https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabinogalactan
Arabinogalactan
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Arabinogalactan is a biopolymer consisting of arabinose and galactose monosaccharides. Two classes of arabinogalactans are found in nature: plant arabinogalactan and microbial arabinogalactan. In plants, it is a major component of many gums, including gum arabic and gum gutti. It is often found attached to proteins, and the resulting arabinogalactan protein (AGP) functions as both an intercellular [1] signaling molecule and a glue to seal plant wounds. The microbial arabinogalactan is a major structural component of the mycobacterial [2][3] Both the arabinose and galactose exist solely in the furanose cell wall. conguration. The galactan portion of microbial arabinogalactan is linear, consisting of approximately 30 units with alternating -(1-5) and -(1-6) glycosidic linkages. The [4] is attached at three branch arabinan chain, which consists of about 30 residues, [5] The points within the galactan chain, believed to be at residues 8, 10 and 12. arabinan portion of the polymer is a complex branched structure, usually capped with mycolic acids; the arabinan glycosidic linkages are -(1-3), -(1-5), and -(1-2).
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabinogalactan
with the immune system.[3] Approximately one of the three arabinosyl chains attached to the galactan chain contains succinyl groups. Although one succinyl group is most common, up to three succinyl groups per released arabinan fragment can be found on oligo-arabinans. However, arabinan fragments substituted with GalNH2 are not succinylated. Importantly, in the case of M. tuberculosis, and most likely in all slow growing + organisms, both positive charge (protonated GalNH2 as GalNH3 ) and negative charge (succinyl) are present in the middle regions of the arabinan, specically at O-2 of the inner 3,5--D-Araf units. The succinyl residues are on the non-mycolylated chain. [3] Recently, a complete primary model of arabinogalactan has been proposed.
See also
Mycobacterium Carbohydrate chemistry
References
1. ^ Nothnagel EA, Bacic A, Clarke AE (2000). Cell and developmental biology of arabinogalactan-proteins. Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers. ISBN 0-306-4649-1. 2. ^ Esko, Jerey D.; Tamara L. Doering, and Christian R.H. Raetz (2008). in Essentials of Glycobiology (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/bookshelf/br.fcgi?book=glyco2) . Cold Spring Harbor Press. pp. Ch. 20. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/bookshelf/br.fcgi?book=glyco2. 3. ^ a b c d e Bhamidi S (2009). "Mycobacterial Cell Wall Arabinogalactan". Bacterial Polysaccharides: Current Innovations and Future Trends. Caister Academic Press. ISBN 978-1-904455-45-5. 4. ^ Suresh Bhamidi, Michael S. Scherman, Christopher D. Rithner, Jessica E. Prenni, Delphi Chatterjee, Kay-Hooi Khoo, and Michael R. McNeil Journal of Biological Chemistry, 2008, 283, 12992-13000 5. ^ Luke J. Alderwick, Eva Radmacher, Mathias Seidel, Roland Gande, Paul G. Hitchen, Howard R. Morris, Anne Dell, Hermann Sahm, Lothar Eggeling, Gurdyal S. Besra Journal of Biological Chemistry, 2005, 280, 32362-32371
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