BRINCH HANSEN'S METHOD FOR LATERALLY LOADED PILES

There is an explanation of the Brinch Hansen method starting on page 224 of the 4th edition of M.J.Tomlinson's book "Pile D
This spreadsheet implements the Brinch Hansen method for calculating;- depth of rotation
- bending moments in the pile
- forces on the pile over its height
for a laterally loaded pile embedding in soil.
The only worksheet it is necessary to work with is the "Input & Ouput" worksheet. Enter values in the yellow boxes.
Enter the horizontal force that is to be applied at the pile head, and the height above the ground surface at which this forc

The pile length and diameter are required. In the green box enter an initial value for the depth about which you might reason
solve button" this value will be changed to
This spreadsheet is designed to work where the soil is in two distinct strata known as the "upper soil" and the "bottom soil"
The "upper soil" is divided into 10 horizontal slices and each slice is analysed in accordance with Brinch
changed.
Enter the depth at which the soil type changes. This value must not exceed the length of the pile.

The "bottom soil" may be divided into up to a maximum of 10 slices. It is possibly easiest and best to leave this as 10 unless

For each of these two soil strata soil properties c', phi' and gamma should be entered. There is also a space where the varia
The last step is to click on the yellow and red "Press to solve" button at the top right hand side of the screen. This will r
into equilibrium by adjusting the depth about which rotation of the pile is considered to occur.

If the "Press to solve" button does not run the macro then it may be because the worksheet macros are disabled. The works
set to "high".
If the depth about which rotation of the pile goal seeks to a value that exceeds the length of the pile then the soil fails.
In the brown/orange cells the moments and forces on the pile can be read off against depth.
Internal workings of the spreadsheet

Users of this spreadsheet only need concern themselves with the worksheet titled "Input & Output", however there are 4 oth

On sheets "Kq" and "Kc" are tables and graphs which contain the values for the Brinch Hansen co-efficients Kq and Kc. The
soil angle of friction, phi.

The two "interpolation" sheets take the values of Z/B and phi from the "Input & Output" sheet (in the grey cells) and calcula
the values on the tables on sheets "Kq" and "Kc". The calculation of interpolated values is quite a complicated procedure. Th
are copied back to the pale blue cells on the "Input & Output" sheet.

ADED PILES

ition of M.J.Tomlinson's book "Pile Design and Construction Practice".

values in the yellow boxes.

ground surface at which this force is applied.

depth about which you might reasonably expect the pile to rotate. When you click on the "Press to

e "upper soil" and the "bottom soil".

ance with Brinch-Hansen's method. The number of slices that the upper soil is divided into cannot be

t and best to leave this as 10 unless a particular model requires less slices.

here is also a space where the variation of drained cohesion with depth can be entered.

d side of the screen. This will run a macro which performs a "goal seek" to put the forces on the pile

eet macros are disabled. The worksheet macros are automatically disabled if the Excel security level is

h of the pile then the soil fails.

t & Output", however there are 4 other worksheets which are used in the calculations.
efficients Kq and Kc. These coefficients vary depending on the soil depth, pile width and the

sheet (in the grey cells) and calculate the corresponding values for Kq and Kc by interpolation between
is quite a complicated procedure. The final values in the pale blue boxes on the interpolation sheets

Height of application above top of pile

1.5 m

Length of pile
Pile diameter

10 m
0.45 m

Depth about which rotation of pile occurs

6.4 m

Number of slices top soil

Depth of top soil
Number of slices bottom soil (max 10)

10
2 m
10

Soil Properties

Upper soil
Phi
c'
rate of change of c'
Gamma

0
10
20
20

degrees
kN/m^2
kN/m^2/m
kN/m^3

Bottom soil
Phi
c'
rate of change of c'
Gamma

1
50
0
20

degrees
kN/m^2
kN/m^2/m
kN/m^3

Height of each element in top soil

Height of each element in bottom soil

0.2
0.8

Upper Soil

Slice
Number

Bottom Soil

PRESS TO

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20

Top level of Bottom level

slice
of slice
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.8
2
2.8
3.6
4.4
5.2
6
6.8
7.6
8.4
9.2

0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.8
2
2.8
3.6
4.4
5.2
6
6.8
7.6
8.4
9.2
10

Resistance to Horizontal Force =

Z/B

Kq

0.1
0.3
0.5
0.7
0.9
1.1
1.3
1.5
1.7
1.9
2.4
3.2
4
4.8
5.6
6.4
7.2
8
8.8
9.6

0.22
0.67
1.11
1.56
2.00
2.44
2.89
3.33
3.78
4.22
5.33
7.11
8.89
10.67
12.44
14.22
16.00
17.78
19.56
21.33

