MCI 25.

32e

MARINE CORPS INSTITUTE

HF/UHF FIELD RADIO EQUIPMENT

MARINE BARRACKS WASHINGTON, DC

UNITED STATES MARINE CORPS

MARINE CORPS INSTITUTE WASHINGTON NAVY YARD 912 POOR STREET SE WASHINGTON, DC 20391-5680
IN REPLY REFER TO:

2532E 21 Jan 98 MCI 2532E HF/UHF FIELD RADIO EQUIPMENT 1. Purpose. MCI course 2532E, HF/UHF Filed Radio Equipment, has been published to provide instruction to all Marines whose duties require them to operate the AN/PRC-104, AN/MRC138A, AN/GRC-193, AN/PRC-113 (V)3 or the AN/VRC-83 (V)2 radio sets. 2. Scope. This course addresses ancillary equipment applicable to the five radio sets, basic modulation theory, equipment usage, antenna tuning and tuning process, ECCM theory, and programming for ECCM. 3. Applicability. This course is intended for instructional purposes only. It is designed for use by Marines of all grades in the communications field. 4. Recommendations. Comments and recommendations on the contents of the course are invited and will aid in subsequent course revisions. Please complete the student suggestion form located at the end of the text and return it to: Director (Support Team) Marine Corps Institute Washington Navy Yard 912 Poor Street SE Washington, DC 20391-5680

G. White Lieutenant Colonel, U.S. Marine Corps Deputy Director

Table of Contents

Page Contents ........................................................................................................................... Student Information ......................................................................................................... Study Guide ..................................................................................................................... Study Unit 1 Lesson 1 Lesson 2 Study Unit 2 Lesson 1 Lesson 2 Lesson 3 Study Unit 3 Radio Set AN/PRC-104 ............................................................... Characteristics and Capabilities .................................................. AN/PRC-104 Operations ............................................................. Radio Sets AN/MRC-138A and GRC-193 ................................. Characteristics and Capabilities .................................................. AN/MRC-138A Set up and Preparation for Use ......................... AN/MRC-138A Operation and Troubleshooting ........................ Have Quick Radio Sets AN/PRC-113 (V)3 and AN/VRC-83 (V)2 ........................................................................ Characteristics and Capabilities .................................................. RT-1319B Electronic Counter-Counter Measures (ECCM) Operation ...................................................... i iii v 1-1 1-1 1-12 2-1 2-1 2-13 2-24

3-1 3-1 3-21 R-1

Lesson 1 Lesson 2

Review Lesson ................................................................................................................. Bibliography.....................................................................................................................

Student Information

Number and Title

MCI 2532e HF/UHF FIELD RADIO EQUIPMENT

Study Hours

15

Course Materials

Text

Review Agency

Marine Corps Communication Electronics School Twentynine Palms, CA 92278-5020

Reserve Retirement Credits (RRC)

ACE

Not applicable to civilian training/education

Assistance

For administrative assistance, have your training officer or NCO use the Unit Activity Report (UAR) or MCI Hotline. Marines worldwide may call toll free on 1-800-MCI-USMC. For assistance concerning course content matters, call the instructor at DSN 325-7529 or commercial (202) 685-7529.

Study Guide

Congratulations

Congratulations on your enrollment in a distance learning course from the Distance Learning and Technologies Department (DLTD) of the Marine Corps Institute (MCI). Since 1920, the Marine Corps Institute has been helping tens of thousands of hard-charging Marines, like you, improve their technical job performance skills through distance training. By enrolling in this course, you have shown a desire to improve the skills you have and master new skills to enhance your job performance. The distance learning course you have chosen, MCI 2532E, HF/UHF Field Radio Equipment, has been published to provide instruction to Marines who utilize test equipment. This course provides instruction in the fundamentals needed to accurately perform measurements with test equipment and on the administration of test equipment assets.

Your Personal Characteristics

YOU ARE PROPERLY MOTIVATED. You have made a positive decision to get training on your own. Self-motivation is perhaps the most important force in learning or achieving anything. Doing whatever is necessary to learn is motivation. You have it! YOU SEEK TO IMPROVE YOURSELF. You are enrolled to improve those skills you already possess, and to learn new skills. When you improve yourself, you improve the Corps! YOU HAVE THE INITIATIVE TO ACT. By acting on your own, you have shown you are a self-starter, willing to reach out for opportunities to learn and grow. YOU ACCEPT CHALLENGES. You have self-confidence and believe in your ability to acquire knowledge and skills. You have the selfconfidence to set goals and the ability to achieve them, enabling you to meet every challenge. YOU ARE ABLE TO SET AND ACCOMPLISH PRACTICAL GOALS. You are willing to commit time, effort, and the resources necessary to set and accomplish your goals. These professional traits will help you successfully complete this distance training course.
Continued on next page

Study Guide, Continued

Beginning Your Course

Before you actually begin this course of study, read the student information page. If you find any course materials missing, notify your training officer or training NCO. If you have all the required materials, you are ready to begin. To begin your course of study, familiarize yourself with the structure of the course text. One way to do this is to read the table of contents. Notice the table of contents covers specific areas of study and the order in which they are presented. You will find the text divided into several study units. Each study unit is comprised of two or more lessons, lesson exercises, and finally, a study unit exercise.

Leafing Through the Text

Leaf through the text and look at the course. Read a few lesson exercise questions to get an idea of the type of material in the course. If the course has additional study aids, such as a handbook or plotting board, familiarize yourself with them.

The First Study Unit

Turn to the first page of study unit 1. On this page you will find an introduction to the study unit and generally the first study unit lesson. Study unit lessons contain learning objectives, lesson text, and exercises.

Reading the Learning Objectives

Learning objectives describe in concise terms what the successful learner, you, will be able to do as a result of mastering the content of the lesson text. Read the objectives for each lesson and then read the lesson text. As you read the lesson text, make notes on the points you feel are important.

Completing the Exercises

To determine your mastery of the learning objectives and text, complete the exercises developed for you. Exercises are located at the end of each lesson, and at the end of each study unit. Without referring to the text, complete the exercise questions and then check your responses against those provided.
Continued on next page

vi

Study Guide, Continued

Continuing to March

Continue on to the next lesson, repeating the above process until you have completed all lessons in the study unit. Follow the same procedures for each study unit in the course.

Seeking Assistance

If you have problems with the text or exercise items that you cannot solve, ask your training officer or training NCO for assistance. If they cannot help you, request assistance from your MCI distance learning instructor by completing the course content assistance request form located at the back of the course.

Preparing for the Final Exam

To prepare for your final exam, you must review what you learned in the course. The following suggestions will help make the review interesting and challenging. CHALLENGE YOURSELF. Try to recall the entire learning sequence without referring to the text. Can you do it? Now look back at the text to see if you have left anything out. This review should be interesting. Undoubtedly, youll find you were not able to recall everything. But with a little effort, youll be able to recall a great deal of the information. USE UNUSED MINUTES. Use your spare moments to review. Read your notes or a part of a study unit, rework exercise items, review again; you can do many of these things during the unused minutes of every day. APPLY WHAT YOU HAVE LEARNED. It is always best to use the skill or knowledge youve learned as soon as possible. If it isnt possible to actually use the skill or knowledge, at least try to imagine a situation in which you would apply this learning. For example make up and solve your own problems. Or, better still, make up and solve problems that use most of the elements of a study unit.
Continued on next page

vii

Study Guide, Continued

Preparing for the Final Exam, continued

USE THE SHAKEDOWN CRUISE TECHNIQUE. Ask another Marine to lend a hand by asking you questions about the course. Choose a particular study unit and let your buddy fire away. This technique can be interesting and challenging for both of you! MAKE REVIEWS FUN AND BENEFICIAL. Reviews are good habits that enhance learning. They dont have to be long and tedious. In act, some learners find short reviews conducted more often prove more beneficial.

Tackling the Final Exam

When you have completed your study of the course material and are confident with the results attained on your study unit exercises, take the sealed envelope marked FINAL EXAM to your unit training NCO or training officer. Your training NCO or officer will administer the final examination and return the examination and the answer sheet to MCI for grading. Before taking your final examination, read the directions on the DP-37 answer sheet carefully.

Completing Your Course

The sooner you complete your course, the sooner you can better yourself by applying what youve learned! HOWEVER--you do have 2 years from the date of enrollment to complete this course. If you need an extension, please complete the Student Request/Inquiry Form (MCI-R11) located at the back of the course and deliver it to your training officer or training NCO.

Graduating!

As a graduate of this distance learning course and as a dedicated Marine, your job performance skills will improve, benefiting you, your unit, and the Marine Corps.

Semper Fidelis!

viii

STUDY UNIT 1 RADIO SET AN/PRC-104 Introduction. Marine Air Ground Task Force (MAGTF) operations rely heavily on communications. The unit's communications section is often tasked with providing the commander with a radio net capable of communicating with stations hundreds or thousands of miles away. From time to time you will be required to support your unit with these longrange capabilities, and your ability to use the right equipment will greatly enhance your unit's effectiveness. This study unit deals with one of the radios in the Marine Corps inventory that will provide you with the "horsepower" to do this, the AN/PRC-104. Lesson 1. CHARACTERISTICS AND CAPABILITIES OF THE AN/PRC-104

LEARNING OBJECTIVES 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 1101. Describe Radio Set AN/PRC-104. List the components of the AN/PRC-104. List the technical characteristics of the AN/PRC-104. Given an illustration of the RT-1209, identify the controls and connectors. Given an illustration of the AM-6874, identify the controls and connectors. List the operational features and modes of the AN/PRC-104. Description of the AN/PRC-104

The AN/PRC-104 is a lightweight, man-packable, sideband radio set that operates in the High Frequency (HF) spectrum using ground wave and sky wave propagation. It provides short- and long- range communications and is capable of secure voice communications using the TSEC/KY-65 or TSEC/KY-99. The AN/PRC-104 uses the upper sideband (USB) or the lower side- band (LSB) of the dial frequency, as determined by you, the operator. It is capable of normal voice communications, covered (encrypted) voice, continuous wave (CW) for Morse code, or data. 1102. Components of the AN/PRC-104

Let's look at what makes up the AN/PRC-104 Radio Set. First, notice the term "Radio Set." There are many parts, or components, that make the AN/PRC-104 Radio Set. Figure 1-1 on the next page shows you a basic components list.

1-1

+))))))))))))))))))0)))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))), REFERENCE * COMPONENT * * /))))))))))))))))))3))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))1 1 * Amplifier/Coupler AM-6874 * * 2 * Antenna AT-271A * * 3 * Shock mount AB-129 * * 4 * Cable, Power CX-13031 * * 5 * Cable, Power CX-13030 * * 6 * Cable, Crypto Interface * * * 7 * Cable, RF CG-3815 * 8 * Battery Box CY-7875A * * 9 * Transit case CY-7542A * * 10 * Handset H-250 * * 11 * Telegraph key KY-872 * * 12 * ALICE pack * * 13 * Receiver-Exciter RT-1209 * * 14 * Antenna base AB-1241 * * .))))))))))))))))))2))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))-

Fig 1-1.

Basic components of the AN/PRC-104.

1-2

Note: Figure 1-1 is a basic listing of AN/PRC-104 components only. to the current edition of SL-3-07748A for an accurate parts listing. 1103. AN/PRC-104 Technical Characteristics

Refer

Use table 1-1 to identify the technical characteristics of the AN/PRC-104 Radio Set. Table 1-1. Technical Characteristics of the AN/PRC-104

+))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))0)))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))), CHARACTERISTIC * DESCRIPTION * * G444444444444444444444444444444P44444444444444444444444444444444I * 2.000 to 29.999 MHz * * Frequency range * * * 100 Hz spacing * * * 280,000 available channels * * * * Manual * * Frequency selection * * * * Single Sideband (SSB) * * Modulation * * * * Power requirements * 20 to 32 VDC * * * * * Voice/CW * * Operating modes * * * Secure voice * * * Data * * * Receive only * * * * Automatic, within 12 seconds * * Antenna tuning * * * * 20 watts * * Output RF power * * * * 14 lbs without accessories * * Weight .))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))2))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))-

Okay, now that we've covered all this material, let's do a quick check to see what you know about the AN/PRC-104. Make sure you can answer the following questions before you move on to the next paragraph. 1. What is the operating frequency of the Radio Set? ______________________________________________________ 2. 3. What portion of the RF spectrum does the AN/PRC-104 use? Using ________ watts of output power, the AN/PRC-104 is generally used for what type of communications? ______________________________________________________

1-3

ANSWERS: 1. 2. 3. 1104. 2 to 29.999 MHz. High Frequency. 20, short- and long-range. RT-1209 Controls and Connectors

The two major parts of the AN/PRC-104 are the receiver-transmitter RT-1209 and the RF Amplifier/Coupler AM-6874. During operation, these two items are fastened together to form one unit. Figure 1-2 gives an illustration of that integrated unit. Use table 1-2 to determine the use and function of the controls and connectors on the RT-1209. Table 1-2. Controls and connectors on the RT-1209

+)))))))))0)))0))))))))))))))))))))))))0)))))))))))))))))))))))), *REF* ACTION * RESULT OF ACTION * * ITEM G444444444P444P444444444444444444444444P444444444444444444444444I * 1 *Connecting handset *Voice communication * *AUDIO *Secure voice * * * *Connecting KY cable * * * *communication * /)))))))))3)))3))))))))))))))))))))))))3))))))))))))))))))))))))1 * *FREQUENCY* 2 *Pressing desired button *Changes to the next * *higher number, or to * *DISPLAY * * * *zero if at nine. Digits* *AND * *are independent. * *BUTTONS * /)))))))))3)))3))))))))))))))))))))))))3))))))))))))))))))))))))1 *Allows operation in LSB * *SIDEBAND * 3 *Rotating left (LSB) * * * * *SWITCH *Allows operation in USB * * * *Rotating right (USB) /)))))))))3)))3))))))))))))))))))))))))3))))))))))))))))))))))))1 * 4 *Set to far left (V-RCV) *Receive only for voice * *MODE * * * * *SWITCH *Receive and transmit for* * * *Set to left-center *voice * * * *(V-TR) * * * * * *Receive and transmit for* * * *Set to right-center *data * * * *(D-TR) * * * * * *Receive only for data * * * *Set to far right * * * * *(D-RCV) /)))))))))3)))3))))))))))))))))))))))))3))))))))))))))))))))))))1 * 5 *Pressing *Lights behind frequency * *LIGHT * * * *display will illuminate * /)))))))))3)))3))))))))))))))))))))))))3))))))))))))))))))))))))1 *VOLUME * 6 *Rotating clockwise *Turns radio on, then * * * * * *increases volume * * * * * * * *Rotating counterclock- *Decreases volume, then * *turns radio off * * * *wise .)))))))))2)))2))))))))))))))))))))))))2))))))))))))))))))))))))-

1-4

Note: This MCI course does not contain illustrations of the newer RT1209A. The functioning of this new receiver-transmitter is nearly identical to that of the RT-1209.

Fig 1-2.

RT-1209 and AM-6874 front panels.

All right, without looking back to page 1-4, see if you can answer the following questions: 1. If you wanted the RT-1209 to operate in receive only, which control would you use? ______________________________________________________ 2. The two choices of the sideband switch are ___________ and ______________. 3. How do you illuminate the frequency display? ______________________________________________________

1-5

ANSWERS: 1. The MODE switch, set to either V-RCV or D-RCV. 2. Upper sideband and lower sideband (USB/LSB). 3. Press the LIGHT button. Hopefully, your answers will be the same as these; if not, you may wish to review paragraph 1104.
1105. AM-6874 Controls and Connectors

The other part of the integrated unit shown in figure 1-2 is the Amplifier/Coupler, AM-6874. This unit is responsible for antenna tuning and amplifying the RF output of the RT-1209 to a level of 20 watts. Refer to table 1-3 and figure 1-3 for a description of the controls and connectors on the AM-6874.

1-6

Table 1-3.

AM-6874 Controls and Connectors

+)))))))))0)))0))))))))))))))))))))))))0)))))))))))))))))))))))), * ITEM *REF* ACTION * RESULT OF ACTION * G444444444P444P444444444444444444444444P444444444444444444444444I *ANTENNA * 1 *Connecting whip antenna *Portable communications * /)))))))))3)))3))))))))))))))))))))))))3))))))))))))))))))))))))1 *ANTENNA * 2 *Setting to left *Antenna tuner is in * * * *operation. RF is passed* *SELECT * * * * *to the whip antenna. * * * * * *Antenna tuner is in * * * *Setting to center * * * *operation. RF is passed* * * * *to BNC connector for the* * * * * *external antenna. * * * * * *Antenna tuner is off. * * * *Setting to right * * * * *RF is passed to BNC * * * * *connector for the * * * * *external antenna. /)))))))))3)))3))))))))))))))))))))))))3))))))))))))))))))))))))1 * *ANTENNA * 3 *Connecting 50p (50 ohm) *Fixed communications * * * * *coaxial cable /)))))))))3)))3))))))))))))))))))))))))3))))))))))))))))))))))))1 * 4 *Pressing down *Allows connection of * *GND * * * * *grounding strap .)))))))))2)))2))))))))))))))))))))))))2))))))))))))))))))))))))-

Fig 1-3.

AM-6874 front panel.

1-7

1106.

AN/PRC-104 Operational Features and Modes

Now let's talk about some of the things this radio set can do and how to make it do what you want. In lesson 2 we will talk about how to set up and operate the AN/PRC-104. a. Receiver-Transmitter RT-1209. (1) Frequency changes. The RT-1209 has six frequency switches. Each switch has a button and a display and each switch works independently of the others. When you press a switch's button, it will "scroll" to the next higher digit. For instance, if the switch in question shows you a "6" and you press the button, it would scroll up to "7." Now, when it shows a "9," what do you think the next number would be? An "8"? No, it would scroll over to a zero.

Look at figure 1-4. Here's something you may find odd. Do you remember what the frequency range of this radio is? Of course you do, it's 2-29.999 MHz. But the front of the RT-1209 shows the frequency in kHz, or kilohertz. No doubt you also remember that one megahertz is the same as one thousand kilohertz. Therefore, when the RT-1209 display shows say, 3,450.9 kHz, it is exactly the same as 3.4509 MHz.

Fig 1-4.

RT-1209 frequency display.

The display in figure 1-4 shows us a frequency 18.5256 MHz. How would you change it to 21.5256 MHz? Very easy--press the button under the "1" once so it would show a "2," then press the button under the "8" three times so it would show a "1".

1-8

There is one more thing you need to know about the frequency selection of this radio. During the technical characteristics discussion in paragraph 1103, you learned that the radio is automatically tuned. There are a couple of ways you can initiate the automatic tuning cycle; one of them is by changing the frequency by 1 kHz or more. This means if you press any of the frequency buttons, except for the last one on the right, you will re-initialize tuning. The frequency button on the right is the 100 Hz switch and has no effect on tuning. (2) Sideband switch. Obviously, this switch selects either upper or lower sideband but what does that mean? Read on and we'll discuss this. We have to start with a little modulation and demodulation theory. One of the principal functions of a receiver-transmitter is to modulate RF energy with audio (transmit), and to demodulate RF energy to audio (receive). This is, after all, how our voice is transferred from one radio to another, right? During transmit, the RT-1209 internally generates the radio frequency determined by the front panel. To make this easy, let's talk about a front panel, or "dial," frequency of 2 MHz. Remember, the RT-1209 would read "02,000.0" because it is shown in kHz! So, we've got a dial frequency of 2 MHz. In the modulation process, the RT-1209 is going to add and subtract audio from the dial frequency. For instance, assume right now that we have a constant audio tone of 1 kHz. The RT-1209 is going to add the 1 kHz of audio to the 2 MHz of dial frequency, and it will subtract the 1 kHz of audio from the 2 MHz of dial frequency. Simple arithmetic shows us: 2,000 kHz (2 MHz) + 1 kHz
))))))))))

dial frequency audio

2,001 kHz and... 2,000 kHz (2 MHz) - 1 kHz

))))))))))

dial frequency audio

1,999 kHz Notice that when we added the audio to the dial frequency, we got a result that was higher than the dial frequency and that when we subtracted, the result was lower than dial frequency. So, using this method of modulation, we ended up with two frequencies: 2,001 kHz and 1,999 kHz. Instead of calling them "frequencies," let's now call them "sidebands." Getting the picture yet?

1-9

Would it be safe to assume that the sideband above the dial frequency is known as the "upper" sideband, and the sideband below is the "lower" sideband? Yes, it certainly would. In receive, the RT-1209 will take the incoming modulated RF signal, and, through a process of mixing frequencies, will recover the audio. If the sideband switch is in LSB, the radio will recover everything below the dial frequency. Conversely, if you are in USB, the radio will recover everything above the dial frequency. Pretty simple, eh? So, what if you are receiving on USB and the transmitting station is on LSB? Well, first of all, you will notice that the audio you receive is substantially weaker. Why? When you have the RT-1209 set to USB, it will try to filter out all frequencies other than those in the USB. Second, the distant station will sound "off frequency"; the pitch of the voice will either be very high or very low. (3) Mode Switch. This switch controls internal circuitry used to adjust for rapid changes in audio (as in data), to changes in impedance for compatibility with data equipment, and to inhibit (prevent) the transmit function when properly set. Let's go over each one of these functions separately. (a) (b) (c) Voice Receive (V-RCV). The transmit function of the RT-1209 is inhibited; voice or CW (Morse code) can be received. Voice Transmit/Receive (V-TR). receive voice or CW. The radio can transmit or

Data Transmit/Receive (D-TR). The radio can transmit or receive data and the internal impedance changes to match the data equipment. The RT-1209 volume control will have no effect on the level of audio heard in the handset. Data Receive (D-RCV). The transmit function is inhibited, but the radio will receive data information. The internal impedance changes to match the data equipment. The volume control will have no effect on the level of audio.

(d)

b. Amplifier/Coupler AM-6874. The lone switch on the AM-6874 controls how the RF is routed between the antenna and the RT-209. (1) Whip position. By setting the switch to the 9 o'clock position, the RF will be routed to the whip antenna. It will also place the antenna tuner in the transmission line.

1-10

(2)

BNC position. By setting the switch to the 7 o'clock position, the RF will be routed to the BNC connector below the switch. Connect a coaxial cable to this connector and route it to an external antenna. As with the whip position, the antenna tuner is on and in the transmission line. BNC 50p position. By setting the switch to the 6 o'clock position, the RF will be routed to the BNC connector below the switch. Unlike the other two positions, the antenna tuner is now inoperable and not in use. The AM-6874 is fixed at a 50p impedance. Finding an antenna that would match perfectly with the AM-6874 is highly unlikely. Therefore, consider this position for emergencies only.

(3)

Congratulations! You've just finished the first lesson of this study unit. Look over the questions below and make sure you can answer any question asked about what we've covered so far. 1. What two components make up the basic unit of the AN/PRC-104? ______________________________________________________ 2. If you wanted to transmit and receive Morse code, in which position would you place the RT-1209 mode switch? ______________________________________________________ Which frequency button will not initiate the tuning cycle? ______________________________________________________ 4. 5. ANSWERS: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. The RT-1209 and the AM-6874 V-TR The one on the far right, the 100 Hz button. 2, 29.999 higher The frequency range of the RT-1209 is from ___________ MHz to ____________ MHz. When in USB, the radio will transmit a frequency that is ____________ than the dial frequency.

3.

Lesson Summary. Up to this point we have discussed the basic components of the AN/PRC-104, how each front panel connector and control work, and what the radio set is used for. In the next lesson you will learn how to set up and use the AN/PRC-104.

1-11

Lesson 2.

AN/PRC-104 OPERATION

Introduction. As an expert in the material we presented in the first lesson, you know what the AN/PRC-104 is and what it can do for you. Now we will add information about how to set up and operate it. LEARNING OBJECTIVES 1. 2. 3. 4. 1201. Describe the components of the AN/PRC-104. Describe the procedures for the installation and set-up of the AN/PRC-104. Describe the AN/PRC-104 automatic tuning cycle operation. Identify the audible indicators, warning tones, and faults. Components of the AN/PRC-104

In lesson one, you learned that a rather substantial list of items makes up the AN/PRC-104. Using figure 1-5 and table 1-4, let's cover these components in a little more depth.

Fig 1-5.

Basic components of the AN/PRC-104.

1-12

Table 1-4.

Components of the AN/PRC-104

+)))))))))))))0)))))))))0))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))), * NOMENCLATURE*REFERENCE* DESCRIPTION OF FUNCTION * G4444444444444P444444444P444444444444444444444444444444444444444I 1 *Amplifies RF to a level of 20 watts and * * Amplifier/ * * Coupler * *provides antenna tuning. Latches to * * *side of RT-1209. * * AM-6874 /)))))))))))))3)))))))))3)))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))1 * 2 *Used while AN/PRC-104 is man-packed, * * Antenna * *but may be used for fixed-positions. * * AT-271A * * * *Connects to the AB-129 shock mount. /)))))))))))))3)))))))))3)))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))1 * 3 *Provides a semi-flexible base for the * * Shock * *AT-271A. Connects to the whip * * Mount * *connector on the AM-6874. * * AB-129 /)))))))))))))3)))))))))3)))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))1 * 4 *Used as a battery extender cable. Can * * Cable * *be used in extremely cold environments * * Assembly * *to position batteries next to a source * * CX-13031 * * * *of heat (your body, for example). /)))))))))))))3)))))))))3)))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))1 * Cable * 5 *Generally used by maintenance * * *personnel, but may be used to power the * * Assembly * *AN/PRC-104 from an external source. * * CX-13030 /)))))))))))))3)))))))))3)))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))1 * 6 *Used to connect the RT-1209 audio * * Cable * *connector to the TSEC/KY-65 or * * Crypto * *TSEC/KY-99. * * Interface /)))))))))))))3)))))))))3)))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))1 * 7 *May be used to connect the AM-6874 to * * Cable * *a nearby external antenna. Also used * * Assembly * *for maintenance purposes. * * CG-3815 /)))))))))))))3)))))))))3)))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))1 * 8 *Used to house two BB-590 or BA-5590 * * Battery * *batteries. Fastens to the bottom of * * Box * *RT-1209/AM-6874 assembly. * * CY-7875A /)))))))))))))3)))))))))3)))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))1 * 9 *Used to protect the AN/PRC-104 while * * Transit * *in transit or in storage. The rest of * * Case * *the radio set fits inside. * * CY-7542 /)))))))))))))3)))))))))3)))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))1 * 10 *Connects to the RT-1209 audio * * Handset * *connectors for use during normal voice * * H-250 * * * *communications. /)))))))))))))3)))))))))3)))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))1 * Telegraph * 11 *Connects to the RT-1209 audio * * *connectors for transmitting Morse code. * * Key * *Placed on operator's leg just above the * * KY-872 * * * *knee. /)))))))))))))3)))))))))3)))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))1 12 *Used to pack radio set. * * ALICE Pack * .)))))))))))))2)))))))))2)))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))-

1-13

Table 1-4.

Components of the AN/PRC-104--contd.

