The correct answer for each question is indicated by a

1 INCORRECT Glucose breakdown is ____. A)an endergonic reaction proceeding from low-energy molecules to high-energy molecules B)coupled with ATP breakdown C)combined with carbon dioxide to form oxygen plus water D)an oxidation-reduction reaction E)the removal of electrons from O2 that are eventually received by substrates Feedback: Glucose breakdown is an oxidation-reduction reaction. 2 CORRECT Which of the following molecules will diffuse out of the cell, enter the bloodstream, and be released from the lungs during aerobic cellular respiration? A)oxygen B)carbon dioxide C)ATP D)water E)glucose Feedback: Correct Answer 3 INCORRECT Which pathway for aerobic cellular respiration is located in the cytoplasm of the cell? A)glycolysis B)Krebs cycle C)electron transport system D)transition reaction E)Calvin cycle Feedback: Glycolysis occurs in the cytoplasm of the cell but outside the mitochondria, where the rest of aerobic respiration takes place in the mitochondria. During aerobic cellular respiration, which molecule originates from the digestive system? A)oxygen B)carbon dioxide C)ATP D)water E)glucose Feedback: Correct Answer 5 INCORRECT Which of the following statements is NOT correct regarding aerobic cellular respiration? A)Cells would lose too much energy as heat if they used glucose directly for individual reactions. B)Cells would lose too much energy as nonusable heat if they used glucose directly.

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C)Cells are able to utilize all the energy from glucose when released in one burst. D)Gradual glucose breakdown releases energy slowly. E)Gradual glucose breakdown allows for the simultaneous buildup of many ATP molecules. Feedback: Cells are able to utilize about 40% of the energy from glucose; rapid burning of fuel is less efficient. Gradual glucose breakdown releases energy slowly and reduces loss of unusable heat. 6 INCORRECT Which of the following pathways does NOT occur in aerobic cellular respiration? A)glycolysis B)Krebs cycle C)electron transport system D)transition reaction E)Calvin cycle Feedback: The Calvin cycle is not part of aerobic cellular respiration but is part of photosynthesis. Glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, the electron transport system, and the transition reaction are all part of aerobic cellular respiration.

7 INCORRECT The carriers for the electron transport system are located ______. A)within the cytoplasm of a cell B)on the cristae of mitochondria C)within the matrix of mitochondria D)within the Golgi apparatus E)within the stroma of chloroplasts Feedback: The carriers for the electron transport system are located on the cristae of mitochondria. 8 INCORRECT Which of the following statements about aerobic cellular respiration in the human body is NOT correct? A)Glucose and oxygen are delivered to the cells by the bloodstream. B)Carbon dioxide and water are removed from the cells by the bloodstream. C)Water can remain in the cell or leave as needed. D)ATP remains in the cytoplasm as a source of energy for the cell to do work. E)In mitochondria, glucose is broken down to carbon dioxide and water as ATP is produced. Feedback: Glucose is broken into two C3 molecules outside the mitochondria; thereafter, the C3 molecules are processed in the mitochondria. Which coenzyme is used in cellular respiration? A)NAD+ B)NADP

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C)niacin D)alcohol dehydrogenase E)cytochrome oxidase Feedback: Correct Answer 10 INCORRECT Which of the following statements is correct? A)NAD is reduced and becomes NADH2 when it accepts hydrogen atoms. B)NAD is oxidized and becomes NADH when it accepts hydrogen atoms. C)NAD is reduced and becomes NADH2 when it releases hydrogen atoms. D)NADH2 is reduced to NAD when the hydrogen atoms are passed to another acceptor. Feedback: NAD is oxidized and becomes NADH when it accepts hydrogen atoms. 11 INCORRECT Which of the following statements is NOT true about NAD? A)Only a small amount of NAD is needed in cells. B)NAD can only be used once before it must be resynthesized. C)NAD can accept hydrogen atoms and is reduced to NADH2. D)NADH2 can carry the hydrogen atoms to another acceptor, becoming oxidized to NAD again. E)NAD is involved in cellular respiration. Feedback: Only a small amount of NAD is needed in cells because NAD is used over and over again. 12 INCORRECT Which of the following statements is NOT correct about glycolysis? A)Glycolysis takes place within the cytoplasm. B)Glycolysis uses two ATP but forms four ATP, resulting in a net gain of two ATP molecules. C)During glycolysis, two NADH are produced as substrate oxidation occurs. D)Glycolysis begins with glucose and ends with four pyruvate molecules. Feedback: Glycolysis begins with glucose and ends with two, not four pyruvate molecules. Glycolysis does take place within the cytoplasm, does use two ATP but forms four ATP, resulting in a net gain of two ATP molecules, and during glycolysis, two NADH are produced as substrate oxidation occurs. 13 INCORRECT Pyruvate is the end product of the ______ reactions. A)Krebs cycle B)Calvin cycle C)electron transport system D)glycolysis E)transition Feedback: Pyruvate is the end product of the glycolysis reactions.

