FEDERATION EUROPEENNE DES ECOLES EUROPEAN FEDERATION OF SCHOOLS

Organisation non gouvernementale dote du statut participatif auprs du Conseil de lEurope NGO enjoying participatory status with the Council of Europe

UE B - LANGUE VIVANTE EUROPEENNE

UC B4 - Anglais Ecrit

Aucun dictionnaire autoris Les rponses doivent tre reportes sur la fiche optique fournie

Type dpreuve : QCM et Essai Dure : 1h45min Session : Juin 2011

Fdration Europenne Des Ecoles - European Federation of Schools - Juin 2011 UC B4 Anglais crit - Sujet

UC B4 - ANGLAIS ECRIT

BAREME DE NOTATION

1/ Questionnaire Choix Multiples* 2/ Texte complter* 3/ Essai Total

60 points 90 points 70 points 220 points

* DETAIL DU BAREME DE NOTATION DU QCM ET DU TEXTE A COMPLETER

Bonne rponse Absence de rponse Rponse errone

3 points 0 point -1 point

Fdration Europenne Des Ecoles - European Federation of Schools - Juin 2011 UC B4 Anglais crit - Sujet

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1/ Questionnaire choix multiples Texte de comprhension n1 Early retirement 'is good for us', research shows Taking early retirement is beneficial, at least for your mental health, say researchers. Their study of over 14,000 employees for France's national grid shows giving up work at 55 comes as a great relief to most, cutting stress and fatigue. However, the British Medical Journal study did not find any benefit in terms of physical health. Experts believe the picture is a complex one - other research suggests retirement may worsen health. A large study a year ago found those who stop working completely at retirement age are at greater risk of heart attacks, cancer and other major diseases than those who ease their way into retirement by taking a parttime job. Psychologists say this is because the right type of employment boosts a person's self-esteem and sense of well-being, and hence physical health. It also provides extra cash to feather what can be rather meagre nest eggs. Conversely, staying in a stressful job will have a negative impact. Researchers tracked the health of the French employees over a 15-year period that spanned both before and after the workers decided to take up their company's offer of early retirement at around the age of 55. In the year before retirement, a quarter of the workers had suffered from depressive symptoms and around one in 10 had a known medical condition such as diabetes or heart disease. After retirement there was a substantial drop in rates of both mental and physical fatigue, and a smaller but still significant decrease in depressive symptoms. This research tells us that we need to do something about the working life itself and change it to accommodate older people if they are to work for longer and in good health. This might mean offering more part-time working or a change in job role, for example. Another factor to consider is whether retirement is voluntary or not. Campaigners have argued that mandatory retirement when a person reaches a certain age is demoralising and discriminatory. Others are forced to carry on working for financial reasons. The UK government plans to scrap the default retirement age of 65 from October 2011. Retirement rules vary across Europe although, even where there is no default retirement age, figures from 2005 showed that people did not, on average, work beyond the age of 65.

Extracted from BBC News - 24 November 2010 1. The article deals with :
a. b. c. d. what people should do to obtain a comfortable income when retiring. the physical and mental problems due to retirement. investigations carried out on early retirement and consequences to mental and physical health accommodation for French employees after early retirement

2. those who ease their way into retirement means :

a. b. c. d. those who take it easy during retirement those who have planned a gradual retirement scheme those who have been eased into retirement those who find it easy to do

3. It also providesmeagre nest eggs. This suggests that it enables people to :

a. b. c. d. provide additional income for what would otherwise be considered as scanty savings change eggs into comfortable nests change what was initially skimpy nests into comfortable homes provide feathers to furnish insignificant nests
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Fdration Europenne Des Ecoles - European Federation of Schools - Juin 2011 UC B4 Anglais crit - Sujet

4. Researchers tracked the healthat around the age of 55. This suggests that :
a. b. c. d. researchers ran after employees for 15-years to determine health problems due to early retirement researchers tracked down French employees both before and after retirement researchers studied the attitude of French employees during a 15-year period researchers undertook a 15-year health survey in France that covered the period prior and subsequent to early retirement

5. there was a substantial drop in rates means :

a. b. c. d. rates plummeted rates were shot down rates skyrocketed rates were dropped

6. In this text, to accommodate means :

a. b. c. d. to house to settle for to allow for to take into

7. Others are forced to carry on means :

a. b. c. d. others are obliged to continue others are obliged to take on others are enticed into others have to wear

8. to scrap means :
a. b. c. d. to get rid of to take care of to write off to take on