+)))))))))))))0)))))))))0))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))), * NOMENCLATURE*REFERENCE* DESCRIPTION OF FUNCTION * G4444444444444P444444444P444444444444444444444444444444444444444I * 13 *Provides all normal radio functions. * * Receiver * Transmitter * *Latches to the side of the AM-6874. * * * * * RT-1209 /)))))))))))))3)))))))))3)))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))1 * 14 *Used for antenna AS-2259. Connects to * * Antenna * *the AM-6874 with CG-3815 coaxial cable. * * Base * * * * AB-1241 .)))))))))))))2)))))))))2)))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))-

Now you have a little better idea of what each individual component does. remember: the radio is an RT-1209; the Radio Set is the AN/PRC-104! 1202. Installation and Set-up of the AN/PRC-104

And

All of the information you have learned up to this point will now come into good use. We are going to cover the procedures for turning the AN/PRC-104 into an operational HF radio. a. Requirements. Before you can start, make sure you have the following items available to you: (1) Radio Set. Make sure the AN/PRC-104 is SL-3 complete and has had preventive maintenance (PM) done recently. Refer to the equipment record jacket for this. Batteries. You will need two batteries. You can use either the BB590/U rechargeable NiCad batteries or two BA-5590/U lithium batteries.

(2)

Warning: NEVER mix battery types because they have different voltages and discharge rates. (3) (4) Frequency/SB selection. Get the frequency and the sideband selection (USB/LSB) from your supervisor. Grounding equipment. Get a grounding stake or rod and a grounding strap that will connect to the AM-6874 GND post.

b. Safety. When working on or around electrical equipment, always go the extra mile to protect yourself, your equipment, and those around you. In preparing a radio set for use as well as during its operation, safety should always be on your mind. Do you know what the two main safety concerns are? It's what you put into the radio and what you get out of it. That's right, input power and radio frequency (RF) output power.

1-14

(1)

Input Power. The RT-1209 uses two BA-5590/U lithium batteries or two BB-590/U nickel cadmium (NiCad) batteries. If you work in the battery charging area or even near it, make sure you are aware of safety procedures. When operating the radio set, you must make absolutely sure that the batteries you are using are of the same type. NiCad and lithium batteries have different output voltages and different discharge rates. Using one of each in the RT-1209 could cause one or both of the batteries to discharge gas faster than normal, which in turn could cause a violent explosion inside the battery box. Never mix batteries! RF output. This radio set does not put out enough power to kill you; however, it will get your attention if you're not careful! In transmit, your radio is radiating energy. That energy is a very intense alternating current (AC) wave form that can cause severe burns. Be careful when around antennas and antenna cables. Grounding. This area is often forgotten or ignored when it comes to communications equipment. Grounding this equipment will do two things for you: First, it will protect you and others. Any unwanted voltages or RF will be shunted to ground rather than to you. Second, it will improve the quality of your communications. The better the ground, the better that quality will be.

(2)

(3)

c.

Set-up procedures for the AN/PRC-104. (1) (2) Step 1. Remove the RT-1209, AM-6874, one complete battery box, H250, AT-271A, and the AB-129 from the transit case. Step 2. Set the switches and controls on the RT-1209 to the following positions: (a) (b) (c) (d) (3) Sideband: Mode: Volume: Frequency: Either V-RCV Off 2,000.0 kHz

Step 3. Place the batteries in the upper half of the battery box, gently pressing them onto the connectors. Fit the lower half of the battery box over the batteries and latch both halves together. Step 4. Being very careful with the connectors on the side of each, gently press together the RT-1209 and the AM-6874. Latch them together using the latches on the AM-6874. Refer to figure 1-6. Step 5. Using the latches on the battery box, latch it to the RT1209/AM-6874 assembly. Refer to figure 1-6.

(4)

(5)

1-15

Fig 1-6.

AN/PRC-104 set-up.

(6)

Step 6. Extend the AT-271 to its full length. Screw its male end into the female end of the AB-129. Being careful not to strip the threads, screw the whip antenna assembly into the antenna connector on the AM-6874. Do not over tighten! Step 7. Place the H-250 on either of the RT-1209 audio connectors. Most communicators prefer a coat of saliva on the o-ring to aid in fastening the handset. Although it does make the connection easy to make, it does absolutely nothing for moisture prevention. A light coat of silicone grease will make the connection easy and moisture resistant.

(7)

1-16

(8)

Step 8. Having driven the grounding stake or rod into the earth, connect the grounding strap between the stake or rod and the GND post on the AM-6874. Step 9. Turn the VOLUME switch on the RT-1209 clockwise to turn the radio on. You should immediately hear a rushing noise in the handset. Continue to turn the VOLUME control clockwise to increase the audio volume as you desire.

(9)

Note: If a loud beeping is heard in the handset, the frequency on the RT1209 is below 2 MHz. Setting the frequency at or above 2 MHz will clear the alarm. (10) Step 10. Set the RT-1209 Sideband switch and frequency controls to the desired settings. Set the AM-6874 ANT SEL switch to the far left which is the whip antenna position. Step 11. Briefly press the push-to-talk switch on the H-250 to initiate the tuning cycle. You should hear a "tune" tone in the handset for anywhere from 2 to 12 seconds. When the tone ceases and you hear the rushing noise again, the radio has successfully tuned and is ready for use.

(11)

There are two basic ways the AN/PRC-104 can be used: in a fixed position or man-packed. To pack the radio, remove the ALICE pack from the transmit case and put the RT-1209/AM-6874 assembly inside. Using this radio in a fixed position is often better because you can ground it and you can also use the AS-2259 near vertical incidence sky wave (NVIS) antenna. Using the CG-3815 RF cable and the AB-1241 antenna base, the AS-2259 will greatly increase both distance and quality of communications. If you choose to use the AS-2259 antenna, remember to set the ANT SEL switch on the AM-6874 to the middle position. The AS-2259 antenna is covered in depth in MCI 25.15, Antenna Construction and Propagation of Radio Waves. If you haven't already completed that course, it would be an excellent follow-on to this one.

1-17

1203.

AN/PRC-104 Automatic Tuning Cycle

Understanding how the AN/PRC-104 tuning cycle works will pay dividends for you in the future. If you know what to expect and what to listen for, you will be better able to troubleshoot the system or to identify a bad or weakened antenna. a. Theory of operation. "Tuning" an antenna is nothing more than changing the electrical length of the antenna and adjusting the impedance of the transmission line. Do you remember what component of the AN/PRC-104 does this? That's right, the AM-6874. This "magic" device actually does two things for us: First, it tunes the antenna. Second, it constantly monitors the transmission line and will automatically re-tune the radio if any significant changes occur. (1) Tuning. When the tuning cycle is initiated, the AM-6874 will add and subtract internal reactive components in a binary count until an acceptable voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) is achieved. So what does that mean? Basically, VSWR is the amount of RF power going to the antenna versus the amount of RF power being radiated off the antenna. Take for instance a VSWR of 2.3:1. It means for every 2.3 watts of RF applied to the antenna, only 1 watt is being radiated. This example would be an unacceptable VSWR for the AN/PRC-104. VSWR, as it relates to you, is the quality of the transmission line including the antenna. A perfect VSWR would be 1:1. This would mean that 100 percent of the RF leaving the radio would be radiated off the antenna. Achieving a perfect VSWR is impossible, but ratios of 1.1:1 up to about 1.6:1 are considered very good. From the beginning of the tuning cycle, the AM-6874 will electronically lengthen and/or shorten the antenna until the length and reactance results in a VSWR of better than 1.5:1. This radio set considers itself tuned when it obtains a ratio better than 1.5:1 VSWR. It usually takes about three seconds to achieve this tuned state, but, depending on the length of the antenna, may take up to 12 seconds. If the AM-6874 cannot find the correct match of reactive components within 12 seconds, the system will fault. (2) Transmission line monitoring. After the AM-6874 has been successfully tuned, it will continue to monitor the transmission line to ensure that the VWSR remains below 1.5:1. If everything is working normally and VSWR stays below 1.5:1, the radio will operate without incident. If the AM-6874 senses a degrading or bad VSWR, a few things could happen.

1-18

(a)

If, for whatever reason, the VSWR rises above 1.5:1 during a transmission, the AM-6874 will enable an internal function called "tuner check enable." At the beginning of the next transmission, tuner check enable will cause the AM-6874 to recheck the VSWR. If the VSWR is better than 1.6:1, the AM-6874 will allow the system to operate normally. If VSWR has degraded to worse than 1.6:1, the AM-6874 will automatically re-tune the radio. You won't be able to transmit until the tuning cycle is complete.

(b) (c)

Now that you know about transmission line monitoring, let's explore how it can be useful to you while operating the AN/PRC-104. After the radio is tuned, you will not hear anything in the handset except for the expected audio signals. But, if the VSWR goes up, you will hear some warning tones. If VSWR goes above 1.5:1, you will hear a short "beep" at the beginning of the next transmission. If the VSWR stays above 1.5:1 but below 1.6:1, you will hear this "beep" at the beginning of each transmission. So why would this happen, especially after the radio was tuned? Say your antenna is exposed to some wind. The swaying back and forth may loosen some elements and cause the VSWR to degrade slightly. Or maybe your coaxial cable going to the external antenna has some sub-standard soldering in it and is about to fail. These could cause VSWR to go above 1.5:1 after the radio is tuned. So, when you hear a beep in your handset, you will know that VSWR was above 1.5:1 at some time during the last transmission. If VSWR goes above 1.6:1, the radio will re-tune at the beginning of the next transmission. Now what would cause this to happen? If that wind happens to be in excess of 100 MPH, it might just break that antenna off, right? Obviously your antenna is now a different length, and to maximize transmission quality and distance, the AM6874 will re-tune to match the new length. Let's draw some conclusions from all of this: If your radio tunes within 12 seconds, the antenna and transmission line are acceptable. If you hear a short beep at the beginning of a transmission but no tune tone, you VSWR has degraded to above 1.5:1, but is still below 1.6:1. Time to check connections, the transmission line, and the antenna.

1-19

If the radio re-tunes after it had successfully tuned once, your VSWR exceeded 1.6:1. You may have a problem that will significantly reduce your range, even though the radio can re-tune. If the radio cannot achieve a VSWR of below 1.5:1, you will hear a tuning fault. Spend a few minutes on the following questions to make sure you understand what we've covered up to this point. 1. Changing the electrical length of the antenna and the impedance of the transmission line is referred to as what? ______________________________________________________ 2. VSWR is best described as ______________________________________________________ 3. 4. The AM-6874 will tune until a VSWR of ____________ is achieved. At what point will the AM-6874 enable "tuner check enable?" ______________________________________________________ 5. What does a short beep in the handset mean? ______________________________________________________ 6. What has happened when the AM-6874 re-tunes at the beginning of a transmission? ______________________________________________________ ANSWERS: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Tuning. Quality of the transmission line. below 1.5:1 When VSWR goes above 1.5:1 during a transmission. The VSWR went above 1.5:1 during the previous transmission and the AM6874 activated "tuner check enable." The transmission line was found to have a VSWR below 1.6:1. The VSWR went above 1.6:1 during the previous transmission. If you didn't get all the answers, you way want to review

6.

How did you do? paragraph 1203.

1-20

1204.

Audible Indicators, Warning Tones and Faults

The AN/PRC-104 uses six audible indicators to inform you of system conditions and faults. These indicators must be committed to memory. a. Low-battery indicator. The voltage of the input batteries ranges from 24 to 28 VDC. Should this input voltage drop below 20 VDC, the AN/PRC-104 will produce a "clicking" noise while in transmit. This tells you that enough power is left for only 5-6 short transmissions. If you hear a constant clicking (even in receive), transmit is disabled and the batteries must be replaced. b. Transmit power indicator. This one is real easy. If you have sidetone in the handset, the radio is actually transmitting an RF signal. c. Tune indicator. You will hear a 1 kHz tone during the tuning process and the tone will be present for the duration of tuning. d. Tune fault. Should the AM-6874 be unable to successfully tune to the antenna after 12 seconds, you will hear a constant "beep beep beep" in the handset. To clear the fault, you must do one of the following: (1) (2) (3) Turn the radio off, then back on. Make a change in dial frequency of at least 1 kHz. Turn the mode switch to a receive-only mode (V-RCV or D-RCV), then back to a transmit/receive mode.

e. X-band fault. The "X-band" is any frequency below 2 MHz. Often, when you turn on the AN/PRC-104, you will immediately hear the "beep beep beep" of the tune fault. If you do, you probably are below 2 MHz and are instead hearing the X-band fault signal. f. VSWR indicator. If you hear a short "beep" at the beginning of a transmission, you are hearing the VSWR indicator. It is telling you that VSWR exceeded 1.5:1 during the previous transmission. If VSWR exceeds 1.6:1, the VSWR indicator will immediately be followed by the tune indicator. Lesson Summary. You now know what each component in the AN/PRC-104 is used for, how to set the radio set up for use, how the automatic tuning cycle operates, and how to listen for indications of system operation. Before you move on to the AN/MRC-138A, take the unit exercise to make sure you know everything you need to know about the AN/PRC-104.

1-21

Unit Exercise:

Complete items 1 through 12 by performing the action required. Check your responses against those listed at the end of this study unit. It is a

1.

Which of the following best describes the AN/PRC-104? lightweight, man-packable a.

AM radio set that operates in the very high frequency (VHF) spectrum using ground wave and sky wave propagation. It provides short- and long-range communications and is capable of secure voice. FM radio set that operates in the high frequency (HF) spectrum using ground wave and sky wave propagation. It provides shortrange communications and is capable of secure voice. sideband radio set that operates in the high frequency (HF) spectrum using ground wave and sky wave propagation. It provides short- and long-range communications and is capable of secure voice. sideband radio set that operates in the very high frequency (VHF) spectrum using ground wave and sky wave propagation. It provides short- and long-range communications and is capable of secure voice.

b.

c.

d.

2.

The receiver-exciter used in the AN/PRC-104 is the a. b. RT-841. RT-1209. c. d. RT-1319B. RT-6874.

3.

The RF output power of the AN/PRC-104 is a. b. 5 watts. 10 watts. c. d. 15 watts. 20 watts.

4.

The four operating modes of the AN/PRC-104 are a. b. c. d. USB, LSB, voice/CW, and FSK. Data, SSB, AM, and TSB. Voice/CW, secure voice, data, and receive only. Receive only, FSK, data, and SSB.

5.

The RT-1209 front panel control that determines if the AN/PRC-104 operates in receive only or in transmit and receive is the _______ switch. a. b. sideband mode c. d. frequency select light

1-22

6.

The antenna select switch on the AM-6874 determines a. b. c. d. the route of the RF through the AM-6874 and if the antenna tuner will be used. if the antenna is grounded. if the AM-6874 is used. which antenna can be connected to the front panel.

7.

A dial frequency of 27,545.8 kHz is the same as __________ MHz. a. b. 2.75458 27.5458 c. d. 275.458 27,545.8

8.

The AN/PRC-104 component that amplifies the RF to a level of 20 watts and provides antenna tuning is the a. b. RT-1209. CG-3815. c. d. AB-1241. AM-6874.

9.

The AN/PRC-104 can be used with NiCad or lithium batteries, but one thing you should NEVER do is a. b. c. use only one battery. This will result in an improper voltage being applied to the AN/PRC-104. mix the two types. They have different discharge rates and mixing them could cause an explosion. use either type until you have verified that they are fully charged. Batteries that aren't fully charged will cause damage to the AN/PRC-104. use input power from an external source. The input power requirements are exact and an external power source cannot meet these requirements.

d.

10.

Changing the electrical length of the antenna and adjusting the impedance of the transmission line is called a. b. tuning. homing. c. d. transmitting. receiving.

11.

The AN/PRC-104 will attempt to tune _________ seconds before it faults a. b. 3 10 c. d. 12 20

12.

You can tell that the AN/PRC-104 is actually putting out RF a. b. c. d. by if if if pressing the light switch on the RT-1209. you hear rushing noise in the handset. you hear sidetone in the handset. radio chief tells you it is.

1-23

Study Unit 1 Exercise Solutions Reference 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. c. b. d. c. b. a. b. d. b. a. c. c. 1101 1102 1103 1103 1104 1105 1106 1201 1202 1203 1203 1204

1-24

STUDY UNIT 2 RADIO SETS AN/MRC-138A AND AN/GRC-193 Introduction. Having learned about the capabilities and characteristics of the AN/PRC-104, we are now going to cover its big brother. This radio set, the AN/MRC-138A, is in the HF family of radios and has many operational and technical characteristics in common with the AN/PRC-104. This set is also much larger, more powerful, more difficult to operate, and potentially much more dangerous. This study unit covers the AN/MRC138A; however, the information is also applicable to the AN/GRC-193. Lesson 1. CHARACTERISTICS AND CAPABILITIES OF THE AN/MRC-138A AND THE AN/GRC-193

LEARNING OBJECTIVES 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Describe Radio Set AN/MRC-138A. Describe Radio Set AN/GRC-193. List the components of the AN/MRC-138A and the AN/GRC-193. List the technical characteristics of the AN/MRC-138A. Given an illustration of the Receiver-Transmitter RT-1209, identify the controls and connectors. Given an illustration of the Amplifier/Converter AM-6879, identify the controls and connectors. Given an illustration of the Power Amplifier AM-6545, identify the control, connectors, and indicators. Given an illustration of the Antenna Coupler CU-2064, identify the connectors.

As stated before, this study unit deals primarily with the AN/MRC-138A. The difference between the AN/GRC-193 and the AN/MRC-138A is that the latter has a HMMWV as part of its component list; it is a radio on wheels. The AN/GRC-193 is rack-mounted and can be used inside a building, in a trailer, in an AMTRAC, etc. Aside from this, the two are basically identical and the information in this study unit applies to both radio sets.

2-1

2101.

Radio Set AN/MRC-138A

The AN/MRC-138A is a vehicle-mounted sideband radio set that operates in the high frequency (HF) spectrum using ground wave and sky wave propagation. It provides short- and long-range communication and is capable of secure voice communication using the TSEC/KY-65 or TSEC/KY-99. It can transmit and receive normal voice communications, covered (encrypted) voice, continuous wave (CW) for Morse code, or data. 2102. Radio Set AN/GRC-193

The AN/GRC-193 is a rack-mounted sideband radio set that operates in the high frequency (HF) spectrum using ground wave and sky wave propagation. It provides short- and long-range communications and is capable of secure voice communications using the TSEC/KY-65 or TSEC/KY-99. It also can transmit and receive normal voice communications, covered (encrypted) voice, continuous wave (CW) for Morse code, or data. Again, notice that the only difference between these two radio sets is the way they are mounted. The AN/GRC-193 is in a portable rack and the AN/MRC-138A is in a vehicle. You will also notice that the descriptions sound very similar to the AN/PRC-104. This is true because all three radio sets have one very important item in common--the RT-1209 Receiver-Transmitter! 2103. Components of the AN/MRC-138A and AN/GRC-193

Because the components list is so long for both radio sets, we will cover only the major components here. Further into this study unit, you will learn many of the mounts and cables that belong to the AN/MRC-138A. And, as always, remember that there is a difference between a radio and a Radio Set. There are many parts, or components, that make up a Radio Set. Figure 2-1 on the next page show you the four major components of these radio sets. Refer to the equipment's current SL-3 for a complete list.
+))))))))))))))))))0)))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))), REFERENCE * COMPONENT * * /))))))))))))))))))3))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))1 1 * Power Amplifier AM-6545 * * 2 * Antenna Coupler CU-2064 * * 3 * Amplifier-Converter AM-6879 * * 4 * Receiver-Transmitter RT-1209 * * .))))))))))))))))))2))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))-

Note: The M998 HMMWV is part of the AN/MRC-138A.

2-2

Fig 2-1.

Major components of the AN/GRC-193.

2104.

Technical Characteristics of the AN/MRC-138A

Use table 2-1 to identify the technical characteristics of the AN/MRC-138A Radio Set. Table 2-1. Technical Characteristics of the AN/MRC-138A

+)))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))0))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))), CHARACTERISTIC * DESCRIPTION * * G4444444444444444444444444444444P4444444444444444444444444444444I * 2.000 to 29.999 MHz * * Frequency range * * * 100 Hz spacing * * * 280,000 available channels * * * * Manual * * Frequency selection * * * * Modulation * Single Sideband (SSB) * * * * * 26.5 VDC * * Power requirements .)))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))2)))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))-

2-3

Table 2-1.

Technical Characteristics of the AN/MRC-138A--cont'd.

+)))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))0))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))), * CHARACTERISTIC * DESCRIPTION * G4444444444444444444444444444444P4444444444444444444444444444444I * Receive: < .5A * * Current drain * * Transmit: 45A @ 400 W * * * * * Voice/CW * * Operating modes * * * Secure voice * * * Data * * * Receive only * * * * Automatic, within 20 seconds * * Antenna tuning * * * * 100 or 400 watts, selectable * * Output RF power * * * * 75 baud * * Data transmission rate .)))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))2)))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))-

Okay, now that we've covered all this material, let's do a quick check to see what you know about the AN/MRC-138A. 1. What is the operating frequency of the Radio Set? ______________________________________________________ 2. What portion of the RF spectrum does the AN/MRC-138A use? ______________________________________________________ 3. ANSWERS: 1. 2. 3. 2 to 29.999 MHz High Frequency 100 or 400 The power output of the AN/GRC-193 is ___________ watts.

Great! Now we will begin covering each major component individually, learning the controls, connectors, and indicators. 2105. Receiver-Transmitter RT-1209 Controls, Connectors, and Indicators

Although we covered this piece of equipment back in the first study unit, let's go over it again here. The only difference now is that it will have a cable fastened to it rather than being mated to an amplifier. Table 2-2 and figure 2-2 cover the RT-1209.

2-4

Table 2-2.

RT-1209 Controls and Connectors

+)))))))))0)))0))))))))))))))))))))))))0)))))))))))))))))))))))), * ITEM *REF* ACTION * RESULT OF ACTION * G444444444P444P444444444444444444444444P444444444444444444444444I * Voice communication * * * 1 *Connecting handset *AUDIO * * * * * Secure voice * * * *Connecting KY cable /)))))))))3)))3))))))))))))))))))))))))3))))))))))))))))))))))))1 * *FREQUENCY* 2 *Pressing desired button * Changes to the next * * higher number, or zero * *DISPLAY * * * * * * if at nine. /)))))))))3)))3))))))))))))))))))))))))3))))))))))))))))))))))))1 * Allows operation in LSB* *SIDEBAND * 3 *Rotating left (LSB) * * * * *SWITCH * Allows operation in USB* * * *Rotating right (USB) /)))))))))3)))3))))))))))))))))))))))))3))))))))))))))))))))))))1 * 4 *Setting far left (V-RCV)* Receive only for voice * *MODE * * * * *SWITCH * Receive and transmit * * * *Setting left-center * for voice * * * *(V-TR) * * * * * * * *Setting right-center * Receive and transmit * * for data * * * *(D-TR) * * * * * * Receive only for data * * * *Setting far right * * * * *(D-RCV) /)))))))))3)))3))))))))))))))))))))))))3))))))))))))))))))))))))1 * 5 *Pressing * Lights behind frequency* *LIGHT * * * * Display will illuminate* /)))))))))3)))3))))))))))))))))))))))))3))))))))))))))))))))))))1 * 6 *Rotating clockwise * Turns radio on, then * *VOLUME * * * * * increases volume * * * * * * Decreases volume, then * * * *Rotating counter* turns radio off * * * *clockwise /)))))))))3)))3))))))))))))))))))))))))3))))))))))))))))))))))))1 *CONNECTOR* * *Connecting control and * Interfaces with J-6 of * * *cable W-1 * M-6879 * *J1 .)))))))))2)))2))))))))))))))))))))))))2))))))))))))))))))))))))-

2-5

Fig 2-2. 2106.

RT-1209 controls and connectors.

Amplifier-Converter AM-6879 Controls and Connectors

The AM-6879 does the following two things for you: First, it serves as an interface device for teletypewriters. It has a converter that allows the frequency shift keying (FSK) operation to work with the audio circuits of the RT-1209. Second, it contains an audio amplifier and a speaker so that you may move away from the system and still monitor the net. Refer to table 2-3 and figure 2-3. Table 2-3. AM-6879 Controls and Connectors

+)))))))))0)))0))))))))))))))))))))))))0)))))))))))))))))))))))), *REF* ACTION * RESULT OF ACTION * * ITEM G444444444P444P444444444444444444444444P444444444444444444444444I *Speaker is on, receive * *SPEAKER * 1 *Receive with On/Off *audio is heard * * * *switch set to SPKR ON * * * * * *Speaker is disabled * * * *Transmit with On/Off * * * * *switch set to SPKR ON * * * * * * * *On/Off switch set to OFF*Speaker is disabled * /)))))))))3)))3))))))))))))))))))))))))3))))))))))))))))))))))))1 * 2 *Adjust *Changes loop current for* *LOOP * *20 or 60 mA * *CURRENT * * * * * *ADJUST /)))))))))3)))3))))))))))))))))))))))))3))))))))))))))))))))))))1 * 3 *Select 60 mA *Selects 60 mA current * *LOOP * *drive for TTY * *CURRENT * * * * * *SELECT * * *Select 20 mA *Selects 20 mA current * * * * * *drive for TTY .)))))))))2)))2))))))))))))))))))))))))2))))))))))))))))))))))))-

2-6

Table 2-3.

AM-6879 Controls and Connectors--cont'd.

+)))))))))0)))0))))))))))))))))))))))))0)))))))))))))))))))))))), * ITEM *REF* ACTION * RESULT OF ACTION * /)))))))))3)))3))))))))))))))))))))))))3))))))))))))))))))))))))1 * 4 *Installing mA meter *Gives an indication of * *LOOP *probes *loop current * *CURRENT * * * * * *METER /)))))))))3)))3))))))))))))))))))))))))3))))))))))))))))))))))))1 * 5 *Setting to far left *Amplifier is on for TTY * *ON/ * *(TTY ON) *conversion * *OFF * * * * *SWITCH * * *Setting to center (OFF) *Amplifier is off. Radio* * * * * *set is operational. * * * * * *Amplifier is on for * * * *Setting to far right *audio amplification * * * *(SPKR ON) /)))))))))3)))3))))))))))))))))))))))))3))))))))))))))))))))))))1 *Nonsecure or secure * *HANDSET * 6 *Connecting H-250 * * * * *voice communication /)))))))))3)))3))))))))))))))))))))))))3))))))))))))))))))))))))1 *AUDIO * 7 *Connecting RT-1209 *For nonsecure voice or * * * * * *TTY communication * * * * * *For secure voice or TTY * * * *Connect KY-65, KY-99 * * * * *communication /)))))))))3)))3))))))))))))))))))))))))3))))))))))))))))))))))))1 * 8 *Connecting TTY device *For TTY transmit * *TTY * * * * *KEY /)))))))))3)))3))))))))))))))))))))))))3))))))))))))))))))))))))1 *For TTY operation * *DC LOOP * 9 *Connecting TTY device /)))))))))3)))3))))))))))))))))))))))))3))))))))))))))))))))))))1 *Turns squelch on, then * *SQUELCH *10 *Rotating clockwise * * * *increases squelch level * *Decreases squelch level,* * * *Rotating counter*then turns squelch off * * * *clockwise /)))))))))3)))3))))))))))))))))))))))))3))))))))))))))))))))))))1 * * *Connecting AM-6545 *Control and power * *J5 * * *interface with AM-6545 * *(REAR) /)))))))))3)))3))))))))))))))))))))))))3))))))))))))))))))))))))1 * * *Connecting RT-1209 *Control and power * *J6 * * *interface with RT-1209 * *(REAR) /)))))))))3)))3))))))))))))))))))))))))3))))))))))))))))))))))))1 * * *Connecting AM-6545 *RF interface with the * *J7 * * *AM-6545 * *(REAR) .)))))))))2)))2))))))))))))))))))))))))2))))))))))))))))))))))))-

2-7

Fig 2-3.

