HELITA Catalogue en (Curtain)

Direct Lightning protection
Lightning conductors range
Member of ABB Group
c o n t e n t s
G e n e r a l
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Lightning mechanism and location Lightning protection Lightning protection study Procedure for evaluating the efficiency of an ESE lightning conductor according to standard NC F C 17-102 - Appendix C In situ tests Hlita services Installation guide Lightning capture devices Down conductors Equipotential bonding Earth termination systems Inspection / Maintenance
5 5 7 11
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15 16 18 21 25 29 31 35
M a t e r i a l
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
Pulsar early streamer emission lightning conductors Simple rod lightning conductors Stainless steel extension masts Pylons Lateral fixtures Vertical fixtures Air terminals for meshed cages Conductors Flat and round conductor fasteners Flat and round conductor connections Lightning stroke counter Earth coupling accessories Surface earthing Earthing with rods Control and measurement instruments for earthing installations Equipotential bonding Roof ornaments Preliminary lightning protection study
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38 40 42 45 47 50 52 54 55 60 61 63 66 67 70 73 75 76
C H A P TE R
LIGHTNING MECHANISM AND LOC ATION
STORMS
The presence of unstable, moist and warm air masses gives rise to the formation of cumulo-nimbus storm clouds. This type of cloud is very extensive, both horizontally (about 10 km in diameter) and vertically (up to 15 km). Its highly characteristic shape is often compared with the profile of an anvil of which it displays the upper and lower horizontal planes. The existence of extreme temperature gradients in a cumulo-nimbus (the temperature can drop to - 65C at the top) generates very rapid ascending air currents, and results in the electrical energisation of the water particles. In a typical storm cloud, the upper part, consisting of ice crystals, is normally positively charged, whilst the lower part, consisting of water droplets, is negatively charged. Consequently, the lower part of the cloud causes the development of electrically opposite charges (i.e. positive over the part of the ground nearby). Thus the cumulo-nimbus formation constitutes a sort of huge plate /ground capacitor whose median distance can often reach 1 to 2 km. The atmospheric electrical field on the ground, about 100 V/m in fine weather is reversed and can reach an absolute value of 15 to 20 kV/m when a ground discharge is imminent (the lightning stroke). Before and during the appearance of the lightning stroke, discharges can be seen both within the cloud and between clouds.
LIGHTNING
According to the direction in which the electrical discharge develops (downward or upward), and the polarity of the charges it develops (negative or positive), four classes of cloud-to-ground lightning stroke can be distinguished. In practice, lightning strokes of the descending and negative type are by far the most frequent: it is estimated that on plains and in our temperate zones, they account for 96% of all cloud / ground discharges.
MECHANISM OF A LIGHTNING STROKE

It is impossible to discern the individual phases of the lightning stroke by simple visual observation. This can only be done with highperformance photographic equipment. Most lightning bolts exhibit the following phenomena: a leader leaves a point in the cloud and travels about 50 m at a very high speed of around 50,000 km/s. A second leader then leaves the same point, follows the previous path at comparable speed, goes beyond the final point of the first leader by an approximately identical distance, then disappears in turn. There is a brief pause between the leaders, resulting in an average weighted speed (see fig. 1 page 6). The process is repeated until the tip of the last leader reaches a point a few dozen metres, or even just a few metres above ground level. The ascending jets then converge, producing a return stroke from the ground towards the cloud (the upward streamer) during which the electric current circulates: The convergence of these two phenomena produces the main discharge, which may be followed by a series of secondary discharges, passing unbroken along the channel ionised by the main discharge. In an average negative lightning stroke, the maximum current is around 35,000 amperes.
C H A P TE R
LIGHTNING MECHANISM AND LOC ATION
THE EFFECTS OF LIGHTNING

The effects of lightning are those of a high-strength impulse current that propagates initially in a gaseous environment (the atmosphere), and then in a solid, more or less conductive medium (the ground): visual effects (flash): caused by the Townsend avalanche mechanism; acoustic effects: caused by the propagation of a shock wave (rise in pressure) originating in the discharge path; this effect is perceptible up to a range of around 10 kilometers; thermal effect: heat generated by the Joule effect in the ionised channel; electrodynamic effects: these are the mechanical forces applied to the conductors placed in a magnetic field created by the high voltage circulation. They may result in deformations; electrochemical effects: these relatively minor effects are conveyed in the form of electrolytic decomposition through the application of Faradays law; induction effects: in a variable electromagnetic field, every conductor harnesses induced current; effects on a living being (human or animal): the passage of a transient current of a certain r.m.s value is sufficient to incur risks of electrocution by heart attack or respiratory failure, together with the risk of burns.
ALTITUDE (m) 150
Fig. 1: Timing diagram of a lightning stroke
100
downward leader return stroke
50
upward leader
0 0 5 10 15 20 25 30
TIME (s)
C H A P TE R
LIGHTNING PROTECTION
Lightning causes two major types of accidents: Accidents caused by a direct stroke when the lightning strikes a building or a specific zone. This can cause considerable damage, usually by fire. Protection against this danger is provided by lightning conductor systems. Accidents caused indirectly, as when the lightning strikes or causes power surges in power cables or transmission links. Hence the need to protect the equipment at risk against the surge voltage and indirect currents generated.
I- PROTECTION AGAINST DIRECT LIGHTNING STROKE

To protect a structure against direct lightning strokes, a preferred impact point is selected to protect the surrounding structure and conduct the flow of the electric current towards Protection systems
Early Streamer Emission lightning conductors Simple rod lightning conductors Meshed cages Stretched wires
the ground, with minimal impedance on the path followed by the lightning.Four types of protection systems meet these requirements.
French standards
NF C 17-102 NF C 17-100 NF C 17-100 NF C 17-100
I-1 / Simple rod lightning conductors

By protruding upwards from the building, they are likely to trigger the release of ascending streamers and thus be selected as impact points by lightning strokes occurring within the vicinity of the structure. This type of protection is especially recommended for radio stations and antenna masts when the area requiring protection is relatively small. A simple rod lightning conductor is made up of: a rod lightning conductor and its extension mast one or two down conductors, a connection link or test coupling on each down conductor to check the conductor earth resistance, a protecting flat to protect the down conductor for the last two meters above ground level, an equipotential bonding between each earth and the general earthing circuit of the structure; this can be disconnected.
C H A P TE R
I-2 / Early streamer emission (ESE) lightning conductors

These state-of-the-art technologies have been designed on the basis of a series of patents registered jointly by HELITA and the French National Scientific Research Centre (CNRS). The PULSAR is equipped with an electronic device which emits a high pulse voltage of known and controlled frequency and amplitude enabling the early formation of the upward leader which is then continuously propagated towards the downward leader. The PULSAR draws its energy from the ambient electrical field during the storm. After capturing the lightning stroke, the PULSAR directs it towards the down conductor to the ground where it is dissipated.
Triggering time of an ESE lightning conductor
The early streamer emission concept

During a storm, when the propagation field conditions are favourable, the Pulsar first generates an upward leader. This leader from the Pulsar tip propagates towards the downward leader from the cloud at an average speed of 1m/s. The triggering time T(s) is defined as the mean gain at the sparkover instant (continuous propagation of the upward leader) obtained with an ESE lightning conductor compared with a simple rod lightning conductor exposed to the same conditions. T is measured in the high-voltage laboratory conditions defined in Appendix C of the French standard NF C 17-102. T (s): The triggering time instance gain T is associated with a triggering time distance gain L. L = v. T, where: L (m): gain in lead distance or sparkover distance. v (m/s): average speed of the downward tracer (1m/s). gain in sparkover time of the upward leader measured in laboratory conditions. PULSAR conductors are especially effective for the protection of classified industrial sites, administrative or public buildings, historical monuments and open-air sites such as sports grounds.
C H A P TE R
Installation conditions
An ESE lightning conductor is made up of: an ESE lightning conductor and its extension mast one or two down conductors, a connecting link or test coupling for each down conductor to enabling the earth resistance to be verified, a protecting flat to protect the down conductor for the last two meters above ground level, an earth designed to dissipate the lightning currents at the bottom of each down conductor, an equipotential bonding between each earth and the general earthing circuit of the structure; this can be disconnected.
I-3 / Meshed cages

This principle consists of dividing up and more easily dissipating the lightning current by a network of conductors and earths. A meshed cage installation has multiple down conductors and consequently provides very effective protection for buildings that house equipment sensitive to electromagnetic disturbance. an equipotential bonding between each This is because the lightning current is divided among the down conductors and the low current circulating in the mesh creates very little disturbance by induction. earth and the general earthing circuit of the structure; this can be disconnected. A meshed cage installation is made up of: devices to capture the atmospheric discharges consisting of strike points, roof ridge conductors, down conductors, earths,
I-4 / Stretched wires

This system is composed of one or several conductor wires stretched above the protected installation. The protection area is determined by applying the electrogeometrical model. The conductors must be earthed at each end. A stretched wire installation requires a thorough preliminary study to consider issues such as mechanical strength, the type of installation, and the insulation distances. This technology is used to protect ammunition depots and as a general rule in circumstances where the site cannot be protected by using a building structure to support the conductors that convey the lightning currents to the earth.
C H A P TE R
II- PROTECTION AGAINST INDIRECT LIGHTNING STROKE EFFECTS

When lightning strikes cables and transmission lines (H.F. coaxial cables, telecommunication lines, power cables), a voltage surge is propagated and may reach equipment in the surrounding. This voltage surge can also be generated by induction due to the electromagnetic radiation of the lightning flash. This can have many consequences: premature component ageing, destruction of printed circuit boards or component plating, equipment failure, data loss, programs hanging, line damage, etc. This is why you need to use surge arresters to protect equipment liable to be affected by lightning strikes. The use of surge arresters is recommended when there is at least one lightning conductor on the building. 65 kA calibration is then recommended.
1 2 4 3 Hlita ESE lightning conductor 1 telephone line protection 2 low voltage power supply protection 3 IT system protection 4 TV protection
interconnection with building loop
III- EQUIPOTENTIAL BONDING DEFECTS

During a lightning stroke or even as a result of indirect effects, equipotential bonding defects can, by differences in potential, generate sparkover causing particularly destructive interference currents. This is why it is an essential part of effective lightning protection to ensure that a sites equipotential bonding is effective and in good condition. The same applies to interconnections between metal earthing networks close to sensitive equipment (telephone exchanges or CPUs).
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C H A P TE R
LIGHTNING PROTECTION STUDY
The French NF C 17-100 and NF C 17-102 standards recommend a preliminary study in three parts: lightning risk evaluation protection level selection, protection device definition.
LIGHTNING RISK EVALUATION

The following method is used for risk evaluation:
1 - Expected frequency Nd of direct lightning strikes on a structure

The yearly average frequency Nd of direct lightning to a structure is assessed by the following equation: Nd = Ng max. Ae.C1 10-6/year where: Ng max. = 2 Ng Ng: mean annual lightning flash density in the region where the structure is located (number of lightning strikes/year/km2) which can be determined by: consulting the map overleaf (Ng), using the isokeraunic level Nk: Ng max =0.04 Nk 1.25, i.e. around Nk/10 Ae: is the equivalent collection area of the isolated structure (in m2). It is defined as the ground area having the same annual direct lightning strike probability as the structure. The calculation formulae are defined in Appendix B of the NFC 17-100 and NF C 17-102 standards. C1: environmental coefficient (defined in table B2 of the NF C 17-102 standard).
2 - Tolerable frequency Nc of lightning strikes to the structure

The tolerable frequency is assessed using the following equation: Nc = 5,5. 103 / C2 x C3 x C4 x C5 where C2 represents the construction type, C3 represents the structure contents, C4 represents the structure occupancy, C5 represents the consequences of a lightning strike. The coefficients are defined in tables B5 to B8 of the NF C 17-102 standard.
PROTECTION LEVEL SELECTION

