Dr.

Willem Ravensberg President IBMA IBMA Forum: The Biocontrol Industry and its place in Food Production

Fruit Logistica, Berlin, February 7, 2013

Macrobials (natural enemies, such as parasitoids, predatory mites) Microbials (fungi, bacteria, baculoviruses)
Pheromones and other semio-chemicals Natural products (botanical extracts, natural substances, minerals, etc.)

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Spider mites Whiteflies Thrips Aphids Caterpillars Leafminers Various minor pests

Natural enemies Microorganisms Pheromones

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Spider mites (Tetranychus urticae)

Predatory mites Phytoseiulus persimilis Neoseiulus californicus, in sweet pepper
Predators Feltiella acarisuga Macrolophus pygmaeus
Anticipated new pest in tomato: T. evansi research for new predators in course

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Whiteflies (Trialeurodes vaporariorum, Bemisia tabaci)

Parasitoids Encarsia formosa Eretmocerus eremicus E. mundus

Predatory bugs

Macrolophus pygmaeus Nesidiocoris tenuis (S. Europe) Amblyseius swirskii Amblydromalus limonicus

used in tomato

Predatory mites

used in sweet pepper

Entomopathogenic fungi

Beauveria bassiana (Botanigard, Naturalis) Paecilomyces fumosoroseus (Preferal, Nofly) Lecanicillium muscarium (Mycotal)

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Thrips (Frankliniella occidentalis, Echinothrips americanus)

Predatory bugs Orius laevigatus Orius majusculus Macrolophus pygmaeus
Predatory mites Neoseiulus cucumeris Amblyseius swirskii Amblydromalus limonicus Transeius montdorensis Entomopathogenic fungi Beauveria bassiana (Botanigard, Naturalis) Lecanicillium muscarium (Mycotal) Metarhizium anisopliae (Met52)

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Aphids

Aphis gossypii Aulacorthum solani Myzus persicae Macrosiphum euphorbiae

Parasitoids

Aphelinus abdominalis Aphidius colemani Aphidius matricariae Aphidius ervi Ephedrus cerasicola Praon volucre Aphidoletes aphidimyza Chrysoperla carnea Episyrphus balteatus Adalia bipunctata

Predators

Natural products

Fatty acids Azadiractin (Neemazal) Bptanical extracts (Requiem)

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Caterpillars

Chrysodeixis chalcites Autographa gamma Laconobia oleracea Mamestra brassicae Ostrinia nubilalis Spodoptera spp. Heliothis spp. Tuta absoluta, in tomato

Parasitoids Trichogramma spp.

Predators Macrolophus pygmaeus Nesidiocoris tenuis Entomopathogenic nematodes Steinernema carpocapsae Microbial pesticides Bacillus thuringiensis

Baculoviruses (SeNPV, SlNPV, HaNPV)

monitoring, mass-trapping, mating disruption

Pheromones

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Leafminers Liriomyza bryoniae L. huidobrensis L. trifolii

Parasitoids Diglyphus isaea Dacnusa sibirica

Predators Macrolophus pygmaeus

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Various minor pests, with only partial effective BCAs

Tarsonemid mites, gallmites Polyphagotarsonemus latus, Aculops lycopersici Various predatory mites Mealybugs: Pseudococcus viburni, Phenacoccus solani, Phenacoccus solenopsis, Phenacoccus madeirensis Leptomastyx algirica (only on P. solani) Cryptolaemus montrouzieri True plant bugs: Nezara viridula, Lygus spp. New exotic pest: pepper weevil (Anthomonus eugenii)

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Foliar fungal diseases

Powdery mildew Grey mould Others

Foliar bacterial and viral diseases Soil diseases Plant-parasitic nematodes

Microorganisms Natural products

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Powdery mildew

Tomato Oidium neolycopersicum, Leveillula taurica Sweet pepper Leveillula taurica

Microbial biopesticides Antagonistic fungi Ampelomyces quisqualis (AQ10)

Antagonistic bacteria Bacillus pumilis (Sonata)

Botanical products Regalia (Reynoutria sachalinensis), Vacciplant (Laminaria) Natural products Enzicur (milk enzyme)

Mineral products sulphur

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Grey mould

Botrytis cinerea

Microbial biopesticides
Antagonistic fungi Gliocladium catenulatum (Prestop) Antagonistic bacteria Bacillus subtilis (Serenade)

Botanical products Regalia (Reynoutria sachalinensis) Vacciplant (Laminaria) Natural products Enzicur (milk enzyme)

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Various foliar fungal diseases

Alternaria sp., Fusarium spp.,

Phytophthora infestans, Didymella lycopersici, Fulvia fulva,

Various foliar bacterial diseases

Clavibacter michiganensis others

Various foliar virus diseases

Pepino mozaic virus (PepMV) Tomato Yellow Leaf Curl Virus (TYLCV) Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSMV) Others

Microbial biopesticides: could provide partial control by induced resistance

Pepino mosaic virus - weak virus (PMV-01) Zucchini yellow mosaic virus - weak virus

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Soil diseases and solutions

Fusarium spp. , Pythium ultimum, P. aphanidermatum, Verticillium spp., Rhizoctonia solani, Sclerotinia spp., Phytopththora spp., Agrobacterium rhizogenes
Microbial biopesticides
Antagonistic fungi Trichoderma spp. (Trianum, Tusal, Remedier, etc) Gliocladium catenulatum (Prestop) Coniothyrium minitans (Contans)

Antagonistic bacteria Streptomyces K61 (Mycostop) Bacillus subtilis (Serenade)

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Root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) Lesion nematodes (Pratylenchus spp.)

Microbial biopesticides Antagonistic fungi
Paecilomyces lilacinus (BioAct)

Antagonistic bacteria Bacillus firmus (pending)

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Amblyseius swirskii
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Each crops demands a specific Integrated Pest Management programme Compatibility, interactions Knowledge intensive, knowledge transfer by advisers Continuous updating needed Chemicals integrated as correction measures System approach involves all stakeholders

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What can we expect in the near future ?

Many BCAs products in research and development The biopesticide industry is expanding and maturing fast Registration is slowly adapting to biopesticides, still needs to improve Regulations require use of non-chemical methods Sustainable Use Directive (Dir. 2009/128/EC) The consumer demands residue-free food Biopesticides are becoming an essential tool in crop protection

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willem.ravensberg@ibma-global.org www.ibma-global.org IBMA Forum: The Biocontrol Industry and its place in Food Production

Fruit Logistica, Berlin, February 7, 2013