AM-6879 controls and connectors.

2107.

AM-6545 Power Amplifier Connectors and Indicators

The AM-6545 is the RF power amplifier for the AN/MRC-138A. It takes the 20 milliwatt input from the RT-1209 and amplifies it to a level of 400 watts. It also gives you a way to monitor system operation by using an analog meter and six light emitting diodes (LEDs). Refer to table 2-4 and figure 2-4. Table 2-4. AM-6545 Connectors and Indicators

+)))))))))0)))0))))))))))))))))))))))))0)))))))))))))))))))))))), *REF* ACTION/CONDITION * RESULT/INDICATION * * ITEM G444444444P444P444444444444444444444444P444444444444444444444444I * 1 *Transmit or tuning *Shows presence of * *METER * * * * *transmit RF /)))))))))3)))3))))))))))))))))))))))))3))))))))))))))))))))))))1 * 2 *Out *System is not ready * *READY *(RDY) * * * * * *Illuminated *System has warmed up and* *LED * * * *is ready for operation * /)))))))))3)))3))))))))))))))))))))))))3))))))))))))))))))))))))1 *System is in a receive * *TRANSMIT * 3 *Out * * *condition * *(XMIT) * * * * * * *Illuminated *System is transmitting * *LED * * * * *or tuning .)))))))))2)))2))))))))))))))))))))))))2))))))))))))))))))))))))-

2-8

Table 2-4.

AM-6545 Connectors and Indicators--cont'd.

+)))))))))0)))0))))))))))))))))))))))))0)))))))))))))))))))))))), * ITEM *REF* ACTION/CONDITION * RESULT/INDICATION * G444444444P444P444444444444444444444444P444444444444444444444444I * 4 *Out *System has warmed up and* *TUN * * *has been tuned * *(Tune) * * * * *LED *System is warming up or * * * *Illuminated * * * * *tuning /)))))))))3)))3))))))))))))))))))))))))3))))))))))))))))))))))))1 *FIL * 5 *Out *Normal indication * * * * *Filament * *Illuminated *System has PA tube * *FAULT LED* * * * * *filament fault and * * * *should be operated only * * * * * *during an emergency /)))))))))3)))3))))))))))))))))))))))))3))))))))))))))))))))))))1 *PA * 6 *Out *Normal indication * * * * *FAULT LED* *System has PA fault and * * * *Illuminated * * * *is not operational * /)))))))))3)))3))))))))))))))))))))))))3))))))))))))))))))))))))1 * 7 *Out *Normal indication * *CPLR * * * *FAULT LED* *System has coupler fault* * * *Illuminated * * * *and is not operational * /)))))))))3)))3))))))))))))))))))))))))3))))))))))))))))))))))))1 *All LEDs should light. * *FAN/LAMP * 8 *Pressing * * *Fans in AM-6545 and * *TEST * * * *CU-2064 should come on. * /)))))))))3)))3))))))))))))))))))))))))3))))))))))))))))))))))))1 * 9 *Connecting RF cable W1 *Routes RF between * *J5 * * *AM-6879 and AM-6545 * *RF /)))))))))3)))3))))))))))))))))))))))))3))))))))))))))))))))))))1 *10 *Connecting RF cable W5 *Routes RF between * *J4 * * *AM-6545 and CU-2064 * *RF /)))))))))3)))3))))))))))))))))))))))))3))))))))))))))))))))))))1 *11 *Connecting control *Establishes power and * *J1 * *cable W6 *control connection * *CONT * * * *between the AM-6545 and * * * * * *the CU-2064 /)))))))))3)))3))))))))))))))))))))))))3))))))))))))))))))))))))1 *12 *Connecting control *Establishes power and * *J2 * *cable W2 *control connection * *CONT * * * *between the AM-6545 and * * * * *the AM-6879 * /)))))))))3)))3))))))))))))))))))))))))3))))))))))))))))))))))))1 *13 *Connecting power cable *Establishes power * *J3 * *W3 *connection from the * *PWR * * * *HMMWV. Connect to the * * * * * *PP-7333 for the * * * * *AN/GRC-193. /)))))))))3)))3))))))))))))))))))))))))3))))))))))))))))))))))))1 *14 *Set to the right *100 watt RF output * *PWR * * *Set to the left *400 watt RF output * .)))))))))2)))2))))))))))))))))))))))))2))))))))))))))))))))))))-

2-9

Fig 2-4.

AM-6545 connectors and indicators.

2108.

CU-2064 Antenna Coupler Connectors

Finally, at the end of our system, we have the CU-2064. It provides automatic tuning of the antenna and transmission line, monitors VSWR during transmit, and faults the system if a dangerously high VSWR condition occurs. Refer to table 2-5 and figure 2-5 on the next page for an explanation of the connectors. Table 2-5. CU-2064 Connectors

+)))))))))0)))0))))))))))))))))))))))))0)))))))))))))))))))))))), *REF* ACTION/CONDITION * RESULT/INDICATION * * ITEM G444444444P444P444444444444444444444444P444444444444444444444444I * 1 *Connecting a 50p coaxial*Used for remote antenna * *J3 * *cable *or test purposes * *50 OHM * * * *ANTENNA * /)))))))))3)))3))))))))))))))))))))))))3))))))))))))))))))))))))1 * *Connecting electrical *Connection to whip * *J4 * 2 *lead W8 *antenna base for AT-1011* *WHIP *ANTENNA * * * * .)))))))))2)))2))))))))))))))))))))))))2))))))))))))))))))))))))-

2-10

Table 2-5.

CU-2064 Connectors--cont'd.

+)))))))))0)))0))))))))))))))))))))))))0)))))))))))))))))))))))), * ITEM *REF* ACTION/CONDITION * RESULT/INDICATION * G444444444P444P444444444444444444444444P444444444444444444444444I * 3 *Connecting grounding *Connect grounding stake * *GROUND *LUGS * *straps *to one, EMI strap (if * * * * *required) to the other. * /)))))))))3)))3))))))))))))))))))))))))3))))))))))))))))))))))))1 * 4 *Connecting control cable*Establishes power and * *J2 *W6 *control between the * *CONTROL * * * * *CU-2064 and the AM-6545 * /)))))))))3)))3))))))))))))))))))))))))3))))))))))))))))))))))))1 * 5 *Connecting RF cable W5 *Routes RF between the * *J1 * * *CU-2064 and the AM-6545 * *RF /)))))))))3)))3))))))))))))))))))))))))3))))))))))))))))))))))))1 * 6 *50p antenna *Prevents whip antenna * *FLAG * * *connection * *SWITCH * * * * * *Prevents 50p antenna * * * *Whip antenna * * * * *connection .)))))))))2)))2))))))))))))))))))))))))2))))))))))))))))))))))))-

Fig 2-5.

CU-2064 connectors.

2-11

Well, that certainly was a lot of information you just covered. Since most of the controls, connectors, and indicators are well marked, there is really no need for much memorization. However, later in this study unit, we'll be discussing troubleshooting and you will need to know how to hook up the system and understand what the LED's and meter are telling you. Right now, take this easy quiz to make sure you understand what has been covered so far. Match the equipment with its nomenclature. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Power Amplifier ________ Receiver-Transmitter______ Amplifier-Converter ______ Antenna Coupler _______ a. b. c. d. CU-2064 AM-6545 AM-6879 RT-1209

Which fault LED indicates a fault where the system may still be used under emergency conditions? ______________________________________________________

6.

Under what two conditions will the AM-6879 speaker be off? ______________________________________________________

ANSWERS: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. b. d. c. a. Filament (FIL) fault LED SPKR off and during transmit

This lesson covered all the basics of the AN/MRC-138A radio set, including a description, its technical characteristics, and the controls, connectors, and indicators on all four major components of the system. The next lesson will give you the information you will need to set the AN/MRC-138A (or the AN/GRC193) into operation.

2-12

Lesson 2.

AN/MRC-138A SET-UP AND PREPARATION FOR USE

Introduction. Now you are ready to set up the AN/MRC-138A for operation. This lesson is going to take you step-by-step through a rather difficult task--interfacing the major components with cables. Hopefully, the logical approach to this job presented in this lesson will allow you to complete it easily. LEARNING OBJECTIVES 1. 2. 3. 2201. Describe the procedures for preparing the AN/MRC-138A for use. Describe the cabling sequence for the AN/MRC-138A. Describe the power-up sequence for the AN/MRC-138A. Preparing the AN/MRC-138A for Use

Right now, we are going to talk about what you need and what you will need to do to set up the AN/MRC-138A. But, before we get into that, you need to understand that the following assumptions have been made in this text for instructional purposes: ! ! ! ! ! The AN/MRC-138A is SL-3 complete and all mounts and hardware are in place in the vehicle. The AN/MRC-138A has had regular preventive maintenance checks performed. Teletype and crypto will not be used. The AN/MRC-138A is completely functional. You have received authorized sideband and frequency assignments.

Now, aside from the fact that the radio is still in pieces, you are ready to go. Piece by piece, we are going to put this radio set together and perform an operational check (Opcheck.) Let's get started. a. Installing the AM-6545, AM-6879, and RT-1209 . Inside the HMMWV you will find the Radio Mount Assembly (RMA). The RMA is designed to hold the AM-6545, AM-6879, RT-1209, the encryption device, and their respective mounts. (1) AM-6879. The AM-6879 goes on the upper shelf of the RMA, sitting in the MT-4874. Place the AM-6879 on the left-hand side of the MT4874, sliding the rear of the unit into the fixed latches. Once the AM-6879 sits flat on the MT-4874, fit the two front locking latches over the front edge of the AM-6879 and tighten the latches down. Ensure the AM-6879 is tight and will not come loose.

2-13

(2)

RT-1209. The RT-1209 goes on the upper shelf of the RMA, sitting in the MT-4874 also. Place the radio to the right of the AM-6879. Fit and lock it down the same way you did with the AM-6879. AM-6545. The AM-6545 goes on the left-hand side of the lower shelf of the RMA in the MT-4497. Carefully slide the AM-6545 into the MT4497, pushing it back until it hits the rear of the mount. On the left-hand side of the MT-4497, you will find two wingnuts to fasten the AM-6545 down with. Tighten them down enough that they will not come loose or allow the AM-6545 to move around in its mount.

(3)

b. Installing the CU-2064. Place the coupler outside the HMMWV cabin area on the passenger's side rear fender well. Place the CU-2064 on its mount, the MT-4495, with the connectors facing toward the rear of the vehicle. Locate the wingnuts on the MT-4495 and, as before, tighten down the equipment so it will not move or come loose. Now we have all the "boxes" in the vehicle. They're ready to be wired up. Putting the equipment into the mounts is not difficult, but if the mounts aren't properly secured, they could cause serious problems later. 2202. AN/MRC-138 Cabling Sequence

Figure 2-6 is a functional block diagram of the AN/MRC-138A. Look it over, then refer to the explanation of the diagram on the next page.

Fig 2-6.

AN/MRC-138A functional block diagram.

2-14

Now let's look at this logically. input/output requirements: ! ! a.

Each of the four major components has two

All four require input power and control signals. All four need a way to pass RF in and out.

Power and control. (1) Power. Input power comes from the HMMWV batteries. It is fed to the circuit breaker box on the side of the RMA and from there to the other three devices through the power and control cables. Control. Control signals may be generated anywhere inside the radio set. This is why there is a power and control cable between each device. The cables pass control signals among the devices they're connected to.

(2)

b.

RF. (1) Transmit. Where does the RF in transmit originate? That's right, the RT-1209. This RF is passed out of the RT-1209 into the AM-6879 through a power, control, and RF cable. From the AM-6879, the transmit RF is routed via an RF cable to the AM-6545 where it will be amplified to either 100 or 400 watts. The amplified RF leaves the AM-6545 on another RF cable and goes to the CU-2064. The RF will then be passed out the antenna lead assembly (another RF cable) to the antenna. Receive. The receive RF follows a reverse path through the AN/MRC138A. From the antenna, it will be passed to the CU-2064 on the antenna lead assembly. On another RF cable, the RF is forwarded to the AM-6545, where it will be placed on yet another RF cable and sent to the AM-6879. Here it will be placed on the power and control cable and sent to the RT-1209 for demodulation.

(2)

So, we have a system with the CU-2064 antenna coupler on one end, the RT-1209 receiver-transmitter on the other, and the AM-6879 amplifier/converter and AM6545 power amplifier in between. As for cables, starting with the RT-1209: There is one cable between the RT-1209 and the AM-6879. control, and RF cable. It is the power,

There are two cables between the AM-6879 and the AM-6545, the RF cable and the power and control cable. There are two cables between the AM-6545 and the CU-2064, the RF cable and the power and control cable. There is one cable between the CU-2064 and the antenna, the antenna lead.

2-15

Easy, isn't it? At first, the AN/MRC-138A cabling looks rather difficult and may even be intimidating. But if you look at it logically, it is really quite simple. So now look at figure 2-7. This is an exploded view of the AN/MRC-138A cabling. Although it also looks complex at first, if you refer to figure 2-6 you will see it is simple also.

Fig 2-7.

AN/MRC-138A cabling diagram.

All right, you understand why the AN/MRC-138A is cabled in the way it is. we will cover how to do it, piece by piece and connector by connector.

Now

c. Receiver-Transmitter RT-1209. The radio has only one connector. This of course means that you only have one cable to worry about right now. This cable, sometimes called the "whiskey one" cable, is approximately 18 inches long. One end has a round connector on it with two screws; the other end resembles a club. Gently fit the rounded end into the connector on the right side of the RT-1209, with the cable being routed towards the back, and tighten the two screws.

2-16

d. Amplifier Converter AM-6879. The "club" end of the W1 cable goes to J6 at the rear of the AM-6879. Insert the plug in the receptacle and screw it in with the wingnut. You now have the RT-1209 connected to the AM-6879. Next we will connect the AM-6545 to the AM-6879. Note: It is assumed that the cables are in place in the vehicle. e. Amplifier Converter AM-6879. There are two cables that are routed up to the upper shelf of the RMA. One is the RF cable W1, the other is the power and control cable W2. The RF cable has a much smaller diameter than the W2. Connect the RF cable connector to J7 on the rear of the AM-6879. Make sure the cable is not cross-threaded but is tight! Then, taking care to align the key marks of the connectors, connect the power and control cable W2 to J5 on the rear of the AM-6879. f. Power Amplifier AM-6545. You will find five cables near the Power Amplifier as it sits in RMA. Make sure you grab the right cables! If in doubt, physically trace each cable back to its origin. Now, you are going to connect the RF cable W1 to the AM-6545. First, locate J5 on the AM-6545; you will see that it is marked "RT." Connect the RF cable W1 to J5. Make sure the cable is not crossthreaded but is tight! Next, take the connector on the end of the Power and Control cable W2 and connect it to J2 on the front of the AM-6545. Like J5, J2 is marked "RT." Now we have the RT-1209 connected to the AM-6879, and the AM-6879 connected to the AM-6545. Next we place the CU-2064 into the system. g. Power Amplifier AM-6545. Well, there are only three cables and three connectors left. Find the two cables that run toward the rear of the vehicle; one will be a power and control and the other will be an RF cable. Grab the RF cable W5 and connect it to J4 on the AM-6545. You will notice that J4 is marked for "ANT CPLR." Once again, make sure this cable is not cross-threaded but is tight! Next, grab the W6 power and control cable and connect it to J1 on the AM-6545. This connector is also marked for the "ANT CPLR." h. Antenna Coupler CU-2064. This one is real easy. There will be two cables at the back of the vehicle near the CU-2064: the W6 power and control cable and the W5 RF cable. Connect the W5 RF cable to J1 on the antenna coupler. Just to make sure you understand about these RF cables, I'll repeat; make sure these cables are not cross-threaded but are tight ! Then, take the W6 power and control cable and connect it to J2 on the CU-2064. Now, except for power and the ends of the system, the entire system is cabled. Let's complete these last two steps now.

2-17

i. Connect the antenna. You can use either the AT-1011 whip antenna or an external antenna with the AN/MRC-138A. (1) External antenna. This may be the AS-2259 near vertical incidence sky wave (NVIS) antenna or a field expedient type. Regardless, the antenna feed will be coaxial cable. Depending on which type is used, you may or may not need an adapter to connect to J3 on the CU2064. Push the CU-2064's flagswitch down to uncover J3, then screw the antenna feed into the jack. Make absolutely certain this connection is not cross-threaded but is tight! Whip antenna. The antenna lead assembly W8 is a rubber cable with a large rubber (often orange) connector on one end and a small loop fastener on the other. Carefully screw the large end of the W8 cable onto J4 of the CU-2064. As with every RF cable, make absolutely certain that this connection is not cross-threaded but is tight! Next, find the "ring" assembly that fits over the AT-1011 mounting shaft. Place this ring over the shaft and tighten it down so that the long end is facing the CU-2064. Take off the screw that is on the long end of this ring. Put the screw through the loop connector on the W8 cable and re-attach it to the ring assembly. Make sure it is tight!

(2)

Determine if you will need the AT-1011 to be 15 feet or 35 feet long. For a 15-foot whip you will need one large element and the two small ones. You will use all the elements for a 35-foot whip. Lay the elements in-line on the ground near the rear of the vehicle. Fit and screw them together and make sure they are tight. Once the antenna is put together, raise it to a vertical position and gently place it over the antenna mounting shaft on the vehicle. Set it down, then screw it in place. Make sure it is tight also. Caution: The 35-foot whip is extremely difficult and dangerous to raise alone. Always use two or more people to do this job. j. Connecting the audio. If you look at the AM-6879 and the RT-1209, you will notice that together, they have four audio connectors. And you know that the AM-6879 has an audio amplifier and a loudspeaker. But how does the audio get to it? Through the power, control, and RF cable? No, we need to put another cable into the system. You will find a short audio cable as an accessory of the AN/MRC-138A. This cable has no conventional nomenclature; it is just called "the audio cable," and is about 11 inches long. Take your audio cable and connect it to an audio connector on the front panel of the RT1209. Connect the other end of the cable to the audio connector on the AM6879 marked AUDIO. Now you can connect the H-250 handset or the KY-872 CW key to the connector on the front panel of the AM-6879 marked HANDSET.

2-18

k. Connecting input power. First, make sure that the breakers on the circuit breaker box are set to the OFF (down) position. Find the cable coming off the circuit breaker box and run it to the AM-6545. Connect this cable to the one remaining open connector, J3. l. Grounding. This is one area you really need to pay particular attention to. The better the ground you have, the safer the AN/MRC-138A will be. On the front panel of the CU-2064 are two grounding lugs. One of these is used for the EMI strap that comes up from the antenna coupler's mount. Use the other grounding lug to attach the grounding strap. Never operate this radio set without it being properly grounded! Well, guess what. The AN/MRC-138A is now ready for you to fire up and operate. Without looking back to the preceding pages, see if you can answer the following questions. 1. The four major components of the AN/MRC-138A are the ___________,__________,___________, and ______________. 2. How many cables are used in the AN/MRC-138A? connected? How are they

______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ 3. What is the one most important thing to remember about connecting a cable that will have RF on it? ______________________________________________________ ANSWERS: 1. 2. RT-1209, AM-6879, AM-6545, and CU-2064. There are eight cables as follows: Power, control, and RF cable W1 from RT-1209 to the AM-6879; power and control cable W2 and RF cable W1 from the AM-6879 to the AM-6545; power and control cable W6 and RF cable W5 from the AM-6545 to the CU-2064; antenna lead W8 from the CU-2064 to the antenna; input power cable W3 from the circuit breaker box to the AM-6545; audio cable between the RT-1209 and the AM-6879. That it is not cross-threaded but that is tight.

3.

Good! Although you probably didn't remember every cable for question 2, hopefully you got most of them. Now let's discuss how to turn on the radio set.

2-19

2203.

AN/MRC-138A Power-up Sequence

Knowing how the AN/MRC-138A powers up, and more importantly, what to listen for, will serve you well as an operator of this radio set. But before we flip even one switch to the "ON" position, let's go over some safety information. a. Safety. Warning: This radio set can kill you, and it will if you aren't careful. As you know, it is quite capable of applying 400 watts of RF power to the antenna through the cable running back to the power amplifier. The input current of 45 amps is enough to leave you in a nice round pile of ashes. (1) Before operation. (a) First, check all cable connections and mounts to ensure everything is nice and tight. A loose cable can cause arcing, which could cause you much pain or considerable damage to the equipment. If the mounts are loose, the equipment will experience excessive vibration and may very well vibrate loose from the mount. An antenna coupler bouncing off the back of a HMMWV will make no one happy. You will need to mark the areas around the radio set and antenna for danger; local procedure will give you the particulars. Basically you have to protect the antenna from the possibility of someone or something coming into contact with it. Its location may be obvious during the day, but it won't be at night! The large rubber boot, or a large sign in front of it should suffice. Clean up the area. Chances are you have tools, tape, or garbage strewn around the area from setting up the radio. it all cleaned up so no one trips or falls around an operational AN/MRC-138A. Get

(b)

(c)

(2)

During operation. (a) The most important rule: Stay in or get out. If you are 100 percent inside the vehicle or if you are 100 percent outside the vehicle, you're okay. But if you are half in and half out, meaning possibly you have one leg on the ground or are leaning up against the vehicle, you stand a very good chance of being cooked on the spot. With the exception of the grounding stake and straps, the AN/MRC-138A sits on four usually nonconducting rubber tires. If you touch the vehicle and the earth while the radio is transmitting, your body may very well be the path of least resistance to ground.

2-20

(b)

If you are operating, be kind and give warning before going into transmit. Not many people do this, but your doing it may save the life of some poor unsuspecting soul who has decided to check out the composition of the antenna element. A loud "stand clear" may be the best thing you'll ever say. Don't touch what you're not supposed to touch. If you see a loose RF cable, leave it alone. Or if the input power cable is cut and frayed, leave it alone. Leave these things as they are until all power has been removed from the system. It is safe for you to touch the system or its parts only when it has NO power.

(c)

Warning: To repeat, always respect this radio. It is very dangerous and can kill you or those around you before you know it. Now, let's continue with turning the system on. The AN/MRC-138A is turned on by portions; meaning first we power up the RT-1209, the AM-6879, and the CU2064. Then we power up the AM-6545. The first thing we have to do is apply primary power to the system. Do this by setting (flipping) the switch on the circuit breaker to the "ON" (up) position. You can tell if power has actually been applied because you will hear a motor run briefly inside the AM-6545. Now we are ready to fire it up. For this MCI course, let's assume that the RT-1209 mode switch is in the "V-RCV" position. (We'll say why later.) Now, when we set the RT-1209 power switch to the "ON" position, we begin the first phase of the power-up sequence, coupler turn-on and homing. b. Coupler turn-on and homing. (1) Turn-on. When you turn the RT-1209 on, the CU-2064 comes on. Unfortunately, there are no visual or audible indicators of this-yet. Later it will become obvious if the coupler is on or not. Homing. There are variable components inside both the AM-6545 and the CU-2064. These variable components are used mainly for impedance matching and antenna tuning. Inside the antenna coupler is a large variable capacitor and a large variable inductor. These internal components are motor driven. During initial turn-on, the motors drive these variable components to a starting point so they can be moved in one direction during the tuning process. This starting point is called "home." If, during the tuning process, the inductor moves 6 turns, the homing process will take the inductor backward 6 turns to a point where it can start again. As you can tell, homing is sort of the opposite of tuning.

(2)

2-21

Just remember that motors in the coupler are going to drive two variable components to their home position, and this process is called homing. What is really nice, as you will learn in the next lesson on troubleshooting, is that you can hear the coupler homing, and this will aid you in troubleshooting. c. Power amplifier turn-on and homing. So far we have applied input power to the system. We then turned the RT-1209 on which also turned the CU-2064 on. Now, remember earlier when we said that the RT-1209 mode switch was in the VRCV position? As the AN/MRC-138A sits right now, in the V-RCV mode, we don't need the power amplifier because it cannot transmit anyway. But when we turn it to either V-TR or D-TR, we are going to begin what is called PA turn-on and homing. The "turning-on" process for the PA will take about 60 seconds and is often referred to as warming up. Quite a few things happen when the RT-1209 is switched to a transmit mode (V-TR or D-TR.) (1) PA homing. As soon as the RT-1209 mode switch is placed in either of the transmit modes, the one variable component inside the PA is going to go to its home position. And you can hear it just as you can the two variable components in the coupler. System cooling. When the RT-1209 mode switch is placed in either of the transmit modes, you will immediately hear a fan turn on inside of the CU-2064. Warm-up. When the RT-1209 mode switch is placed in either of the transmit modes, the system will go into a 60-second warm-up period. There is one audible and one visual indication of warm-up: (a) (b) Constant beeping in the handset. The TUN LED is illuminated and all other LED's are out.

(2)

(3)

Note: If the PA FAULT LED is illuminated immediately upon turn-on, make sure the frequency on the RT-1209 is set at 2 MHz or above. After about 60 seconds, warm-up is finished. You'll hear the constant beeping until then. You'll also notice that the RDY LED comes on. Now that the RDY and TUN LED's are illuminated, you're ready to tune. But first, answer these questions on the power up sequence of the AN/MRC-138A.

2-22

1.

Why must you be 100 percent inside or 100 percent outside the HMMWV while the AN/MRC-138A is operating? ______________________________________________________

2.

What is it called when the variable components in the PA and coupler are driven to their beginning points? ______________________________________________________

3.

With the RT-1209 mode switch in a receive only position, which turns on first, the PA or the coupler? ______________________________________________________

4.

What are the two indications that the AN/MRC-138A is in the warm-up? ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________

5.

List three things you will hear when the RT-1209 mode switch is placed in a transmit position. ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________

6.