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Glycolysis can be used in both aerobic cellular respiration and fermentation. A)True B)False Feedback: Glycolysis can be used in both aerobic cellular respiration and fermentation. Which of the following statements about the transition reaction is NOT correct? A)It occurs in the matrix of mitochondria. B)It links glycolysis to the Krebs cycle. C)Two oxygen molecules are given off from glucose. D)Two pyruvate molecules become two acetyl-CoA molecules. E)Two NADH molecules are formed from the reaction. Feedback: Correct Answer Which of the following pathways will use coenzyme A during aerobic cellular respiration? A)glycolysis B)transition reaction C)Krebs cycle D)electron transport system E)fermentation Feedback: The transition reaction uses coenzyme A. Which of the following pathways will result in carbon dioxide and NADH2 being released but not ATP? A)glycolysis B)Krebs cycle C)electron transport system D)transition reaction Feedback: The transition reaction results in carbon dioxide and NADH2 being released but not ATP. Glycolysis, the Krebs cycle and the electron transport system all result in ATP production.

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Which of the following series of enzymatic reactions begins and ends with citrate? A)Krebs cycle B)electron transport system C)transition reaction D)glycolysis Feedback: The Krebs cycle begins and ends with citrate. How many times does the Krebs cycle turn per glucose molecule? A)once B)twice C)three times

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D)four times E)five times Feedback: Correct Answer 20 INCORRECT When a substrate is oxidized (as in cellular respiration), energy is released and the coenzyme NAD becomes NADH + H+. A)True B)False Feedback: In cellular respiration, energy is released and NADH + H+ becomes NADH+ + 2H+. 21 INCORRECT Which pathway will result in the production of four carbon dioxide molecules, two ATP molecules, NADH2 and FADH2? A)glycolysis B)transition reaction C)Krebs cycle D)Calvin cycle E)electron transport system Feedback: The Krebs cycle results in production of four carbon dioxide molecules, two ATP molecules, NADH2 and FADH2. Which of the following molecules is NOT formed as a result of the Krebs cycle during aerobic cellular respiration? A)carbon dioxide B)ATP C)water D)NADH E)FADH2 Feedback: Water molecules are not formed as a result of the Krebs cycle during aerobic cellular respiration; carbon dioxide, ATP, NADH, and FADH2 are formed. Which molecule will combine with the four-carbon oxaloacetate in the Krebs cycle to form the six-carbon citrate? A)two carbon dioxide molecules B)lactic acid C)NADH D)FADH E)acetyl-CoA Feedback: Acetyl-CoA combines with the four-carbon oxaloacetate in the Krebs cycle to form the six-carbon citrate. 24 CORRECT Which molecule is the final acceptor of electrons at the end of the electron transport system in aerobic cellular respiration? A)oxygen B)carbon dioxide C)lactate D)citrate

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E)pyruvate Feedback: Correct Answer Based on chemiosmosis, hydrogen ions accumulate in the ______ of the 25 INCORRECT mitochondrion to create a large electrochemical gradient for aerobic cellular respiration. A)intermembrane space B)intramembrane space C)cristae D)matrix E)stroma Feedback: Based on chemiosmosis, hydrogen ions accumulate in the intermembrane space of the mitochondrion to create a large electrochemical gradient for aerobic cellular respiration. What molecule will form when hydrogen ions flow down the 26 INCORRECT electrochemical gradient through ATP synthase complexes in mitochondria? A)water B)ATP C)ADP D)carbon dioxide E)oxygen Feedback: ATP forms when hydrogen ions flow down the electrochemical gradient through ATP synthase complexes in mitochondria. 27 INCORRECT Which of the following overall equations represents aerobic cellular respiration? A)C6H12O6 -----> 2 pyruvate + 2 ATP B)6 CO2 + 6 H2O + energy -----> C6H12O6 + 6 O2 C)C6H12O6 + 6 O2 -----> 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + energy D)C6H12O6 -----> 2 lactate + 2 ATP E)C6H12O6 -----> 2 alcohol + 2 CO2 + 2 ATP Feedback: C6H12O6 + 6 O2 -----> 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + energy represents aerobic cellular respiration. This formula represents photosynthesis.