The values Nc and Nd are compared. If Nd Nc, the lightning protection system is not a mandatory requirement. If Nd > Nc, a protection system offering E 1 -Nc /Nd level of efficiency should be installed. The protection level determines the protection radius of the lightning conductor, the safety distance (earth interconnection) and the maintenance period. If necessary, additional protection measures Calculated efficiency
E < 0,98 0,95 < E < 0,98 0,90 < E < 0,95 0,80 < E < 0,90 0 < E < 0,80
Corresponding level of protection NFC 17-100 December 1997

Level 1 + additional measures Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Level 4
Corresponding level of protection NFC 17-102 July 1995

Level 1 + additional measures Level 1 Level 2 Level 2 Level 3
aimed at limiting the step voltage, fire propagation or induced surge voltage effect can be deployed.
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C H A P TE R
LIGHTNING PROTECTION STUDY
PROTECTION DEVICE DEFINITION

It is advisable to take into account the technical and architectural constraints when configuring the different components of the protection device. To facilitate your preliminary studies, Hlita will provide a questionnaire in which the minimum required information can be entered, and a calculation software package.
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C H A P TE R
PROCEDURE FOR EVALUATING THE EFFICIENCY OF AN ESE LIGHTNING CONDUCTOR ACCORDING TO STANDARD NC F C 17-102 - APPENDIX C
applied to the Pulsar in the first configuration, then to the simple rod conductor in the second configuration.
This test procedure consists in evaluating the triggering time of an early streamer emission (ESE) lightning conductor compared with a simple rod lightning conductor (SRC) in high voltage laboratory conditions. 100 shocks are
SIMUL ATION OF NATURAL CONDITIONS

Natural conditions can be simulated in a laboratory by superimposing a permanent field and an impulse field associated with a plate / ground platform area (H). The tested lightning conductor is placed on the ground, beneath the centre of this platform. In the experiment, the height H = 6 m, and the lightning conductor height h = 1.5 m.
H H d d
h ESE LABORATORY EARTH SRC
LABORATORY EARTH
ELECTRIC AL CONDITIONS
The permanent field caused by the charge distribution in the cloud is represented by a DC voltage of 15 to 20 kv/m (simulating a field of around 15 to 20 kV/m) applied to the upper plate. The impulse field caused by the approach of the downward leader is simulated with a negative polarity wave applied to the platform. The rise time of the wave Tm is 650 s. The wave gradient, at the significant points is around 109 V/m/s.
GEOMETRIC AL CONDITIONS
The volume used for the experiment must be large enough to allow the ascending discharge to develop freely: distance d between upper platform and tip 2 m, upper plate diameter distance from upper plate to ground The lightning conductors are tested in sequence in strictly identical geometrical conditions: same height, same location, same distance between tip and upper platform. IREQ Laboratory (Canada - 2000)
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C H A P TE R
PROCEDURE FOR EVALUATING THE EFFICIENCY OF AN ESE LIGHTNING CONDUCTOR ACCORDING TO STANDARD NC F C 17-102 - APPENDIX C
ESE LIGHTNING CONDUCTOR TRIGGERING TIME C ALCUL ATION

General conditions
Number of shocks: around 100 per configuration (sufficient for an accurate analysis of the leader /Leader transition). Interval between shocks: the same for each configuration.
Recording
Triggering time (TB): obtained directly by reading the data from the diagnostic equipment. This data is not characteristic, but it does enable a simple reading to establish whether or not a shock can yield a valid result. Light emitted by the leader at the lightning conductor tip (photomultipliers): this data provides a very accurate detection of the leader continuous propagation instant. Pre-discharge current (coaxial shunt): the resulting curves confirm the previous diagnostic data. Space-time development of the discharge (image converter): the image converter pictures provide a further means of analysing the results.
Other recordings or measurements

Short-circuit current (coaxial shunt). Time/voltage characteristics for several shocks. Rod to plate distance before and after each configuration. Climatic parameters: pressure, temperature, absolute humidity.
Triggering time of a simple rod lightning conductor
Triggering time of An ESE lightning conductor
T C ALCUL ATION
The triggering time instants, or continuous propagation instants of the upward leader are obtained by analysing the diagnostic data described above. The mean is then calculated for each lightning conductor tested, and the difference between the mean values is the ESE lightning conductor triggering time. T = T PTS - T PDA Hlita has unique know-how and experience in this field. Hlita has generated more than 40,000 sparks using this test procedure in the following high voltage laboratories:
T TESE TSRC
t(s)
re fe
Bazet VHV Laboratory - SEDIVER (France) Volta HV Laboratory - MERLIN GERIN (France) L.G.E.Les Renardires - ELECTRICITE DE FRANCE Bagnres de Bigorre HV Laboratory LEHTM (France) Varennes IREQ Laboratory (Canada) WHVI - WUHAN (China)
EM exp EESE ESRC
ew nc re
e av
14
ex
pe
rim en ta l
ve wa
C H A P TE R
IN SITU TESTS
OBJECTIVES
HELITA has been investing for many years in research into lightning conductor protection devices, and is constantly striving to enhance the performance of its products. HELITAs ongoing in situ research in France and abroad has three main objectives: to enhance the protection models, to measure in situ the effectiveness of ESE conductors, already evaluated in laboratory conditions, to qualify the dimensioning of the equipment in real-life lightning strike conditions.
NATURAL LIGHTNING EXPERIMENTAL SITE

Located in the Hautes-Pyrnes department of France Keraunic level: 30 days of storms per annum Purpose of the experiments: to confirm the triggering time of ESE lightning conductors compared to simple rod conductors to direct the flow of the lightning currents captured by the lightning conductors to low-voltage surge arresters via an appro priate earthing network. to test the resistance of the equipment to lightning shocks and climatological constraints.
EXPERIMENTAL ARTIFICIAL LIGHTNING TRIGGERING SITES

Because lightning is a randomly occurring natural phenomenon, artificial triggering techniques have been developed to speed up the research process. When lightning conditions are prevalent the triggering technique consists in sending a rocket with a trailing wire in the direction of the storm clouds to cause a lightning strike at the experimental site. The wire may comprise an insulating section in order to generate the largest possible number of lightning strikes for experimental purposes. Site located at Privat dAllier in Auvergne, France Keraunic level: 30 Purpose of the experiments: to qualify the lightning strike counters and low-voltage arresters in situ, to qualify the resistance of the equipment to triggered lightning strikes. Site located at Camp Blanding (Florida/USA) Keraunic level: 80 Purpose of the experiments: to confirm the triggering time gain of the ESE lightning rods compared with single rod conductors, to collect data with a view to improving the protection models.
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C H A P TE R
HLITA SERVICES
HLITA WORLDWIDE
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C H A P TE R
HLITA SERVICES
TRAINING
Hlita provides training courses for its field technicians and for the employees of other companies. The courses are designed to enable the evaluation of technical skills and service quality, and to develop the highest possible awareness and understanding of the range of available solutions for lightning protection. Hlita also organises annual forums run by lightning specialists for our field technicians, and participates actively in seminars organised by our partners. Our instructors have nationally and internationally recognised skills and experience and are also available to speak at conferences on lightning.
A SOFTWARE PACK AGE DEDIC ATED TO THE NF C 17-102 STANDARD

Hlita has developed a software package supplied on CD-ROM. The software runs in the PC WINDOWS 2000, 98 and 95 environments and can be used to: evaluate the lightning risk, select the appropriate protection level, select the protection device, calculate safety distances, compile technical descriptions and equipment parts lists: Hlita will be glad to provide this package free of charge.
A TECHNIC AL SERVICE AT YOUR DISPOSAL

Hlita offers a free survey and design service for lightning protection. Simply send us the drawings of the structure you are seeking to protect (cutaway or side views and roof views) and we shall send you back a detailed estimate for the type of material required to protect the structure.
FIELD TECHNICIANS THROUGHOUT FRANCE AND A WORLDWIDE DEALER NETWORK

Our services are also available via our network of approved field technicians throughout France, and our sole agents in over 60 countries worldwide. They have received full technical training and are at your service to draw up free quotations and offer you the full benefits of their experience in the field.
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C H A P TE R
INSTALL ATION GUIDE
Early streamer emission lightning conductor
lateral brackets Pulsar lightning conductor
diverter
rubberalu clamps 6 or 8 mm copper round tape 30 x 2 or
conductor supporting stud tape 30 x 2 hook
extension mast
lightning stroke counter
copper strip 30 x 2 down conductor hook 3 screw-in stainless steel clamps on 2 m of flat protecting flat test coupling
duckfoot connector
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C H A P TE R
INSTALL ATION GUIDE
Meshed cage
30 x 2 strip swivelling mounting plate conductor supporting stud 0,3 or 0,5 m OR OR 30 x 2 tape rubber alu clamp flat mounting plate support plate strike point
30 x 2 roof copper tape 30 x 2 copper tape down conductor
30 x 2 tape 30 x 2 tape hook
6 ou 8 mm copper round
lightning stroke counter
earth rods
down conductor hook
test coupling
protecting flat 30 x 2 copper tape 3 screw-in stainless steel clamps on 2 m of flat protecting flat equipotential box
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C H A P TE R
LIGHTNING C APTURE DEVICES
LIGHTNING CONDUCTORS
Early Streamer Emission (ESE) lightning conductors or simple rod lightning conductors (SRC)
As a general rule, the lightning conductor should culminate at least two metres above the highest points of the building(s) to be protected. Its location should therefore be determined relative to building superstructures: chimneys, machine and equipment rooms, flagpoles, pylons or aerials. Ideally, these vulnerable points should be selected for lightning conductor installation. The lightning conductor may be raised by an extension mast. Hlita stainless steel interlocking extension masts can reach an overall height of 5.75 metres or 7.50 metres including the lightning conductor height. They have been specially designed to obviate the need for guying. However, if guying is essential (e.g. when the conductor is fixed with a flat support on the roof waterproofing, or is exposed to particularly strong winds), the guys should be made of 5.6 fibre glass. When metal cables are used for guying, the lower anchoring points should be interconnected with the down conductor by a conductive material of the same type. Hlita offers a range of fixtures adapted to most requirements. Installation specifications are detailed in the individual product data sheets. If several lightning conductors (ESE or SRC) are used in the outside installation on the same structure, they should be connected by a conductor, except when this has to pass an obstacle of more than 1.5 metres in height. The software developed by Hlita can be used to produce a study with the calculated protection radius for ESE lightning conductors and evaluate the interconnection requirements. D 1.50 m : connect ESE lightning conductors D 1.50 m : do not connect lightning conductors When protecting open-air sites such as sports grounds, golf courses, swimming pools, and camping sites, ESE lightning conductors are installed on special supports such as lighting masts, pylons, or any other nearby structures from which the conductor can cover the area to be protected.
d 1,50 m
d 1,50 m
d 1,50 m
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C H A P TE R
SPECIAL C A SES TV or transmission / reception aerials

By agreement with the user of the aerial, the device can be mounted on the aerial mast, provided that allowance is made for a number of factors notably: the lightning conductor tip must culminate at least 2 m above the aerial, the coaxial cable will be fed down through the lightning conductor mast and its supports, the common supporting mast will no need guying, the connection to the down conductor will be mast. This process, widely used today, offers three advantages:
aerial 2 metres
made using a clamp fixed to the foot of the
ESE lightning conductor
technical (it earths the aerial itself), visual (there is only one mast) cost.
hooping brackets down conductor lightning conductor and aerial support lightning conductor connection clamp
500 mm
Industrial chimney
The lightning conductor should be mounted on an HRI 3501 offset mast as far as possible from smoke and corrosive vapours. The mast should be fixed to 2 points as shown in the diagram.
Simple rod lightning conductor