How do you know the system is finished warming up and is ready to tune? ______________________________________________________

ANSWERS: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. To avoid being used as a substitute grounding rod by providing the entire vehicle a path to ground. Homing. The coupler. It is turned on by the RT-1209 on/off switch. is turned on by the RT-1209 mode switch. You hear constant beeping in the handset and the TUN LED is illuminated. You will hear the PA homing, a fan come on inside the coupler, and a constant beeping in the handset. The constant beeping stops, and the RDY LED illuminates. The PA

2-23

That was quite a lot of material, wasn't it? You might want to go back over this last paragraph again since the information will be vital when we get to troubleshooting. When you are ready, start the last lesson of this study unit. It will cover tuning, peripherals, and troubleshooting. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Lesson 3. AN/MRC-138A OPERATION AND TROUBLESHOOTING

Introduction. So far we have brought the AN/MRC-138A up to a point where it is set up and ready for use. In this lesson we will learn how this radio set tunes and how to interface peripheral devices such as computers and teletypewriters. Then, using the information you learned in this study unit, we will cover some basic troubleshooting techniques. LEARNING OBJECTIVES 1. 2. 3. 4. 2301. Describe the tuning process of the AN/MRC-138A. Describe the process the AN/MRC-138A uses for monitoring VSWR. Describe how to interface with peripheral devices. Describe the eight specific AN/MRC-138A faults. The AN/MRC-138A Tuning Process

During lesson 2, you learned that during the initial stages of powering-up the AN/MRC-138A, the variable components in the AM-6545 and CU-2064 were driven to their starting point, or "homed." Then, after 60 seconds of warm-up, the radio set became ready to tune. Now, to initiate the tuning process, you will need to press the handset PTT switch or depress the KY-872 CW key. Once you do either of these, tuning is started and the process becomes fully automatic. There are eight steps in the tuning process: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. The "XMIT" LED on the AM-6545 illuminates. The RT-1209 generates 1 kHz tone that can be heard in handset. The 1 kHz tone produces 20 mW RF out of RT-1209. RF applied to the AM-6545 causes it to tune. Ten watts output from the AM-6545 causes the CU-2064 to start tuning. The AM-6545 finishes tuning.

2-24

7. 8.

The CU-2064 finishes tuning. The TUN and XMIT LED's go out and the AN/MRC-138A goes to a receive condition.

Let's discuss each of these steps. a. The RT-1209 generates a 1 kHz signal. When you press the handset PTT or depress the CW key, the RT-1209 will "lock-in" to the transmit mode. Because it does, you don't have to sit there and keep the PTT or CW key down during the tuning process; tuning is automatic. When the system goes into transmit, the RT-1209 generates a 1 kHz signal internally. This 1 kHz will be used for modulation and you will also be able to hear it in the handset or loudspeaker, but its audio level will be very low. b. The XMIT LED illuminates. Because tuning is automatic, the RT-1209 will lock in to the transmit mode. When the AN/MRC-138A is tuning, the transmit LED on the AM-6545 power amplifier will illuminate. c. The 1 kHz tone produces RF. Being in transmit and having a modulating signal, the RT-1209 will output approximately 20 mW of RF. This RF goes to the AM-6879 through the power, control, and RF cable, and then to the AM-6545 power amplifier through the RF cable. d. RF input to the AM-6545 causes it to tune. The 20 mW RF input to the AM6545 causes it to tune. If the RF is not there, the power amplifier will do nothing except show you a fault. Do you remember the phrase "Make sure this cable is not cross-threaded but is tight"? It was stated when talking about connecting RF cables and it is very applicable here because the AN/MRC-138A will just sit there and do nothing if the RF can't get from the RT-1209 to the AM-6545. e. A ten watt input to the CU-2064 causes it to tune . When the AM-6545 starts to tune, the variable component inside will begin matching the input and output impedances. When the AM-6545 starts getting close to an impedance match, its output power is going to rise quickly. Remember, there is only a 20 milliwatt input from the RT-1209! When the AM-6545 develops 10 watts of RF, it is sent out to the CU-2064 via the RF cable. When the CU-2064 senses at least 10 watts, it will begin tuning. At the same time, you will notice that the 1 kHz tune tone got very loud, meaning that the PA found its tuning point. Now, if the RF cable isn't properly connected, the antenna coupler will never receive 10 watts and will never tune. f. The AM-6545 finishes tuning. Once the power amplifier has found an acceptable impedance match, it will stop tuning. The only indication of this is that you will hear the motor inside stop turning the variable component.

2-25

g. The CU-2064 finishes tuning. Once the antenna coupler has found an acceptable impedance match and VSWR, it will stop tuning. You will be able to hear the variable components inside stop moving. When the antenna coupler is done, it will send a control signal back to the AM-6545, letting it know that it has successfully tuned. h. The TUN and XMIT LEDs go out. When the power amplifier finishes tuning and receives a signal from the antenna coupler that the coupler has also finished, it will stop the tuning cycle. It will tell the RT-1209 to stop generating the 1 kHz signal and to stop transmitting. The AM-6545 TUN and XMIT LED's are going to go out because we are no longer tuning or transmitting. The AN/MRC-138A is now in a receive condition and ready for use. Now let's look at the tuning process in a different way, one that you will be able to use for troubleshooting. Table 2-6 will give us the basics of the tuning cycle. Table 2-6. The AN/MRC-138A Tuning Cycle

+)))))))))))))))))))))))))))0))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))), * ACTION/STEP * INDICATION * G444444444444444444444444444P44444444444444444444444444444444444I * Begins the tuning cycle * *Pressing the PTT switch /)))))))))))))))))))))))))))3)))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))1 * *RT-1209 generates a 1 kHz * VISUAL: XMIT LED illuminates * AUDIBLE: 1 kHz present at very * *tone. low volume in the handset* * * /)))))))))))))))))))))))))))3)))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))1 *AM-6545 receives RF signal * AUDIBLE: Motors inside the power * amplifier start to move.* * * /)))))))))))))))))))))))))))3)))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))1 *AM-6545 develops 10 watts * AUDIBLE: 1 kHz tone in the hand- * set becomes very loud. * * * /)))))))))))))))))))))))))))3)))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))1 * AUDIBLE: Motors inside the * *CU-2064 begins tuning antenna coupler start * * * to move. * * * /)))))))))))))))))))))))))))3)))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))1 * AUDIBLE: Motors inside the power * *AM-6545 finishes tuning amplifier stop turning. * * * /)))))))))))))))))))))))))))3)))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))1 * AUDIBLE: Motors stop turning * *CU-2064 finishes tuning TUN and XMIT LED's go * * * VISUAL: out * * * * * * AUDIBLE: 1 kHz tone stops; * * rushing noise is present* .)))))))))))))))))))))))))))2)))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))-

2-26

One thing we have not yet discussed about the AN/MRC-138 is that everything is timed. The power amplifier has two separate timers and the antenna coupler has one that is used twice. Look at table 2-7 for an explanation of the radio set's timers. Table 2-7. AN/MRC-138A System Timers

+)))))))))))))))0))))))))))0)))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))), USE * *TIMER LOCATION * DURATION * G444444444444444P4444444444P444444444444444444444444444444444444I * 60 sec * Allows radio set to warm up for 60 * *AM-6545 * * * * seconds before it can be used. /)))))))))))))))3))))))))))3))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))1 * 20 sec * Times the tuning cycle. If the * *AM-6545 * * * * AM-6545 and the CU-2064 cannot tune * * * * in 20 seconds, the timer will fault * * * * the power amplifier. /)))))))))))))))3))))))))))3))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))1 * 15 sec * Times the coupler's homing cycle. * *CU-2064 * * * * If the coupler cannot home in 15 * * * seconds, the timer will fault the * * * * CU-2064, and the system will not be * * * * * allowed out of warm-up. /)))))))))))))))3))))))))))3))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))1 * 15 sec * This same timer times the coupler's * *CU-2064 * * * * tuning cycle. If the coupler can't * * * tune in 15 seconds, the timer will * * * * fault the CU-2064 and the system. * .)))))))))))))))2))))))))))2))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))-

That's really all there is to the tuning cycle. So, are you ready for some questions? Give them your best shot before you move on. 1. What is used for modulation during tuning? ______________________________________________________ 2. What causes the AM-6545 to begin tuning? ______________________________________________________ 3. What causes the CU-2064 to begin tuning? ______________________________________________________ 4. Which LED(s) is (are) illuminated during tuning? ______________________________________________________ 5. What is the timer in the coupler used for? ______________________________________________________

2-27

ANSWERS: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. The 1 kHz generated by the RT-1209 The 20 mW RF input from the RT-1209 The 10 W RF input from the AM-6545 XMIT and TUN Homing and tuning of the coupler

How did you do? They were pretty easy, huh? Now that we are tuned, let's move on to see how the radio keeps an eye on the VSWR situation during its normal operation. 2302. Monitoring VSWR During Normal Operation

You will remember back in the discussion of the AN/PRC-104 that, after it tuned to a VSWR of better than 1.5:1, it would monitor the transmission line and re-tune if the VSWR exceeded 1.6:1. Well, the parameters are a little different for the AN/MRC-138A but the idea is the same. a. Tuning. During the tuning cycle, the CU-2064 will tune the antenna and transmission line for a VSWR of better than 1.2:1. This, of course, is a much better VSWR than the AN/PRC-104 tuned for. The reason we now want a better match is simple. While the AN/PRC-104 put out 20 watts, the AN/MRC-138A can put out 400 watts. b. VSWR adjustments. There are many reasons why the VSWR could change after the AN/MRC-138A has tuned--wind moving the antenna or the lead going from the coupler to the antenna being moved are a few. Regardless of the cause, the AN/MRC-138A constantly monitors the transmission line during transmit. If the VSWR goes above 1.2:1, the CU-2064 will immediately attempt to correct the mismatch by moving its variable components; they will move slowly until a VSWR better than 1.2:1 is again achieved. If you are near the CU-2064 when this happens, you may hear the components moving. Otherwise, you would never know that it had happened. c. Bad VSWR. So, what happens if, after the AN/MRC-138A has successfully tuned, the 35-foot whip antenna snaps in half? Well, undoubtedly the VSWR will exceed 1.2:1. But if the VSWR exceeds 2:1, the CU-2064 will not even try to fine tune back to 1.2:1. Instead, it will immediately fault. Considering the power this radio can put out, it would be wise to find out why the VSWR went above 2:1 before attempting to re-tune. That wasn't too bad, was it? Answer these questions to make sure you understand what the VSWR sensing feature does. 1. What VSWR does the AN/MRC-138A tune to? ______________________________________________________

2-28

2.

What would happen if, after the CU-2064 had successfully tuned, the VSWR rose to a level of 1.9:1? ______________________________________________________

3.

At what VSWR level will the CU-2064 fault? ______________________________________________________

ANSWERS: 1. 2. 3. 1.2:1 Fine tune until the VSWR returns to better than 1.2:1. When the VSWR exceeds 2:1.

Great! Besides conventional voice communication, let's discuss some of the other uses for the AN/MRC-138A. 2303. Interfacing the AN/MRC-138A with peripheral devices

The capabilities of this radio set go far beyond allowing you to talk to someone a thousand miles away. You can connect facsimile machines, computers, and teletypewriters to the AN/MRC-138A and transmit data for thousands of miles also. Before we begin, you must realize that there are dozens of ways to interface these peripheral devices with the AN/MRC-138A. The examples you will see in the following pages are just one way of doing things. Furthermore, we will not discuss encryption devices since different types are available and they can also be connected in different ways. a. Interfacing a teletypewriter. Teletypewriters operate by using current/no current conditions that are also referred to as "mark" (current) and "space" (no current). A series of marks and spaces translates to letters, numbers, or commands to the teletypewriter. A radio would have no clue to what a mark and space mean because it operates on audio frequencies for modulation. What we need is a way to convert this TTY language of mark and space to an audio language that the radio can understand. Aren't you glad we have the AM-6879 amplifier converter? The AM-6879 is going to convert the TTY's marks and spaces to audio frequencies. Marks will have one frequency, 1,575 Hz, and spaces will have another, 2,425 Hz. Let's look at figure 2-8 and see how the conversion process works.

2-29

Fig 2-8.

AN/MRC-138A and teletype interface.

Note: Remember that you must place the mode switch in either D-TR or D-RCV to use any data device. The teletypewriter on the left is connected by two wires to the front panel "DC LOOP" connectors on the AM-6879. To transmit, you need to manually close a switch that you connect to the "TTY KEY" connectors on the AM-6879. This will tell the AM-6879 to put the AN/MRC-138A into the transmit mode. Now that the radio set is transmitting, you can put the teletypewriter into transmit. Let's say that the first thing out of the teletypewriter is a mark (current.) The AM-6879 will sense this current condition and send the RT-1209 an audio frequency of 1,575 Hz. When the teletypewriter outputs a space (no current), the AM-6879 will send an audio frequency of 2,425 to the RT-1209. In receive, the manual transmit switch is open. When the RT-1209 receives a signal and demodulates an audio frequency of 1,575 Hz, it sends this frequency to the AM-6879. The AM-6879 converts this audio frequency to a current condition (mark). That is, the AM-6879 will allow current to flow through the loop which is a mark to the teletypewriter. If the AM-6879 receives an audio frequency of 2,425 it will stop the current flow through the loop. The teletypewriter will read this no current condition as a space. You will remember that on the front panel of the AM-6879 is a switch that allows you to select between 20 mA and 60 mA. The difference between the two is often referred to as "high level" (60 mA) and "low level" (20 mA). With the TTY and radio equipment of yesteryear, it was often necessary to use 60 mA for the loop current. The problem with this high level of current is that it can easily be monitored by simply placing a pick-up device anywhere around the teletypewriter, the converter, or the wires in between.

2-30

With today's equipment, low level current is more than enough to do the job plus it is much more difficult to monitor. TTY operation in this example is as basic as it gets. Your experiences will undoubtedly lead you to more efficient ways to use a teletypewriter, especially when you start to encrypt the data. b. Interfacing a computer. One of the greatest benefits of the AN/MRC-138A is that it can be used to send computer information over the air. No, you can't just hook up a computer to the radio! We need a device called a modem to do the interfacing for us. Take a look at figure 2-9. The computer on the left is connected to the modem. The modem converts the computer's digital information to analog. As you can see in figure 2-9, the modem is connected to the AM-6879 audio connector. The amplifier converter will send this analog information to the RT-1209 where it will modulate the RF and be sent over the air. On the receive side, the radio will send the analog information to the AM-6879. The information will then be sent to the modem, which will convert the analog signals to digital information the computer can use.

Fig 2-9.

AN/MRC-138A and computer interface.

c. Interfacing a facsimile machine. Running a "fax" machine over the air is pretty simple. Figure 2-10 shows that the machine is connected directly to the AM-6879. This can be done because the facsimile in this example sends the amplifier converter analog signals that the radio can use.

2-31

Fig 2-10.

AN/MRC-138A and facsimile interface.

Again, the examples you have just read about are very general by design. let's see how you do on the following quiz! 1. What is the basic operating principle of a teletypewriter? ______________________________________________________ 2. What device converts the marks and spaces to audio frequencies? ______________________________________________________ 3. What device interfaces the AN/MRC-138A and a computer? ______________________________________________________ ANSWERS: 1. 2. 3. 2304. Current and no-current conditions Amplifier Converter AM-6879 Modem The Eight Specific AN/MRC-138A Faults

Now

Up to this point we have discussed the AN/MRC-138A mainly when it is working properly. But we all know that it is a machine and machines break. Fortunately, the AN/MRC-138A has ways to tell us what is wrong. Understanding how the radio set homes and tunes and what to look and listen for, coupled with knowing the eight faults, will make you a very efficient troubleshooter.

2-32

The eight specific AN/MRC-138A faults are as follows: ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! X-Band fault Band switch fault (BSF) PA tune time fault (PATTF) Minimum inductance fault (LminFault) Filament fault (FilFault) Coupler homing fault (CHF) System tune time fault (STTF) High VSWR fault (HVSWRF)

There are two ways to tell you have a fault. First, you will have one of the AM-6545 fault LEDs lit. Second, you will hear a constant beeping in the handset. This is the same beeping you heard earlier during the 60-second warm-up. Let's cover each fault individually. Where applicable, you will be given the cause of the fault, the symptoms you will get, what to check before assuming something is bad, and, if nothing else works, a logical sequence for replacing components to correct the fault. a. X-Band fault. This one was covered back with the AN/PRC-104. You know that the frequency range of the RT-1209 is 2 MHz to 29.999 MHz, right? Well, it is possible to dial up a front panel frequency below 2 MHz. Anything below 2 MHz is considered the X-Band, and the RT-1209 will generate the fault tone (beeping). There is a band switch inside the AM-6545. If the RT-1209 is telling the AM-6545 to tune to a frequency of 1 MHz, will it? No, of course not. If the RT-1209 is set below 2 MHz, the "PA" fault LED on the AM-6545 will light because of the band switch. Cause Symptom Cure RT-1209 set below 2 MHz. Immediate fault tone, PA fault LED on. Set frequency at or above 2 MHz.

b. Band switch fault. Since we have just discussed the X-Band fault, it should not be difficult to figure this one out. The frequency range of this radio set is broken down into "bands." The A-Band may be from 2 MHz to 5 MHz for instance. Anyway, if the AM-6545 has a problem with one of these bands or if the RT-1209 sends the AM-6545 bad frequency information, it will give you a fault. Cause Symptom RT-1209 sending bad frequency information, or the AM-6545 has a bad band switch. May be present at certain frequencies only. The fault tone comes on and the PA fault LED lights immediately when the frequency is entered on front panel. RT-1209 dial frequency, connections of the power control and RF cable W1 and power and control cable W2. RT-1209, power control and RF cable W1, AM-6545 in that order.

Check Replace

2-33

c. PA tune time fault. Do you remember that the AM-6545 has two timers, one used for warm-up and the other used for timing the tuning cycle? That second timer is a 20-second variety, and if the AM-6545 does not finish tuning in that length of time, time will expire and cause a fault. Cause Symptom Check Replace AM-6545 does not tune successfully within 20 seconds. Fault tone comes on after 20 seconds. only fault LED to light. RF cable W1. The PA fault LED is the

Does the variable component inside the PA move?

If the variable component inside PA moves, the PA is bad. If it does not, replace the RT-1209, the power control and RF cable W1, RF cable W1, and the AM-6545, in that order.

d. Lmin fault. During homing, the variable inductor inside the AM-6545 is sent to its home position, which is called "L max." This means that there is maximum inductance. During the tuning process, the inductor will move away from maximum inductance until it reaches a point where it is tuned, at which it will stop. If it never finds that point, it will continue on until it reaches the other end of the inductor. This end is called "Lmin," and when the inductor gets there, it cannot do anything else. Cause Symptom Replace Variable inductor inside AM-6545 completes cycle without finding the correct tuning point. Fault tone comes on and the PA fault LED lights approximately 4 seconds after tuning begins. AM-6545

e. Filament fault. There are two power tubes inside the AM-6545 that share the task of amplifying the RF up to a level of 100 or 400 watts. A power tube needs filament voltage to operate. If one of the two filaments goes bad, the tube will become inoperative. The other tube will have to work twice as hard to maintain the output power level. If both filaments go bad, the AN/MRC-138A will not be able to transmit. Cause Symptom One or two PA tube filaments have gone bad. If one filament is bad, the FIL fault LED will light but the radio will still be operational. If both are bad, the radio will not be able to transmit. AM-6545

Replace

2-34

f. Coupler homing fault. There is one timer in the coupler and it is used to time the homing cycle and the tuning cycle of the coupler. When the system is initialized, the two variable components inside the coupler are driven to their "home" positions. If for any reason they cannot be driven back to home, the coupler will fault and the AN/MRC-138A will never come out of warm-up. Cause Symptom Either of the variable components in the CU-2064 is unable to move to its home position. CPLR fault LED will light approximately 15 seconds after the system is initialized. The radio set will not come out of warm-up. CU-2064

Replace

g. System tune time fault. Earlier we discussed another tune time fault, the PA tune time fault (PATTF). If the tuning process begins and the PA never develops 10 watts to the coupler, then the coupler will not start tuning. If the coupler does not start to tune, it will not fault. That is how we got a PATTF. If the coupler does try to tune but cannot find the correct tuning point before its 15-second tune timer expires, it will fault. So why don't we call it a "coupler tuning fault"? If the CU-2064 does not tell the AM-6545 that it is tuned, the 20-second tune timer in the PA will also expire. This will cause the PA to fault also giving a "system" tune time fault. Cause Symptom Either the CU-2064 cannot successfully tune, or both the AM6545 and the CU-2064 have failed to successfully tune. Approximately 15 seconds after the tuning cycle begins, the fault tone will start and the CPLR fault LED will light. Five seconds later, the PA fault LED will light. Antenna and transmission line for opens and shorts. RF cable W5. If the antenna is good, replace the CU-2064.

Check Replace

h. High VSWR fault. We also discussed this fault earlier. If, after the AN/MRC-138A has successfully tuned to a VSWR of better than 1.2:1, the VSWR rises to above 2:1 during a transmission, the CU-2064 will be unable to retune and the coupler will fault. Cause Symptom Check Replace Excessive VSWR after radio set has successfully tuned. Fault tone will begin during a transmission, and the CPLR fault LED will light. Antenna and transmission line. If the antenna is good, replace the CU-2064.

2-35

Please note that this is NOT the end-all troubleshooting checklist. You will find a troubleshooting guide in the current edition of TM 07749B-12/1 that may prove helpful. Besides knowing the material in these guides, you will find that a strong understanding of how the radio operates will be the most important thing that makes you a highly sought-after troubleshooter. So you have a fault. How do you clear it? To get the fault tone to go away and to get the AN/MRC-138A ready to try tuning again, you can do one of three things: ! ! ! Turn the radio off, then on again. Turn the mode switch to a receive-only mode, then back to a transmit-receive mode. Change the frequency by more than 100 Hz.

Now you know how to identify a specific fault when you hear that constant beeping in the handset and one or more fault LEDs are lit. Take this little quiz to ensure you know the faults. 1. What is wrong if you hear a constant beeping immediately after turnon, but no fault LEDs are lit? ______________________________________________________ 2. Approximately 20 seconds after you start the tuning cycle, the fault tone begins in the handset. Only the PA fault light is lit. Which fault has occurred? ______________________________________________________ 3. Immediately upon turning the AN/MRC-138A on, you hear the constant beeping and notice the PA fault light is lit. Name two faults that could give these indications. ______________________________________________________ 4. You get a PATTF. On the second try, you notice that the variable component inside the AM-6545 is turning. Why would you not suspect the RT-1209 or the RF cable W1? ______________________________________________________ 5. Every time you turn the AN/MRC-138A on, you get a fault tone and the CPLR fault LED is lit after approximately 15 seconds. What should you replace? ______________________________________________________

2-36

ANSWERS: 1. 2. 3. 4. Nothing! The AN/MRC-138A is in warm-up.

PA tune type fault. X-Band fault or BSF. Because the AM-6545 needs RF to begin tuning. If you can hear the variable component moving, that means that RF got to it. The RF cables and the RT-1209 must be good. The CU-2064.

5.

Great. You've finished the second study unit. You have been taken through the AN/MRC-138A (and the AN/GRC-193) from a basic description to faults and troubleshooting. You have learned about each piece of the radio set, how each major component works, and even the basics of interfacing peripheral devices. Go back through the material now and review it as you feel necessary. When you are confident, give the unit exercise a shot. Good going and good luck!

2-37

Unit Exercise:

Complete items 1 through 23 by performing the action required. Check your responses against those listed at the end of this study unit.

1.

The AN/MRC-138A is best described as a vehicular mounted a. sideband radio set that operates in the very high frequency (VHF) spectrum using ground wave and sky wave propagation. It provides short-range communications and is capable of secure voice communications. amplitude modulated (AM) radio set that operates in the high frequency (HF) spectrum using ground wave and sky wave propagation. It provides short- and long-range communications and is capable of secure voice communications. sideband radio set that operates in the high frequency (HF) spectrum using ground wave and sky wave propagation. It provides short- and long-range communications and is capable of secure voice. frequency modulated (FM) radio set that operates in the high frequency (HF) spectrum using ground wave propagation. It provides short- and long-range communications and is capable of secure voice.

b.

c.

d.

2.

The AN/GRC-193 is best described as a rack mounted a. sideband radio set that operates in the very high frequency (VHF) spectrum using ground wave and sky wave propagation. It provides short-range communications. sideband radio set that operates in the high frequency (HF) spectrum using ground wave and sky wave propagation. It provides short- and long-range communications. amplitude modulated (AM) radio set that operates in the high frequency (HF) spectrum using ground wave and sky wave propagation. It provides short- and long-range communications. frequency modulated (FM) radio set that operates in the high frequency (HF) spectrum using ground wave propagation. It provides short- and long-range communications.

b.

c.

d.

3.

The receiver-transmitter used in the AN/MRC-138A and the AN/GRC-193 is the a. b. RT-1209. RT-841. c. d. RT-1319B. RT-524.

2-38

4.

The AN/MRC-138A's output power is selectable for either _____ or _____ watts. a. b. 20, 100 50, 100 c. d. 100, 200 100, 400

5.

The data transmission rate for the AN/GRC-193 is _____ baud. a. b. 45 60 c. d. 75 110

6.

The only difference in using the RT-1209 in the AN/MRC-138A rather than in the AN/PRC-104 is that a. b. c. d. the sideband switch is not used. the RT-1209 connects to a control cable instead of to the AM-6874. only frequencies above 2 MHz can be used. the mode switch is not used.

7.

The AM-6879 speaker will be off when a. b. c. d. crypto equipment is being used or the AM-6879 On/Off switch is in the OFF position. the AN/MRC-138A is in a receive condition or the AM-6879 On/Off switch is in the OFF position. the AN/MRC-138A is transmitting or the AM-6879 On/Off switch is in the OFF position. someone is using the CW key or the AM-6879 On/Off switch is in the OFF position.

8.

The AM-6545 XMIT LED will be illuminated during a. b. c. d. transmit only. transmit and warm-up only. tune and transmit only. warm-up and tune only.

9.

The main function of the CU-2064 antenna flag switch is to a. b. c. d. indicate which antenna is in use. remind the operator that an antenna must be used. prevent the operator from using two antennas at the same time. select between 100 or 400 watts of RF power out.

10.

Which AN/MRC-138A major component is placed on the passenger's side rear fenderwell of the HMMWV? a. b. RT-1209 CU-2064 c. d. AM-6545 AM-6879

2-39

11.

The AN/MRC-138A major component that has only one RF and/or power and control cable connection is the a. b. RT-1209. AM-6545. c. d. CU-2064. AM-6879.

12.

The first step in the power-up sequence for the AN/MRC-138A is to a. b. c. d. turn the RT-1209 on. apply primary power by turning the circuit breaker on. set the RT-1209 mode switch to a transmit position. set the AM-6879 on/off switch to the ON position.

13.

Warm-up for the AN/MRC-138A takes ______ seconds to complete. a. b. 15 20 c. d. 30 60

14.

What causes the AM-6545 to tune? a. b. c. d. The homing process Ten watts applied to the CU-2064 RF applied to the AM-6545 The 20-second tune timer

15.

What causes the CU-2064 to start tuning? a. b. c. d. Ten watts of RF from the AM-6545 An RF input from the RT-1209 Turning the radio set on Setting the coupler power switch to the ON position.

16.

The 20 second timer in the AM-6545 is used for a. b. c. d. system warm-up. system tuning. PA homing. coupler homing.

17.

How do you initiate the tuning process in the AN/MRC-138A? a. b. c. d. Press the handset PTT or depress the CW key. Set the RT-1209 mode switch to the V-TR or D-TR positions. Change the RT-1209 frequency by more than 100 Hz. You don't do anything; the tuning process will happen automatically after the homing process.

18.

The AN/MRC-138A will be successfully tuned when it reaches a VSWR of better than a. b. 1.0:1. 1.2:1. c. d. 1.5:1. 1.9:1.

2-40

19.

The terms "mark" and "space" are used when speaking of _______ operation. a. b. TTY RWI c. d. CW SatComm

20.

