AMPLITUDE MODULATION

The amplitude of a carrier signal which is of high frequency is varied by a low frequency modulating signal. Why modulation? We take course to modulation for the following reasons: To reduce the size of the antenna : To avoid mixing of signals To increase the range of communication To improve quality of reception

What is modulation? In radio communications, modulation refers to the combination of signals, such as voice and electromagnetic waves. What is baseband signal: A baseband signal is the information signal which has to be transmitted. What is baseband transmission? Baseband transmission refers to the transmission of the information signal by a medium directly. THE TIME DOMAIN OF THE AMPLITUDE MODULATION: Let us assume we have a signal which is a sine wave is the following form Information signal: Am (COS2fMt) Carrier signal: Accos(2fct) How is modulation done? We multiply the carrier and the information signal together: And this gives us the standard signal of the form: Ac [1+K Am(t)] cos(2fct)

Some formulae which have to be known are the power relation with modulation index.

Pc = Ac2/2R Pt= Ac2/2R+Ac2M2/4R Amplitude modulation wave can be generated in two waves : (1) square law modulator and (2) switching modulator. SQUARE LAW MODULATOR