The lightning conductors (HPF 1001 or 2001) should be mounted on HPS 2630 stainless steel supports to enable mounting at a 30 angle. They will be interconnected by a belt conductor positioned 50 cm from the summit of the chimney. When using 1 metre strike points (HPF.1001) at least two points should be used and placed at intervals of no more than 2 m around the perimeter. When using strike points of at least 2 meters in height, the number of points should be calculated to cover the protection radius.
down conductor offset mast (HRI 3501) ESE lightning conductor
Steeple
The lightning conductors have been designed to carry roof ornaments (rooster, weathervane, cardinal points, etc.) available from our catalogue.
rooster tightening screw cardinal points connecting clamp down conductor 750 mm
The down conductor is then fixed below the ornaments.
ESE conductor base
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C H A P TE R
MESHED C AGES
The width of roof meshes depends on the required protection level and should not exceed 15 m. The meshes should be made as follows: firstly a closed polygon is formed with a perimeter close to the periphery of the roof, transverse sections are then added as required to achieve the required mesh density a conductor should be laid on any roof ridges Air terminals are placed vertically at the highest and most vulnerable points on the buildings (roof ridges, salient points, edges, corners, etc.). They are arranged at regular intervals around the periphery of the roof: the distance between two 30 cm air terminals should not exceed 10 m the distance between two 50 cm air terminals should not exceed 15 m strike air terminals not located on the outer polygon are connected to the polygon: either by a conductor excluding any upturn if the air terminals is less than 5 m from the polygon or by two conductors in opposite directions forming a transversal section if the air terminals is located more than 5 m from the polygon.
Protection level NF C 17-100
Mesh size
I II III IV
5x5 10 x 10 15 x 15 20 x 20
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C H A P TE R
DOWN CONDUCTORS
OVERVIEW
Down conductors should preferably be made with tin-plated red copper strips, 30 mm wide and 2 mm thick. Lightning is a high frequency current that flows along the periphery of the conductors. For a like cross-section, a flat conductor has a greater periphery. An exception to the above rule is buildings with aluminium cladding on which a copper down
d
conductor might generate an electrolytic coupling phenomenon. Here a 30 x 3 mm aluminium strip should be used or bimetal connection. In some cases where it is impossible to fix the copper strip, a round 8 mm tin-plated copper conductor or a 30 x 3 mm flexible tin-plated copper braid should be used.
l d
PATH
The path should be planned to take account of the location of the earth termination. The path should be as straight and short as possible avoiding any sharp bends or upturns. Curvature radii should be no less than 20 cm. To divert the down conductor laterally, 30 x 2 mm tin-plated red copper preformed bends should be used. The down conductor path should be chosen to avoid electrical ducts and intersections. However when crossovers cannot be avoided, the conduit should be protected inside metal sheathing extending by 1 m on either side of the crossover. This sheathing should be connected to the down conductor.
l d
However, in exceptional cases where an outside down conductor cannot be installed, the conductor may run down through a service duct, provided that this is used for no other purpose (and subject to agreement with the safety services and inspection organisations). The down conductor can also be fixed on a main concrete wall located behind a curtain wall. The conductor supports on the curtain walls should be connected to the down conductor.
l d d l
PARAPET WALLS
When the face of the parapet wall is less than or equal to 40 cm, an upward section in the down conductor is allowed with a maximum slope of no more than 45. For parapet walls with an upward section of more than 40 cm, space should be allowed or a hole drilled to accommodate a 50 mm minimum diameter sheath and thereby avoid bypassing. If this is not possible, supports of the same height as the wall should be installed to avoid an upturn.
40 cm max 45 max
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C H A P TE R
DOWN CONDUCTORS
CONNECTION
The lightning conductor is connected to the down conductor by a connecting clamp that must be tightly secured on to the mast. The strip will be secured along the extension masts by stainless steel clamps. The conductors can be connected together by coupling strips.
copper round 6 or 8 mm
strip 30 x 2
FA STENERS
Whatever the supporting medium the down conductor must be secured by at least 3 fasteners per linear metre. Insulators are of no effect in dealing with lightning current. However, insulators are used to distance the conductors and prevent contact with easily flammable material (thatch or wood, for example). The fastener must be appropriate for the supporting medium and installed so as not to impair watertightness and allow the conductor to expand.
30 or 40 mm hook
30
330
lead play
TEST COUPLING
Each down conductor must be fitted with a test coupling or connection link to enable measurement of the resistance of the earth and the electrical continuity of the down conductor. The test coupling is usually placed about 2 m above ground level to make it accessible for inspection purposes only. To be compliant with standards, the test coupling should be identified by the words lightning conductor and the earth symbol. On metal pylons, framework or cladding, the test coupling should be placed on the ground in an inspection and earth pit about 1 metre from the foot of the metal wall to avoid distorting the resistance measurement of the earth connection by inevitably measuring the electrical resistance on the other metallic networks in the building.
lead dowel down conductor strip hook
test coupling
protecting flat
PROTECTING FL AT
Between the test coupling and the ground, the strip is protected by a 2-meter galvanised sheet metal flat fixed by 3 clamps supplied with the flat. It is not advisable to use steel protection flats because of the premature damage liable to be caused by the electrolytic coupling created by the steel-copper contact. The protecting flat can be bent to follow the profile of the building.
3 screw-in stainless steel clamps on the 2 m of protecting flat protecting flat copper tape 30 x 2
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C H A P TE R
DOWN CONDUCTORS
LIGHTNING STROKE COUNTER

When the regulations require the installation of a lightning stroke counter, one per lightning conductor should be installed for simple rod or ESE conductors, and 1 on every 4 down conductors in a meshed cage installation. The lightning stroke counter should be installed above the test coupling around 2 meters above the ground. The counter is connected as a standard fitting on the down conductor.
SPECIAL CONDITIONS ESE lightning conductors

Each ESE lightning conductor is earthed by at least one down conductor. An additional down conductor located on another main wall is required in the following cases: when the horizontal path projection of the conductor is greater than the vertical path projection, when lightning protection is being installed on structures taller than 28 metres, or 40 metres in the case of industrial chimney stacks and churches.
A < B : 2 DOWN CONDUCTORS

A : vertical projection of the down conductor path B : horizontal projection of the down conductor path
A < 28 m and A > B : 1 DOWN CONDUCTOR
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C H A P TE R
DOWN CONDUCTORS
Simple rod lightning conductors

Each simple rod lightning conductor is earthed by at least one down conductor. When the down path exceeds 35 m a least two conductors are required for each simple rod conductor. These down conductors must be installed on two different main walls. On churches, 2 down conductors are systematically installed, one of which follows the ridge of the nave.
Meshed cages
The down conductors are placed on the corners and salient features of the building in a layout that should be as symmetrical and regular as possible. The average distance between two adjacent down conductors depends on the required protection level. If there is no buried interconnection between the earths, the down conductors must be interconnected at ground level. Protection level NF C 17-100
I II III IV
Distance between 2 down conductors

10 m 15 m 20 m 25 m
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C H A P TE R
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EQUIPOTENTIAL BONDING
OVERVIEW
When lightning current flows through a conductor, differences in potential appear between the conductor and nearby metallic networks (steel framework, pipes, etc.) inside or outside the building. Dangerous sparks may be produced between the two ends of the resulting open loop. There are two ways to avoid this problem: a) establish an interconnection providing an equipotential bond between the conductor and the metallic networks b) allow a safety distance between the conductor and the metallic networks The safety distance is the distance beyond which no dangerous sparks can be produced between the down conductor carrying the lightning current and nearby metallic networks. Because it is often difficult to guarantee that the lightning protection system is sufficiently isolated during installation or will remain so in the event of structural changes, on-site work, etc., equipotential bonding is often preferred. There are, however, some cases in which equipotential bonding is not used (e.g. when there are flammable or explosive piping networks). Here, the down conductors are routed beyond the safety distance s.
Safety distance calculation
S (m) = n.ki.L km
where: "n" is a coefficient determined by the number of down conductors per ESE lightning conductor before the contact point considered: n = 1 for one down conductor, n = 0,6 for two down conductors, n = 0,4 for three or more conductors
S2 S1 air-conditioning
" ki " is determined by the required protection level: ki = 0.1 for protection level 1 (high protection), for very exposed or strategic buildings ki = 0.075 for protection level 2 (reinforced protection, exposed building) ki = 0.05 for protection level 3 (standard protection) "km" is related to the material situated between the two loop ends: Example: a lightning conductor with a down conductor protects a 20-meter high building with km : 1 for air km = 0.52 for a solid material other than metal "L" is the vertical distance between the point at which proximity is measured and the point at which the metallic network is earthed or the nearest equipotential bonding point. For gas service pipes S = 3 m. protection level I. Question 1 : should an air conditioning extractor located on the roof be interconnected 3 metres from the down conductor where L1 = 25 metres? Answer 1: S1 = 1 x 0,1 x 25 = 2,5 m. 1 Since the distance (3 metres) between the conductor and the air-conditioning system is greater than the safety distance (2.5 metres), there is no need to interconnect this extractor. Question 2 : Should the computer located in the building 3 metres from the down conductor be interconnected with the conductor, where L2 = 10 metres? Answer 2: S2 = 1 x 0,1 x 10 = 1,92 m. 0,52 Since the distance between the computer and the down conductor (3 metres) is greater than the safety distance (1.92 metres), there is no need to interconnect this computer. The software developed by Hlita can be used to quickly calculate the safety distances.
L2 earthing bar L1
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C H A P TE R
10
EQUIPOTENTIAL BONDING OF EXTERNAL METALLIC NETWORKS

The equipotential bonding of external metallic networks is an integral part of the outdoor lightning protection installation just like the down conductors and their earths. All conductive metallic networks located at a distance of less than s (safety distance) from a conductor should be connected to the conductor by a conductive material with a like cross-section. The aerial masts and small posts supporting electrical power lines should be connected to the conductor via a mast arrester. Earthing systems embedded in walls should be connected to the conductor if terminal connections have been provided.
EQUIPOTENTIAL BONDING OF INTERNAL METALLIC NETWORKS

The equipotential bonding of internal metallic networks is an integral part of the indoor lightning protection installation. All conductive metallic networks in the structure (steel frameworks, ducts, sheathing, electrical raceways or telecommunication cable trays, etc.) should be connected to the conductor. This is done by using a conductive material with a cross-section of at least 16 mm2 for copper or 50 mm2 for steel to connect to equipotential bonding bars installed inside the structure and connected in turn to the closest point of the earthing circuit. Unscreened telecommunication or electrical conductors should be bonded to the lightning protection system via surge arresters.
4 3 Hlita ESE lightning conductor 1 telephone line protection 2 low voltage power supply protection 3 IT system protection 4 TV protection
2 1
interconnection with building loop
EQUIPOTENTIAL BONDING OF EARTHS

See chapter on earth termination systems.
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C H A P TE R
11
EARTH TERMINATION SYSTEMS
OVERVIEW
Each down conductor in a lightning protection system must be connected to an earth termination system designed to carry away and disperse the lightning current. The earth termination system must fulfil three inseparable conditions:
DUCK'S FOOT EARTH TERMINATION SYSTEM
Current carrying capacity

This is an often overlooked but essential aspect of lightning conduction. To minimise the wave impedance value, a parallel configuration of three electrodes is strongly recommended instead of just one excessively long electrode.
depth 60 to 80 cm duck's foot connector 8 to 12 m protection flat stainless steel clamp
30 x 2 down conductor 1 m from wall 6 to 9 m depending on soil resistance
The earth termination resistance value

French and other international standards, as well as the technical requirements of a number of authorities stipulate an earth termination resistance value of less than 10 ohms. This value should be measured on the earth connection isolated from any other conductive component. If the resistance value of 10 ohms cannot be achieved, the earth termination is nonetheless considered compliant if it is made up of at least 100 m of conductors or electrodes, each section measuring no more than 20 m.
Equipotential bonding
Standards require the equipotential bonding of lightning conductor earth termination systems with the existing earthing systems.
Inspection earth pit

The connection parts of an earth termination system (ducks foot connector, earth rod, test coupling) can be accessed in an inspection earth pit.
NB: the earth termination is covered by a red or orange warning grid
ROD TRIANGLE EARTH TERMINATION SYSTEM
protection flat
stainless steel clamp 30 x 2 strip 1 m from wall 2m earth rod clamp 2 m rod rod earth rod clamp
depth 60 to 80 cm
LIGHTNING CONDUCTORS Ducks foot connector