Each of the electron transport system's channel proteins within the cristae 28 INCORRECT of mitochondria contains ATP synthase complex, which enzymatically joins hydrogen ions, electrons, and oxygen together to form water. A)True B)False Feedback: Each of the electron transport system's channel proteins within the cristae of mitochondria contains ATP synthase complex, which enzymatically joins hydrogen ions, electrons, and oxygen together to form water. 29 INCORRECT In aerobic cellular respiration, hydrogen atoms are NOT removed from which of the following pathways and reactions to combine with NAD or

FAD to form NADH2 or FADH2? A)glycolysis B)transition reaction C)Krebs cycle D)electron transport system Feedback: In the electron transport system portion of aerobic cellular respiration, hydrogen atoms are NOT removed the following pathways and reactions to combine with NAD or FAD to form NADH2 or FADH2. 30 INCORRECT For every NADH2 that enters the electron transport system, ______ ATP result. A)1 B)2 C)3 D)5 E)10 Feedback: For every NADH2 that enters the electron transport system, ______ ATP result. If two FADH2 molecules are produced in the Krebs cycle, how many total 31 INCORRECT ATP molecules will be formed as those hydrogens are transmitted to the electron transport system? A)2 B)4 C)6 D)8 E)10 Feedback: If two FADH2 molecules are produced in the Krebs cycle, four total ATP molecules will be formed as those hydrogens are transmitted to the electron transport system, since two ATP are produced per one FADH2. Which of the following pathways and reactions will result in the 32 INCORRECT production of the most ATP molecules during aerobic cellular respiration of one glucose molecule? A)glycolysis B)transition reaction C)Krebs cycle D)electron transport system E)fermentation Feedback: The electron transport system reactions result in the production of the most ATP molecules during aerobic cellular respiration of one glucose molecule. 33 INCORRECT Catabolic reactions drive anabolic reactions. A)True B)False

Feedback: Catabolic reactions, which release excess energy, drive anabolic reactions, which need energy to synthesize compounds. 34 CORRECT Which of the following is NOT an example of a metabolic pool function? A)Lipids that we eat can be broken down into glycerol and fatty acids. B)Water must be continuously ingested as a solvent or general body fluids. C)Carbohydrates that we eat can be converted to fat. D)In aerobic cellular respiration, glucose, in the presence of oxygen, will produce carbon dioxide, water, and 38 ATP; other molecules likewise undergo catabolism. E)When amino acids undergo catabolism, deamination, or the removal of the amino group, occurs. Feedback: Correct Answer 35 INCORRECT Which of the following statements is NOT correct when amino acids undergo catabolism? A)The carbon skeleton of amino acids is produced in the liver. B)During deamination of an amino acid, the carboxyl group is removed. C)The amino group becomes ammonia. D)Ammonia enters the urea cycle and becomes part of urea. E)Urea is the primary excretory product of humans. Feedback: During deamination of an amino acid, the amino [not carboxyl] group is removed. Which of the following molecules is the most efficient form of stored energy? A)proteins B)amino acids C)monosaccharides D)glycerol E)fats Feedback: Correct Answer 37 CORRECT The transfer of an amino group from one amino acid to another is called ______. A)transamination B)deamination C)reamination D)examination E)phosphorylation Feedback: Correct Answer Animal cells, but NOT plant cells, are able to synthesize all of the amino acids they need. A)True

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B)False Feedback: Correct Answer 39 CORRECT Which of the following overall equations represents fermentation that occurs in yeast cells? A)C6H12O6 -----> 2 pyruvate + 2 ATP B)6 CO2 + 6 H2O + energy -----> C6H12O6 + 6 O2 C)C6H12O6 + 6 O2 -----> 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + energy D)C6H12O6 -----> 2 lactate + 2 ATP E)C6H12O6 -----> 2 alcohol + 2 CO2 + 2 ATP Feedback: Correct Answer ______ is a series of enzymatic reactions by which glucose is incompletely metabolized to lactate or carbon dioxide and alcohol. A)Fermentation B)Aerobic cellular respiration C)The Krebs cycle D)The electron transport system E)Glycolysis Feedback: Correct Answer When oxygen is NOT available to an animal cell, which of the following statements is correct? A)Only the electron transport system remains operative. B)More hydrogen gas is produced because oxygen, the final acceptor, is not present. C)The cells production of ATP molecules is cut in half. D)Cells reduce pyruvate to carbon dioxide and water. E)Glycolysis still occurs during fermentation because NADH2 passes its hydrogen atoms to pyruvate. Feedback: When oxygen is NOT available to an animal cell, glycolysis still occurs during fermentation because NADH2 passes its hydrogen atoms to pyruvate. 42 CORRECT Fermentation is an aerobic process that results in the production of two ATP molecules. A)True B)False Feedback: Correct Answer Which of the following statements is NOT correct about fermentation in animal cells? A)It can provide a rapid burst of ATP when there is limited oxygen supply. B)In our bodies, muscle cells more than other cells are apt to carry on fermentation. C)Pyruvate can build up in muscles, changing the pH and causing the muscles to fatigue.

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D)Recovery from oxygen debt is complete when lactate is transported to the liver, where it is reconverted to pyruvate which can be respired or converted back to glucose. E)Only animal cells can carry out fermentation.