9. even where there is no default retirement age means :

a. b. c. d. even where workers are not forced to retire even where there is no faulty retirement age even where there is no age limit even where you have to retire

10. work beyond the age of 65 means :

a. b. c. d. work to the age of 65 retire before the age of 65 continue working after the age of 65 retire when you are 65

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Texte de comprhension n2

A journey through the Earth's climate history World leaders prepare to meet in Copenhagen to discuss climate change - how did the Earth's climate arrive at its current state and how do scientists delve into the secrets of our planet's past? The layers of ice laid down each year in Antarctica and Greenland store a record of the Earth's climate. Bubbles of air trapped in the ice as it froze can be analysed to give details on temperature at the time it froze, and on atmospheric concentrations of gases. The oldest ice core so far extracted belongs to the European Project for Ice Coring in Antarctica (Epica). It allows scientists to look back 800,000 years. Over time, the Earth's orbit around the Sun varies slightly. This changes the amount of solar energy reaching the Earth's surface, alternately warming and cooling the planet's surface. In a warming phase, greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide are released and amplify the warming - increasing the natural greenhouse effect. They are stored again when an ice age starts. So over this period, we see temperature and carbon dioxide concentrations changing in step, in cycles lasting about 100,000 years. About 10,000 years ago, the Earth emerged from its most recent ice age. Agriculture developed, and the extra food supported a growing global population. The last 1,000 years saw development of international trade - and eventually, in the 1700s, the birth of the Industrial Revolution. This ran largely on coal and later, oil. A pattern of change affecting global or regional climate as measured by yardsticks such as average temperature and rainfall, or an alteration in frequency of extreme weather conditions. This variation may be caused by both natural processes and human activity. Global warming is one aspect of climate change. In the 20th Century, fuel use, industry, land clearance and agriculture all increased atmospheric concentrations of CO2 and other greenhouse gases. The temperature curve for the last 100 years shows two distinct periods of warming with an intervening period of cooling around 1940, probably caused by increased industrial emissions of aerosols, tiny particles that reflect sunlight. In the second half of the century, highly accurate measurements proved that carbon dioxide concentrations were steadily rising in a regular manner. Other greenhouse gases such as methane showed similar trends. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) concludes it is more than 90% probable that the warming seen in the second half of the 20th Century is mainly driven by human emissions of greenhouse gases. Extracted from BBC News - 3 December 2009

11. The article deals with :

a. b. c. d. a day in the history of climatic conditions on Earth a trip into Earth's climatic history a day in Earth's climatic history a daily jump into Earth's climatic history

12. The question asked in paragraph one concerns :

a. b. c. d. how the Earth came to be. how the Earth's climate has become what it is today. what the Earth's present state is. what the current climate is like.

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13. delve into means :

a. b. c. d. put in investigate pick up dive into

14. What is the property of Epica?

a. b. c. d. a belonging a corps a central part of ice an ice corps

15. Over time means :

a. b. c. d. extra hours over a given period of time extra time several times

16. Temperature and carbon dioxide concentrations can be seen changing in step means :
a. b. c. d. in time harmoniously once in a while musically

17. The Earth emerged from its most recent ice age means :
a. b. c. d. the Earth rises up from its most recent ice age the Earth woke up from its most recent ice age the Earth rose up from its most recent ice age the Earth wakes up from its most recent ice age

18. such as average temperature and rainfall means :

a. b. c. d. at average temperature and rainfall on average temperature and rainfall like average temperature and rainfall likely average temperature and rainfall

19. What does the temperature curve for the last 100 years show?
a. b. c. d. a period of warming and a period of cooling two distinct periods, one of warming and one of cooling two periods of warming interrupted by a period of cooling two distinct periods of warming in 1940 and a cooling period

20. What does the IPCC conclude?

a. b. c. d. it concludes that it was improbable that 90% of the warming had been caused by human emissions of greenhouse gases it concludes that it was unlikely that the warming had been caused by human emissions of greenhouse gases it concludes that it was more than probable that 10% of the warming was caused by human emissions of greenhouse gases it concludes that it was highly likely that almost 100% of the warming was caused by human emissions of greenhouse gases

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2/ Texte complter Hydrogen bus launched on London tourist route

