1. Explain types of fault with the aid of diagram.

A fault is a break in the rock layers along which the rock moves. There are 4 basic types of faults found on the Earth. The Normal Fault Are faults in which the hanging wall moves down relative to the footwall. This is caused by movement of the fault blocks away from each other. (tension type of stress) The normal fault is not necessarily normal in the sense that it is common....because.... it is not the most common of faults. However what is normal about them is that their movement tends to follow the gravitational pull on the fault blocks involved.

The Reverse Fault The reverse fault is a where the hanging wall moves up relative to the foot wall. This kind of fault is caused by movement of the fault blocks is toward each other (compression type of stress), not away from each other like in the normal fault.

Thrust Fault it usually found with areas of folded surfaces, like the Sinai Massif. These are very much like reverse faults, however the hanging wall has completly slid over and covers the footwall. (also caused by compression stress)

Strike-Slip Fault (Transverse) Movement on a strike strip fault is horizontal, the blocks rub past each other. (caused by shear type of stress) This fault is on the boundary between the Pacific and North American Plates. Actually anything crossing this fault zone is either slowly torn apart, or offset.

2. Discuss how the fault structure was occurred based on the map B.
When faults extend to the Earths surface, displacing parts of the landscape, landforms are developed or modified. The portion of the fracture surface that is exposed by faulting is called the fault scarp (map B). Fault scarps may initially be angular and well defined, but over time they are modified by weathering and erosion on the upper portions while the lower portions become buried by eroded debris (talus). If a region is sliced by a series of sub-parallel normal faults with sufficient displacement, horst-and-graben topography may develop. A horst is a block that has remained high relative to those on either side, whereas a graben is depressed relative to the adjacent blocks.

3. If there is proposal for built dam structure on the fault area, evaluate the engineering problem that possible to be occurred.
ground shaking causing vibrations in dams, appurtenant structures and equipment, and their foundations; fault movements in the dam foundation causing structural distortions; fault displacement in the reservoir bottom causing water waves in the reservoir or loss of freeboard; and mass movements into the reservoir causing impulse waves in the reservoir.

CONCLUSION
Fault represent significant crustal discontinuities across which bodies of rock are displaced. Like joints, faults are simply surface across which the rock has lost cohension. Faults are fundamentally brittle features and can be distinguished from ductile shear zones in that rocks within faults and fault zones are broken and disintegrated while they tend to deform plastically in shear zones. Faults are typically inferred to be largely planar features, though they commonly exhibit major steps and curvi-planar segments. Motion across faults is generally parallel to the fault plane, though some minor components of motion perpendicular to the plane is uncommon. Faults maybe distinguished from fissures in that the latter generally from as a result of dilation perpendicular to fractures planes