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Grid usage costs for the Swiss transmission system

Various measures are required in order to guarantee the transmission of energy and to ensure the security and reliability of the Swiss high-voltage grid. These cannot be implemented without incurring costs.

Following the entry into force of large parts of the Electricity Supply Act (StromVG) on 1 January 2008, activities aimed at creating an open electricity market entered the decisive phase. In this respect, the main focus is on the subject of grid usage.

In the past, all electricity supply costs were combined and billed to the end consumer. As of 1 January 2009, the electricity bill contains a breakdown of the costs for grid usage, energy, taxes and duties. The division into energy and grid components is the result of the unbundling process prescribed in Art. 10 StromVG, which requires electricity suppliers to account for distribution system costs separately from the other links in the value chain such as power generation and sales. Furthermore, cross-subsidisation between grid operation and the other areas of activity is not permitted. The aim of these measures is to ensure the independence of grid operation and enable the costs for the grid and its operation to be reported transparently. The new Electricity Supply Act goes even further with respect to the transmission system. The national grid company Swissgrid will assume ownership of the transmission system by 2013 (Art.33 Para. 4 StromVG).

According to the new legislation, all grid operators are obliged, among other things, to allow third parties non-discriminatory access to the grid and to guarantee grid security through efficient and reliable operation of the grid. The measures required to achieve this are complex and demand good and close cooperation between all players in the electricity market.

Costs included in grid usage


The costs incurred for grid usage are essentially made up of the following components: capital and operating costs, costs for ancillary services and duties and contributions to local authorities. Costs are generally distributed on a user-pays basis. Where this is not possible, the costs and billing rates are passed on to the distribution system operators and the end consumers at the respective grid level on the basis of meter data for services and energy and corresponding tariffs. The general ancillary services costs are comprised of the following: costs for system and meter data management, ensuring black start and isolated operation capability, costs for voltage support, primary control, proportional costs for power provisioning for secondary and tertiary control that cannot be allocated to a balance group, as well as the costs for grid enhancement and surcharges in accordance with the Energy Act (EnG). These general ancillary services are charged via the general AS tariff both to the end consumers connected to the transmission system and to all distribution system operators with end customers in their networks. General ancillary services are also charged to interconnected lines that, in accordance with Art. 17 Para. 6 StromVG, are excluded from grid access pursuant to the relevant decisions of ElCom. Other transmission system costs, such as for schedule and balance group management, portions of the power provision for secondary and tertiary control, energy for secondary and tertiary control and balance energy acquired therefrom are billed to the balance groups.

Remaining costs such as operating and capital costs for the transmission system, remunerations to third parties as well as duties and contributions to local authorities are charged at a standard rate as grid usage charges (GUC) directly to the end consumers and distribution system operators directly connected to the transmission system. If distribution system operators or end consumers are directly connected to the transmission system, they are charged an output and working tariff as well as a fixed basic tariff per weighted feed-out point for grid usage. They will also be charged individually for costs incurred in connection with the compensation of active power losses and, since 1 January 2010, for the procurement of reactive energy. Since 2011 a distinction is also made between active and passive grid customers who are billed different tariffs for the individual ancillary service of reactive energy.

Cost billing for the transmission system


Costs arising for the transmission system and its operation are allocated to various different players. The cost block general ancillary services (general AS) is charged to all distribution system operators with end consumers in their grids as well as to end consumers that are directly connected to the transmission system. Swissgrid strives to keep AS costs as low as possible, however it depends on a functioning market in order to do so. As part of the market-based procurement of ancillary services, a variety of measures will be devised and implemented in order to reduce costs. General ancillary services are also charged to interconnected lines that, in accordance with Art. 17 Para. 6 StromVG, are excluded from grid access and for which no chargeable costs can be claimed, pursuant to the relevant tariffs for end consumers.

The costs for the individual ancillary services active power losses (individual AS active power losses) 2012 Costs / Revenue are charged to distribution system operators and end consumers directly connected to the transmission sysCosts
Primary control (output) Secondary control (output) Tertiary control (output) Unintentional deviation (energy) Secondary control (energy) Tertiary control (energy) MEAS (energy) Black start / island operation capability
Reactive energy
./.

tem, LTC holders (long-term contract holders, Page 1 of 2 Art. 17 Para. 2 StromVG) and merchant line operators (Art. 17 Para. 6 of the Energy Supply Act). Revenue generated through the ITC mechanism (Inter TSO Compensation meRevenue
12

Allocation

Costs borne by Tertiary control

BG APP

Splitting of General AS costs


3

General AS tariff
Grid operators with endconsumers and endconsumers at TS

General ancillary services

Producers Grid (TSOW + SG)

General AS tariff for exceptional grid access


Exceptional grid access

Balance energy Tariff BG (trading volume)

Balance groups

Active power losses

./. 11 2

Tariff BG (usage volume) Tariff registration BG Indiv. AS tariff active power losses Exceptional grid access Art. 17 Para. 6 StromVG ITC compensation active power losses

Grid enhancement as per Art. 22 Para. 3 StromVV AS operating costs (Swissgrid) BGM operating costs (Swissgrid) BG registration costs (Swissgrid)

Exceptional grid access

./. ./.

Individual ancillary services

ENTSO-E

./.