What function does the AM-6879 provide when interfacing the AN/MRC-138A with a teletypewriter? a. b. c. d. It It It It encrypts converts encrypts converts the audio. the TTY marks and spaces to audio frequencies. the TTY marks and spaces. RF to TTY marks and spaces.

21.

Which faults can occur after the AN/MRC-138A has been successfully tuned? Assume no frequency changes will be made. a. b. c. d. Filament and high VSWR Filament and low voltage PA tune time and high VSWR High VSWR and Lmin

22.

Which fault has occurred, if after 20 seconds of tuning, the PA and CPLR fault LEDs illuminate? a. b. System tune time PA tune time c. d. Filament Lmin

23.

When the RT-1209 is set to a frequency of 12 MHz after having been operated at 27 MHz, you notice the PA fault LED has illuminated. Which fault has occurred? a. b. CPLR homing fault Band switch fault c. d. X-Band fault Filament fault

2-41

Study Unit 2 Exercise Solutions Reference 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. c. b. a. d. c. b. c. c. c. b. a. b. d. c. a b. a. b. a. b. a. a. b. 2101 2102 2103 2104 2104 2105 2106 2107 2108 2201 2202 2203 2203 2301 2301 2301 2301 2302 2303 2303 2304 2304 2304

2-42

STUDY UNIT 3 HAVE QUICK RADIO SETS AN/PRC-113(V)3 AND AN/VRC-83(V)2 Introduction. Marine Air Ground Task Force (MAGTF) field operations depend heavily on voice communication between a variety of aircraft and ground units to achieve mission objectives. To counteract enemy use of electronic warfare (EW), the Marine Corps uses a family of frequency hopping radio sets for ground-to-ground and ground-to-air communications. These radio sets, the AN/PRC-113(V)3 and AN/VRC-83(V)2, permit the user to conduct operations effectively in the presence of enemy jamming and direction finding equipment. Your ability to operate and effectively employ these radio sets is critical to your unit's mission. This study unit will teach you the characteristics, capabilities, and functions of the AN/PRC-113(V)3 and the AN/VRC-83(V)2 radio sets. Using this study unit and the handbook that you received with this course, you will gain the knowledge and skills required to properly employ these radio sets and use them to their full capability. Lesson 1. CHARACTERISTICS AND CAPABILITIES OF THE AN/PRC-113(V)3 AND AN/VRC83(V)2

LEARNING OBJECTIVES 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Describe in writing Radio Set AN/PRC-113(V)3. Describe in writing Radio Set AN/VRC-83(V)2. List the components of the AN/PRC-113(V)3 and the AN/VRC-83(V)2. List the technical characteristics of the AN/PRC-113(V)3 and the AN/VRC-83(V)2. Given an illustration of the Receiver-Transmitter RT-1319B, identify the controls, display, and connectors. Describe in writing the procedures for operating the RT-1319B as a single channel radio. List the operational features and modes of the RT-1319B. Given an illustration of the Power Amplifier AM-7176A, identify the controls, connectors, and the indicator.

3-1

3101.

Radio Set AN/PRC-113(V)3

The AN/PRC-113(V)3 (figure 3-1) is a lightweight, amplitude modulation (AM) radio set that operates in the very high frequency (VHF) and ultra high frequency (UHF) spectrums using line-of-sight propagation. It provides shortrange ground-to-ground and ground-to-air communications and is capable of secure voice operation using the TSEC/KY-57. As a deterrent to enemy meaconing, intrusion, jamming, and interference, this radio set can be employed using the electronic counter-countermeasure (ECCM), or frequency hopping, feature. The AN/PRC-113(V)3 radio has an operator selectable guard receiver that is fix-tuned to the UHF international distress frequency of 243.000 MHz. Warning: Always assume that the enemy can jam or intrude on your radio circuits. Play it safe and keep your transmissions short; three to five seconds is the general rule. Anything longer than that makes you more vulnerable.

3102.

Radio Set AN/VRC-83(V)2

The AN/VRC-83(V)2 (fig 3-2) is a vehicular-mounted AM radio set that operates in the VHF and UHF spectrums using line-of-sight propagation. It provides short-range ground-to-ground and ground-to-air communications and is capable of secure voice operation using the TSEC/KY-57. Transmission quality is enhanced with a 30-watt power amplifier, the AM-7176A. The AM-7176A contains a stand-by power supply that will power the RT-1319B in the event of a momentary loss of power. As with the AN/PRC-113(V)3, the AN/VRC-83(V)2 has ECCM capability and the guard receiver. Before you go on, take this challenge: In the space below, write the description of the AN/PRC-113(V)3. __________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________

3-2

If you wrote that the AN/PRC-113(V)3 is an AM radio set that operates in the VHF and UHF spectrums using line-of-sight propagation, provides short-range ground-to-ground and ground-to-air communications, and has both secure voice and ECCM capability, you are correct. If your answer did not include this information, please review paragraph 3101 before you continue. Now let's see if you can write a description of the AN/VRC-83(V)2 radio on the lines below. __________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ If you wrote the AN/VRC-83(V)2 is a vehicular-mounted AM radio set that operates in the VHF and UHF spectrums using line-of-sight propagation, provides enhanced short-range ground-to-ground and ground-to-air communications, and has both secure voice and ECCM capability, you are correct. You should have also said that the radio set provides transmission quality enhancement with a 30-watt power amplifier. If your answer did not include this information, please review paragraph 3102 before you continue. Now let's take a look at what components make up the radio sets. 3103. Components of the AN/PRC-113(V)3 and AN/VRC-83(V)2

a. Components of the AN/PRC-113(V)3. Let's take a look at the components that make the AN/PRC-113(V)3 radio set. Keep in mind that the AN/PRC-113(V)3 is a radio set. The receiver-transmitter RT-1319B is only one part of this radio set. Use figure 3-1 on the next page to view the basic components of the AN/PRC-113(V)3. b. Components of the AN/VRC-83(V)2. Like 83(V)2 is a radio set, and the RT-1319B is already learned that the AN/VRC-83(V)2 has enhances transmission quality. Use figure components of the AN/VRC-83(V)2. the AN/PRC-113(V)3, the AN/VRConly part of the set. You have a 30-watt power amplifier that 3-2 on page 3-5 to see the basic

3-3

+))))))))))))))))))0)))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))), REFERENCE * COMPONENT * * /))))))))))))))))))3))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))1 1 * ALICE Pack * * 2 * Receiver-Transmitter, RT-1319B * * 3 * Cable Assembly, TOD transfer * * * 4 * Cable Assembly, KY-57 * 5 * Antenna, VHF/UHF Dual Band * * 6 * Battery, BB-590 or BA-5590 (two required) * * 7 * Handset, H-250 * * 8 * Battery Box * * .))))))))))))))))))2))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))-

Fig 3-1.

Basic components of the AN/PRC-113(V)3.

3-4

+))))))))))))))))))0)))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))), REFERENCE * COMPONENT * * /))))))))))))))))))3))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))1 1 * Receiver-Transmitter RT-1319B * * 2 * Power Amplifier AM-7176A * * 3 * Mount * * * 4 * Antenna AS-3588 * 5 * Cable Assembly, TOD transfer * * 6 * Cable Assembly, KY-57 * * 7 * Handset H-250 * * 8 * Cable, RF Input * * 9 * Cable, Input Power * * 10 * Cable, Standby Power Supply * * 11 * Cable, RF * * .))))))))))))))))))2))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))-

Fig 3-2.

Basic components of the AN/VRC-83(V)2.

3-5

3104. a.

Technical Characteristics of the AN/PRC-113(V)3 and AN/VRC-83(V)2 Radio Sets

. Technical characteristics of the AN/PRC-113(V)3 Table 3-1. Technical characteristics of the AN/PRC-113(V)3

+))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))0)))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))), CHARACTERISTIC * DESCRIPTION * * G444444444444444444444444444444P44444444444444444444444444444444I * Manual, using the keyboard * * Frequency selection * * * * * * 8 programmable presets * * * * 24 to 30 VDC * * Power requirements * * * * 116.000 to 149.975 MHz (VHF) * * Frequency range * * * 1360 VHF frequencies * * * * * 225.000 to 399.975 MHz (UHF) * * * * 7000 UHF frequencies * * * * Channel spacing * 25 kHz * * * * * Low power - 2 watts * * Output power * * * High power - 10 watts * * * * AM voice * * Types of modulation * * * AM secure voice * * * Direction Finding (DF) * * * * Single channel * * Modes of operation * * * ECCM * * * * Fix-tuned to 243.000 MHz * * Guard Receiver .))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))2))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))-

3-6

b.

Technical characteristics of the AN/VRC-83(V)2 Table 3-2. Technical characteristics of the AN/VRC-83(V)2

+)))))))))))))))))))))))))))))0))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))), CHARACTERISTICS * DESCRIPTION * * G44444444444444444444444444444P444444444444444444444444444444444I * Frequency selection * Manual, using the keyboard * * * * * * * 8 programmable presets * * * * 24 to 30 VDC * * Power requirements * * * * 116.000 to 149.975 MHz (VHF) * * Frequency range * * * 1360 VHF frequencies * * * * * * 225.000 to 399.975 MHz (UHF) * * * 7000 UHF frequencies * * * * 25 kHz * * Channel spacing * * * BYPASS mode * 2 watts (RT-1319B low power) * * Output power * * 10 watts (RT-1319B high power) * PA mode * * * * * * * AM voice * * Types of modulation * * * AM secure voice * * * Direction Finding (DF) * * * * Single channel * * Modes of operation * * * ECCM * * * * Fix tuned to 243.000 MHz * * Guard Receiver .)))))))))))))))))))))))))))))2)))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))-

Okay, what are the differences between the two radio sets? The only difference is that the AN/VRC-83(V)2 has a 30-watt power amplifier and the associated hardware to mount the assembly in a vehicle and the AN/PRC-113(V)3 does not! The RT-1319B is common to both radio sets and it accounts for most of the characteristics. Now we are going to move into a discussion on the RT-1319B. You will cover its front panel and learn what each connector interfaces with, what the codes on the keypad mean, and what the liquid crystal display (LCD) can tell you. When you are comfortable with everything we've covered up to this point, continue on!

3-7

3105.

Receiver-Transmitter RT-1319B Controls, Display, and Connectors

Let's take a look at the controls, display, and connectors on the RT-1319B. Figure 3-3 on the next page gives an illustration of the RT-1319B front panel with exploded views of the LCD and the keyboard. Table 3-3 on this page explains the use and function of the controls and connectors. Table 3-4 on page 3-10 provides an explanation of each key on the RT-1319B keyboard, and table 3-5 on page 3-11 explains the LCD. Table 3-3. RT-1319B Controls and Connectors

+))))))))0)))0))))))))))))))))))))))))0))))))))))))))))))))))))), *REF* ACTION * RESULT OF ACTION * * ITEM G44444444P444P444444444444444444444444P4444444444444444444444444I * 1 *Rotating clockwise *Turns radio on, then * *OFF/ * *increases volume * *VOLUME * * * * * * *Decreases volume, then * * * *Rotating counter*turns radio off * * * *clockwise /))))))))3)))3))))))))))))))))))))))))3)))))))))))))))))))))))))1 * 2 *Rotating clockwise *Turns back-lighting on, * *DIM * * * *then increases intensity * * * * * * *Decreases intensity, then* * * *Rotating counter*turns back-lighting off * * * *clockwise /))))))))3)))3))))))))))))))))))))))))3)))))))))))))))))))))))))1 *Increases squelch level * *SQUELCH * 3 *Rotating clockwise * * * * * *Decreases squelch level * * * *Rotating counter* * * * *clockwise /))))))))3)))3))))))))))))))))))))))))3)))))))))))))))))))))))))1 *(Self-explanatory) * *ANTENNA * 4 *Connecting antenna /))))))))3)))3))))))))))))))))))))))))3)))))))))))))))))))))))))1 * *REMOTE * 5 *Connecting TOD transfer *Provides HWT interface * * * * *cable * * * * * * * * *Connecting standby power*Provides connection to *AM-7167A * * * *supply cable /))))))))3)))3))))))))))))))))))))))))3)))))))))))))))))))))))))1 * 6 *Connecting handset *Permits voice * *AUDIO * * * * *communication * * * * * * * * *Connecting KY-57 cable *Permits secure voice * * * * *communication /))))))))3)))3))))))))))))))))))))))))3)))))))))))))))))))))))))1 *KEYBOARD* *Covered in table 3-4 * * /))))))))3)))3))))))))))))))))))))))))3)))))))))))))))))))))))))1 *Covered in table 3-5 * * *LIQUID * * * * *CRYSTAL * * * * *DISPLAY * .))))))))2)))2))))))))))))))))))))))))2)))))))))))))))))))))))))-

3-8

Fig 3-3.

RT-1319B front panel.

3-9

The RT-1319B keyboard has twelve keys; pressing each key will activate a particular function. Later in this study unit you will learn how to use the keys. Table 3-4. Functions of the RT-1319B Keyboard

+))))))))0)))))))))))))))))))0)))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))), * MEANING * FUNCTION * * KEY G44444444P4444444444444444444P4444444444444444444444444444444444I *+))))), * * * 1 * Enters the number 1 * ** 1 * * *.)))))- * * Used with software revision check* *+))))), * * * 2 * Enters the number 2 * ** 2 * * *.)))))- * * * *+))))), * * * 3 * Enters the number 3 * ** 3 * * * *.)))))- * * Used with forced clock start *+))))), * * * 4 * Enters the number 4 * ** 4 * * Low Power * Controls power output level * ** LPR * * *.)))))- * * * *+))))), * * * 5 * Enters the number 5 * ** 5 * * Active * Controls ECCM operation * ** ACT * * *.)))))- * * * *+))))), * * * 6 * Enters the number 6 * ** 6 * * Guard * Controls Guard Receiver * ** GD * * *.)))))- * * * *+))))), * * * 7 * Enters the number 7 * ** 7 * * Squelch * Controls Main Receiver squelch * ** SQL * * *.)))))- * * * *+))))), * * * 8 * Enters the number 8 * ** 8 * * Time of Day * Commands RT to accept TOD signal * ** TOD * * *.)))))- * * * *+))))), * * * 9 * Enters the number 9 * ** 9 * * Direction * Controls the DF mode * ** DF * * Finding * * *.)))))- * *+))))), * * * Clear * Clears number errors * ** CLR * * Hard Wire * Transmits TOD via Hard Wire * ** HWT * * Transfer * Transfer * *.)))))- * *+))))), * * * ** 0 * * 0 * Enters the number 0 * Preset * Allows access to preset registers* ** PST * * *.)))))- * * * *+))))), * * * Enter * Commands RT to process programmed* ** ENT * * *.)))))- * * information and re-light display * .))))))))2)))))))))))))))))))2))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))-

3-10

3106.

Liquid Crystal Display

The LCD consists of seven-segment digits to display frequencies and various codes and five enunciators to display current operating modes. Table 3-5. RT-1319B Liquid Crystal Display Readouts and Meanings

+)))))))))))))0)))))))))))))))))))))0))))))))))))))))))))))))))), ITEM * CONDITION * INDICATION * * G4444444444444P444444444444444444444P444444444444444444444444444I * Normal operation * Shows frequency of * * Frequency * * operation * * Display * * * * * * Incorrect frequency * The incorrect digit will * * flash to show error * * * being loaded * * * * * Shows operating codes and * * * ECCM programming * * * * WOD segments * * * * * Shows a flashing "A" or * * * ECCM error * * * a flashing "5" * * * * * * Shows Active Net Number * * * ECCM operation /)))))))))))))3)))))))))))))))))))))3)))))))))))))))))))))))))))1 * Normal operation * Will be solid * * Decimal * * * * Point * Will be flashing * * * Battery power low /)))))))))))))3)))))))))))))))))))))3)))))))))))))))))))))))))))1 * Low power operation * Will be on * * LPR * * * enunciator * * * * High power operation* Will be out /)))))))))))))3)))))))))))))))))))))3)))))))))))))))))))))))))))1 * Plain Text operation* Will be on * * PT * * * enunciator * * Will be out * * * Cipher operation /)))))))))))))3)))))))))))))))))))))3)))))))))))))))))))))))))))1 * Direction Finding * Will be on * * DF * * * enunciator * enabled * * * * * Will be out * * * Direction Finding * * * * disabled /)))))))))))))3)))))))))))))))))))))3)))))))))))))))))))))))))))1 * Guard Receiver * Will be on * * GD * * * enunciator * on * * * * * * Guard Receiver * Will be out * * * * * disabled /)))))))))))))3)))))))))))))))))))))3)))))))))))))))))))))))))))1 * Main Receiver * Will be on * * SQL * * * enunciator * squelch on * * * * * Will be out * * * Main Receiver * * * * squelch off .)))))))))))))2)))))))))))))))))))))2)))))))))))))))))))))))))))-

3-11

We've covered a lot of information on the RT-1319B front panel. Do you think you can remember what everything does? Without referring back, take the short quiz below to see if you are ready to continue with the lesson. 1. What does a flashing decimal point indicate? ______________________________________________________ 2. What functions does the "CLR/HWT" key perform? ______________________________________________________ 3. State the modes of operation being used when the following enunciators are on: SQL DF LPR PT 4. _____________________________ ______________________________ ______________________________ ______________________________

What do you connect to the "AUDIO" connector? ______________________________________________________

5.

What control on the front panel is used to re-light the display? ______________________________________________________

6.

How do you change the RT-1319B output power level? ______________________________________________________

ANSWERS: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. That the input power level is low. It clears a number error and transmits TOD via HWT. SQL-squelch is enabled, DF-direction finding are enabled, LPR-the RT-1319B is in low power, and PT-no encryption device is in use. A handset or the KY-57 cable. The "ENT" key on the keyboard. Press the "4/LPR" key on the keyboard.

3-12

If you had trouble with these questions, please go back and review the information since it is extremely important that you become familiar with the RT-1319B front panel. If you're comfortable with all of the information presented so far, let's move on. 3107. Operating the RT-1319B as a Single Channel Radio

Now that you have covered each of the controls, indicators, and keys of the keyboard and the display, you are ready to operate the RT-1319B. Stop for a minute to find the handbook you received with this course; it is titled "AN/PRC-113(V)3 and AN/VRC-83(V)2 Programming Guide." If you haven't already done so, take a minute to browse through it to become familiar with its format. This study unit will refer you to the handbook often. When working on or around electrical equipment, always go the extra mile to protect yourself, your equipment, and those around you. In preparing a radio set for use, as well as during its operation, safety should always be on your mind. Do you know what the two main safety concerns should be? They're what you put into the radio and what you get out of it. That's right, input power and radio frequency (RF) output power. a. Input Power. In the AN/PRC-113(V)3 configuration, the RT-1319B uses two batteries. The AN/VRC-83(V)2 configuration supplies the radio power from an outside source (usually the HMMWV or a power supply). (1) AN/PRC-113(V)3. The RT-1319B uses two BA-5590/U lithium batteries or two BB-590/U Nickel Cadmium (NiCad) batteries. If you work in the battery charging area or even near it, make sure you are aware of the safety procedures working there requires. When operating the radio set, you must make absolutely sure that the batteries you are using are of the same type. NiCad and lithium batteries have different output voltages and different discharge rates. Using one of each in the RT-1319B could cause one or both of the batteries to discharge gas faster than normal, which in turn could cause a violent explosion inside the battery box. Never mix batteries! AN/VRC-83(V)2. Regardless of whether the radio set is operating from a HMMWV or from a power supply, you must use caution when making connections to the power source. Be sure you do not strike metal surfaces when working around the connectors and always be aware of polarity. If in doubt, ask someone from your maintenance facility to verify polarity.

(2)

b. RF output. Neither radio set puts out enough power to kill you, but both will get your attention if you're not careful! In transmit, your radio is radiating energy.

3-13

That energy is a very intense alternating current (AC) wave form that can cause severe burns so be careful around antennas and antenna cables . Good! I hope you're now aware of the dangers of the equipment. Don't be afraid of it, just respect it. Now let's learn how to operate these radio sets. In your programming guide, turn to table 6 on page 8. This table gives you step-by-step instructions on how to set up the AN/PRC-113(V)3 radio set. Go ahead and read that page, then come back and we'll review each step a little more in depth. c. Set-up procedures for the AN/PRC-113(V)3. (1) Step 1. Unlatch the battery box from the bottom of the RT-1319B to gain access to the battery box. Place the batteries inside the two compartments in the battery box, with the two connectors outboard. Gently place the RT-1319B back down on the battery box to seat the connectors. When the batteries are seated, latch the battery box back to the RT-1319B. Step 2. Gently place the connector end of the antenna over the ANT connector on the RT-1319B. Turn the antenna in a clockwise direction to thread it on the radio. Once the antenna becomes snug, DO NOT continue tightening! If you tighten it too much you'll need a wrench to take it off. Step 3. Most communicators prefer a coat of saliva on the o-ring to aid in fastening the handset. While it does make the connection easy to make, it does absolutely nothing for moisture prevention. A light coat of silicone grease will make the connection easy and moisture resistant. Step 4. Turn the OFF/VOLUME switch on the RT-1319B clockwise to turn the radio on. You should immediately hear rushing noise in the handset. Continue to turn the OFF/VOLUME switch clockwise to increase the volume. If you cannot hear any rushing noise, look for "SQL" on the LCD. Press the "7/SQL" key on the keyboard if you see that squelch is enabled. The radio will automatically return to the operating modes and frequency that was in use the last time it was on. As you turned OFF/VOLUME switch clockwise, you should have also seen the liquid crystal display (LCD) "glow" green (called backlighting). You can turn the DIM control left or right to adjust the amount backlighting.

(2)

(3)

(4)

Note: Backlighting will automatically go out 30 seconds after power-up, or when the keyboard is not used for 30 seconds. To re-light, push the ENT key.

3-14

d. Set-up procedures for the AN/VRC-83(V)2. Table 7 on page 9 of your programming guide gives you step-by-step instructions on how to set up the AN/VRC-83(V)2. Information on the RT-1319B is similar to that for the AN/PRC-113(V)3. The RT-1319B is now ready to operate. The frequency you see on the display is the one used last. Likewise, the enunciators show the operating modes the radio was last using. e. Using the RT-1319B keyboard. Earlier you learned the function of each key. Now you'll find out how to use each key to change frequencies and how to control each of the radio's operational features. There are two types of keys, single-function and dual-function. Single-function keys are those keys (keys 1, 2, 3, and ENT) that, when used alone, have only one use. You can use the dual-function keys for more than one function, depending on when they are pressed. Turn back to figure 3-3 on page 3-9 of this study unit and look closely at the keyboard. There are four keys that have only one function printed on them. They are the 1, 2, 3, and ENT (enter). These four keys are "single function keys." The reason the ENT key is a single function key is obvious. But what about those number keys? Do you have any idea? Any frequency you put into the RT-1319B will start with a one, a two, or a three. The radio cannot operate at anything below 116.000 MHz or above 399.975 MHz. Therefore, when you press the 1, 2, or 3, the radio knows that you want to change the frequency. You may have noticed back in table 3-4 on page 3-10 that the one key and the three key are used for commands other than entering "1" and "3." The software revision check and the forced clock start are accomplished by a combination of keys rather than the one or three key alone. The other eight keys are dual function. When you push them determines what they will do. Let's look at the "7/SQL" key for instance. If you pushed it before any other key, the radio would know you wanted a mode change (SQL, squelch). It knows this because it can't operate at 700 MHz! If you use the "7/SQL" during a frequency change, it will give you a seven. f. Changing the frequency. So now the radio is on and you are ready to change the frequency. Turn to page 10 in your programming guide. You will find step-by-step procedures on how to enter a new frequency. Use that chart and try and visualize performing a frequency change. All you will do is press five keys, then the enter key. You don't have to press six number keys for a six-digit frequency because the RT-1319B has 25 kHz spacing; if you press a "0" for the fifth digit, the radio knows you want "00," a "2" means "25," a "5" means "50," and a "7" means "75."

3-15

So what happens if you make a mistake? Turn the radio off and start over? Obviously not. The RT-1319B has a key you use to clear mistakes, the "CLR/HWT" key. Let's say you want to enter the frequency of "345.450." You push "3," "4," "5," then, accidentally, "9." Oops! If you push the "CLR/HWT" key now, that "9" will disappear. The "CLR/HWT" key will erase digits one at a time. Now, what if you had pushed "2," "4," "5," "4," "5"? You would see "245.450" on the display, which is not what you wanted. You would have to push the "CLR/HWT" key until you reached your mistake, the "2." Then you would just re-enter the correct frequency. How many times would you have to push the "CLR/HWT" key? I hope you said four. g. Entering a new frequency into a preset register . So to change the frequency, you press five digits, then the "ENT" key, right? To enter a new frequency into a preset register is not much different. Turn to page 11 of your programming guide which will give you step-by-step instructions on how to enter a frequency into a preset register. Just as before, you press five keys to get a six-digit frequency. Instead of pressing "ENT" to enter the frequency, this time you will press "0/PST." This will tell the RT-1319B you want to put this frequency into a preset register. The display will show you "LP- ." It is asking you which of the eight presets you want to put the frequency in. So all you have to do is press the appropriate number, then enter! To recall frequencies previously placed in presets, just press the "0/PST" key. The display will show you "P- ," which is the radio's way of asking you which preset you want to see. Press the number you want, then enter. This is shown on page 12 of your programming guide. 3108. Operational Features and Modes of the RT-1319B We

The RT-1319B has five operational features and five operational modes. will discuss how to control them and what each does. a. Operational features of the RT-1319B. (1)

Direction finding (DF). When enabled, the RT-1319B will go into constant transmit. The transmitted RF is modulated at 90 percent with a 1 kHz tone. Use the "9/DF" key to control this feature. The "DF" will light up on the display when enabled. You will normally use direction finding during ECCM but, as the name implies, you can use it for direction finding operations. Guard receiver. When enabled, the RT-1319B uses a special receiver that is tuned to the UHF international distress frequency of 243.000 MHz. This receiver operates independently of the RT-1319B main receiver. Squelch for the guard receiver is always on and is not adjustable. Use the "6/GD" key to control this feature. The "GD" will light up on the display when enabled.

(2)

3-16

(3)

Squelch. When enabled, the RT-1319B will squelch all signals received by the main receiver. Use the "SQUELCH" control to control the level at which squelch will break. This squelch has no effect on the guard receiver. Use the "7/SQL" key to control this feature. The "SQL" will light up on the display when enabled. Low/High Power. Use the "4/LPR" key to control the RT-1319B output power level. When the display shows "LPR," the RT-1319B is in low power and will put out two watts of RF in transmit. If "LPR" is not shown on the LCD, the radio is in high power and will put out ten watts of RF in transmit. Plain Text. The "PT" enunciator on the RT-1319B display will be on only when you are not using an encryption device. When an operational TSEC/KY-57 is connected to the RT-1319B audio connector, you will not see "PT" on the display.

(4)

(5)

b.