The minimum earth termination system is made up of 25 meters of 30 x 2 mm tin-plated copper strip, split into 3 strands buried in 3 trenches at a depth of 60 to 80 cm dug in a fan shape like a ducks foot: one end of the longest strand is connected to the test coupling, the two other strands being linked to a special connection known as a duck foots connector.
Earth rods
When the site topography does not lend itself to the installation of a ducks foot as described above, an earth termination system can be developed using at least 3 copper earth rods each with a minimum length of 2 m, buried vertically in the ground; the rods should be spaced at intervals of about 2m and at a mandatory distance of 1 m to 1.5 m from the foundations.
DUCK'S FOOT EARTH TERMINATION SYSTEM WITH EARTH RODS
protection flat
stainless steel clamp
30 x 2 strip depth 60 to 80 cm 1 m from wall 6 to 9 m
Combined
If the soil type is not altogether suitable for a ducks foot connector, a combination of ducks foot and earth rods will significantly enhance protection. In this case, the end of each duck foot connector strand is connected to an earth rod.
duck's foot connector 8 to 12 m
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C H A P TE R
11
MESHED C AGES Ducks foot connector

The earth connection is made up of 3 conductors each 3 m in length, buried horizontally at a depth of 60 to 80 cm. One of the strips is connected to one end of the test coupling; the other two splay out at an angle of 45 on either side of this central strand and are coupled to it with a special connector known as a ducks foot connector.
DUCK'S FOOT SYSTEM FOR A MESHED CAGE
protection flat
stainless steel clamp
30 x 2 strip depth 60 to 80 cm 1 m from wall 3m
duck's foot connector 4m

Earth rods
The earth connection is made up of 2 spiked vertical rods at least 2 m in length, connected to each other and to the down conductor, and at least 2 m from each other. The rods should be 1 m to 1.5 m from the foundations. The earth termination systems in a building should be connected together with a conductor with the same cross-section and of the same type as the down conductors. Where there is an existing entrenched earth loop in the foundations for the buildings electrical installations, there is no need to create a new loop: the earth terminations can simply be interconnected by a tin-plated 30 x 2 mm copper strip.
2m 0,6 m 2m test coupling protection flat
2 rods
EARTHING SYSTEM EQUIPOTENTIAL BONDING

When the protected building or area has an existing earth termination system for the electrical installations, the lightning conductor earths should be connected to it. This interconnection should be made to the earthing circuit at the closest point to the down conductor. When this is impossible in an existing building, the interconnection should be made to the earth plate. In this case, the interconnecting conductor should be constructed such that no currents are induced in nearby equipment cables. In all cases, the interconnection should include a device that can be disconnected to enable measurements of the resistance of the lightning conductor earth. This device can be made up of either an equipotential connection case fixed to the main wall of the building, or an equipotential bonding bar located in an inspection earth pit.
B disconnectable connection
D test coupling
D : down conductor of a lightning conductor B : entrenched building loop P : lightning conductor earth termination system
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C H A P TE R
11
REQUIRED DISTANCE BETWEEN LIGHTNING CONDUCTOR AND BURIED UTILITIES

The NF C 17-102 and NF C 17-100 standards specify the minimum distances to be observed Buried utilities between the lightning conductor components and buried utilities. Minimum distances (m) Ground resistivity 500 .m
HV electrical conduit Unearthed LV electrical conduit Earth termination system / LV distribution Metal gas pipes 0,5 2 10 2
These distances are applicable only to conduits that are not electrically connected to the buildings main equipotential connection. There are no minimum distance requirements for non-metallic conduits.
Ground resistivity 500 .m

0,5 5 20 5
33
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12
LEVEL I LEVEL II LEVEL III LEVEL IV
INSPECTION/MAINTENANCE
The current standards recommend regular, periodical inspections of the lightning protection system. The following schedules are recommended:
Normal periodicity
2 YEARS 3 YEARS 3 YEARS 4 YEARS
Reinforced periodicity
1 YEAR 2 YEARS 2 YEARS 3 YEARS
In a corrosive atmosphere, the more reinforced periodicity is recommended. A lightning protection system should also be inspected whenever the protection structure is modified, repaired or when the structure has been struck by lightning.
Lightning strikes can be recorded by a lightning strike counter installed on one of the down conductors.
ESE lightning conductor maintenance kit, a unique solution

With its experience of ESE lightning conductor development and special testing processes, Hlita offers a simple and complete solution: a telescopic 8 meter pole supplied with a portable test case to enable simple in situ inspections. The device can be used without dismantling the ESE lightning conductor.
The following aspects of the lightning conductor operation should be inspected (cf NF C 17-102 paragraph 7.2.2 & NFC 17-100 paragraph 4.2.2)
Visual inspection should be conducted to ensure that: no extension or modification of the protected structure necessitates the installation of additional lightning protection, the electrical continuity of visible conductors is good, all component fasteners and mechanical properties are in good condition, no parts have been weakened by corrosion, safety distances are complied with and there are sufficient equipotential bondings that are in satisfactory condition. Any faults identified in a scheduled inspection should be corrected as soon as possible in order to maintain optimal lightning protection. An inspection of this kind should also be conducted on completion of a new lightning protection installation. the earth termination system resistance values (any variation should be analysed) The findings of each scheduled inspection should be recorded in a detailed report stating the required corrective measures. Measurements should be taken to verify the: electrical continuity of the hidden conductors,
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M a t e r i a l
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C H A P TE R
PULSAR EARLY STREAMER EMISSION LIGHTNING CONDUCTORS
INSTALL ATION The advantage of early streamer emission
Return stroke Upward leaders
Meeting point
Upward leaders Pulsar
Meeting point
Pulsar references
725
tip
2 body 3 clamp 4 pole
725
200
3
74 74 74
1080
1080
230
200
60
230
60
260
60
Pulsar 30 Pulsar 45 Pulsar 60
38
1080
260
725
C H A P TE R
PULSAR EARLY STREAMER EMISSION LIGHTNING CONDUCTORS
The early streamer emission concept implemented in the Pulsar lightning conductor delivers a unique gain in efficiency: anticipating the natural formation of an upward leader, the Pulsar generates a leader that propagates rapidly to
capture the lightning stroke and conduct it towards the ground. Successfully demonstrated in laboratory conditions, this triggering time, compared with simple rod lightning conductors, offers critical extra protection.
Radius of protection provided by Pulsar

Level of protection NFC 17-102 Pulsar h(m) 2 3 4 5 6 8 10 15 20 45 60 19 28 38 48 48 49 49 50 50 50 50 25 38 51 63 63 64 64 65 65 65 65 32 48 64 79 79 79 79 80 80 80 80 Pulsar 30 I (D = 20 m) Pulsar 45 Pulsar 60 Pulsar 30 II (D = 45 m) Pulsar 45 Pulsar 60 III (D = 60 m) Pulsar 30 Pulsar 45 Pulsar 60
Radius of protection RP (m) 25 38 50 63 64 65 66 69 71 75 75 32 48 65 81 81 82 83 85 86 90 90 40 59 78 97 97 98 99 101 102 105 105 28 42 57 71 72 73 75 78 81 89 90 36 57 72 89 90 91 92 95 97 104 105 44 65 87 107 107 108 109 111 113 119 120
The level of protection is calculated according to Appendix B of the French standard NF C 17-102. For the Pulsar 60, the 60 s limit adopted for the gain in sparkover time T used to
calculate the radius of protection has been validated in laboratory conditions by Gimelec, the French electrical and electronic equipment manufacturers association.
NOTA : Concerning classified sites for which the coefficient C5=10, radius of protection must be reduced by 40%.
Reference
IMH.3012 IMH.3013 IMH.3022 IMH.3032 IMH.4512 IMH.4513 IMH.4532 IMH.6012 IMH.6013 IMH.6022 IMH.6032
Designation
Pulsar 30 stainless steel 2 M Pulsar 30 stainless steel 3 M Pulsar 30 stainless steel copper 2 M Pulsar 30 stainless steel black 2 M Pulsar 45 stainless steel 2 M Pulsar 45 stainless steel 3 M Pulsar 45 stainless steel black 2 M Pulsar 60 stainless steel 2 M Pulsar 60 stainless steel 3 M Pulsar 60 stainless steel copper 2 M Pulsar 60 stainless steel black 2 M
Length (m)
2,00 3,00 2,00 2,00 2,03 3,03 2,03 2,06 3,06 2,06 2,06
Weight (kg)
5,0 6,5 5,0 5,0 5,3 6,8 5,3 5,7 7,0 5,7 5,7
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C H A P TE R
SIMPLE ROD LIGHTNING CONDUCTORS
INSTALL ATION
PROTECTION OF INDIVIDUAL HOUSES
simple rod conductor
Rp = 10 to 20 m 2m down conductor aerial protection electrical protection test coupling telephone line protection protecting flat equipotential bonding electrical earthing loop lightning conductor earth
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C H A P TE R
SIMPLE ROD LIGHTNING CONDUCTORS
The rods are made of a tapered solid stainless steel tip (L = 0.20 m), a stainless steel mast ( 24/30 mm) and a connecting clamp.
In accordance with standard NF C 17-100 (paragraph 2.3.1.), the protection radii are as follows:
Radius of protection Rp (m) Level of protection H (m) H (m) 2 4 6 8 10 20 I 5 8 10 10 10 10 II 6 10 12 13 14 15 III 9 12 15 17 17 21 IV 11 15 20 21 22 29
H: height of conductor tip above protected surface(s).
Rp: radius of protection in horizontal plane located at a vertical distance h from the conductor tip.
Reference
HPF 1001 HPF 2001
Designation
on 1 m stainless steel mast on 2 m stainless steel mast
L. (m)
1,20 2,20
W. (kg)
2,00 3,50
Other mast heights and finishes on request.
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C H A P TE R
STAINLESS STEEL EXTENSION MA STS
INSTALL ATION
Pulsar
35 HRI 3502
HRI 4204 3,75 m 50 HRI 5002
42
5,50 m
HRI 5006
42 HRI 4202
2 m : IMHxxx2 3 m : IMHxxx3
C H A P TE R
The interlocking extension masts reach a maximum height of 5.75 m, i.e. 7.60 m when equipped with a 2 m lightning conductor. Specially designed to eliminate the use of guying kit.
Material: stainless steel

Delivered complete with hardware and stainless steel connection clamps.
Reference
HRI 3502 HRI 3503 HRI 3515 HRI 4202 HRI 4203 HRI 5002 HRI 4204 HRI 4206 HRI 5006 HRI 5003
Designation
Stainless steel mast 35 / int. 31 Stainless steel mast 35 / int. 31 Stainless steel mast 35 / int. 31 Stainless steel mast 42 / int. 36 Stainless steel mast 42 / int. 36 Stainless steel mast 50 / int. 44 Set of 2 stainless steel masts / int. 44 Set of 2 stainless steel masts / int. 44 Set of 3 stainless steel masts / int. 44 Stainless steel extension mast 50 / int. 44
Length
2m 3m 1,5 m 2m 3m 2m 3,75 m 5,75 m 5,50 m 3m
Weight (kg)
3,4 5,2 2,5 6,4 9,6 7,5 9,8 14,8 17,3 11
MA ST SELECTION GUIDE
France is divided by the NV65 regulations into 4 snow and wind zones (see map overleaf ). These regulations define the maximum wind speed to be considered in each zone.
I - REGION I / REGION II (normal site)

Nominal height
4m 5m 6m 7m 8m
Conductor type
IMH xx 12 IMH xx 13 IMH xx 13 IMH xx 13 IMH xx 12
Mast type
HRI 3502 HRI 3502 HRI 3503 HRI 3502 + HRI 4202 = HRI 4204 HRI 3503 + HRI 4203 = HRI 4206
II - REGION II (exposed site / REGION III )

