,

Instructions to Candidates: Time allowed: 3 hours.

There are SIX questions set.
You must attempt FOUR questions.
All questions carry equal marks.
This is a closed book examination - this means you are
not permitted to use any text books or study aids in the
examination.
You are forbidden to use programmable or non
programmable calculators or dictionaries.
You must answer the required number of questions
only.
Any additional answers will not be marked.
You should put a cross through any work you do not
wish to be marked.
-
Graph Paper to be provided
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C&T/0607/May/ATF200/Page 1 of5
UNIVERSITY OF SUNDERLAND
SCHOOL OF COMPUTING & TECHNOLOGY
ATF200
ELECTRICAL POWER
Date: 11th May 2007 Time: 9.30 - 12.30
C&T/0607/May/ATF200JPage 2 of5
Q1. A power system has a 3-phase load of 10MVA which operates at a lagging
power factor of 0.9 from a busbar voltage of 11kV.
a) Sketch the loads power triangle giving all values [8 marks]
b) Using the phase voltage as a reference calculate the
magnitude and direction ofthe phase current [5 marks]
c) A parallel capacitance is to be used to compensate the load
to unity power factor. Sketch the compensated systems
phasor diagram and evaluate the size of capacitor needed.
You may assume a frequency of 50Hz. [12 marks]
Q2. a) An ideal single phase transformer has a turns ratio (n) of 1:4.
i) If the transformer is supplied with a primary voltage
of 33kV what would be the voltage on its secondary ?
[2 marks]
ii) If the transformer secondary supplies a current of
2000A what would be the current supplied to its primary ?
[2 marks]
iii) What losses are included in a practical transformer model ?
[4 marks]
b) The 3 single phase transformers shown below (n = 4:1) are to be used
to construct a 3-phase transformer.
Show how they may be connected to construct a star/delta
transformer.
[8 marks]
:JIIC
:JIIC
:JIIC
c) Assuming that the star/delta transformer in (b) above is to supply a
load with a line voltage (V) and line current (I). Evaluate
i) the phase voltage and currents on the secondary [2 marks]
ii) the phase voltage and currents on the primary [2 marks]
iii) the line voltage and currents at the primary [2 marks]
iv) show that the primary and secondary MVA's are the same
[3 marks]
C&T/0607/May/ATF200IPage 3 of5
Q3. The equation for the capacitance between phases of a 3-phase transmission
line is given as
271{S.85 x 10-
12
) F ad /
C

- ( ) ar s metre
In GMD
GMR
where GMD and GMR are the Geometric Mean Distance and Radius
respectively.
a) For an n-bundle phase conductor arrangement the GMR is described
via the general equation :
G M R = " ~ ( D D D XD D D )... (D D D )
aa ab an ba bb bn 110 lib 1111
where Dab is the distance between conductors a and b in the bundle.
Show that a two-bundle system of conductor radius rand
separation distance d has a GMR of N . [8 marks]
b) What assumption are made for this to represent the
capacitance to earth of the line. [4 marks]
c) Evaluate the capacitance/km of the following transmission system
layout if the conductors have a radius of 15mm.
Phase 1
.---.. I
15cm
..---..
0.6m
Phase 2
15cm I
[6 marks]
..---..
0.6m
Phase 3
15cm
d) The Inductance of a line can also be described in terms of its GMR and
GMD. How do these values compare to those used for the evaluation
of capacitances and give reasons for any differences.
[4 marks]
e) Transmission line systems often employ 'transportation' of the phases,
i.e,
Phase 1
Phase 2
Phase 3
How and why is this performed? [3 marks]
C&T/0607/May/ATF200IPage 4 of5
Q4. a) Why is the per unit (pu) system is commonly used in
power system analysis?
[4 marks]
b) Show that the conversion of any impedance (Z) and hence
reactance/resistance to a pu value (Zpu) is performed using
the formula:
Z
PU Z V 2
base base
[6 marks]
c) A symmetrical3-phase fault occurs on the llkV busbars of
the following transmission system :
22kV llkV
22kV/132kV Transmission 132kV111kV
Line
60MVA
Load
X'=O.lpu

X=87Q
40MVA 20MVA
X=O.lpu X=O.15pu
60MVA
X'=O.lpu
i) Find the pu value of the transmission line impedance
to a base of 60MVA.
[3 marks]
ii) Find the equivalent pu fault reactance of the system
to the fault.
[8 marks]
iii) Find the fault current.
[4 marks]
C&T/0607/May/ATF200fPage 5 of5
Q5. a) Describe, with the aid of a sketch, the structure and operation
of a de machine (giving particular attention to the role of the
commutator).
[10 marks]
b) Identify, discuss and sketch the alternative configurations
employed for speed control of a de motor.
[10 marks]
c) The advent ofpower electronics has meant that the use of High
Voltage Direct Current transmission schemes, especially over long
distances, is now advantageous. Briefly discuss the reasoning behind
this statement by comparing AC and DC transmission.
[5 marks]
Q6. a) Describe why a synchronous generator must be synchronised to a
transmission system. What factors must be matched to do this and
how the generator is altered to achieve this in practice.
[10 marks]
b) What is meant by the term load angle for a synchonous generator
and what is happening to the generator if it is negative, zero and
positive.
[6 marks]
c) A synchronous generator has a synchronous reactance of 3Q/phase
and negligible stator resistance. The generator is connected to a
IlkV bus to which it delivers a phase current of 3000A at a power
factor of 0.866.
i) What is the phase voltage of the bus.
[2 marks]
ii) What is the angular relationship between the phase
voltage and current supplied to the bus.
[2 marks]
iii) What is the generators excitation voltage and
load angle?
[5 marks]