Operational modes of the RT-1319B. (1) Normal operation/single word of day (SWOD) load mode. In this mode you can program the eight preset frequency channels, operate in single channel, load one word of day (WOD) entry, or enter the ECCM mode. This mode is used during normal operation, whether ECCM or single channel. Multiple word of day (MWOD) load mode. In this mode you can load the RT-1319B with up to six days' worth of WOD entries. The eight preset frequency channels cannot be accessed while in the MWOD load mode. You access this mode by using a special ECCM code. Word of day erase. When you access this mode, the RT-1319B will erase all WOD entries loaded into memory. Because this mode is limited to erasing WOD entries, the RT-1319B will automatically revert back to the previously selected mode. You also access WOD erase by using a special ECCM code. Frequency management training (FMT) load mode. This mode will enable you to load up to 16 frequencies that the RT-1319B can hop on during ECCM operation. You can only use it for loading FMT frequencies. Access the FMT load mode by using a special ECCM code. Active mode. Accessing the active mode, also called "going active," simply means going into the ECCM mode. Access this mode by pressing the "5/ACT" key. A solid "A", replacing the first digit of the frequency of operation, indicates that the RT-1319B is active.

(2)

(3)

(4)

(5)

3-17

In later discussions we will cover many of these features in depth, so if some of them are not really clear to you yet, don't worry! You will know everything there is to know about the RT-1319B very soon. For now, let's check to see what you know about the operational features and modes of the radio. 1. In this mode, you can program the eight preset frequency channels, and the RT-1319B will operate in single channel or ECCM. One word of day (WOD) entry can be programmed for ECCM operation. Which of the operating modes does this describe? ______________________________________________________ 2. When will the RT-1319B go into constant transmit and output a 1 kHz tone? ______________________________________________________ 3. When will the "PT" enunciator go out? ______________________________________________________ ANSWERS: 1. 2. 3. The normal operation/SWOD load mode. When the DF mode is enabled. When an operational TSEC/KY-57 is connected to the RT-1319B.

So far we have covered the AN/PRC-113(V)3 and AN/VRC-83(V)2 as complete radio sets, and have also covered the RT-1319B alone. Now let's get on to the AM7176A, the 30-watt power amplifier used in the AN/VRC-83(V)2.

3-18

3109.

Power Amplifier AM-7176A Controls, Connectors, and Indicator

The AM-7176A power amplifier is used in the AN/VRC-83(V)2 to increase the RF power output level to 30 watts. It also provides the RT-1319B with temporary power when the main power source is lost. Table 3-6 on page 3-20 of this text identifies the controls, connectors, and the indicator on the AM-7176A as shown in figure 3-4 below.

Fig 3-4.

AM-7176 Power amplifier controls.

3-19

Table 3-6.

AM-7176A Controls and Indicator

+))))))))))))0)))))0)))))))))))))))))))0)))))))))))))))))))))))), * ITEM * REF * ACTION * RESULTS * G444444444444P44444P4444444444444444444P444444444444444444444444I * BYPASS/PA * 1 * Placing in BYPASS * PA is not in use; power* * * * position * level determined by * * * * * * RT-1319B. Power is * * * * * 2 watts or 10 watts. * * * * * * PA is in use, power * * * * Placing in PA * level is 30 watts. * * * * position /))))))))))))3)))))3)))))))))))))))))))3))))))))))))))))))))))))1 * * FAULT lamp * 2 * If lit in BYPASS * Normal indication * * * * * * System fault * * * * If lit in PA /))))))))))))3)))))3)))))))))))))))))))3))))))))))))))))))))))))1 * 3 * Rotating * Turns speaker on, then * * SPKR/VOL * increases volume * * * * clockwise * * * * * * Decreases volume, then * * * * Rotating * * * counterclockwise * turns speaker off * /))))))))))))3)))))3)))))))))))))))))))3))))))))))))))))))))))))1 * 4 * Connecting RF * Interfaces * * RF IN * with RT-1319B * * * * input cable /))))))))))))3)))))3)))))))))))))))))))3))))))))))))))))))))))))1 * 5 * Placing in OFF * No power to system * * PWR/OFF * * * * * position * * * * * * System power applied * * * * Placing in PWR * * * * * position /))))))))))))3)))))3)))))))))))))))))))3))))))))))))))))))))))))1 * 6 * Connecting RF * Interfaces with the * * ANT * AS-3588 * * * * output cable /))))))))))))3)))))3)))))))))))))))))))3))))))))))))))))))))))))1 * 7 * Connecting standby* Powers RT-1319B if main* * J7 * * * power supply cable* power source is lost. * .))))))))))))2)))))2)))))))))))))))))))2))))))))))))))))))))))))-

Lesson Summary. In this lesson you learned the characteristics and components of the AN/PRC-113(V)3 and the AN/VRC-83(V)2, the controls, connectors, and display of the RT-1319B, and the controls, connectors, and indicator on the AM-7176A. Before you move on to the next lesson, make sure you feel comfortable with everything covered so far. Next we will go in depth on the RT-319B and its ECCM capability.

3-20

Lesson 2.

RT-1319B ELECTRONIC COUNTER-COUNTERMEASURE (ECCM) OPERATION

Introduction. As you already know, the RT-1319B is a frequency hopping radio. Obviously this means it will hop from one frequency to another. When it actually changes frequency, what the next frequency will be, and how long it will stay there are things only the radio's computer knows. Quite frankly, those things are irrelevant. You need to concern yourself only with how to make the radio work. This lesson deals with ECCM theory, terminology, and, along with the programming guide that accompanies this course, will provide instruction on programming the RT-1319B for ECCM operation. LEARNING OBJECTIVES 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. Describe the Have Quick radio systems. State the three requirements for ECCM operation. List the four ECCM operating codes and their functions. Describe the procedures for loading single word of day. Describe the procedures for loading multiple word of day. State the two methods used to enter TOD in the RT-1319B. Describe the procedures for sending DOY via RF link. Describe the training and frequency management training nets. Describe the procedures for loading frequency management training frequencies. Describe the procedures for entering the active mode. Identify the ECCM error codes. Describe the procedures for performing a software revision check. Describe the conferencing function of the RT-1319B. Describe the purpose of the stand-by power supply in the AM-7176A.

3-21

3201. a.

Description of the Have Quick Radio Systems

History. (1) Have quick 1. The first version of the have quick family of radios used the RT-1319B have quick 1 (HQ1). This radio could be used as a single channel VHF/UHF receiver-transmitter and was ECCM capable. It did not require special codes to access ECCM nor did it have frequency management training (FMT) or multiple word of day (MWOD) capability. The radio sets that used the RT-1319B HQ1 were the AN/PRC-113(V)2 and the AN/VRC-83(V). Have quick 2. The second have quick radio is called the RT-1319B HQ2. In addition to those basic ECCM capabilities of the HQ1, this radio allows you to pre-program up to six days of ECCM operation and has an expanded training net. There are four special codes that must be programmed to access this radio's capabilities. The radio sets that use the RT-1319B HQ2 are the AN/PRC-113(V)3 and the AN/VRC-83(V)2.

(2)

Note: The Marine Corps uses only the HQ2 system. All maintenance facilities have been directed to modify HQ1 RT-1319B's for HQ2 operation. b. Visual differences. Because of the differences in the capabilities, it is important for you to know if you are using an HQ1 or HQ2. So how can you tell them apart? First we will discuss the visual differences, then, later in this lesson, you will be taught how to perform a software revision check which will show you for certain which radio you have. The visual differences are quick and easy to note, but are not a fool-proof method of telling the two radios apart. (1) Part number. The part number, which can be found on a steel data plate on the top of the RT-1319B front panel, is 914858-80 for an 3 HQ1 and 914858-804 for an HQ2. Now, is it important to memorize the part number? Of course not, but notice the difference between the two. The HQ1 ends with a "3" while the HQ2 ends with a "4." A factory-built HQ2 radio will simply have the part number ending with the "4" on the data plate. An HQ1 modified to HQ2 will have a "4" stamped over the original "3" on the data plate. Modification tag. Those HQ1 radios that have been modified to HQ2 should have a bright yellow tag beside the data plate that reads "HQ2 modified." These adhesive tags are prone to falling off, so don't be alarmed if you run across a modified RT-1319B without a yellow tag.

(2)

Note: Unless otherwise stated, the information in this study unit will cover the RT-1319B HQ2.

3-22

Okay, let's find out what you learned about the have quick system. shot at the following questions and see how you do. 1. 2. 3.

Take a

An HQ ____ RT-1319B has the capability to load FMT frequencies. An HQ ____ RT-1319B has a part number that ends in "4." You notice an RT-1319B that has a "4" stamped on the data plate and has a yellow tag on it. What do you know about this radio? ______________________________________________________

ANSWERS: 1. 2. 3. 2 2 It is an HQ1 radio that was modified for HQ2 operation.

Did you think the questions were easy? Good! Now we are going to start getting into ECCM operation. Sit back, convince yourself that you can learn this, and read on. 3202. Three Requirements for ECCM Operation

The RT-1319B has three requirements you must meet before you can enter the frequency hopping (ECCM) mode. Word of day (WOD) is a code you must manually enter into the radio. Time of day (TOD) is a clock pulse the radio will use to update its clock. You will use the active net number (ANN) as a way to control some of the ECCM features. It also allows the RT-1319B to operate on different nets using a common WOD and TOD. Let's go over each one individually. To review, remember that the three requirements for ECCM operation are:
+))))))))))))))))))), 1. WOD * * 2. TOD * * 3. ANN * * .)))))))))))))))))))-

a. Word of day. This is the nothing more that a code that the radio uses to determine the hopping pattern and rate. You will enter the WOD manually into the RT-1319B keyboard. In later discussions you will learn how to program WOD, but for now we'll stick to theory.

3-23

A WOD entry, or code, could look like this: 245950290325288975267900225850312875 Looks like a jumble of numbers, doesn't it. This code looks different to the radio's computer from the way it does to you and me. Those 36 numbers tell the radio how to frequency hop, meaning that they set the hopping pattern and the hopping rate.
+)))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))), * * * WOD sets the hopping pattern and hopping rate. * * * .))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))-

Now, let's look at those same 36 numbers in a slightly different way: 245950 290325 288975 267900 225850 312875 Look at them closely. like this: 245.950 Do you notice anything peculiar about them? 290.325 288.975 267.900 225.850 312.875 How about

Do you see it yet? That jumble of numbers has been made to look like six UHF frequencies! They really aren't frequencies, but as a way to interface with the RT-1319B computer, they appear to be. This will be important when it comes time to program the RT-1319B. A WOD entry is a six to thirty-six bit code, broken down into six bit segments. Or, by using the above example, we can say that a WOD entry is a code that can be from six to thirty-six numbers long, and is broken down into six-number portions that look like UHF frequencies. So, a WOD entry can be six bits long (like one frequency or segment), twelve bits long (like two frequencies or segments), eighteen bits, twenty four bits, thirty bits, or thirty-six bits long. Two rules apply. First, each WOD segment MUST look like a valid UHF frequency. If you don't remember the UHF frequency range, please refer back to table 3-1 on page 3-6. Second, the WOD entry must be at least one segment long (six numbers). The WOD entry is placed in part of the radio's non-volatile memory. This is to say that when you turn the radio off, the WOD information will not be lost; it will be retained until replaced or erased. b. Time of day. TOD is an electronic pulse that synchronizes the radio's internal clock. Is synchronization important? Absolutely! What good would it do if two radios were hopping on the same frequencies but at different times? This clock is not like your wristwatch or any conventional clock.

3-24

Once it is started or reset, the only thing it does is maintain accurate timing. Later in this lesson you will learn how to get TOD in the RT-1319B. So, to sum up,
+)))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))), * TOD synchronizes the radio's internal clock. * .))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))-

c. Active net number (ANN). Imagine you are operating the RT-1319B in single channel. The front panel display would show your frequency of operation, right? When you enter the ECCM mode (called going "active"), the frequency shown on the LCD will be changed slightly. The first digit of that frequency will become a solid "A" which tells you that the RT-1319B ECCM mode is active. Instead of a frequency, you now have the Active Net Number. For instance if you were operating with "300.025" and went active, your display would change to "A00.025." The Active Net Number is "A00.025." As you can tell, the frequency of operation just before going active determines the ANN. The ANN provides the exact hopset of frequencies (that is, which frequencies are used). For two or more radios to communicate in ECCM, they must have exactly the same WOD, common TOD, and identical ANN's. That only makes sense, right? If one of the three parameters are different, you won't be able to communicate. You can use this to your advantage. To sum up again,
+))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))), * The ANN provides the hopset of frequencies. * .)))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))-

Imagine you have four radios on a net. All are in ECCM operation and communicating. This means they must all have the same WOD, the same TOD, and identical ANNs. If you change the ANN on two of the radios, they would no longer be on the original net. And if those two had matching ANNs, you would have two nets with two subscribers on each. Keep in mind that all four radios have the same WOD and identical TOD! This shows you that the ANN can be used to construct multiple nets using common WOD and TOD. By just changing the ANN, you can jump between multiple nets--as long as they all have the same WOD and TOD! How are you doing so far? It is very important that you understand these basic concepts of ECCM operation. If you are not comfortable with them, please go back and read the material again before you continue on. Take this short quiz to check your progress. 1. List the three ECCM requirements. _____________________________________________________

3-25

2.

What are the minimum and maximum number of WOD segments you can program into the RT-1319B? _____________________________________________________

3.

What synchronizes the RT-1319B's internal clock? _____________________________________________________

4.

What can you use to construct multiple nets using common WOD and TOD? _____________________________________________________

ANSWERS: 1. 2. 3. 4. WOD, TOD, ANN 1 and 6 TOD The ANN

Now let's talk about the codes you will use during ECCM programming. 3203. ECCM Operating Codes and Their Functions

You'll remember that one of the differences between an RT-1319B HQ1 and HQ2 is that the HQ2 required special codes to access ECCM operation. This discussion is going to show you how they are used, where they go, and what they do. One point needs to be made here: memorize these codes! They are the first step to actual ECCM programming and must be committed to memory. Back in lesson one you learned that there are five operational features and five operational modes. Quickly look back at pages 3-16 and 3-17 if you need a refresher. We are going to be discussing four of the five operational modes: Normal operation/ single word of day (SWOD) load mode, multiple word of day (MWOD) load mode, WOD erase mode, and frequency management training (FMT) load mode. Before you can program the RT-1319B, you must enter an access code to tell it what you are going to do. Think of this as a preparatory command in close order drill. Before you say "march," you must first tell them how, such as "to the rear" or "column right." If you are going to load something into the RT-1319B, you must first tell it what you are doing and where you want the information! Enter ECCM access codes into preset number 20. Preset twenty?!! Up to now, you've been taught that there are eight presets, all used for frequency storage. Well, there are quite a few more and you will use them to enter access codes, WOD segments, and FMT frequencies. Preset number 20 is a special storage register that is used for, among other things, ECCM access codes.

3-26

a. Normal operation/SWOD load mode. You enter the code of "220.000" into preset 20 to access this mode, the basic mode for the RT-1319B. By programming "220.000" in preset 20, you are telling the radio that you wish to operate in single channel or ECCM, you desire access to your eight preset frequencies, and you want the ability to load WOD. Do not forget that this is the basic mode for the RT-1319B. b. MWOD load mode. You enter the code of "220.025" into preset 20 to access this mode. This tells the RT-1319B you wish to load WOD entries for two or more day's worth of ECCM operation. You are also telling it that you do not desire access to your eight preset frequencies. c. WOD erase. You enter "220.050" into preset 20 to erase every WOD entry the RT-1319B has stored in memory. By placing "220.050" into preset 20, you are commanding the RT-1319B to erase all WOD entries. It works; use it with caution! d. FMT load mode. You enter "220.075" into preset 20 to access this mode. You are telling the RT-1319B you wish to load FMT frequencies into memory. These frequencies are what the RT-1319B will use to hop on when you use the FMT net. You will not have access to the eight preset frequencies from this mode. Again, let's look at the four access codes and when you will use them: Table 3-7. ECCM Access Codes

+)))))))))))))))))))))))))))0)))))))))))))))))))))))))))), ECCM access code * Mode * * G444444444444444444444444444P4444444444444444444444444444I 220.000 * Normal operation/SWOD load * * 220.025 * MWOD load * * 220.050 * WOD Erase mode * * 220.075 * FMT load mode * * .)))))))))))))))))))))))))))2))))))))))))))))))))))))))))-

How are you doing?

Let's quickly review what you have studied in this lesson.

You know that there are two versions of the RT-1319B but the Marine Corps only uses one, the HQ2. You know to tell the two types apart by just looking at them. You learned that there are three things that the RT-1319B needs to operate in ECCM: WOD, TOD, and the ANN. You learned what these mean. And finally you learned the four special codes you will use to access the different features of the RT-1319B. Once you feel comfortable with all of this information, by all means, carry on!

3-27

3204.

Procedures for Loading Single Word of Day

As you know, the RT-1319B requires the following three things to frequency hop: WOD, TOD, and the ANN. We are now going to cover how to put WOD into the radio. This does not mean we are going to start frequency hopping; that will come later. Do you remember how to access the SWOD load mode? That's right, put "220.000" into preset 20. This will tell the radio you want to use it for normal operation, have access to the eight presets for frequency storage, and, as we are about to do, enter SWOD. Turn to page 14 of your programming guide. Table 12 gives you step-by-step instructions for entering operating codes. And, as luck would have it, the example even demonstrates SWOD load! Spend a moment or two looking it over and then come back here and we'll discuss it. As basic as it seems, all you do is put "220.000" into preset 20. This is identical to placing a frequency into a preset register. Notice that when you enter the first zero, it will flash on the display. Do you know why? The radio is telling you that it cannot operate at a frequency beginning with "220" (220 MHz). Remember that the UHF frequency range begins at 225.000 MHz! Since you are not entering a frequency but instead an access code, you can disregard this error message. Once you have told the RT-1319B that you want to load SWOD by putting 220.000 into preset 20, you are ready to start entering the WOD segments. a. Programming for WOD. Do you remember these numbers?

245950290325288975267900225850312875 And do you remember how they were broken down like this? 245.950 290.325 288.975 267.900 225.850 312.875

When you program WOD, all you are doing is placing these numbers into the radio's memory. Each WOD segment, which looks a UHF frequency, will go in a preset register. You have already learned that there are 20 preset registers in the RT-1319B. You will place the WOD entry in preset registers 20-15. You already used preset 20 once to enter the access code, right? Now you are going to use it again, but this time for the first WOD segment. Don't worry; the RT-1319B knows what you are doing and won't change any information. Load preset 20 first, then work your way backwards to preset 15. Knowing that a WOD can be from one to six segments long, this means we must use at least preset 20 (for a one-segment WOD entry), but not more than presets 20 to 15 (for a six-segment WOD entry). Let's try to put all this together. of six segments: 245.950 290.325 Again, this is your WOD entry consisting 267.900 225.850 312.875

288.975

3-28

The first WOD segment is "245.950." Where will this segment go? Correct! It goes in preset 20 because presets are loaded in reverse order. Let's match the presets with the segments.
+)))))))))0))))))))))0)))))))))))))))), * Number * Segment * Goes in preset * G444444444P4444444444P4444444444444444I * 1 * 245.950 * 20 * 2 * 290.325 * 19 * * 3 * 288.975 * 18 * * 4 * 267.900 * 17 * * 5 * 225.850 * 16 * * 6 * 312.875 * 15 * * .)))))))))2))))))))))2))))))))))))))))-

Does each segment have six numbers, and does each "fit" into the UHF frequency spectrum of 225.000 to 399.975 MHz? Yes, they all do. b. Loading WOD. Loading them, now that you know what they look like, is easy. All you have to do is enter the segment (just like a frequency), press the number of the preset register you want to put it in, press the enter key, then input the next segment in the same manner. In your programming guide, turn to table 13 on page 15. This table will show you step-by-step how to program a WOD entry. Go down each step and visualize what is happening. The example does not use the same WOD segments as we have used here but that doesn't matter. Notice the first step in programming is to enter the access code. This is a good habit to get into. Do you feel comfortable with SWOD load? Remember you are not frequency hopping yet. Up to this point, all you have done is programmed the RT-1319B with WOD. Answer the following questions to make sure you understand what we've just discussed. 1. If a WOD entry is only one segment long, can that segment be placed in preset 15? _____________________________________________________ 2. How many digits are in a segment? ______________________________________________________ 3. Where does the access code go? ______________________________________________________ 4. 5. When programming WOD, the first segment always goes in preset _____. Segments are loaded in __________ order. A WOD entry must have at least _______ segment(s) but not more than ________ segments.

3-29

ANSWERS: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. No. 6 In preset 20 When programming WOD, the first segment always goes in preset 20. Segments are loaded in reverse order. A WOD entry must have at least one segment but not more than six segments. The first preset loaded is always preset 20.

You have covered loading SWOD into the RT-1319B. You learned how to access the normal operation/SWOD load mode and how each WOD segment goes into the radio's memory. You now know how to actually load the WOD entry into the radio. Next we will cover loading multiple WOD, or MWOD. 3205. Procedures for Loading MWOD

In the last section you learned how to program the RT-1319B for SWOD. Imagine you have done that and the radio has been operational in ECCM for a full training day. When it comes time to change to a new WOD, you will have to reprogram the radio, right? This really isn't a problem, but what about every other RT-1319B on the net? Each one will have to be manually programmed for the new WOD, which would take far too long for an operational net. Earlier in this study unit you learned that the RT-1319B HQ2 could be programmed for up to six days' worth of ECCM operation. This feature, called multiple WOD (MWOD) load, allows you to program six different WOD entries before you need to use them. If you just program six WOD entries, could the RT-1319B tell them apart? Or, would the radio know which one you wanted to use? No it wouldn't, but that's not a problem. You will need to "tag" or "mark" each WOD differently so that you can select the one you want later. If you had six locks with similar keys, wouldn't you want to color-code or number the keys so as to tell them apart? Sure you would! That's all you do when you program MWOD. You'll remember that you use presets 20-15 when loading SWOD. The same goes for MWOD--the WOD is the same as it was before. Each entry must be at least one segment long but not more than six segments long, each segment must look like a UHF frequency, and the segments are loaded in presets 20-15 in reverse order. The only difference with loading MWOD is that you are going to tag each WOD entry with a date. This date will also look like a UHF frequency and you must load it into preset 14.

3-30

The date for preset 14 is pretty easy. The first digit will always be a "3." The second and third digits are the day of the month the WOD segment is intended for. The fourth, fifth, and sixth digits are always zeros. So, a WOD entry for use on the 18th of the month would have a date tag of "318.000." What day of the month would you use with a tag of "301.000"? Right, the first! It does not matter how many days are in the month. If you start on February 26th of a leap year, your six date tags would be 26, 27, 28, 01, 02, and 03. The radio was built to expect this. Any idea why the first digit must be a "3"? Think about it. The date tag must look like a UHF frequency. If you made the first digit a "2" and the tag were for the fifth of the month, the date tag would be "205.000." This is wrong because it is not a valid UHF frequency. As a quick review, can you visualize the process for loading the one WOD entry on pages 3-28 and 3-29 into the RT-1319B? (Segment (Segment (Segment (Segment (Segment (Segment #1) #2) #3) #4) #5) #6) 245.950 290.325 288.975 267.900 225.850 312.875 S S S S S S Preset Preset Preset Preset Preset Preset 20 19 18 17 16 15

That is the WOD entry we used earlier for SWOD load and it was for only one day. Six individual WOD entries appear on the next page.

3-31

+)))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))0))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))), WOD #1 * WOD #2 * * /)))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))3)))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))1 *Segment #1 225.000 S Preset 20*Segment #1 275.900 S Preset 20* *Segment #2 267.900 S Preset 19*Segment #2 247.950 S Preset 19* *Segment #3 329.025 S Preset 18*Segment #3 230.825 S Preset 18* * *Segment #4 227.275 S Preset 17* * *Segment #5 216.650 S Preset 16* * *Segment #6 399.975 S Preset 15* G4444444444444444444444444444444P4444444444444444444444444444444I WOD #3 * WOD #4 * * /)))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))3)))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))1 *Segment #1 231.625 S Preset 20*Segment #1 256.475 S Preset 20* *Segment #2 273.300 S Preset 19*Segment #2 287.075 S Preset 19* *Segment #3 245.550 S Preset 18*Segment #3 227.375 S Preset 18* *Segment #4 255.925 S Preset 17*Segment #4 398.675 S Preset 17* * *Segment #5 295.250 S Preset 16* * *Segment #6 341.375 S Preset 15* G4444444444444444444444444444444P4444444444444444444444444444444I WOD #5 * WOD #6 * * /)))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))3)))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))1 *Segment #1 306.075 S Preset 20*Segment #1 299.975 S Preset 20* * *Segment #2 246.650 S Preset 19* * *Segment #3 399.975 S Preset 18* .)))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))2)))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))-

a. Tagging WOD segments with date information. Look at each WOD entry. Do they meet the requirements? Are any less than one segment long? Are any more than six segments long? Is there a segment that does not look like a UHF frequency? If all your answers are no, we have six WOD entries that are ready for date tags. Remember where the date tag goes? Right, preset 14. And it must start with a "3" and end with "000." Say you are going to use these WOD entries starting on the 18th of the month. Quite simply, the first WOD entry will be dated with 18, the second with 19, the third with 20, and so on. The WOD entries with date tags would look like this:

3-32

+)))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))0))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))), WOD #1 * WOD #2 * * /)))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))3)))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))1 *Segment #1 225.000 S Preset 20*Segment #1 275.900 S Preset 20* *Segment #2 267.900 S Preset 19*Segment #2 247.950 S Preset 19* *Segment #3 329.025 S Preset 18*Segment #3 230.825 S Preset 18* *Date 318.000 S Preset 14*Segment #4 227.275 S Preset 17* * *Segment #5 216.650 S Preset 16* * *Segment #6 399.975 S Preset 15* 319.000 S Preset 14* * *Date G4444444444444444444444444444444P4444444444444444444444444444444I WOD #3 * WOD #4 * * /)))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))3)))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))1 *Segment #1 231.625 S Preset 20*Segment #1 256.475 S Preset 20* *Segment #2 273.300 S Preset 19*Segment #2 287.075 S Preset 19* *Segment #3 245.550 S Preset 18*Segment #3 227.375 S Preset 18* *Segment #4 255.925 S Preset 17*Segment #4 398.675 S Preset 17* 321.000 S Preset 14* *Segment #5 295.250 S Preset 16*Date *Segment #6 341.375 S Preset 15* * 320.000 S Preset 14* * *Date G4444444444444444444444444444444P4444444444444444444444444444444I WOD #5 * WOD #6 * * /)))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))3)))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))1 *Segment #1 306.075 S Preset 20*Segment #1 299.975 S Preset 20* 322.000 S Preset 14*Segment #2 246.650 S Preset 19* *Date * *Segment #3 399.975 S Preset 18* 323.000 S Preset 14* * *Date .)))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))2)))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))-

Did you notice that the date always goes in preset 14 regardless of how many segments are used in the WOD entry? Placing information in preset 14 tells the RT-1319B that you are finished with that WOD entry and are ready to move on. b. Programming MWOD. Now let's talk about programming MWOD. What is the first thing you will have to do? That's right, access the MWOD load mode by entering the code of "220.025" into preset 20. Loading MWOD is similar to loading SWOD. Turn to page 17 in your programming guide. You will find six WOD entries to load into the RT-1319B. Once you verify that they meet the qualifications of valid WOD entries, turn the page to table 15. Up to this point, you have seen the RT-1319B display "LP- " when you press the "0/PST" key. By indicating "LP- ," the radio is telling you that it is currently in the normal operation/SWOD load mode. Now you are going to change to the MWOD load modes. When you effect the mode change by placing "220.025" in preset 20 and pressing "ENT," the display will show "LC- " every time you press the "0/PST" key. The "LC- " indicates that the radio is in the MWOD load mode. The RT-1319B will not say "LC- " until after you access the MWOD load mode. Refer to your programming guide, table 15, and again visualize what is happening. You will come to realize that loading MWOD is not much different from SWOD!