Nominal height
4m 5m 6m 7m 8m
Conductor type
IMH xx 12 IMH xx 13 IMH xx 12 IMH xx 13 IMH xx 12
Mast type
HRI 3502 HRI 3502 HRI 3502 + HRI 4202 = HRI 4204 HRI 3502 + HRI 4202 = HRI 4204 HRI 3502 + HRI 4202 + HRI 5002 = HRI 5006
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C H A P TE R
AERIAL MA ST SUPPORT
Delivered complete with stainless steel connecting clamp for conductor. With M 30 screw thread to fit PULSAR lightning conductor without pole (overall height 4 meters) Possible heightening by 42 mm mast. Reference (mm) Height (m)
HRI 3530 35 3
Weight (Kg)
5,2
OFFSET RODS FOR INDUSTRIAL CHIMNEY STACKS

Delivered complete with hardware and stainless steel connecting clamp for conductor. To offset a solitary lightning conductor (without extension mast) by 1 m from a chimney stack Assembly: - lightning conductor bolts into right-hand tube - offset rod fitted to chimney stack by two brackets each with two 8 mm drill holes Reference
HRI 3501
Offset (m)
1
Weight (Kg)
5,2
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C H A P TE R
PYLONS
INSTALL ATION
ESE conductor fixture
warning light transmission/reception aerials
solar panel
VLV power 12/24 V
LV power 220/380 V
coaxial cables
stainless steel clamps for down conductor tin-plated Cu flat 30 x 2 mm conductor
earthing clamps test coupling
inspection earth pit earth interconnection duck's foot connector earth rod
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C H A P TE R
PYLONS
SELF C ARRYING PYLONS

Material: hot galvanised steel
These pylons are made of a welded steel lattice with a triangular cross-section. Each element is 3 m in length, except the ground anchoring section (length 3.70 m). Delivered complete with stainless steel hardware and HELITA 35 mast head. The concrete anchorage blocks should be made with concrete in a proportion of 350 kg/m3 and should be calculated for a good ground.
GUYED PYLONS
Material: hot galvanised steel
These pylons are made of a welded steel lattice with a triangular cross-section (centerline distance 175 mm) supplied in lengths of 3 or 6 m. Use: lightning conductors supports for flat roofs. Fibre glass guying (1 set per section). Delivered complete with base and neoprene tile, HELITA 35 mast head, fibre glass and accessories (anchoring clips and stay tighteners) for guying, with bolted anchoring.
SELF-SUPPORTING Height *(m)

9 12 15 18
GUYED Zone III (167 km/h)

HPA 0309 HPA 0312 HPA 0315 HPA 0318
Zone I (136 km/h)

HPA 0109 HPA 0112 HPA 0115 HPA 0118
Zone II (149 km/h)

HPA 0209 HPA 0212 HPA 0215 HPA 0218
Zone IV (183 km/h)

HPA 0409 HPA 0412 HPA 0415 HPA 0418
Zones I and II
HPH 0900 HPH 1200 HPH 1500 HPH 1800 * other sizes on request * technical specifications available * for wind zone V (210 km/h) please consult us
GUYING KIT
Complete kit with: 25 metres of fibre glass cable 6 anchoring clips 3 stay tighteners 3 ring fasteners 1 3-directional clamp 1 base
base
Reference
HKH 0025
Designation
Guying kit
W. (kg)
12
Pulsar
guying ring fiber glass guy stay tightener masts
anchor
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C H A P TE R
L ATERAL FIXTURES
INSTALL ATION
176 mm with HPS 2708 or HPS 2848 341 mm with HPS 2705 or HPS 2845 191 mm
150 mm
150 mm
125 mm or 290 mm
2 bolt holes 11 mm
fixturing depends on wall type: - bolted or embedded in solid walls - M10 bolt in steel frame. lightning conductor ~ = 500 mm
176 mm with HPS 2708 or HPS 2848 341 mm with HPS 2705 or HPS 2845
Pulsar mast stainless steel clamps handrail post down conductor
~ = 200 mm
handrail
extension mast
500 to 1000 mm
300 to 500 mm 300 to 500 mm
~ = 200 mm
150 x 40 mm plate spacing between holes: 120 mm 120 mm 12 mm
273 mm
strip with hook
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C H A P TE R
L ATERAL FIXTURES
Material: galvanised steel

Delivered complete with stainless steel hardware Clamping diameter: 30 to 55 mm
Set of two brackets: used for gable fixing of a lightning conductor with or without a 2 m extension mast. Distance between brackets = 50 cm
BOLTED BRACKETS
Use: bolted fixing for an offset mast on a vertical wall (M 10) Bolt hole diameter: 11 mm Distance between bolt holes: 120 mm. Reference Designation/offset
HPS 2705 HPS 2845 HPS 2708 HPS 2848
W. (kg)
Set of 2 brackets / 290 mm 3,80 Set of 2 brackets / 290 mm 5,70 Set of 2 brackets / 125 mm 2,80 Set of 3 brackets / 125 mm 4,20
SCREW-IN BRACKETS
Use: fixing of a mast along a horizontal or vertical standard section Reference
HPS 2902 HPS 2903
Designation
Set of 2 brackets Set of 3 brackets
W. (kg)
1,6 2,4
OFFSET CL AMPS
Use: fixing of a mast offset from a vertical wall or a horizontal section by means of 10 mm bolts. Reference
HPS 2704 HPS 2844 HPS 2706 HPS 2846
Designation
Set of 2 clamps Set of 3 clamps Set of 2 clamps Set of 3 clamps
Use
Horizontal support Horizontal support Vertical support Vertical support
W. (kg)
3,40 5,10 3,40 5,10
WALL ANCHORS
Use: fixing of a mast embedded in a masonry wall Offset distance: max. 150 mm maxi Embedded distance: min. 150 mm Reference
HPS 2707 HPS 2847
Designation
W. (kg)
2,8 4,2
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C H A P TE R
L ATERAL FIXTURES
OFFSET BRACKETS
Use: fixing of a mast offset from a vertical section Offset distance: max. 190 mm Reference
HPS 2709 HPS 2849
Designation
W. (kg)
3,6 5,4
STEEL HOOPS
Use (HCC 4000-4001): fixing of a mast on a chimney, a concrete mast, etc. (rectangular/square section) - picture 1 Reference
HCC 4000 HCC 4001 HCC 5000 HCC 5001 HFC 4002
Designation
Set of 2 brackets square section Set of 3 brackets square section Set of 2 brackets cylindrical section Set of 3 brackets cylindrical section Coil of steel hoop (25 m)
Clamping (mm)
from 30 to 60 from 30 to 60 250 250
W. (kg)
2,0 3,0
1
2,2 3,3 5,0
Use (HCC 5000-5001): fixing of a mast on a chimney round section (p. 60) - picture 2
WIDE OFFSET BRACKET

Use: bolted fixing of a mast offset from a vertical wall (M 10) Minimum distance between brackets:50 cm to fix a set of masts for a building with a height of 5 m; 1 m for higher buildings Delivered complete with hardware and back plate

Offset distance: 45 cm Distance between bolt holes: 54 cm
Reference
HPS 2710
Designation
Set of 2 brackets
Clamping (mm)
from 30 to 60
W. (kg)
10,5
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C H A P TE R
VERTIC AL FIXTURES
C ARRIAGE BOLT HOLDFA STS

Use: to fix of a single conductor rod (with no extension mast) in timber frameworks or bedding in masonry Reference
HST 2044 HST 2698

Delivered complete with hardware
Designation
Short sup. Long sup.
Effective thread L.
150 mm 150 mm
Effective L. after fixing

0,10 m 1,00 m
Hole
18 mm 18 mm
W. (kg)
1,25 5,90
THREADED BA SES
Use: to fix a conductor to a metal framework. The conductor may be raised by a 35 mm extension mast Reference
HEF 2107 HEF 2313

Delivered complete with hardware
Designation
Conductor base 35 mm ext. mast base
Max. tightening L.
115 mm 150 mm
Thread
30 mm 36 mm
W. (kg)
2,20 4,50
WATER DEFLECTING CONES

Use: to ensure the watertightness in between the roof and the mast when fixing is used under roofing. Cut according to mast diameter (CRE) or welded around mast (CCH). Reference
CRE 2700 CRE 2701 CCH 0113 CCH 0097
Taper opening H. (mm) W. (kg)

6 to 50 mm 50 to 92 mm 29 mm 21 mm 55 85 85 75 0,04 0,07 2 1,6
Material: rubber (CRE) or copper (CCH)

For CCH: rubber thickness 6/10
INDUSTRIAL CHIMNEY BRACKET

Use: to offset a simple rod lihtning conductor (HPF 1001 or HPF 2001) from a chimney stack Reference
HPS 2630
Designation
Stainless steel chimney bracket
W. (kg)
1,3

Delivered complete with stainless steel hardware
SUPPORTING PL ATES / TRIPODS

Use: to fix lightning conductors or elevation masts to flat roofs

Bolt hole diameters: 12 mm
Reference
HPP 4523 TSH 4525
Designation
Plate for 30 to 35 mm tube Tripod for 42 to 50 mm tube
H. (mm)
330 800
Dimensions of base
200 x 200 420 face
Centerline dist.
160 x 160 390 face
W. (kg)
5,5 8,5
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C H A P TE R
VERTIC AL FIXTURES
ADAPTOR SLEEVES
Use: to fix a PULSAR lightning conductor to an existing support with max. 49 mm.
Reference
HMA 5030 HMA 5115
Designation
For Pulsar block For Pulsar masts with Franklin tip (1) (2)
Max. tightening L.
180 mm 180 mm
Diameter (mm)
Thread 30 Tube 30
W. (kg)
1,30 2,30
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C H A P TE R
AIR TERMINALS FOR MESHED C AGES
AIR TERMINAL
Hlita air terminals are designed for easy, rapid installation on a wide range of structures. They are made up of: a cylindrical ( 18 mm) bright nickel-plated copper cylinder tapered at the top and with a threaded lower section. Reference
HPC 3000 HPC 5000
a bright tapped nickel-plated brass base M 10 for the connection and intersection of flat or round conductors. They are adaptable to all fixtures shown below.
Material
Nickel Copper Nickel Copper
L. (m)
0,30 0,50
W. (kg)
1,00 1,50
NB: Different lengths on request.
FIXTURE ACCESSORIES FOR AIR TERMINALS Vertical mounting

Material: tin-plated or galvanised steel
Reference
SSH 5001 STH 5002 EFH 5003
Designation
To bed To bold S/Steel threaded base
Hole (mm)
16 8 10
Length (cm)
10 16 13
W. (kg)
0,120 0,070 0,100
Supporting plates
Fixing: 2 10 mm bolt holes (centerline distance 93 mm)
1 2
Reference
PSH 5002 PSH 5004 SOH 5006 PFH 5000 (1)
Designation
Flat plate PM
Length x width (mm)

50 x 50 120 x 50 120 x 50 250 x 120
W. (kg)
0,100 0,200 0,460 0,500
(2) Flat plate GM (3) Swivelling plate (4) Roof ridge plate
Offset plates
Fixing: by M8 screw
Reference
PDH 5005 PDH 5015
Designation
5 cm offset plate 15 cm offset plate
W. (kg)
0,110 0,200
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C H A P TE R
AIR TERMINALS FOR MESHED C AGES
Adaptor sleeves
Use: to fix air terminals to existing supports (max. 50 mm)
Reference
HMA 5010
Max. tightening L.
100 mm
W. (kg)
0,400
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C H A P TE R
CONDUCTORS
FL AT CONDUCTORS* (sold per meter)