The UK's first permanent hydrogen bus ______(21) ______ on a popular tourist route in London today. Seven more hydrogen buses will be added to the RV1 route which _____(22)________Covent Garden, the Tower of London and the South Bank - ______(23) ______ mid-2011. The initiative, which follows a trial of three hydrogen buses ______(24) ______ the capital between 2003 and 2007, has been described as a "stepping stone" to rolling out the technology across the country. The launch will also coincide with the opening of the UK's ______(25) _______hydrogen refuelling station in Leyton, east London. The new bus, which was designed specially for London, will begin carrying passengers tomorrow. It produces water vapour from its tailpipe and can operate for more than 18 hours without _____(26) _____to refuel. The buses contain batteries that can store electricity generated by the hydrogen fuel cell a device that combines hydrogen and oxygen to produce power and water as a by-product in addition to energy generated during the braking process._____(27) _____a result, they can travel much farther than the ones ____(28) _____ in London as part of the EU-sponsored Cute Cleaner Urban Transport for Europe project in 2003. The new buses were designed by the consortium of businesses that ____(29) _____ Vancouver with a _____(30) _____of 39 buses in 2009. "The main difference is that those buses were designed to ____(31) _____ temperatures ______(32) ______ -20C," said David Hart, a hydrogen fuel expert based at Imperial College ____(33) _____ was involved ______(34) _______Cute. More than 4,300 ______(35) _______ are caused in London by poor air quality every year, costing around 2bn a year. The new buses will go some way towards _______(36) ______ this ______(37) _____problem, says Hart. "All that comes out of ______(38) _____ buses is water vapour, so you don't get all of the nasty nitrogen oxides, sulphur oxides and particulate matter that diesel buses pump out into the air." The buses may also reduce carbon emissions but only if the hydrogen they run _______(39) ______ is generated using renewable electricity rather _____(40) _____ electricity produced by burning coal, he said. One key hurdle to rolling out the buses _______(41) ______ the UK is cost but Edwards ____(42) ____ optimistic that the situation will improve soon. "This technology is currently very new, with these buses being designed _____(43) _____ the London operating environment. As such, with development costs, these buses are typically more expensive than their traditional hybrid diesel counterpart. But as the technology _____(44) _____ along _____(45)____ the environment benefits they bring, the commercial market for these buses ______(46) ______ and we expect the costs to drop dramatically," he said. London is one of a handful of cities around the world to adopt hydrogen buses. In May 2003, Madrid _____(47) _____ the first city in the world to run a regular hydrogen bus service. Hamburg, Perth and Reykjavik quickly followed suit. Berlin's Clean Energy Partnership project, which began in 2006, _____(48) ______ to put 14 hydrogen buses and 40 hydrogen cars on the road by 2016. The largest hydrogen project in the world the Hydrogen Highway is based in California and has so far _____(49) ___ 30 refuelling stations. In December 2009, Amsterdam ______(50) _____ launched Nemo H2, a tour boat powered by hydrogen.

Extracted from The Guardian 10 December 2010

Fdration Europenne Des Ecoles - European Federation of Schools - Juin 2011 UC B4 Anglais crit - Sujet

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21. a. has been launched b. launches c. will be launched d. is launched 22. a. takes out b. takes away c. takes back d. takes in 23. a. by b. through c. on d. at 24. a. on b. in c. with d. above 25. a. larger b. larger than c. the largest d. largest 26. a. being needed b. needing c. the need for d. need 27. a. at b. as c. as far as d. as for 28. a. tailed b. trialled c. trailled d. trial 29. a. furnished b. furnish c. has furnished d. are furnishing

30. a. flotte b. fleet c. flight d. flock 31. a. with b. without c. withstand d. within 32. a. above b. on c. below d. over 33. a. which b. that c. who d. witch 34. a. at b. in c. on d. about 35. a. dead b. deads c. death d. deaths 36. a. backling b. backing c. tacking d. tackling 37. a. drier b. dire c. dryer d. dry 38. a. that b. those c. these d. this

39. a. from b. on c. in d. for 40. a. that b. on c. thus d. than 41. a. for b. across c. above d. from 42. a. was b. were c. has d. is 43. a. to suit b. to suite c. to do d. to carry 44. a. is b. is proven c. is proved d. prouved 45. a. with b. to c. from d. through 46. a. should open out b. should open up c. should open d. should open onto 47. a. become b. has become c. is becoming d. became

48. a. has aimed b. aims c. aimed d. was aimed 49. a. build b. builded c. built d. has built 50. a. although b. however c. has d. also

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3/ Essai

Why is the state pension age rising in France? Do you consider it a problem? How would you solve this problem? How will this measure change the way you perceive your future?
Describe the reasons why the state pension age is rising in France (historical, economical, political or social causes). Provide arguments for and against this measure. Suggest different solutions to this problem. Analyse how you could efficiently prepare for your retirement.

Answer in 400 words (+ ou - 10%).

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