gland has two different origins ectoderm of the stomodeum > hypophysel diverticulum (raphe pouch) formed on the roof of the head neurohypophysela diverticulum that originates from the infundibulum neurohypophysal diverticulum (overlying hypophysela) connection with the oral cavity infundibulum median eminence posterior log (pars nervosa) Adenohypophysis _ glandular part Formed by the anterior lobe Part tuberalis Pars intermedia Neurphypophysis nervous part

Figure 17.15 Spina cord development o From the caudal eminence and the posterior aprt of the neural tube o Primitive streak

o Lateral walls of the neural tube thickens and becomes the sulcus limitans, and separate the alar sensory plate from the basal motor plate o Month 4th myelinization process in the NCS by the oligodedrocytes Schawann cells Schawwn cells come from the neural crest cells (melanocytes too) Cranial nerves (17.43) Cn 5 comes from the 1st pharyngeal arch o Trigeminal nerve CN VII facial nerve CN 9 - Glossopharyngeal nerve - crnial3pa CN 11 spinal branch CN 12 hypoglossal nerve CN 6 abducens CN 11- spinal accesory o

11/14/2012 12:34:00 PM

11/14/2012 12:34:00 PM