Reference
CPC 2712 CPC 2711 CPA 2715 CPI 2711
Designation
30 x 2 mm strip 30 x 2 mm strip 30 x 3 mm strip 30 x 2 mm strip
Material
Tin-plated copper Red copper Aluminium Stainless steel
W. (kg/m)
0,535 0,535 0,235 0,474
*Other dimensions on request
ROUND CONDUCTORS*
Reference
CRC 6001 CRC 8001 CRC 8000
Designation
6 red copper 8 red copper 8 tin-plated copper
Material
28 mm 50 mm 50 mm
2
W. (kg/m)
0,252 0,450 0,450
FLEXIBLE BRAIDS*
Material: tin-plated copper
Reference
CTC 2714
Dimensions
30 x 3,5 mm
Section
50 mm
2
W. (kg/m)
0,50
PREFORMED BENDS*
Curvature radii to lightning conductor standards Reference
CCP 2716 CCP 8001
We recommend the use of a soldering joint or two special strip flat / flat connections for connecting two bends. Section
60 mm
2
Dimensions
30 x 2 mm 30 x 2 mm
W. (kg)
0,50 0,256
60 mm
SHUNTS
Electrolytically tin-plated flat flexible copper braid with welded eyelet at each end Other lengths and cross-sections available on request
Reference
STP 5030 STP 5050 STP 5075 STP 5100
L. (m)
0,30 0,50 0,75 1,00
Section
50 mm
2
W. (kg)
0,16 0,27 0,40 0,60
50 mm
50 mm2 50 mm2
54
C H A P TE R
9
tile
FL AT AND ROUND CONDUCTOR FA STENERS
INSTALL ATION
30 x 2 strip 150 40 staples tin spot welds gutter gutter clip HPG2679 wall fastener
30 x 2 strip
0 33
Ma
conductor supporting studs
roof strip
roof strip strip 30 x 2 tin welds on zinc roof copper round 6 or 8 mm 330 max 12 65
30 x 2 or 30 x 3 strip
riveted or screw-in stainless steel clips HBI 2703 or HBI 2704
330 max. steel cladding
55
C H A P TE R
TILE AND SL ATE STAPLES

For 30 mm wide strip To prevent the staple sliding, tack weld the strip to the staple Reference
HAA 2701 HAA 2641 HAA 2672
L.
0,09 m 0,20 m 0,30 m
W. (kg)
0,020 0,047 0,070
CLIPPED TILE FA STENERS

Material: tin-plated copper strip saddle
25 x 1 mm
HAA 2673 (1) 0,175 m grey copper 0,040 0,045 0,045
Reference
L.
W. (kg)
1
Clips: stainless steel. Used for fixing a 30 mm strip to all types of slate of unbedded roofing tiles PVC: grey or red copper
HAR 2745 (1) HAR 2746 (2)
METAL ROOF CLIPS

For 30 mm strip For welding on to the roof and the strip, but can be fixed with copper rivets. Reference
HBZ 2702
Dimensions (mm)
65 x 12
W. (kg)
0,005
RUBERALU BRACKETS FOR FL AT ROOF WITH WATERPROOFING

Material: bituminised aluminium
For 30 mm wide strip These brackets are attached by hot-melt gluing Reference
HBR 2717
Dimensions (mm)
150 x 40
W. (kg)
0,020
RUBERALU BAND
Material: bituminised aluminium
Fixed by hot-melt gluing Length: 7 m roll Reference
HBR 1500
W. (mm)
150
Th. (mm)
3
W. (kg)
4
56
C H A P TE R
CONDUCTOR SUPPORTING STUDS

Material: black synthetic exterior filled
with cement (except HPV 2771 which is hollow). Eliminates the need to drill through waterproofing to attach the conductor. Can be glued with neoprene glue. Height: 8 cm Reference
HPV 2771
Designation
Hollow stud
Use
8 mm conductor 30 x 2 mm conductor Cable raceway 8 mm conductor 30 x 2 mm conductor 8 mm conductor 30 x 2 mm conductor
W. (kg)
0,16
HPB 2772
Solid stud (clip)
1,29
HPB 2773
Solid stud (ruberalu bracket)
1,00
HOOK FOR MA SONRY WALLS

Fixing: on masonry by driving into lead dowels Reference
HCM 2704 HCM 2703 HCM 2702 HCM 2706 HCC 2696
For flat strip
Designation
Hook 30 mm Hook 40 mm Hook 50 mm Hook 30 mm Dowel
Material
Galvanised steel Galvanised steel Galvanised steel Stainless steel Lead
W. (kg)
0,014 0,020 0,026 0,020 0,003
MA SONRY FIXTURES
For 30 mm wide strip; supplied with wood screw Reference
HCL 2642 SCP 3000 (1) (2) (1)
W. (kg)
0,020 0,046 0,015
Material: brass
For round conductors; supplied with wood screw
HCL 2641
Material: copper
57
C H A P TE R
PVC FIXTURES
Fixing: on 30 mm wide strip with isolation from supporting material (screw-hole spacing 15 mm) Colour: grey HAP for flat conductors; HAR for round conductors Reference
HAR 2845 HAR 2846 HAR 2445 HAR 2446
Reference
HAP 3001 HAP 3002
Adaptation
Sole M 8 Dowel 8
W. (kg)
0,024 0,024
Colour
Grey Copper Grey Copper
Use
Masonry Masonry Adapts to thread M 8 Adapts to thread M 8
W. (Kg)
0,016 0,016 0,007 0,007
STAINLESS STEEL CLIPS

For fixing a flat strip conductor Fixed with pop rivets or screws ( 4 mm) not supplied 5 mm drill hole for waterproof cladding clips Reference Designation
HCB 4240 HBI 2703 HBI 2704 HRP 2705 HRP 2706 HRP 2707 Clips for waterproof cladding Stainless steel clips for 30 x 2 Stainless steel clips for 30 x 3
W. (kg)
0,005 0,002 0,002
50 aluminium waterproof pop rivets 4 0,1 50 copper rivets 4 50 stainless steel clips 4 0,1 0,1
WATERPROOF FIXING ON CL ADDING

Fixing: on cladding and roofs of galvanised or thermo-lacquered steel plate (ref. FDT 0045) Fixing: on tiles or fibrocement (ref. FDT 0046) Fixed entirely from outside and guaranteeing perfect watertightness. May be equipped with a bakelite insulator Drill hole : 10 mm
Reference
FDT 0045 FDT 0046 HAR 2545 HAR 2546 HAR 2945
Use
Metal cladding Dowel L. 15 mm Tiles or cement fibre Dowel L. 25 mm Metal cladding (grey) Metal cladding (copper) Round conductor 8 mm for cladding/fibrocement
W. (kg)
0,03 0,04 0,017 0,017 0,02
FDT for flat conductors; HAR for round conductors
INSUL ATING SUPPORTS

Fixing: strip on timber framework or thatch Reference Insulator H (mm) Thread W. (kg)
HIS 6000 35 6 mm 8 mm 8 mm 0,05 0,05 0,05
Material: bakelite
Supplied complete with wood screws HIS for flat conductors; HAR for round conductors
HAR 2645 grey HAR 2646 copper
58
C H A P TE R
ANGLE BRACKETS
Fixing: flat or round conductors along a metal sectional part Reference
HPC 2773
Spacing
12 mm max
W. (kg)
0,05
Material: zinc-coated steel
SWIVELLING ANGLE BRACKET

Fixing of a round conductor on to an angle with a max. thickness of 11 mm, enabling the conductor to be routed either parallel or perpendicular to the support. Reference
PCP 2500
Designation
Galvanised support 8
W. (kg)
0,140
GUTTER BRACKETS
Use: to inter connect gutters where they are in contact with conductors Reference
HPG 2679
W. (kg)
0,09
Material: tin-plated steel

For round 8 mm conductors and 30 mm wide strips
STAINLESS STEEL CL AMPS

Use: to clamp a conductor to a special part Reference
HCI 2419 HCI 2420 HCI 2421
Tightening (mm)
30 to 50 40 to 70 60 to 100
W. (kg)
0,015 0,020 0,025
COIL OF STAINLESS STEEL TAPE

Use: to fix a conductor to a standard section of > 100 mm using a crimping tool Reference Designation W. (kg)
HFP 2640 Stainless steel tape 10 x 0,7 (50 m) 2,0
HFP 2650 Stainless steel tape 20 x 0,7 (50 m) 4,0 HCP 2641 50 tightening clips 10 mm HCP 2651 5 tightening clips 20 mm PINCE 0001 Crimping tool 0,2 0,05 1,5
59
C H A P TE R
10
FL AT AND ROUND CONDUCTOR CONNECTIONS
COUPLING STRIPS
Use: for coupling or crossing two conductors without riveting. The standard models accommodate 30 mm wide strips and rounds with 6 and 8 mm. These can be equipped with different types of fasteners. The multiple model also enables crossings of round conductors. The special strip model only accommodates flat strips.
4 5 6 1 2 3
Reference
BRP 2680 BRC 2780 BRC 2783 BRC 2784 BRC 2785 BRX 3780 BRH 2779 BRC 2781 BRI 2779 (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9)
Designation
Galvanised steel standard coupling Copper standard coupling Copper standard coupling for masonry Copper standard coupling for cladding Copper standard coupling for fibre-cement Copper multiple coupling Special copper coupling for strip 30 x 2 and 8 mm line coupling Special stainless steel coupling for strip
W. (kg)
0,300 0,210 0,220 0,220 0,220 0,300 0,200 0,204 0,202
CONNECTORS FOR ROUND CONDUCTORS

Material: uncoated or tin-plated brass
Reference
PRC 6000 PRC 8000 PRM 6000 PRM 8000 PRT 6000 PRT 8000 PRX 6000 PRX 8000
Designation
Lug with offset base Lug with offset base Sleeve Sleeve Tee Tee Cross Cross (1) (1) (2) (2) (3) (3) (4) (4)
tightening (mm)
6 8 6 8 6 8 6 8
W. (Kg)
0,030 0,050 0,030 0,050 0,040 0,060 0,045 0,065
2 4 1
SCREW-IN COUPLINGS FOR ROUND CONDUCTORS

Material: die-cast brass or copper (HRC)
The HAR 2744 coupling is supplied with a lug with a wood screw Reference
HRC 8010 HCT 6080 HAR 2844 HRC 6080 HRC 6180
The HCT 6080 crossing lug is drilled for 11 mm
Designation
Line coupling Crossing lug Tee coupling - line cross Multiple coupling Multiple coupling (1) (2)
tightening (mm)
8 to 10 6 to 8 8 8 6
W. (Kg)
0,075 0,075 0,080 0,120 0,050
60
C H A P TE R
11
150 kA.
LIGHTNING STROKE COUNTER
This counter is a standard down conductor fitting and records each passing lightning stroke with a current in the range 0.4 kA to
Connection
The CCF 4045 counter is connected as a standard fitting on the down conductor above the test coupling and always at a height of 2 m above ground level (NF C 17-102) The counter is available in two versions: Rf. CCF 4045: the counter is supplied with a connector for 30 x 2 mm flat strip conductors Rf. CCJ 4008: the counter is supplied with a connector for 30 x 2 mm flat strip conductors and a standard test coupling specially adapted to 10 mm conductors.
Operation
Mounted as a standard fitting on the down conductor, this counter uses the current induced in a secondary circuit to activate an electromechanical counter. It has been tested in High Voltage laboratories and in situ.
Characteristics
Minimum trip threshold: 0.4 kA (4/10 s)
For 8 or 10 mm round conductors, Dimensions: 80 x 120 x 170 mm Weight: 1.570 kg Protection level: IP 67 Service temperature: - 20C to + 60C Connection terminals: tin-plated copper 10 mm ECM conformity ref. HRC 8010 connectors (not supplied) should be used.
Fixing
The CCF 4045 counter can be fixed: to a wall using M4 screws, to a steel section using two 20 mm wide steel clips
Use / monitoring
Lightning counter users should maintain a register in which the initial counter display is recorded along with the results of the subsequent periodical measurements.
Reference
CCF 4045 CCJ 4008 HRC 8010
Designation
Lightning stroke conductor with 2 flat conductor connectors Combination lightning stroke conductor / test coupling Line coupling for round conductor 8 to 10 mm
Weight (kg)
1,6 2,1 0,15
61
62
C H A P TE R
12
EARTH COUPLING ACCESSORIES
INSTALL ATION
EARTH WITH INSPECTION EARTH PIT lead dowel down conductor strip hook
test coupling
stainless steel protecting flat protecting flat 30 x 2 strip earth equipotential bar connected to earth building loop
RVH3073 earth pit
6 to 9 m
test coupling
duck's foot connector 45
45
connection lug
2 m earth rod
NB: the earth termination installation is covered by a red or orange warning grid
63
C H A P TE R
12
TEST COUPLING
Enables the disconnection of the conductors for insulation and earthing measurements Guarantee perfect conductivity; low impedance Fixed by brackets with wood or metal screws, etc. Marking to NF C 17- 100 and NF C 17-102 standards It is possible to customize your own logo (min. qty: 100) Reference
JCH 2708
Material: die-cast brass

