AP Euro Wars Chart

WAR War of the Roses DATE 14551485 CAUSE Fight between the Yorks and Lancasters over the English throne Schmalkaldic League was an alliance of Lutheran German princes against Charles V RESULT Henry Tudor (Lancaster) won and started the Tudor dynasty. War ended in a truce. Peace of Augsbergrulers of a German region can choose Catholicism of Lutheranism for their region. Edict of Nantes clarified the religious situation with the Huguenots Southern Netherlands (Union of Arras) remain part of Spain, and Spain recognized the independence of the Northern Provinces (Union of Utrecht) Treaty of WestphaliaGerman rulers can choose Calvinism, and winning countries gain land. PEOPLE KEY FACTS

Schmalkaldic Wars

15461555

Charles was winning at first, but the Henry II of France supported the princes.

French Wars of Religion

15621598

Spanish Religious Wars (Dutch Revolt)

15661648

Religious issues Nobles, towns and provinces are trying to resist centralization Dutch revolted because they did not like how Philip was trying to prevent the spread of Protestantism and they also did not like that their tax money was going to Spain France felt surrounded by the Hapsburgs. Spain wanted to recapture the Netherlands. Hapsburgs wanted to get rid of protestants and centralize authority. Immediate cause:

Duke of Guise Henri of Navarre

St. Bartholomews Day Massacre War of Three Henries Pacification of Ghent

Duke of Alva Duke of Parma William the Silent

30 Years War

16181648

King Christian IV of Denmark Wallenstein Gustavus Adolphus Cardinal Richelieu

War started religious but ended political and dynastic

Defenestration of Prague

English Civil War

16421649

Charles needed money to put down Scots revolt, but needed money so he had to call Parliament

Louis XIVs Dutch Wars

16431715

Louis XIV wanted natural frontiers

War of the League of Augsburg

16891697

War of Spanish Succession

17021713

Louis annexed Alsace-Lorraine, and Stasburg, so other countries formed the League of Augsburg Spanish ruler left the throne of Spain to Louis XIVs grandson. Other countries feared a coalition of Spain and France would ruin the balance of power in Europe.

War of Austrian Succession

17401790

Prussia seized Silesia from Austria (Maria Theresa), defying the Pragmatic Sanction

Radicals won, king was executed and Oliver Cromwell set up a military dictatorship, with himself as Lord Protector After 2 wars, France gained very few land (Franche Comte) Treaty of RyswickFrance lost most of its land, but kept Stasbourg and parts of Alace Peace of Utrecht and Treaty of Rastaat- Philip became the ruler of Spain, but the thrones of France and Spain could never unite. Prussia gained respect, and England gained a lot of land (Gibralter and America). Treaty of Aix la Chapellestatus quo except Prussia kept Silesia

Cavaliers and Roundheads Oliver Cromwell Rump Parliament

John Churchill

Economic problems in France made Louis desperate for money to fund the war Importance because of international cooperation

Seven Years War

17561763

French Revolution

17891799

Monetary problems calling the estates general

Treaty of Hubertsburgstatus quo and Prussia kept Silesia Treaty of Paris- France lost its N. American possessions to Britain Thermador Reaction, Directory

Switch sidesAustria and France were allies in this war

Russia was allied with Austria (and they were winning) but then switched sides

Louis XVI, Robespierre, Danton, Jacobins, Gironde, Mountain,

Napoleonic Wars

18031815

Napoleon wanted to expand the French Empire and rule over more territory

French Revolution 1830

1830

King Charles X issued the July ordinances, which limited the power of the people and increased the power of the king and aristocrats July

Napoleons final defeat at Waterloo. Congress of Viennabalance of power, legitimacy, conservatism, created the Concert of Europe. Louis Philippe became king and promised to abide by the 1814 constitution

Napoleon Bonaparte

Storming the Bastille, womens march to Versailles, Tennis Court Oath, National Assembly, Legislative Assembly, National Convention, Paris Commune, Committee of Public Safety, Reign of Terror Creation of the Confederation of the Rhine, Duchy of Warsaw. When Napoleon conquered an area, he would proclaim French Revolutionary ideals

Revolution

French Revolution 1848

1848

Crimean War

18531856

Banquet was held to discuss ideas, but the government banned it revolt for UMS and a new constitution. Workers revolted also when the National Workshops were closed Ottoman Empire was weak and the powers wanted to see what they could take. ImmediateRussia wanted to protect Christians in Palestine, but France had that right already

New constitution 1848 with unicameral legislature and a president, Louis Napoleon

Suffering and death (Florence Nightingale) Russia gave up land and control of the Black Sea, and realized they needed to modernize France gained prestige Ended the Concert of Europe

Wars of Italian Unification

Wars of German Unification

1871

1st Balkan War 19121913

Bismarck fought three wars to isolate Austria and France and gain territory to create a unified Germany Serbia, Montenegro, and Greece, who organized a Balkan League to defeat the

A unified Germany was created

Danish War AustroPrussian War FrancoPrussian War

Received provinces of Macedonia and Albania

Ottomans

2nd Balkan War

1913

World War One

19141918

The Balkan League could not decide on how to divide the conquered Ottoman provinces of Macedonia and Albania Greece, Serbia, Romania, and the OE attacked Bulgaria Militarism, alliances, imperialism, nationalism. Trigger: murder of Archduke Franz Ferdinand

Bulgaria only obtained a small part of Macedonia, and the remainder was divided between Serbia and Greece

Paris Peace Conference/ Congress of Vienna. Germany received full blame for the war and had to pay reparations. Eastern European nations received national selfdetermination. League of Nations was created.

German generals von Ludendorff and von Hindenburg

Russian Revolution

1905, 1917

World War Two

19391945

Hitler wanted Lebensraumroom for Germans to live and expand. Trigger: Hitler invaded Poland

The Allies defeated the Axis powers. Germany was split into four zones. United Nations was created

Hitler, Mussolini, Churchill,

Blitzkrieg, Holocaust, appeasement, nuclear weapons,