sotalol toxicity

ibutilide toxicity

amiodorone toxicity

bretylium toxicity

torsades

torsades, excessive beta-block

new arrhythmias, hypotension

hypothyrodism/hyperthyrodism, pulmonary fibrosis, hepatic toxicity, corneal deposits, skin deposits (photodermatitis), neurologic defects, constipation, bradycardia, heart block, chf

what 3 tests to do before using amiodarone?

name 2 class IV antiarrhytmics

what are class IV antiarrhythmics used for

mechanism for class IV antiarrhythmics

verapamil, diltiazem

PFT, LFT, TFT

blocks Ca channels; affect AV nodal cells, decrease conduction velocity, incrase ERP, increase PR.

prevent nodal arryhtmias (SVT)

what are 4 general side effects for class IV

bepridil toxicity

potassium function

adenosine function

torsades

constipation, flushing, edema, cv (chf, av block, sinus node depression)

hyperpolarizes cells by facilitating K movement out of cells. drug of depress ectopic pacemaker, esp in choice in diagnosing/abolishing AV dig toxicity nodal arryhtmias

magnesium function

what are the adverse effects of nifedipine and verapamil? (5)

what is the first-line treatment of hypertension in pregnancy?

adverse effects of Diazoxide?

dizziness, flushing, nausea (verapamil also has constipation and AV block)

torsades and dig toxicity use

hypoglycemia - reduces insulin release

hydralazine with methyldopa

what is the mechanism of minoxidil? what is the toxicity of minoxidil?

what is the mechanism of action of what is the treatment for malignant fenoldopam? hypertension?

hyperpolarizes hypertrichosis, pericardial effusion K channel opener -->smooth muscle and relaxes vascular

nitroprusside, fenoldopam and diazoxide

Dopoamine D1 receptor agonist --> relaxes renal vascular smooth muscle

HMG-CoA what is the mechanism of diazoxide? what are theinhibitors? reductase

what is the mechanism of action of the Statins?

What effects do the statins have on LDL, HDL and TGs?

lovastatin, pravastatin, simvastatin, K channel opener --> hyperpolarizes atorvastatin and relaxes vascular smooth muscle

greatly decreases LDL, increases HDL and decreases TGs

inhibit cholesterol precursor, mevalonate

side effects of statins?

What effect does Niacin have on LDL, HDL and TGs?

what effect do the Bile acid resins have on LDL, HDL, and TGs?

what is the mechanism of action of niacin?

decreases LDL, increases HDL, lesser decrease in TGs

reversible increase in LFTs and myositis

inhibits lipolysis in adipose tissue; reduces hepatic VLDL secretion into circulation

decrease LDL, slight increase in HDL, slight increase in TGs

what are the bile acid resins?

what is the mechanism of action of cholestyramine and colestipol?

What effect does ezetimibe have on LDL, HDL and TGs?

what are side effects of cholestyramine and colestipol?

prevent intestinal reabsorption of bile acids; liver must use cholesterol to make more

cholestyramine, colestipol

bad taste, causes GI discomfort, decreased absorption of fat-soluble decreases LDL; no effect on others vitamins

what is the mechanism of action of ezetimibe?

What are the Fibrates?

what is the mechanism of action of the fibrates?

what effect do the fibrates have on LDL, HDL and TGs?

gemfibrozil, clofibrate, bezafibrate, prevents cholesterol reabsorption at fenofibrate small intestine brush border

mainly decrease TGs, lesser decrease LDL and increase HDL

upregulate LPL --> increase TG clearance

what Beta blockers are what are the side effects of fibrates? contraindicated in angina and why?

labetalol, pindolol and acebutolol, due to partial agonist effects

myositis, and increase in LFTs