10

1 ./. 7

AS costs for active power losses borne by contract parties as per Art. 17 Para. 2 StromVG Individual AS tariff for active power losses TS Individual AS tariff for reactive energy TS (from 01.01.10) Individual AS tariff for reactive energy TS (from 01.01.2011)

LTC holders
Grid operators at TS and endconsumers at TS participants (PPO/DSO
Active

Grid operating costs (Swissgrid) (Part grid usage) Grid capital costs (Swissgrid) Grid operating costs (TSOW) Grid capital costs (TSOW)
Remaining costs national redispatch
./. 4

Grid usage tariffs Basis: 10% exit point 60% power at TS 30% end consumer energy

Grid operators at TS and endconsumers at TS

Grid usage

Supervisory fee (ElCom)

8 6 10

ITC compensation Infrastructure Grid usage costs borne by contract parties as per Art. 17 Para. 2 StromVG Auction revenues (CH share) for Grid usage Auction revenues (CH share) for Grid investment

ENTSO-E

LTC holders

Costs congestion management Swissgrid Costs international redispatch


Investment in grid expansion (Part except capital expenditures Swissgrid)

Auction participants

Simplified depiction of the allocation of costs and revenue in 2012


swissgrid ltd | Dammstrasse 3 | P.O. Box 22 | CH-5070 Frick | Phone +41 58 580 21 11 | Fax +41 58 580 21 21 | www.swissgrid.ch

chanism) will be applied to reduce costs. The costs for individual ancillary services reactive energy (individual AS reactive energy) are charged to grid operators, end consumers and power plants connected to the transmission system. Swissgrid calculates the overall costs of the Swiss transmission system for the GUC. The relevant portions of ITC revenue, revenue from LTC holders and the forecast usable revenue generated in market-oriented allocation procedures (auctions) are deducted from this. The remaining grid usage costs are billed to distribution system operators and end consumers connected to the transmission system. Grid usage costs are passed on via the three tariff components: working tariff, output tariff and fixed basic tariff.

Grid usage tariffs (GU tariffs)


(according to Art. 15 Para. 3 of the Electricity Supply Ordinance) The grid usage tariffs for the transmission system contain the output, working and fixed tariff components described above. These three components cover the billable costs for the transmission system in the following proportions: output tariff 60%, working tariff 30% and fixed basic tariff 10%. For the operational component, the costs are calculated from the working tariff multiplied by the amount of energy for end consumers in the distribution system and/or from the energy used by end consumers connected to grids at the lower grid levels. The output costs are calculated from the output tariff multiplied by the annual mean value of the actual monthly peak outputs of the transmission system used by every end consumer directly connected to the transmission system and every grid at the lower grid level. The costs from the fixed basic tariff for each weighted feed-out point in the transmission system are charged to every end consumer and distribution system operator connected to the transmission system.

Cost billing for the distribution system


Grid usage costs are also incurred in the distribution system. Individually billable costs are charged directly to the party responsible. Costs such as operating and capital costs, duties to local authorities as well as shares of costs from the higher grid levels are charged to the directly connected end consumers and distribution system operators. These costs are calculated and passed on from voltage level to voltage level in much the same way as the costs for the transmission system. Distribution system operators from a lower grid level, e.g. grid level 7, thus indirectly receive costs for re-billing from various upstream grid operators (transmission system operators and distribution system operators). Further explanations can be found in Art. 15 and 16 StromVV.

General Ancillary Services Tariff (AS Tariff) (according to Art. 15 Para.


2 of the Electricity Supply Ordinance) The amount to be paid by every distribution system operator is calculated from the amount of energy used by end consumers in its grid area multiplied by the published general AS tariff. For an end consumer connected directly to the transmission system, the calculation base is the total amount of energy used by that end consumer.

Individual Ancillary Services Tariff


(according to Art. 15 Para. 1 of the Electricity Supply Ordinance) Individual ancillary services tariff for active power losses The energy relevant for calculating the active power loss tariff is based on the difference between all energy amounts fed into and all energy amounts fed out of the transmission system. Energy required for power stations own consumption and pump energy from pumped storage power plants in the distribution system of the grid operator or in downstream grids at lower grid levels is taken into account and deducted if reported by the grid user. The costs of procuring active power losses in the transmission system which are not covered by the ITC mechanism or exceptional grid access and LTC holders is allocated or billed to the grid operators and end consumers directly connected to the transmission system via the active power loss tariff. The amount payable for active power losses is calculated based on the net active energy fed out from the transmission system, multiplied by the tariff for active power losses.

Individual ancillary services tariff for reactive energy The amount to be paid for reactive energy since 1 January 2010 is calculated from the reactive energy in excess of a tolerance threshold multiplied by the tariff for reactive energy. Since 1 January 2011, two tariffs are billed (for active and passive participants). These tariffs are also billed based on the amount of reactive energy measured when a tolerance threshold is exceeded. All billing-relevant tariff items are published on the Swissgrid website for each period in question.

Remuneration rate for active participants for reactive energy supplied according to requirements
(distribution system operators and power plants in the transmission system) Since 2010, power plants in the transmission system have been remunerated at the rate of 0.3 Rp./ kVarh for their compliant supply of reactive energy for voltage support in the transmission system. Since 2011, distribution system operators can also declare their feed-out points as active. Thus there have been two types of active participants since 2011 that actively support the voltage in the transmission system: power plants connected to the transmission system and feed-out points in the transmission system. Since 2011 active participants have also been remunerated at the rate of 0.3 Rp./ kVarh for their compliant supply of reactive energy for voltage support in the transmission system.

Simplified graphical representation of the various billing items for grid usage costs as well as general and individual ancillary services.

Example
A local distribution system operator has a distribution system at grid levels five and seven. Which costs will be billed to him? He will receive a bill from the transmission system operator for general ancillary services. These ancillary services will be billed in proportion to the volume of energy used by end consumers in his grid area at grid levels 5 to 7. The amount corresponds to the published general ancillary services tariff multiplied by the volume of electricity. Grid usage costs as well as duties and contributions to local authorities of the upstream grids are billed to him by the upstream grid operator. All in all, the local grid operator receives bills from a number of different places.

Graphic representation of the above example

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