No need to drill the conductors. Accommodate 6 and 8 mm round conductors and 30 x 2 or 30 x 3 mm flat conductors
Dimensions (mm)
70 x 50 x 20
W. (kg)
0,39
PROTECTING FL ATS AND TUBES

2 m galvanised steel flats or tubes to protect the down conductors against mechanical impact. Generally placed between the test coupling and the ground. Delivered complete with 2 clamps (bracket, wood screw) Reference Designation
TPH 2705 HTP 2782 TPH 2768 HTP 6827 Protecting flat for strip Clamp for TPH 2705 Protecting tube for round Clamp for TPH 2768
W. (kg)
1 0,035 1,2 0,045
INSPECTION EARTH PIT

Used to house the test coupling at ground level, the earth rod connections or earth interconnections The RVH 3073 and RVH 3074 models are equipped with a copper bar enabling the interconnection of 3 conductors or 2 conductors and a test coupling. Reference
RVH 3071 RVH 3072 RVH 3073 RVH 3074
3 2
Material
Cast iron Yellow polyester concrete Yellow polyester concrete with bar Grey PVC
Dim. (mm)
ext. 190 (1) 350 x 250 (2) 350 x 250 300 x 300 (3)
W. (kg)
2,4 13,00 14,50 3,3
INTERCONNECTION BOX FOR EQUIPOTENTIAL BONDING

These boxes are fixed to the bottom of the down conductor and enable easy, accessible interconnection and disconnection of the lightning conductor earth and the buildings entrenched loop. They are made of a galvanised steel cover over a copper bar mounted on two insulators enabling the connection of 2 conductors. Delivered complete with wood screw brackets and earth identification labels. 2 lugs with offset bases (PRC 8000) are supplied to enable the BLH 2709 to be used with round conductors. Reference
BLH 2707 BLH 2709
Dimensions (mm)
150 x 65 x 65 150 x 65 x 65
W. (kg)
0,550 0,650
64
C H A P TE R
12
References
PSH 2708 PSH 2709 PSH 3701 PSH 3702 PSH 3703
IDENTIFIC ATION PL ATES

Material: aluminium
Back letters on yellow ground. Used to mark conductors on their path or at the interconnection points.
Text
Lightning conductor earth Surge arrester earth Lightning conductor earth Building earth Tower earth
Design
Triangular Triangular Circular Circular Circular
Dimensions (mm)
100 x 100 x 100 100 x 100 x 100 Diameter 30 Diameter 30 Diameter 30
EARTHING SELF
Device placed on the connection between two earths to limit the risk of transmission of a fault current from one to the other Reference
HSA 3073
Dimensions (mm)
200 x 100 x 70
W. (kg)
1,2
Technical characteristics
Inductivity: 20 H d.c. resistance: 1,5 m Resonance frequency: 10 MHz
65
C H A P TE R
13
strip tightening
SURFACE EARTHING
DUCKS FOOT CONNECTORS

Zinc-plated, die-cast brass parts enabling the connection of three or four strands of tin-plated copper 30 x 2 mm conductor
1
Reference
RPO 2840 (1)
Dimensions (mm)
85 - thickn. 30
W. (kg)
0,80
Variable strand angles Perfect electrical conductivity and strong
EARTH GRIDS
Earth grids are made of solid red copper with a mesh size of 115 x 40 mm Reference Dimensions (m) Thickness W. (kg)
GMD 6692 0.66 x 0.92 GMD 1020* 1.00 x 2.00 *Other dimensions on request 3 mm 4 mm 3,80 8,40
TEREC
The addition of this product to the soil used to fill in around an earth connection considerably reduces the resistance value. This conductive material combines several properties that dissipate electronic, electrical fault current and lightning currents. Packaged in 20 kg pail.
Reference
HTS 4020
Description (m)
0,30 x 0,29 x 0,38
W. (kg)
20
66
C H A P TE R
14
EARTHING WITH RODS
INSTALL ATION
EARTH WITH INSPECTION EARTH PIT 30 x 2 strip CRH 4020 earth rod clamp
earth rod stainless steel clips protecting flat
30 x 2 strip 0,5 m 0,5 m earth equipotential bar connected to entrenched building loop 1 to 2 m ~3 m RVH3073 earth pit
test coupling
earth rod clamp
~3 m
2 m earth rod
NB: the earth termination installation is covered by a red or orange warning grid
67
C H A P TE R
14
EARTHING WITH RODS
GALVANISED STEEL EARTH RODS*

Resistance welded tubes, hot-galvanised on external and internal surfaces. Preformed pointed tips, reinforced for enhanced soil penetration Resistant to impacts when driving in Fitted with removable connection lug Reference external (mm)
PVB 2110 PVB 2115 21 21
L. (m) W. (kg)
1,00 1,50 1,25 1,80
SELF-EXTENSIBLE EARTH RODS*

High resistance steel tube either 20 mm hot-galvanised or 19 mm with 250 electrolytically plated copper. One-piece point The use of a reusable treated steel snap tool is compulsory to protect the rod head when driving in. * Patented interlocking system without sleeve (pullout strength: 3,500 to 6,000 kg)
Reference
PCA 1910 HCM 0019 PVB 2010 BMA 0019 BMA 0020
Designation
Steel copper rod 19 ; L. 1 m Conical sleeve of linkage for PCA 1910 Galvanised steel rod 20 ; L. 1 m Manual snap tool 19 Manual snap head 20
W. (kg)
2,1 0,17 2,4 0,3 0,3
EARTH ROD CL AMPS

Material: die-cast brass
Movable on rods Reference
CRA 0015 (1) CRA 0019 (2) CRA 0020 (3) CRH 4020 (4) CRH 3020
The CRH 4020 clamp enables two strips to cross

2 4 1
for rod (mm)

15 19 20 15 to 20 15 to 20
Conductor cross-section (mm )

35 ( 7) 50 ( 8) 80 ( 10) 60 (30 x 2 strip) 60 (30 x 2 strip)
W. (kg)
0,06 0,09 0,10 0,15 0,20
* Other dimensions available on request
68
C H A P TE R
14
EARTHING WITH RODS
COPPERBOND RODS *
Steel core specially designed to give the rod rigidity and flexibility: the outer envelope has a constant thickness guaranteed along the entire length of the rod: perfect steel/copper contact. High corrosion resistance in the ground due to a 250 thickness of electrolytically plated copper. All models have chamfered base. The conical point is machined (neither heated nor stamped). Available in two versions, standard and extendable. Rods are designed to support manual and mechanical driving into the ground. Manual snap tools (BMA 0015 and BMA 0019) should be used to drive in the standard rods. Strike heads (HFT 0015 and HTF 0019) screwed on to the sleeves should be used for the extendable rods. The extendable rods are threaded at each end to enable connection by brass sleeve couplings. These are designed to guarantee the contact at the rod tip with the end of the preceding rod.
Reference
PCS 1520 PCS 1920 PCA 1515 PCA 1915 HMF 0015 HMF 0019 HTF 0015 HTF 0019 BMA 0015 BMA 0019
Designation
Standard copperbond rod Standard copperbond rod Extendable copperbond rod Extendable copperbond rod
L. (m)
2,10 2,10 1,50 1,50
actual (mm)
14,5 17,5 14,5 17,5 -
nominal (mm)
15,90 19,05 -
W. (kg)
2,67 3,94 1,91 2,81 0,10 0,25 0,15 0,15 0,35 0,30
Threaded sleeve coupling 15 mm Threaded sleeve coupling 19 mm Strike head 15 mm Strike head 19 mm Manual snap tool 15 mm Manual snap tool 19 mm -
*other dimensions on request
STAINLESS STEEL RODS

Self-extendable In some soils rich in chloride (coastal areas, marshes, former salt lakes, etc.), the use of steel or copper rods is inadvisable. Reference
PIA 1620 PIA 1610 CRI 3016
Stainless steel rods are recommended for these environments. Lug with 95 mm2 tightening capacity.
Designation
Stainless steel rod Stainless steel rod Terminal for round conductors
L. (m)
2 1 -
Diameter (mm)
16 16 -
W. (kg)
3 1,45 0,13
69
C H A P TE R
15
CONTROL AND MEA SUREMENT INSTRUMENTS FOR EARTHING INSTALL ATIONS
DIGITAL EARTH TEST SET

Battery-powered and watertight the ACA 6423 is a device that is easy to use and has been designed for operation in the field. On all installations requiring the qualification of electrical or lightning conductor earths, using traditional earth rod methods, the ACA 6423 measures the earth resistance.
Measurement characteristics
Measurement validated by self-diagnostics Measurement point capacity: 0 to 2000 points with three measurement ranges: Measurement range
0,00.to.19,99 20,00.to.199,9 200,0.to.1999
Resolution
0,01 0,1 1
Measured current
10 mA 1 mA 0,1 mA
Precision
2%L 1 pt 2%L 1pt 2%L 3pt
Measurement frequency: 128 Hz Off-load voltage: 42 V crest Conditions of use: -10 to +55C / 20 to 90% HR Response time: 4 to 8 s depending on measurement conditions
Other characteristics
Powered by 8 R6 1.V alkaline batteries Constantly monitored battery operation for 1,800 measurements of 15 s Device protected by HPC fuse Watertight case IP 54 Dimensions (L x w x h): 238 x 136 x 150 mm. Weight: around 1,3 kg Reference
ACA 6423 ACA 1824
Conformity with standards

Electrical safety: backed-up apparatus insulation, compliant IEC 1010 Electromagnetic compatibility: EN 50081-1, EN 50082-1
Designation
Digital earth test set Accessory set (3 leads + 2 rods)
Weight (kg)
1,3 4,4
DIGITAL EARTH AND RESISTIVIT Y TEST SET

All the characteristics of the ACA 6425 are identical to the ACA 6423, but 4 terminals Reference
ACA 6425 ACA 1825
can be used to measure the resistivity and earth coupling. Weight (kg)
1,3 6,0
Designation
Digital earth and resistivity test set Accessory set (4 leads + 4 rods)
70
C H A P TE R
15
HIGH FREQENC Y GROUND TEST SET AC A 9500

The High Frequency ground test set ACA 9500 is a self powered and easily carried impedance analyser that measure automatically the R ( resistance), Z (impedance) and X (Imaginary impedance) of a ground system or a ground loop on a bandwidth from 10 Hz to 1 MHz. This test set permits to improve the present measurement standards by introducing the frequency response to a discharge current impulse. The spectral energy of a lightning stroke current can reach 1 MHz, so it is important to know the capability of a ground system to leak off the current these frequencies for better protection of the equipment connected to it. Derived from the WENNER and SCHLUMBERGER methods the ACA 9500 applies a sinusoidal voltage between the ground system ( to be measured) and an injection stake via a resistor to measure the current, an auxiliary stake permits to measure the voltage. It is the frequency application of the Ohm law. Accessories case including Cables and resistor measure 2 stakes Sledge hammer Power pack 90 to 240V-AC / 12,6 volts 1 software floppy PC/ACA 9500 1 RS232 cable( PC/ACA 9500) 1 RS232 USB adapter 1 user and presentation manual This new product is improved thanks to his injected voltage which is superior than the other similar product. Consequently, measure are possible and more precise in high resistivity ground. The measure is possible even with parasite tension or important earth current because of the synchronised demodulation used in the ACA 9500.
Technical characteristics
Frequency range: 10 Hz to 1 MHz Measure points capacity: 20 points in logarythm dispersion Resistance and impedance capability: 0 to 999 (maximum error 2%) Injected voltage: 8 volts peak to peak Measure cables length: Possible injection up to 24 meters from the ground system Temperature range: 0 to + 40C Memory capacity: 40 last measures automatically stored on Flash memories Sweep time: Around 5 minutes for 20 points Transfer between PC and ACA 9500 USB Link adapter, RS232 Power supply: Internal battery with external AC charger Autonomy: 8 hours of use Dimensions / weight: 270 x 245 x 170 mm / 3.5Kg General protection: IP 65 open, IP 67 closed
71
C H A P TE R
15
PULSAR LIGHTNING CONDUCTOR TESTING KIT