3-33

c. Using MWOD entries. So now you have loaded six different WOD entries into the RT-1319B and placed a date stamp on each one. Is that enough? Well, it is until you want to use one of those WOD entries. You still must select the one you want! When you are ready to use one of the WOD entries you previously loaded in MWOD, you have to go back to the MWOD load mode. Do this by placing "220.025" into preset 20. Once you are in the MWOD load mode, place the date stamp of the desired WOD entry into preset #1. Turn to page 20 of your programming guide. The example there shows the selection of a WOD previously tagged with the date of "325.000." When you place date information in preset 1, the radio's computer will scan the contents of preset 14 and look for a match. Assuming it finds one, the WOD entry that you tagged with the correct date will be extracted and be put in use. Now turn back to page 33 of this study unit. Notice that we tagged the first WOD segment with the date of "318.000." To use it, all you have to do is enter "318.000" into preset 1. The computer will see that you have a WOD entry with "318.000" as its date, and will put it in use. d. Verifying dates. What if you can't remember what the dates are? Or what if you just don't know? You can check by entering the first three digits of the date in question, then press the enter key. If the date information is valid (a WOD entry has that date tag), the display will show "PASS." If the date is not valid, you will get a resounding "FAIL" on the display. This procedure is called date verification. e. Automatic date cross-over. So now you've loaded six days' worth of WOD, you've tagged each entry with a date stamp, and you have entered into preset 1 the date stamp of the WOD you want to use. Twenty four hours pass by. Do you have to enter into preset 1 the second WOD date stamp? Nope. The RT-1319B will automatically "cross-over" to the new WOD approximately 24 hours after the first date stamp is placed in preset 1. And if the cross-over takes you to a new month, that's fine too. It can cross over to "01" from "28," "29," "30," or "31." Remember that there is no clock inside the radio; it doesn't know (or care) when it is 0001 Zulu time. Are you ready for a quiz? 1. Let's see what you learned about MWOD.

How many days of WOD can be loaded during MWOD load? ______________________________________________________

2.

If the last WOD entry goes in preset 18, where do you place the date information? ______________________________________________________

3-34

3.

Which mode are you in if the RT-1319B display shows "LP-" after you press the "ENT" key? ______________________________________________________

4.

How do you access the MWOD load mode? ______________________________________________________

5.

If the first day of the operation is scheduled to be the 6th of the month, what date information would you mark the first WOD entry with? ______________________________________________________

ANSWERS: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Six. Preset 14. The date information ALWAYS goes in preset 14. The MWOD load mode would give a

Single channel/SWOD load mode. display of "LC-."

Place "220.025" in preset 20 and press the "ENT" key. The date information would be "306.000."

Now you have learned all there is to know about programming the RT-1319B for six days' worth of ECCM operation. Loading MWOD is nothing more than loading SWOD six different times and adding a date tag to the end of each WOD entry. Now we are going to talk about another requirement for ECCM operation, time of day (TOD). 3206. Entering TOD in the RT-1319B

Do you recall what TOD is? It is an electronic pulse that updates the RT-1319B's internal clock. When transferred from one radio to another, it is carried on a signal about of a second in duration. To get TOD in your RT-1319B you can manually generate it or receive it from a distant RT-1319B. Of course, you can also send TOD to other radios that will need it. You will first learn how to generate, receive, and transmit TOD, then you'll learn how it synchronizes all the radios on the net. a. Forced clock start. If you have to generate TOD in your own RT-1319B, you will perform a forced clock start. You may also hear this called an emergency clock start; the two terms mean the same thing. Doing this will re-set and start your radio's internal clock. In your programming guide, turn to page 22 and look at table 18. A forced clock start is accomplished by pressing two keys, the "3" and the "ENT." When you do this, your RT-1319B has TOD but no one else's does.

3-35

b. Receiving TOD via RF link. If you wanted to come up on an existing ECCM net, would it do you any good to perform a forced clock start? No, because that net is already synchronized with another TOD. You need their TOD to operate on their net! One member of the net, probably the net controller, will have to send you TOD. This will be accomplished over the air, via RF link, as a normal radio transmission. As you already learned, TOD is transferred electronically on a signal that is about of a second long. This pulse is transmitted using the Direction Finding (DF) feature of the RT-1319B. By pressing the "9/DF" key on the keyboard, the radio will go into constant transmit and will emit a 1 kHz tone. If the RT-1319B has TOD when DF is enabled, as the net controller's does in this example, TOD will be sent on that 1 kHz tone. (1) Prepare to receive TOD. You must "prepare" your radio to receive the TOD signal. When the sending station lets you know they are ready to send TOD, you have to press the "8/TOD" key on your keyboard. This tells your RT-1319B that the next transmission it receives will contain a TOD signal that it is going to use. When you press "8/TOD," your display will change from the operating frequency to "3. " or "2. ." This is telling you that the radio is waiting for TOD. If your operating frequency started with a "3," the display will show "3. ," and if it started with a "2," you will see "2. ." Now all you have to do is sit and wait for TOD to be sent. (2) Verify receipt of TOD. There are two ways to tell that TOD is being received. First, you can hear it. Remember that TOD is transmitted using a 1 kHz tone? You will hear a two-tone signal, the first tone higher than the second. That first tone is the actual TOD pulse. The other way you can tell you've got TOD is by a display change. If the display showed "3. " when you pressed the "8/TOD" key, it will show "3.tod" when TOD is received. Similarly, if it showed "2. ," then with TOD it would show "2.tod." To sum this up,
+))))))))))))))))))))0))))))))))))))))))0))))))))))))))), * When TOD is * * If your operating * When you press * frequency started * the "8/TOD" key, * received you * * you will see * will see * * with a G44444444444444444444P444444444444444444P444444444444444I 2 * "2. " * "2t.tod" * * * * * * 3 * "3. " * "3t.tod" * * .))))))))))))))))))))2))))))))))))))))))2)))))))))))))))-

(3)

Update your RT-1319B clock. Your RT-1319B now has TOD stored in memory, but your clock hasn't been updated yet. To do this you must press the "ENT" key.

3-36

The display will return to your operating frequency and the radio now will have TOD. These procedures are outlined on page 24 of your programming guide. Don't be alarmed that Day of Year (DOY) is included with TOD there; we'll get to that later. c. Sending TOD via RF link. Now let's assume your RT-1319B has TOD and you need to send it to a radio that does not. When the distant station informs you that they need TOD, direct them to "stand-by for TOD." Give them enough time to press their "8/TOD" key. When you think they are ready, press the "9/DF" key on your RT-1319B. By turning on DF, you will transmit a 1 kHz tone and TOD will be on that tone (both tones can be heard in your handset as sidetone). After 2-3 seconds, press "9/DF" again to shut DF off. Confirm with the distant station that TOD was received and processed. These procedures are outlined on page 22 of your programming guide. d. Transfer TOD via hard wire transfer (HWT). You can transfer TOD to and from an external timing device. To do so, you will need the special HWT cable included in your radio set to accomplish the transfer. Since the Marine Corps has not yet purchased an external timing device, specific procedures are unavailable. Despite this, the following guidelines will give you enough information to understand the procedures involved. (1) Receive. Receiving TOD via HWT is identical to receiving it via RF link except that you will not hear the tones. You will need to press "8/TOD," then "ENT" after TOD is received. Transmit. Transmitting TOD via HWT is similar to transmitting it via RF link. Instead of pressing "9/DF," you would now press the "CLR/HWT" key. You would see the "DF" enunciator on the display light up briefly, and the transfer would be complete.

(2)

e. Re-synchronizing subscriber's clocks. Now, let's go into a little more depth on what TOD actually is and does. The clock inside the RT-1319B is more like a timer than a clock. When you perform a forced clock start, you start the timer. It will continue to tick on and on until you stop it. Remember we said earlier that there is no clock inside the radio; it doesn't know (or care) when it is 0001 Zulu time. To illustrate this, let's build a make-believe net with ten subscribers. You just performed a forced clock start, so you have TOD but the other nine subscribers do not. Let's say your "timer" has reached the 17-second mark when you transfer TOD via RF link. The timers in those other nine radios will be set to precisely 17 seconds and will continue to tick. All ten radios will be in synchronization.

3-37

These clocks are pretty accurate, but after a while they will drift. Your net's TOD will need to be updated after about four hours of operation. Having a TOD that has drifted slightly will cause your quality of communications to suffer and you may experience excessive static and fading. When it comes time to update the clocks, do you perform a forced clock start again? No! You are not concerned with re-starting the clocks, but rather resynchronizing them. Say our net of ten radios has been running for about four hours now. Your timer is at precisely 14,529.34 seconds and you send TOD via RF link again. The other radios will all be set at exactly 14,529.34 seconds just like yours. You see, it doesn't matter if they are at 14,529.34 seconds or at 6,893.91 seconds or at zero seconds. It only matters that they are synchronized. TOD is stored in volatile memory. What does that mean? It means that if you turn the radio off or accidentally remove the power source, TOD is gone. You will have to get TOD from one of the net members or perform a forced clock start. So, are you ready for a few questions on TOD? 1. Let's see how you do!

A forced clock start is performed by pressing ______________________________________________________

2.

When would you press the "8/TOD" key? ______________________________________________________

3.

What key would you use to send TOD via RF link? ______________________________________________________

ANSWERS: 1. 2. 3. 3207. The "3" key, then "enter." When informed that TOD is about to be sent. The "9/DF" key. Sending Day of Year via RF Link

Day of Year (DOY) is a combination of TOD and that date stamp you put in preset 14 while loading MWOD. Remember how you selected a WOD entry from those loaded into MWOD? You put the appropriate date information into preset 1 and the computer selected the correct WOD entry, right? Now we are going to send that date information in preset 1 to all the subscribers on the net.

3-38

This way, they won't have to worry about date information in preset 1 (and possibly putting in the incorrect date). The date information is going to be called Day of Year and it will be sent out with TOD. The most important thing you need to remember about DOY is that you must perform a forced clock start after you have loaded preset 1 with the date information. If you fail to perform a forced clock start or do this in the incorrect sequence, you won't get DOY past your antenna! Turn to page 23 of your programming guide and look at the table there. To send DOY, first program MWOD into your radio. Then select the WOD entry you want to use by entering the date into preset 1. The computer will scan the contents in preset 14 looking for a match. When it finds one, that WOD entry will be extracted and put into use. Then you perform a forced clock start. Next you send TOD to the rest of the net. The date information in your preset 1 will be placed with the TOD signal. When the other radios receive the TOD/DOY signal, their operators will press the enter key. The computers in those radios will scan their preset 14 and look for a match with the DOY information. When the computers find a match, they will extract the appropriate WOD entry and put it to use. Now all the radios will have the same WOD in use and identical TOD. 3208. Training and Frequency Management Training Nets

Earlier in this lesson you learned that during ECCM operation, frequency hopping occurs in a random manner. Well, it does unless you don't want it to. By using either the T-Net or the FMT net, you can establish the set of frequencies the RT-1319B will hop on. With the T-Net, you can make the radio hop on two, three, four, or five different frequencies. By using the FMT net, you can hop on as few as five frequencies or as many as 16. The radio's computer will still decide the hopping pattern (the order they are hopped on) but now you can decide which frequencies the radio will use. a. Using the T-Net to specify hopping pattern. Programming the RT-1319B to operate on the T-Net is no different than normal programming for WOD. There are two rules: (1) (2) WOD. The WOD segment in preset 20 must be "300.0XX," with the "XX" being "00," "25," "50," or "75." ANN. The ANN must end with "00."

So all you have to do to use the T-Net is enter an appropriate WOD segment in preset 20 and have the ANN end in "00." For example, you load preset 20 with "300.050," load presets 19 through 15 with valid UHF frequencies, then go active from an operating frequency of "300.400." You are frequency hopping on the frequencies you loaded in presets 19 through 15.

3-39

. Loading FMT frequencies is b. Using the FMT net to specify hopping pattern similar to SWOD and MWOD entries. You must first access the FMT load mode by entering "220.075" into preset 20. Once you have done this, you can load anywhere from 5 to 16 frequencies into the RT-1319B. When the frequencies are loaded, you must return to the normal operating mode to enter ECCM. To enter the FMT net, you must have: (1) (2) WOD. The WOD segment in preset 20 must be "300.0XX," with the "XX" being "00," "25," "50," or "75." ANN. The ANN must end with "25."

If you entered anywhere from 5 to 16 frequencies while in the FMT load mode, re-entered the normal operating/SWOD load mode, entered (for example) "300.050" as your WOD segment in preset 20, and went active from an operating frequency of (for example) "301.225," you would be frequency hopping on the frequencies loaded during FMT load. 3209. Loading FMT Frequencies

Grab your programming guide again and turn to page 21. It will give you stepby-step instructions on how to load FMT frequencies. Look it over and visualize the programming sequence. With the knowledge you have of SWOD and MWOD programming, it should be quite logical. First you have to access the FMT load mode with the code of "220.075." Then you load the frequencies in order, starting with preset 20 and working your way down to, at a maximum, preset 5. Don't forget that when you are finished, you must return to the operational/ SWOD load mode to go active. 3210. Procedures for Entering the Active Mode

Up to this point you learned how to program WOD and how to generate and transfer TOD. Now you will learn how to actually go "active," or enter the ECCM mode of operation. Using the active net number (ANN) is closely related to going active so it will be covered in this discussion. Before you go active, you must do the following three things: ensure you have a valid WOD, ensure you have TOD, and ensure your frequency of operation will result in a valid active net number. These three are, after all, the requirements of ECCM operation, aren't they? Let's talk a minute about the ANN. The active net number will determine which hopset of frequencies the radio will use. The term "hopset" is the same as a net designation. The following charts display the five possible hopsets, along with the active net number required to select them.

3-40

Training Nets:
+)))))))))))))))))0)))))))))), Hopset * ANN * * G44444444444444444P4444444444I * T net * 300.X00 * /)))))))))))))))))3))))))))))1 * 30X.X25 * * FMT net .)))))))))))))))))2))))))))))-

Operational nets:
+)))))))))))))))))0)))))))))), Hopset * ANN * * G44444444444444444P4444444444I * XXX.X00 * * A&B net /)))))))))))))))))3))))))))))1 * XXX.X25 * * NATO net /)))))))))))))))))3))))))))))1 * XXX.X50 * * Non-NATO net .)))))))))))))))))2))))))))))-

Note: Any active net number ending with "50" or "75" when using a training net is illegal. An active net number ending with "75" when using an operational net is illegal. Unfortunately, selecting a valid ANN is not as easy as just using a valid UHF frequency. There are only a certain number of available ANNs for training nets and for operational nets. Let's look at the possibilities. a. T-net selection. There are five active net numbers you can use for T-net selection. They are: 300.000 300.100 300.200 300.300 300.400 b. FMT-net selection. There are 16 active net numbers you can use for the FMT-net selection. They are: 300.025 300.325 300.625 300.925 301.225 301.525 300.125 300.425 300.725 301.025 301.325 301.225 301.525 301.825 301.125 301.425

c. Operational net selection. Net numbers for use with an operational net will be assigned by the appropriate frequency manager.

3-41

So now you're ready. You've loaded WOD. You've generated and/or transferred TOD. And you have a valid operating frequency to be used as the ANN. So what's next? Just push the "5/ACT" key and you are frequency hopping. You'll notice that the first number of the operating frequency becomes a solid "A," indicating that you have gone active. 3211. ECCM Error Codes

The RT-1319B uses both audio (handset) and visual (display) means to inform you that there is an ECCM error. It will tell you if you are trying to go active without WOD or TOD, or if your ANN is illegal. You will also be informed if you try going active using a VHF frequency. a. Audio indicator. If you press the "5/ACT" key without having TOD or WOD entered in the RT-1319B, or if you have an illegal ANN, you will hear a 3.2 kHz tone in your handset. This shrill tone will continue until you press the "5/ACT" key a second time to cancel your attempt to go active. b. Visual indicators (1) Flashing "A." You will see a flashing "A" as the first digit on your display if you press the "5/ACT" key without having TOD or WOD, or if you have an illegal ANN. You must press the "5/ACT" key a second time to cancel your attempt to go active. Flashing "5." You will see a flashing "5" on the display if you press the "5/ACT" key while on a VHF frequency. You must press the "5/ACT" key a second time to cancel your attempt to go active.

(2)

3212.

Performing a Software Revision Check

Earlier in this study unit you learned there are two versions of the RT-1319B, the Have Quick 1 (HQ1) and the Have Quick 2 (HQ2). Although the radios in our inventory should be the HQ2 version, the possibility exists that a HQ1 could accidentally be placed in service. The difference between the HQ1 and the HQ2 lies in one of the internal modules of the radio, the data converter. This module holds all of the memory, control, and timing circuits for the RT-1319B. When it modifies the HQ1 for HQ2 operation, the maintenance facility changes the data converter. Should an old HQ1 data converter get returned to a RT-1319B, it could give an operator serious operational problems when in ECCM. You have already learned the visual differences between a HQ1 and a HQ2 RT-1319B and you know they are not foolproof. The only way you can prove which radio you have is by performing a software revision check.

3-42

This procedure will show you on the RT-1319B display the level of programmable read-only memory (PROM) within the data converter but you need to interpret what the display is telling you. To perform a software revision check, press the "1" key and then the enter key on the RT-1319B keyboard. Below are examples of what the display might be. a. RT-1319B have quick 1. When you do a software revision check, the display will show you six digits. The first two show the level of the first PROM, the second two show the level of the second PROM, and the last two show the level of the third PROM. "07 04 03" b. RT-1319B Have Quick 2. When you do a software revision check, the display will cycle to four sets of numbers. Each set will show you the PROM number and version. If the display shows "P1 03," this means that the first PROM (P1) is a level three (03). The complete cycle could look like this: P1 P2 P3 P4 3213. RT-1319B Conferencing Function 02 01 01 02

Pretend for a moment that you are operating a radio in the vicinity of an enemy position. As you listen to the Air Officer call for close air support, you realize that the grid coordinates he gave for the sortie is precisely where you are sitting. Wouldn't it be convenient if you could get on the radio and ask the Marine in the Harrier not to drop his bombs on you? With most radios you would have to wait until the sending station stopped transmitting before you could do this. And hope it's not be too late! With the RT-1319B, you could send this urgent traffic right away without waiting for that Air Officer to stop transmitting. This feature, called "conferencing," allows the RT-1319B to receive two signals simultaneously without either signal distorting or affecting the other one. During conferencing, the RT-1319B constantly monitors the air for the presence (or lack) of other transmitting radios. When another radio's transmission is received, the RT-1319B will be prepared to do a frequency shift of 25 kHz. If you start transmitting before the first radio stops, your RT-1319B will transmit 25 kHz below the normal frequency; any other radios on the net would be able to hear both of you equally well (taking distances and terrain into consideration, of course). The receiver in the RT-1319B has special filters that will allow two signals 25 kHz apart to be processed into audio.

3-43

Conferencing works only during ECCM operations. The "on/off switch" lies in programming WOD. What you put into preset 19 will determine if conferencing is enabled or disabled. a. Training nets. Conferencing is automatically enabled. The training selection in WOD preset 20 causes the contents of preset 19 to be ignored. b. Operational Nets. The last two digits of preset 19 make the conferencing determination. If the contents of preset 19 end with "00" or "50," conferencing will be enabled. If "25" or "75" are the last two digits of preset 19, conferencing will be disabled. If preset 19 is empty, as in a single-segment WOD, conferencing will automatically be enabled. c. Cipher operation. During cipher operation (when a KY-57 is in use), conferencing is disabled. 3214. AM-7176A Stand-by Power Supply

Recall some of the information you have already studied. Back on page 3-2, you found out that the AM-7176A has a "stand-by power supply" that powers the RT-1319B during a momentary power loss. Now that you have covered ECCM operation, we can go over the stand-by power supply in a little more depth. As you already know, TOD is stored in volatile memory; if you turn the RT-1319B off or lose power, TOD will be gone. When in the AN/VRC-83(V)2 configuration, this becomes important because the primary (intended) power source is the vehicle the radio set is in. Since you should always turn your communications equipment off before you start the HMMWV, we need a way to retain TOD while the AN/VRC-83(V)2 is off. The AN/VRC-83(V)2 has a cable that interfaces the AM-7176A with the RT-1319B remote connector. This cable, the stand-by power supply cable (fig 3-2), is part of the complete radio set. Inside the AM-7176A is a 6 VDC power supply that will provide power via the stand-by power supply cable to the RT-1319B TOD circuitry should the system be shut off. This power supply is actually a rechargeable battery and will supply power only for approximately six seconds. Lesson Summary. This lesson has covered quite a bit of information concerning the ECCM capability of the RT-1319B. You have learned about the radio's requirements for ECCM operation, how to load WOD for a single day or for multiple days, how to generate and transfer TOD, how to load FMT frequencies, and how to enter the ECCM mode. You covered everything on the RT-1319B and what it can do. Go back and do a little review on your own, then complete the following unit exercise to make sure you understand it all.

3-44

Unit Exercise:

Complete items 1 through 30 by performing the action required. Check your responses against those listed at the end of this study unit.

Note: Items 1 through 7 should be answered from memory. 1. Which choice best describes the AN/PRC-113(V)3 radio set? a. A lightweight FM radio set that operates in the VHF and UHF spectrums using line-of-sight propagation. It provides short-range ground-to-ground and ground-to-air communications. A lightweight AM radio set that operates in the VHF and UHF spectrums using line-of-sight propagation. It provides short-range ground-to-ground and ground-to-air communications. A lightweight SSB radio set that operates in the VHF and UHF spectrums using line-of-sight propagation. It provides short-range ground-to-ground and ground-to-air communications. A lightweight FM radio set that operates in the VHF and UHF spectrums using line-of-sight propagation. It provides long-range ground-to-ground and ground-to-air communications.

b.

c.

d.

2.

The AN/VRC-83(V)2 radio set is a vehicular-mounted a. b. c. FM radio set that operates in the VHF and UHF spectrums. AM radio set that operates in the UHF spectrum. SSB radio set that operates in the VHF and UHF spectrums.

3.

d. AM radio set that operates in the VHF and UHF spectrums. The component not included with the AN/PRC-113(V)3 or AN/VRC-83(V)2 radio set is the a. b. c. d. H-250 handset. RT-1319B receiver-transmitter. TSEC/KY-57 encryption device. TOD transfer cable assembly.

4.

The guard receiver in the RT-1319B is fix-tuned to _________ MHz. a. b. 125.000 243.000 c. d. 315.000 327.000

3-45

5.

The remote jack on the RT-1319B is used to a. b. c. d. interface with TSEC/KY-57. interface with the AN/GRA-39 remote unit. connect the TOD HWT or stand-by power supply cable. connect the RF input cable. Which of the

6.

You see DF, PT, SQL, and GD on the RT-1319B display. following statements is true? a.

The guard receiver is on, squelch for the main receiver has been enabled, the direction finding feature is enabled, and an encryption device is not in use. The guard receiver is on, squelch for the main receiver is off, direction finding has been enabled, and an encryption device is not in use. The guard receiver is on, squelch for the main receiver is on, the direction finding feature is enabled, and an encryption device is in use. The guard receiver is on, squelch for the main receiver is on, direction finding is off, and an encryption device is in use.

b.

c.

d. 7.

You should never mix BB-590/U and BA-5590/U batteries when operating the AN/PRC-113(V)3 because a. b. the BA-5590/U battery is designed to be used in series, which would make the input voltage too high. they have different output voltages and discharge rates which could cause one battery to discharge faster than the other and possibly explode. the manufacturer's contracts state that they cannot be used together. their combined output voltage would be too low to power the RT-1319B.

c. d.

Note: For items 8 through 30, you may refer to your programming guide for assistance. 8. Select the correct sequence for loading "315.875" into preset four. a. b. c. d. 0/PST, 3, 1, 5, 8, 7, 4, 3, 1, 5, 8, 7, 5, 0/PST, 3, 1, 5, 8, 7, 5, 0/PST, 3, 1, 5, 8, 7, 0/PST, 4, ENT 4, ENT ENT ENT

3-46

9.

Another term used to describe electronic counter-counter measures (ECCM) is a. b. c. d. normal operation/SWOD load. direction finding. going active. frequency management training.

10.

With the power amplifier AM-7176A in the "bypass" mode, what is the maximum transmit power output of the AN/VRC-83(V)2? a. b. 2 watts 10 watts c. d. 30 watts 35 watts

11.

Which of the following is true of the RT-1319B HQ2 but is not true of the RT-1319B HQ1? The HQ2 a. b. c. d. can load 16 WOD entries for use at a later time and can be interfaced with the TSEC/KY-57. can operate in ECCM. can be operated with the AN/VRC-83(V)2 configuration. allows you to pre-program up to six days' worth of ECCM operation and has an expanded training net.

12.

A six to thirty-six bit code, broken down into six bit segments that look like UHF frequencies, best describes what? a. b. WOD TOD c. d. RKV ANN

13.

The three requirements for ECCM operation are a. b. c. d. ANN, UHF frequency of operation, and WOD TOD, WOD, and ANN Crypto key, TOD, and WOD WOD, ANN, and RKV

14.

Which ECCM requirement is used to synchronize the RT-1319B internal clock? a. b. WOD TOD c. d. ANN Frequency of operation Which access

15.

You want to access the MWOD load mode in the RT-1319B. code must you enter in the radio? a. b. 220.000 220.025 c. d. 220.050 220.075

3-47

16.

Which one of the following statements about loading a six-segment WOD entry is true? a. b. c. d. Begin with preset 20 and work in reverse order to preset 15. Begin with preset 15 and work up to preset 20. The programming order is not important so long as you start with preset 20. You must enter the higher numbers first, beginning with preset 20.

17.

Select the date tag you would use for October 23rd of this year. a. b. 223.000 232.200 c. d. 323.000 323.200

18.

How many days worth of ECCM operation can be programmed into the RT-1319B using the MWOD load mode? a. b. 1 2 c. d. 6 16

19.

To select a WOD entry you loaded while in the MWOD load mode, you must be in the a. b. c. d. MWOD load mode and place the appropriate date information in preset #1. MWOD load mode and place the appropriate date information in preset #14. SWOD/normal operation mode and place the appropriate date information in preset #1. SWOD/normal operation mode and place the appropriate date information in preset #14.

20.

To verify that you have a WOD to use on the 17th of this month, you would press a. b. c. d. 3, 3, 1, 3, 1, 1, 7, 1, 7. 7, 0/PST. ENT. 7, ENT.

3-48

21.

You can get TOD in your RT-1319B by a. b. c. d. doing a forced clock start or by receiving TOD via RF link. doing a forced clock start or by sending TOD via RF link. pressing the 2 key, then enter or by receiving TOD via RF link. properly programming the WOD entry or by sending TOD via RF link.

