II

Rules for Classification and Construction

Materials and Welding

Metallic Materials

Steel and Iron Materials

Edition 2009

The following Rules come into force on April 1st, 2009

Alterations to the preceding Edition are marked by beams at the text margin.
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Table of Contents

II - Part 1
GL 2009

Chapter 2
Page 3

Table of Contents

Section 1
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
F.
G.
H.
I.
J.

Section 2
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.

Section 3
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
F.
G.
H.
I.
J.

Section 4
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
F.
G.
H.
I.
J.

Steel Plates, Strips, Sections and Bars

General Rules .............................................................................................................................
Normal and Higher Strength Hull Structural Steels ...................................................................
Unalloyed Steels for Welded Structures .....................................................................................
High-Strength Steels for Welded Structures ...............................................................................
Steels for Steam Boilers and Pressure Vessels ..........................................................................
Steels for Cargo Tanks ...............................................................................................................
Stainless Steels ...........................................................................................................................
Clad Plates .................................................................................................................................
Steels with Through Thickness Properties .................................................................................
Steel-Aluminium Welding Joints ...............................................................................................

1- 1
1- 5
1- 16
1- 17
1- 21
1- 23
1- 28
1- 30
1- 32
1- 34

Steel Pipes
General Rules .............................................................................................................................
Pipes for General Purpose ..........................................................................................................
High-Temperature Steel Pipes ....................................................................................................
Pipes Tough at Sub-Zero Temperatures .....................................................................................
Stainless Steel Pipes ...................................................................................................................

2- 1
2- 5
2- 7
2- 10
2- 14

Forgings
General Rules .............................................................................................................................
Forgings for Machine Construction and Shipbuilding ................................................................
Forgings for Crankshafts ............................................................................................................
Forgings for Gears ......................................................................................................................
Forgings for Boilers, Pressure Vessels, Process Equipment and Pipelines ................................
Steel Forgings Tough at Sub-Zero Temperatures .......................................................................
Non-destructive Testing of Forged Components ........................................................................
List of Forged Components for which Non-destructive Tests are Required ...............................
Classifying of Inspection Zones for Magnetic Particle Testing (MT) ........................................
Classifying of Inspection Zones for Ultrasonic Testing (UT) ....................................................

3- 1
3- 5
3- 6
3- 10
3- 13
3- 15
3- 17
3- 23
3- 24
3- 29

Cast Steel
General Rules .............................................................................................................................
Steel Castings for Machine Construction and Shipbuilding .......................................................
Steel Castings for Crankshafts and Connecting Rods .................................................................
Steel Castings for Steam Boilers, Pressure Vessels and Pipelines .............................................
Steel Castings for Use at Low Temperatures .............................................................................
Stainless Steel Castings ..............................................................................................................
Non-destructive Testing of Cast Steel Components ...................................................................
List of Cast Steel Components for which Non-destructive Tests are Required ..........................
Testing Instructions for Hull Structural Parts .............................................................................
Testing Instruction for Diesel Engine Parts ................................................................................

4- 1
4- 5
4- 8
4- 8
4- 10
4- 13
4- 16
4- 28
4- 29
4- 37

Chapter 2
Page 4

Section 5
A.
B.
C.

Section 6
A.
B.
C.

II - Part 1
GL 2009

Cast Iron
General Rules ..............................................................................................................................
Nodular Cast Iron .......................................................................................................................
Grey Cast Iron .............................................................................................................................

5- 1
5- 3
5- 8

Fittings and Pressed Parts, Bolts and Nuts

Pressed Parts ...............................................................................................................................
Pipe Fittings ................................................................................................................................
Bolts and Nuts .............................................................................................................................

6- 1
6- 4
6- 6

II - Part 1
GL 2009

Section 1

Steel Plates, Strips, Sections and Bars

Chapter 2
Page 11

Section 1
Steel Plates, Strips, Sections and Bars
A.

General Rules

1.

Scope

1.1
General rules to be applied in the manufacture and testing of hot-rolled plates, strips, sections
(including hollow sections), rods and bars are contained in A.
1.2
Hot-rolled round bars intended for the manufacture of shafts, tie rods and bolts are subject to
Section 3, B.

4.2
If the material is suitable, products may also
be supplied in normalising rolled (controlled rolled) or
thermo-mechanically rolled condition (see 4.3), provided that the processes have been checked and approved by GL on the manufacturer's premises.
4.3

Definitions

The processes mentioned in 4.2 are defined as follows:

4.3.1

Normalising rolling

1.3
Where stated in B. to J. of this Section, steels
conforming to national or international standards may
be used, provided that they satisfy the minimum requirements of these Rules.

Normalising rolling (controlled rolling) is a rolling

process involving final forming in a specific temperature range which results in a material condition
equivalent to that achieved by normalising treatment;
thus the desired values of the mechanical properties
are preserved even after an additional normalising
treatment.

2.

Products supplied in this condition are designated by

the code NW.

Requirements to be met by manufacturers

Manufacturers wishing to supply products in accordance with these Rules shall fulfil the requirements set
out in Chapter 1 Principles and Test Procedures,
Section 1, C., and shall demonstrate this to GL prior to
commencing supplies. This applies also for manufacturers of semi-finished products such as ingots, slabs,
blooms and billets.
3.

Steelmaking process

3.1
The steels are to be manufactured by the
basic oxygen process, the electric furnace process or
by other methods approved by GL. On request, GL
shall be informed of the steelmaking process used.
3.2
The steels may be cast in ingots (static casting) or continuously.
Special casting processes require initial appraisal by
GL.
4.

Condition of supply and heat treatment

4.1
All products are to be supplied in the heat
treated conditions described in the following individual Sections, unless supply in the as-rolled condition is
allowed.
This may be the case if, for instance, the product is to
undergo further hot forming.

4.3.2

Thermo-mechanical rolling

Thermo-mechanical rolling is a rolling process incorporating careful monitoring of both the rolling temperature and also the reduction per pass. The greater
proportion of reductions per pass is generally carried
out close to the upper transformation temperature Ar3
where rolling in the two-phase temperature range may
be incorporated. Unlike normalising rolling, the properties produced by thermo-mechanical rolling cannot
be reproduced by subsequent normalising or other heat
treatments.
Products supplied in this condition are designated by
the code TM.
Accelerated cooling following TM rolling may take
place if this process has been approved by GL. The
same applies to tempering treatments following TM
rolling.
Note on TM steels:
Any subsequent, continuous heating above 580 C as
well as significant long holding times at lower temperatures may impair the strength properties. The
manufacturer shall be consulted where there is a requirement to use temperatures above 580 C.
Flame straightening will generally be possible. To this
effect flame straightening may be carried out by using
flame lines/flame tracks on the surface up to 950 C. A
flame straightening by short time local through thick-