The testing kit enables a contact with the Pulsar tip, the tester being connected to the bottom of the pole and to the down conductor. It tests the Pulsar electronics by activating the high-voltage generator. Reference
PMH 0800
Designation
8 m testing kit with case
Length
8m
Weight
6 kg
GRIP FOR EARTH LOOP MEA SUREMENT

An active aspect of all electrical protection, earthing is generally achieved by several connections to the equipotential plane (on the surface of the ground) forming a number of loops. The grip is especially useful for measuring the earths of meshed cages. Measurement frequency: 2400 Hz In addition to the traditional measurements of continuity and earths, the earth grip offers the advantage of offering rapid and totally safe inspection (the electrical installation remains constantly connected to the earth even during testing). Reference
ACA 6410
Electrical characteristics
Conformity with EN 61010-2-032 standards Dual insulation, class 2 150 V, cat. Ill, poll. degree 2 Max. overvoltage: 100 A AC constant
Battery operation: with 9 V alkaline battery (Cd/Ni batteries supported): 1,500 measurements x 30 s
Designation
Earth loop measurement grip
Weight (kg)
1,3
General characteristics
Clamping diameter: 32 mm Operating temperature: -10 to + 55C Storage temperature: -30 to + 70C Relative humidity: 0 to 75% IP 30, in accordance with EN 60529 standard Dimensions: 235 x 100 x 55 mm Supplied in a carrying case with a 9 V battery and handbook.
72
C H A P TE R
16
ANTENNA MA ST ARRESTER
Use: temporary grounding of an antenna mast in the event of a lightning impact. In normal circumstances, the arrester insulates the antenna from the earth, but also from the lightning protection system in the event of a lightning strike. The arrester can also be used to earth metallic structures such as pylons, motor chassis, roof equipment, etc... delivered complete with clamp for mast attachment Reference
EAH 4005
Characteristics
dynamic excitation: < 1800 V static excitation voltage: < 1100 V nominal discharge current: 25 kA dimensions: 280 x 45 x 30 mm
Designation
Antenna mast arrester
W. (kg)
0,400
EARTHING KIT
Use: earthing of screened coaxial cables. These connections must be located close to the antenna and the foot of the tower, at the entrance to the building. Reference
HKT 0334 HKT 6471 HKT 4562 HKT 0332 HKT 2051 HKT 0333 HKT 2050
The maximum distance between two connections must be less than 30 m. Tested at 150 kA
Designation
Earthing kit for 11 mm cable Earthing kit for 16 mm cable Earthing kit for 28 mm cable Earthing kit for 40 mm cable Connection strip 5 kits for coaxial Earthing kit for 9,5mm cable Earthing kit for 50 mm cable
W. (kg)
0,250 0,300 0,325 0,350 0,290 0,200 0,400
CUT-OFF AND EQUIPOTENTIAL TERMINAL BCH

Cut-off terminal for earthing network. Supported current: 50 A Fixing: with dowels and screw-in bracket Supplied with 2 lugs for 28 to 75 mm cables
BCP
1
This cut-off terminal is specially designed for telecommunication towers. Fixing: by soldering or hoops on the tower frame. Enables the disconnection of the lightning conductor earth and the interconnection with the building and tower earths.
Reference
BCP 2710 (1) BCH 2709 (2)
Designation
Cut-off and equipotential terminal for pylons Cut-off terminal
W. (kg)
0,9 0,3
73
74
C H A P TE R
17
Reference
HCG 2718 HCG 2694 HCG 2720 HCG 2741
ROOF ORNAMENTS
Mounted on bronze roller (roosters, weathervanes, sockets) For rod with 30 mm external (fits on to Hlita lightning conductor)
ROOSTER
Designation
With ball With ball Standard Standard
Material
Tin-plated copper Copper Tin-plated copper Copper
L. (m)
0,83 0,83 0,57 0,57
W. (kg)
5,0 5,0 4,3 4,3
WEATHERVANES
Reference
HGF 2719 HGF 2695
Material
Tin-plated copper Copper
L. (m)
0,60 0,60
W. (kg)
1,50 1,50
C ARDINAL POINTS
Reference
HPC 2116 HPC 2865
Material
Tin-plated copper Copper
L. (m)
0,60 0,60
W. (kg)
0,80 0,80
SOCKETS
Use: to adapt roosters to Hlita lightning conductors Reference
HFG 5800
Material
Copper
L. (m)
0,43
W. (kg)
1,50
75
C H A P TE R
18
Name: Adress: Zip code: Tel:
PRELIMINARY LIGHTNING PROTECTION STUDY
YOUR CONTACT
....................................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................................................ ............................................
City:
...................................................
Country:
..............................................
....................................................
Fax: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . email: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
NAME OF THE INSTALL ATION TO BE PROTECTED:

City:
...................................................
........................................................................
Country:
..............................................
T YPE OF BUILDING:
Buiding completed
(use, type of product, stocked or manufactured) Building under construction

roof height
........................................................................
building height width length length
building height width
building height: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . length: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . width: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
roof height: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . building height: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . length: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . width: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
F roof height
width
building height length
roof height: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . building height: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
length: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . width: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . E: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . F: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
76
C H A P TE R
18
ROOF FACADE
PRELIMINARY LIGHTNING PROTECTION STUDY
CONSTRUCTION
STRUCTURE metal terrace wood wood slate stone coated concrete tiles concrete concrete other zinc bricks soil
............................................................................
everit aluminium other
aluminium
other
..................
other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
FLOOR COVERING TYPE
.........................................................
INDIVIDUAL ELEMENTS
Is there any ? roof aerial metal elements gas service pipe electrical wires on the main wall general earth - connection (belting) - connection with spike value of the electric earthing:
....................................
number: number:
............................ ............................
height: type:
.................................
...................................
RISK EVALUATION COEFFICIENTS (NF C17-102 Annex B)

Relative structure location structure located within a space containing structures or trees of the same height or taller or structure surrounded by smaller structures or isolated structure: no other structure within a distance of 3 H or isolated structure on a hilltop or headland STRUCTURE : metal common flammable Structure coefficcient ROOF : metal common flammable
STRUCTURE CONTENTS
no value and non-flammable or standard value or normally flammable or high value or particularly flammable or exceptionnel value, or highly flammable, explosive
STRUCTURE OCCUPANC Y
unoccupied or normally occupied or difficult evacuation or risk of panic
LIGHTNING CONSEQUENCE
service continuity not required, and no consequences on the environment or service continuity required and no consequences on the environment or consequences on the environment
THANKS TO ATTACH DOCUMENTS USEFUL FOR THIS STUDY (drawings, pictures or sketch)
77
Surge arrester information sheet

POWER SUPPLY
Main distribution board
230 V single phase (2 wires) 400 V three phase + neutral (4 wires) 400 V three phase (3 wires) ground wire in the enclosure YES NO MCB rating : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A presence of RCD set to
............
mA TT TNS IT TNC
wiring of neutral
cross section of the groundwire: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . mm2
type of equipment connected to the main distribution board: industrial equipment
...............................................................................................
without automate
with automate NO
sensitive equipment, computer, medical equipment presence of an UPS YES
Sub distribution boards (fill up one information sheet per distribution board)
230 V single phase (2 wires) 400 V three phase (4 wires) 400 V three phase (3 wires) ground wire in the enclosure YES NO cross section of the ground wire . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . mm2 MCB / switch rating
....................................
this distribution board is connected to the equipment: - ordinary - computer - other power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . W
- medical or very sensitive
Telecom or datalines
number of outside lines:
...................................
type of line :
................................................. ........................................
number of fax lines: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . number of modems: number of current loops: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . signal voltage: signal current:
............................................ .......................................... .......................................
mA HZ
signal frequency:
Protection of a coaxial cable by sparh gap or quarter wave

impedance: terminals: application: frequency:
.....................
50 Ohms N reception
75 Ohms BNC emission
other: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7/16 power: F TNC TV other: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
..........................................W
MHz or bandwidth: critical
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hz
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hz
importance de la liaison :
normal
78
Member of ABB Group
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Imprimerie BRAILLY - Rf. 15176 - 09/2005
22, rue du 8 Mai 1945 95340 Persan France Tel: +33 (0)1 30 28 60 50 Fax: +33 (0)1 30 28 60 24

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Direct Lightning protection

Lightning conductors range

Member of ABB Group

LIGHTNING MECHANISM AND LOC ATION

MECHANISM OF A LIGHTNING STROKE

LIGHTNING MECHANISM AND LOC ATION

THE EFFECTS OF LIGHTNING

ALTITUDE (m) 150

Fig. 1: Timing diagram of a lightning stroke

downward leader return stroke

I- PROTECTION AGAINST DIRECT LIGHTNING STROKE

I-1 / Simple rod lightning conductors

I-2 / Early streamer emission (ESE) lightning conductors

Triggering time of an ESE lightning conductor

The early streamer emission concept

I-3 / Meshed cages

I-4 / Stretched wires

II- PROTECTION AGAINST INDIRECT LIGHTNING STROKE EFFECTS

interconnection with building loop

III- EQUIPOTENTIAL BONDING DEFECTS

LIGHTNING PROTECTION STUDY

LIGHTNING RISK EVALUATION

1 - Expected frequency Nd of direct lightning strikes on a structure

2 - Tolerable frequency Nc of lightning strikes to the structure

PROTECTION LEVEL SELECTION

Corresponding level of protection NFC 17-100 December 1997

Corresponding level of protection NFC 17-102 July 1995

LIGHTNING PROTECTION STUDY

PROTECTION DEVICE DEFINITION

SIMUL ATION OF NATURAL CONDITIONS

h ESE LABORATORY EARTH SRC

ESE LIGHTNING CONDUCTOR TRIGGERING TIME C ALCUL ATION

Other recordings or measurements

Triggering time of a simple rod lightning conductor

Triggering time of An ESE lightning conductor

NATURAL LIGHTNING EXPERIMENTAL SITE

EXPERIMENTAL ARTIFICIAL LIGHTNING TRIGGERING SITES

A SOFTWARE PACK AGE DEDIC ATED TO THE NF C 17-102 STANDARD

A TECHNIC AL SERVICE AT YOUR DISPOSAL

FIELD TECHNICIANS THROUGHOUT FRANCE AND A WORLDWIDE DEALER NETWORK

INSTALL ATION GUIDE

Early streamer emission lightning conductor

lateral brackets Pulsar lightning conductor

rubberalu clamps 6 or 8 mm copper round tape 30 x 2 or

conductor supporting stud tape 30 x 2 hook

lightning stroke counter

INSTALL ATION GUIDE

30 x 2 roof copper tape 30 x 2 copper tape down conductor

30 x 2 tape 30 x 2 tape hook

lightning stroke counter

down conductor hook

LIGHTNING C APTURE DEVICES

LIGHTNING C APTURE DEVICES

SPECIAL C A SES TV or transmission / reception aerials

made using a clamp fixed to the foot of the

ESE lightning conductor

Simple rod lightning conductor

The down conductor is then fixed below the ornaments.

ESE lightning conductor

ESE conductor base

LIGHTNING C APTURE DEVICES

Protection level NF C 17-100