22.

Generally speaking, TOD needs to be updated after approximately _____ hours of use. a. b. 2 4 c. d. 8 12

23.

Choose the correct statement about sending DOY via RF link. a. b. c. d. The DOY signal replaces the TOD signal when the DF mode is enabled. DOY is required only when using the SWOD entry. You must place date information in preset 1 before performing a forced clock start. DOY is used only when loading FMT frequencies. frequency(ies) or as many as c. d. five, sixteen one, six _____ while

24.

You can load as few as _____ in the FMT load mode. a. b. two, six one, sixteen

25.

Select the code that will allow you access to the FMT load mode. a. b. 220.000 220.025 c. d. 220.050 220.075

26.

By just looking at the RT-1319B display, how can you tell the radio is in the active mode? a. b. c. d. The "ACTIVE" enunciator is lit. The display backlighting is out. The first digit of the frequency has been replaced with a solid "A". The frequency is flashing.

3-49

27.

What would cause the RT-1319B display to show a flashing "5" when you attempt to go active? a. b. c. d. You You You You are on a VHF frequency. are trying to use an illegal ANN. have an invalid WOD. do not have TOD.

28.

You press the _____ key and then the _____ key to perform a software revision check. a. b. 3, ENT 2, ENT c. d. 1, ENT 8/TOD, ENT

29.

The RT-1319B has the ability to simultaneously receive two signals and process them both down to audio. This unique ability is called a. b. squelch. direction finding. c. d. conferencing. ECCM.

30.

The stand-by power supply in the AM-7176A is important because it a. b. c. d. protects the RT-1319B against over-voltage conditions. provides enough power to the RT-1319B to maintain normal communications during momentary power losses. provides power to the RT-1319B to retain TOD during momentary power losses. provides enough power to the AM-7176A to maintain 30 watts of output power during momentary power losses.

3-50

Study Unit 3 Exercise Solutions Reference 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. b. d. c. b. c. a. b. d. c. b. d. a. b. b. b. a. c. c. a. d. a. b. c. c. d. c. a. c. c. c. 3101 3102 3103 3104 3105 3106 3107 3107 3108 3109 3201 3202 3202 3202 3203 3204 3205 3205 3205 3205 3206 3206 3207 3208 3209 3210 3211 3212 3213 3214

3-51

HF/UHF FIELD RADIO EQUIPMENT REVIEW LESSON EXAMINATION INSTRUCTIONS: This review lesson is designed to aid you in preparing for your final examination. You should try to complete this lesson without the aid of reference materials, but if you do not know an answer, look it up and remember what it is. The enclosed answer sheet must be filled out according to the instructions on its reverse side and mailed to MCI using the envelope provided. The items you miss will be listed with references on a feedback sheet (MCI R-69) which will be mailed to your commanding officer with your final examination. You should study the reference material for the items you missed before taking the final examination. Select the ONE answer which BEST completes the statement or answers the item. After the corresponding number on the answer sheet, blacken the appropriate circle. Items 1 through 13 pertain to the AN/PRC-104. 1. Which of the following best describes the AN/PRC-104? lightweight, man-packable a. It is a

AM radio set that operates in the very high frequency (VHF) spectrum using ground wave and sky wave propagation. It provides short- and long-range communications and is capable of secure voice. FM radio set that operates in the high frequency (HF) spectrum using ground wave and sky wave propagation. It provides shortrange communications and is capable of secure voice. sideband radio set that operates in the high frequency (HF) spectrum using ground wave and sky wave propagation. It provides short- and long-range communications and is capable of secure voice. sideband radio set that operates in the very high frequency (VHF) spectrum using ground wave and sky wave propagation. It provides short- and long-range communications and is capable of secure voice.

b.

c.

d.

2.

The equipment reference used to inventory the components of the AN/PRC104 is the a. b. SL-3. MCO. c. d. SL-4. TM.

3.

Tuning of the AN/PRC-104 is automatic and takes place within ____ seconds. a. b. 3 10 c. d. 12 20

R-1

4.

What type of modulation is used with the AN/PRC-104? a. b. SSB AM c. d. FM TSB

5.

Pressing the light control on the RT-1209 illuminates the a. b. c. d. entire front panel. frequency display. front panel controls and indicators. frequency control buttons.

6.

The antenna select switch on the AM-6874 determines a. b. c. d. the route of the RF through the AM-6874, and if the antenna tuner will be used. if the antenna is grounded. if the AM-6874 is used. which antenna can be connected to the front panel.

7.

Assume you are operating the AN/PRC-104 with the whip antenna on a frequency of 20,875.9 kHz. Select the frequency that would NOT cause the AN/PRC-104 to re-tune if it was to be selected on the AN/PRC-104. a. b. 20,775,9 kHz 20,874.9 kHz c. d. 20,875.1 kHz 21,875.9 kHz

8.

The device that you connect to the RT-1209 audio connectors during normal voice communications is the a. b. H-250. AB-1241. c. d. crypto interface cable. AT-271A.

9.

Grounding your equipment a. b. c. d. protects you and others from unwanted voltages and RF. improves the quality of communications. extends the life of the batteries. Both a and b are correct.

10.

The amount of RF being emitted from the antenna versus the amount of RF being applied to the antenna is referred to as a. RF power output. b. Voltage Standing Wave Ratio (VSWR). c. reflected power. d. watts.

R-2

11.

The AN/PRC-104 considers itself tuned when it achieves a VSWR of better than a. b. 1.0:1. 1.2:1. c. d. 1.5:1. 2.1:1.

12.

You have been operating the AN/PRC-104 without incident for over an hour. You press the handset PTT switch to transmit a message and you hear a short "beep" followed by a long tone in the earpiece. The radio has just told you that a. b. c. the VSWR has exceeded the minimum acceptable level of 1.5:1 and it is re-tuning. during the last transmission, VSWR exceeded 1.5:1 and it has just checked VSWR again and found it to be better than 1.6:1. during the last transmission, VSWR exceeded 1.5:1 and it has just checked VSWR again. It found the VSWR to be worse than 1.6:1 and it is re-tuning. during its hourly check, it found VSWR to be unacceptable and is re-tuning.

d. 13.

The AN/PRC-104 low-battery indicator is a a. b. c. d. flashing decimal point. short "beep" in the handset. three second tone in the handset. "clicking" noise in the handset.

Items 14 through 45 pertain to the AN/GRC-193 and the AN/MRC-138A. 14. The AN/MRC-138A is best described as a vehicular mounted a. sideband radio set that operates in the very high frequency (VHF) spectrum using ground wave and sky wave propagation. It provides short-range communications and is capable of secure voice communications. amplitude modulated (AM) radio set that operates in the high frequency (HF) spectrum using ground wave and sky wave propagation. It provides short- and long-range communications and is capable of secure voice communications. sideband radio set that operates in the high frequency (HF) spectrum using ground wave and sky wave propagation. It provides short- and long-range communications and is capable of secure voice. frequency modulated (FM) radio set that operates in the high frequency (HF) spectrum using ground wave propagation. It provides short- and long-range communications and is capable of secure voice.

b.

c.

d.

R-3

15.

The AN/GRC-193 is best described as a rack mounted a. sideband radio set that operates in the very high frequency (VHF) spectrum using ground wave and sky wave propagation. It provides short-range communications. sideband radio set that operates in the high frequency (HF) spectrum using ground wave and sky wave propagation. It provides short- and long-range communications. amplitude modulation (AM) radio set that operates in the high frequency (HF) spectrum using ground wave and sky wave propagation. It provides short- and long-range communications. frequency modulation (FM) radio set that operates in the high frequency (HF) spectrum using ground wave propagation. It provides short- and long-range communications.

b.

c.

d.

16.

The receiver-transmitter used in the AN/MRC-138A and the AN/GRC-193 is the a. b. RT-1209. RT-841. c. d. RT-1319B. RT-524.

17.

The AN/MRC-138A's output power is selectable for either ______ or ______ watts. a. b. 20, 100 50, 100 c. d. 100, 200 100, 400

18.

The RT-1209 control that determines which sideband is used is the a. b. mode switch. sideband switch. c. d. on/off switch. frequency control.

19.

The data transmission rate for the AN/GRC-193 is _____ baud. a. b. 45 60 c. d. 75 110

20.

The only difference in using the RT-1209 in the AN/MRC-138A rather than in the AN/PRC-104 is that a. b. c. d. the sideband switch is not used. the RT-1209 connects to a control cable instead of to the AM-6874. only frequencies above 2 MHz can be used. the mode switch is not used.

R-4

21.

The AM-6879 speaker will be off when a. b. c. d. crypto equipment is being used or when the AM-6879 On/Off switch is in the OFF position. the AN/MRC-138A is in a receive condition or when the AM-6879 On/Off switch is in the OFF position. the AN/MRC-138A is transmitting or when the AM-6879 On/Off switch is in the OFF position. someone is using the CW key or when the AM-6879 On/Off switch is in the OFF position.

22.

The loop current select switch on the AM-6879 can be set to either _______ mA or _______ mA for TTY operation. a. b. 15, 50 20, 60 c. d. 40, 80 50, 75

23.

The AM-6545 XMIT LED will be illuminated during a. b. c. d. transmit only. transmit and warm-up only. tune and transmit only. warm-up and tune only.

24.

Which AM-6545 LED indicates a fault that would allow the AN/MRC-138A to operate under emergency conditions? a. b. FIL PA c. d. TUN CPLR

25.

The main function of the CU-2064 antenna flag switch is to a. b. c. d. indicate which antenna is in use. remind the operator that an antenna must be used. prevent the operator from using two antennas at the same time. select between 100 or 400 watts of RF power out.

26.

Which AN/MRC-138A major component is placed on the passenger's side rear fenderwell of the HMMWV? a. b. RT-1209 CU-2064 c. d. AM-6545 AM-6879

27.

The AN/MRC-138A major component that has only one RF and/or power and control cable connection is the a. b. RT-1209. AM-6545. c. d. CU-2064. AM-6879.

R-5

28.

The first step in the power-up sequence for the AN/MRC-138A is to a. b. c. d. turn the RT-1209 on. apply primary power by turning the circuit breaker on. set the RT-1209 mode switch to a transmit position. set the AM-6879 On/Off switch to the ON position.

29.

During the initial turn-on of both the AM-6545 and the CU-2064, you can hear their inside variable components moving. This process in the turnon phase is called a. b. transmitting. tuning. c. d. receiving. homing.

30.

Warm-up for the AN/MRC-138A takes ______ seconds to complete. a. b. 15 20 c. d. 30 60

31.

Immediately upon turning on the AN/MRC-138A, you notice that the TUN LED on the AM-6545 is illuminated and there is a constant beeping in the handset. What is this an indication of? a. b. c. d. The The The The radio set tried unsuccessfully to tune. radio set tried unsuccessfully to home. RT-1209 frequency is set below 2 MHz. radio set is in warm-up.

32.

During tuning, the 1 kHz tone is a. b. c. d. used for modulation by the RT-1209. used as a fault indicator. used to check the audio amplifier in the AM-6879. not used.

33.

The only LED(s) lit during the AN/MRC-138A tuning process is/are a. b. TUN. RDY, TUN, and XMIT. c. d. TUN and XMIT. XMIT, TUN, and FIL.

34.

What visual indication do you get when the AN/MRC-138A has successfully completed the tuning cycle? a. b. c. d. There are none; all indications are audible. The RDY led will come on. The TUN LED will flash for ten seconds. The TUN and XMIT LEDs will go out.

R-6

35.

During the AN/GRC-193 tuning cycle, you notice that the 1 kHz tune tone becomes louder in the handset. What is this an indication of? a. b. c. d. The CU-2064 The AM-6545 10 watts. The AM-6545 The CU-2064 has finished tuning. has found its tuning point and is putting out at least cannot find the correct tuning point. cannot find the correct tuning point.

36.

The 15-second timer in the CU-2064 is used to time a. b. c. d. coupler homing and tuning. coupler homing only. coupler tuning only. system tuning.

37.

The AN/MRC-138A will be successfully tuned when it reaches a VSWR of better than a. b. 1.0:1. 1.2:1. c. d. 1.5:1. 1.9:1.

38.

What will the AN/MRC-138A do if the VSWR goes to a level of 1.7:1 during a transmission? a. b. c. d. Fault Nothing; it will not fault until the VSWR goes to at least 2.0:1. Nothing; the CU-2064 is incapable of monitoring VSWR after initial tuning. It will re-adjust the variable components inside the CU-2064 until VSWR returns to better than 1.2:1.

39.

When interfacing a teletypewriter with the AN/MRC-138A, the teletypewriter is connected to the AM-6879 ________ connectors and the manual T/R switch is connected to the _______ AM-6879 connectors. a. b. DC loop, TTY key TTY key, DC loop c. d. DC loop, handset TTY key, meter

40.

One problem with high-level current in TTY operations is that a. b. c. d. 20 mA is difficult to use. the current is often insufficient to drive the teletypewriter. it is very easily monitored. it may be too much current for today's teletypewriters.

R-7

41.

What function does the AM-6879 provide when interfacing the AN/MRC-138A with a teletypewriter? a. b. c. d. It It It It encrypts converts encrypts converts the audio. the TTY marks and spaces to audio frequencies. the TTY marks and spaces. RF to TTY marks and spaces.

42.

Which fault has occurred if, after 20 seconds of tuning, only the PA fault LED illuminates? a. b. PA tune System tune c. d. CPLR tune Lmin

43.

Which fault has occurred, if after 20 seconds of tuning, the PA and CPLR fault LEDs illuminate? a. b. System tune time PA tune time c. d. Filament Lmin

Items 44 and 45 refer to the following figure.

44.

The RF portion of the power, control, and RF cable W1 is open. malfunction, if any, will occur? a. b. c.

What

None will occur as this part of the cable is not used. The radio set will warm up, tune, and operate normally. The system will never come out of warm-up. The radio set will warm up normally but will fault 20 seconds after the tuning cycle is initiated. Once faulted, only the PA fault LED will be lit. The radio set will warm up normally but will fault 20 seconds after the tuning cycle is initiated. Once faulted, the PA and CPLR fault LEDs will be lit.

d.

R-8

45.

The RF cable W5 on the AN/MRC-138A is open. a. b. c. d.

What will the symptoms be?

Warm-up normal, tuning normal, no power-out during transmit The system will not come out of warm-up and no fault LEDs will light. Warm-up normal, tuning results in a PA tune time fault, no receive The system will not come out of warm-up and the CPLR fault LED will light 15 seconds after initial turn-on.

Items 46 through 80 pertain to the AN/PRC-113(V)3 and the AN/VRC-83(V)2. 46. Which choice best describes the AN/PRC-113(V)3 radio set? a. A lightweight FM radio set that operates in the VHF and UHF spectrums using line-of-sight propagation. It provides short-range ground-to-ground and ground-to-air communications. A lightweight AM radio set that operates in the VHF and UHF spectrums using line-of-sight propagation. It provides short-range ground-to-ground and ground-to-air communications. A lightweight SSB radio set that operates in the VHF and UHF spectrums using line-of-sight propagation. It provides short-range ground-to-ground and ground-to-air communications. A lightweight FM radio set that operates in the VHF and UHF spectrums using line-of-sight propagation. It provides long-range ground-to-ground and ground-to-air communications.

b.

c.

d.

47.

The AN/VRC-83(V)2 radio set is a vehicular-mounted a. b. c. d. FM radio set that operates in the VHF and UHF spectrums. AM radio set that operates in the UHF spectrum. SSB radio set that operates in the VHF and UHF spectrums. AM radio set that operates in the VHF and UHF spectrums.

R-9

48.

The component not included with the AN/PRC-113(V)3 or AN/VRC-83(V)2 radio set is the a. b. c. d. H-250 handset. RT-1319B receiver-transmitter. TSEC/KY-57 encryption device. TOD transfer cable assembly.

49.

The guard receiver in the RT-1319B is fix-tuned to _________ MHz. a. b. 125.000 243.000 c. d. 315.000 327.000

50.

A characteristic of the AN/VRC-83(V)2 is that it a. b. c. d. has 25 kHz channel spacing. can receive TTY and voice signal simultaneously. can operate as either an AM or FM radio set. is compatible with the AN/PRC-104.

51.

Which of the following keys on the RT-1319B keyboard are used during a software revision check? a. b. 1 2 c. d. 7/SQL 9/DF

52.

You notice that the decimal point on the RT-1319B display is flashing. This tells you that a. b. c. d. the you the the radio is in a receive condition. are attempting to transmit on an unauthorized frequency. radio is operating under normal conditions. input power is low.

For items 53 through 80, you may refer to your programming guide . 53. How many keys on the keyboard must you press to change the frequency on the RT-1319B? a. b. 54. Four Five c. d. Six Seven

After initial power-up, you press the "6/GD" key on the RT-1319B keyboard. What will happen? a. b. c. d. Nothing. You must press the 1, 2, or 3 key first to change a frequency. You will get the number "6" on the display. You will change the status of the guard receiver to on or off. You will access the contents stored in preset register six.

R-10

55.

Another term used to describe electronic counter-counter measures (ECCM) is a. b. c. d. normal operation/SWOD load. direction finding. going active. frequency management training.

56.

With the power amplifier AM-7176A in the "bypass" mode, what is the maximum transmit power output of the AN/VRC-83(V)2? a. b. 2 watts 10 watts c. d. 30 watts 35 watts

57.

You notice that, while operating the AN/VRC-83(V)2 in the bypass mode, the fault lamp is lit. This indicates a. b. c. d. normal bypass operation. that the AN/VRC-83(V)2 has faulted and the radio set is putting out 2 watts of RF. that the AN/VRC-83(V)2 has faulted and the radio set is putting out 10 watts of RF. that the AN/VRC-83(V)2 has faulted and is no longer operating.

58.

The visual difference between the RT-1319B HQ1 and RT-1319B HQ2 is as follows: a. b. c. d. The HQ1 has a darker green paint. The HQ2 has a part number ending with a "4" instead of "3" and possibly a yellow tag. The HQ2 does not have a data plate. The HQ1 has a green-colored LCD.

59.

A six to thirty-six bit code, broken down into six bit segments that look like UHF frequencies, best describes a. b. WOD. TOD. c. d. RKV. ANN.

60.

Which requirement allows you to construct multiple nets using a common WOD and TOD? a. b. WOD TOD c. d. RKV ANN

61.

The three requirements for ECCM operation are a. b. c. d. ANN, UHF frequency of operation, and WOD. TOD, WOD, and ANN. Crypto key, TOD, and WOD. WOD, ANN, and RKV.

R-11

62.

When entering the access code of "220.075" for the FMT load mode, you notice that the first zero flashes on the display. What should you do? a. b. c. d. Erase the flashing zero and enter a number that will place the frequency within the radio's frequency range. Wait for the zero to stop flashing. Immediately inform your supervisor of the situation. Continue loading the access code. while loading access codes. The flashing zero is normal

63.

Select the frequency that could not be used as a WOD segment. a. b. 223.000 245.000 c. d. 299.000 315.000

64.

Select the display that shows you are operating in the MWOD load mode. a. b. LCLDc. d. LPLF-

65.

Select the keystrokes that would prove that the 15th has been loaded as a date tag for an MWOD entry. a. b. c. d. 2, 3, 1, 3, 1, 1, 5, 1, 5, 0, 0, 0, ENT 5, 5/ACT, ENT ENT 5, ENT

66.

How many days' worth of ECCM operation can be programmed into the RT-1319B using the MWOD load mode? a. b. 1 2 c. d. 6 16

67.

To verify that you have a WOD to use on the 17th of this month, you would press a. b. 3, 1, 7. 3, 1, 7, 0/PST. c. d. 1, 7, ENT. 3, 1, 7, ENT.

68.

To prepare the RT-1319B to receive TOD you press the _______ key. a. b. 5/ACT 8/TOD c. d. 9/DF ENT

R-12

69.

Select the correct statement about receiving TOD and updating the RT-1319B internal clock. a. b. c. d. After TOD is received, the clock is automatically updated. After TOD is received, the clock is updated when the ECCM mode is entered. After TOD is received, the clock is updated by pressing the "8/TOD" key. After TOD is received, the clock is updated by pressing the "ENT" key.

70.

Generally speaking, TOD needs to be updated after approximately _____ hours of use. a. b. 2 4 c. d. 8 12

71.

Choose the correct statement about sending DOY via RF link. a. b. c. d. The DOY signal replaces the TOD signal when the DF mode is enabled. DOY is required only when using the SWOD entry. You must place date information in preset 1 before performing a forced clock start. DOY is used only when loading FMT frequencies.

72.

Select the WOD entry that would place the RT-1319B into operation on the FMT net. a. b. c. d. 265.000, 254.750, 300.000 315.075 225.000, 356.050 300.000, 295.750, 276.900, 229.000

73.

You can determine what frequencies the RT-1319B hops on during ECCM operation by using the _________ net. a. b. FMT or TTc. d. FMT A&B

74.

Select the code that will allow you access to the FMT load mode. a. b. 220.000 220.025 c.220.050 d.220.075

R-13

75.

An active net number of 301.325 would place you on the ______ net. a. b. FMT Non NATO c. d. A&B T

76.

Attempting to go active with an illegal ANN will result in an error tone a. b. c. d. and and but and a flashing a flashing no display a flashing "5". "A". message. display.

77.

Which of the following best shows what a software revision check will look like for the RT-1319B HQ2? a. b. c. d. "07 04 03" "HVQK2" "2" "P102," then "P201," then "P302," then "P401"

78.

The RT-1319B has the ability to simultaneously receive two signals and process them both down to audio. This unique ability is called a. b. squelch. direction finding. c. d. conferencing. ECCM.

79.

Using a TSEC/KY-57 with an RT-1319B will ________ conferencing. a. b. disable not affect c. d. enhance enable

80.

The stand-by power supply in the AM-7176A is important because it a. b. c. d. protects the RT-1319B against over-voltage conditions. provides enough power to the RT-1319B to maintain normal communications during momentary power losses. provides power to the RT-1319B to retain TOD during momentary power losses. provides enough power to the AM-7176A to maintain 30 watts of output power during momentary power losses.

LAST PAGE OF THE REVIEW LESSON

R-14

Review Lesson Solutions 1. c 2. a 3. c 4. a 5. b 6. a 7. c 8. a 9. d 10. b 11. c 12. c 13. d 14. c 15. b 16. a 17. d 18. b 19. c 20. b 21. c 22. b 23. c 24. a 25. c 26. b 27. a 28. b 29. d 30. d 31. d 32. a 33. b 34. d 35. b 36. a 37. b 38. d 39. a 40. c 41. b 42. a 43. a

Reference 1101.1 1102.2 1103.3 1103.4 1104.2 1105.1 1106.2 1201.2 1202.2 1203.2 1203.3 1203.6 1204.2 2101.1 2102.1 2103.1 2104.1 2104.1 2104.4 2105.1 2106.1 2106.2 2107.1 2107.2 2108.1 2201.1 2202.1 2203.1 2203.2 2203.4 2203.3 2301.2 2301.3 2301.5 2301.6 2301.8 2302.1 2302.2 2303.2 2303.3 2303.5 2304.2 2304.3

R-15

Review Lesson Solutions 44. c 45. c 46. b 47. d 48. c 49. b 50. a 51. a 52. d 53. c 54. c 55. c 56. b 57. a 58. b 59. a 60. d 61. b 62. d 63. a 64. a 65. d 66. c 67. d 68. b 69. d 70. b 71. c 72. d 73. a 74. d 75. a 76. b 77. d 78. c 79. a 80. c

Reference 2304.6 2304.8 3101.1 3102.1 3103.1 3104.1 3104.2 3105.2 3106.2 3107.2 3107.3 3108.1 3109.1 3109.2 3201.2 3202.2 3202.3 3202.4 3203.2 3204.2 3205.2 3205.3 3205.4 3205.7 3109.1 3206.3 3206.4 3207.1 3208.2 3205.3 3209.1 3210.2 3211.2 3212.2 3205.5 3213.3 3214.1

R-16

BIBLIOGRAPHY MCI RELATED COURSES 25.15 Antenna Construction and Propagation of Radio Waves

MARINE CORPS INSTITUTE MCI 2532E HF/UHF FIELD RADIO EQUIPMENT Use this form for questions you have about this course. Write down your question(s) and refer to the study unit, lesson exercise item, or the review lesson exam item causing you a problem. Before mailing, fold the form and staple it so that MCIs address is showing. Additional sheets may be attached to this side of the form. Your question(s) will be answered promptly by the Distance Learning Instructor responsible for this course. NAME RANK MOS

COMPLETE MILITARY ADDRESS (INCLUDING RUC IF KNOWN)

TELEPHONE NUMBER

YOUR QUESTION:

INSTRUCTORS RESPONSE:

MARINE CORPS INSTITUTE--STUDENT REQUEST/INQUIRY-MCI - R-11 (3/96)

MCI 2532E HF/UHF Field Radio Equipment SECTION 1. STUDENT IDENTIFICATION INSTRUCTIONS: Print or type clearly: (Section 1. Information is needed by MCI to act/respond to input provided in Section 2.)
RANK FIRST NAME MI. LAST NAME MOS RUC SOCIAL SECURITY NO.

DATE: ____________

MILITARY ADDRESS (INCLUDE ZIP CODE) (Reservists may use civilian address)

SECTION 2. STUDENT REQUEST/INQUIRY INSTRUCTIONS: Complete only those sections requiring an action/response from MCI.
FROM: CHANGE NAME: RANK: SSN: RUC: NAME: RANK: SSN: RUC: TO:

The following materials are needed: Lessons: Manual: Answer Sheets: Others: Final Exam Overdue: Lessons sent to MCI on __________ Missing Diploma or Completion Certificate: The course or program was completed (day) ________ (month) ________ (year) ________ Exam sent to MCI on ____________

Request Extension _____ (Students are only eligible for one extension prior to their Course Completion Date (CDD))

Request Reenrollment _____ (Students are only eligible for reenrollment once and only after their CDD. If already reenrolled and disenrolled, a new enrollment must be requested)

Request New Enrollment _____________

OTHER Requested Action:

AUTHORITY: Title 5, USC, Sec. 301. Use of your Social Security Number is authorized by Executive Order 9397 of 22 Nov 43. PRINCIPAL PURPOSE: The student Request/Inquiry is used to transmit information concerning student participation in MCI courses. ROUTINE USES: This information is used by MCI personnel research student inquiries. In some cases information contained therein is used to update individual student records maintained by the Marine Corps Institute. MANDATORY OR VOLUNTARY DISCLOSURE AND EFFECT ON INDIVIDUAL NOT PROVIDING INFORMATION: Disclosure is voluntary. Failure to provide information may result in the provision of incomplete service to your inquiry. Failure to provide your Social Security Number will delay the processing of your request/inquiry.

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

NECESSARY

BUSINESS REPLY MAIL

FIRST-CLASS MAIL PERMIT NO. 19972 WASHINGTON, DC POSTAGE WILL BE PAID BY ADDRESSEE

MARINE CORPS INSTITUTE WASHINGTON NAVY YARD 912 POOR STREET SE WASHINGTON DC 20077-5570