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.0873
0.0964
0.1053
0.1113
0.1149
0.118
0.12
0.1216
0.1231
0.124

Poz Kq.Poz Kc
2.0
6.0
10.0
14.0
18.0
22.0
26.0
30.0
34.0
38.0
48.0
64.0
80.0
96.0
112.0
128.0
144.0
160.0
176.0
192.0

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
4
6
8
11
13
15
17
19
22
24

1.6986
3.1615
4.4263
5.0965
5.7668
6.0972
6.4276
6.5997
6.719
6.8409
7.4148
7.6998
7.9205
8.0812
8.142
8.2029
8.2647
8.3273
8.39
8.4122

477.3

kN

c'

c'.Kc

Pz

Pu

arm

12
16
20
24
28
32
36
40
44
48
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50

20
51
89
122
161
195
231
264
296
328
371
385
396
404
407
410
413
416
419
421

20
51
89
122
161
195
231
264
296
328
375
391
404
415
420
425
431
436
441
444

1.83
4.55
7.97
11
14.5
17.6
20.8
23.8
26.6
29.6
135
141
146
149
151
153
155
157
159
160

6.3
6.1
5.9
5.7
5.5
5.3
5.1
4.9
4.7
4.5
4
3.2
2.4
1.6
0.8
-0
-0.8
-1.6
-2.4
-3.2

11.924
30.502
54.974
78.16
106.09
131.7
160.36
187.7
215.52
245.29
1187.8
1351.9
1514.3
1672.3
1814.3
-1960
-2108
-2259
-2414
-2560

11.557
27.771
47.007
62.748
79.927
93.067
106.21
116.42
125.05
132.99
539.9
450.62
349.45
238.9
120.95
5E-12
123.99
251.03
381.17
511.97

-2538 3770.7

Z/B range

10

15

20

25

30

0.01
1
0.01
1
1
2
1
2
2
3
2
3
2
3
3
4
3
4
4
5
5
6
7
8
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
15
16
17
18
19
20
20
50

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

0.15
0.23
0.15
0.23
0.23
0.29
0.23
0.29
0.29
0.34
0.29
0.34
0.29
0.34
0.34
0.4
0.34
0.4
0.4
0.43
0.43
0.45
0.48
0.5
0.5
0.53
0.55
0.56
0.57
0.58
0.59
0.59
0.59
0.6
0.6
0.61
0.61
0.62
0.62
0.62

1
1.15
1
1.15
1.15
1.26
1.15
1.26
1.26
1.34
1.26
1.34
1.26
1.34
1.34
1.42
1.34
1.42
1.42
1.5
1.5
1.53
1.57
1.6
1.6
1.63
1.67
1.69
1.7
1.71
1.73
1.75
1.75
1.77
1.79
1.81
1.82
1.83
1.83
1.93

1.7
1.9
1.7
1.9
1.9
2.1
1.9
2.1
2.1
2.3
2.1
2.3
2.1
2.3
2.3
2.5
2.3
2.5
2.5
2.66
2.66
2.75
2.85
2.9
2.9
2.97
3
3.03
3.06
3.07
3.08
3.1
3.1
3.13
3.16
3.18
3.21
3.23
3.23
3.5

2.6
3.1
2.6
3.1
3.1
3.5
3.1
3.5
3.5
3.8
3.5
3.8
3.5
3.8
3.8
4.05
3.8
4.05
4.05
4.25
4.25
4.38
4.5
4.62
4.62
4.66
4.73
4.8
4.85
4.9
4.95
5
5
5.05
5.1
5.14
5.19
5.22
5.22
5.88

3.9
4.4
3.9
4.4
4.4
4.9
4.4
4.9
4.9
5.4
4.9
5.4
4.9
5.4
5.4
5.8
5.4
5.8
5.8
6.25
6.25
6.7
7
7.25
7.25
7.45
7.62
7.72
7.79
7.95
8.05
8.2
8.2
8.25
8.3
8.35
8.4
8.44
8.44
9.91

4.9
6.1
4.9
6.1
6.1
7
6.1
7
7
8
7
8
7
8
8
8.8
8
8.8
8.8
9.4
9.4
10
10.3
10.7
10.7
11
11.48
11.85
12.2
12.55
12.8
13
13
13.1
13.2
13.4
13.54
13.67
13.67
17.7

Zq
35

40

45

7.5
12
9 14.2
7.5
12
9 14.2
9 14.2
10.6 16.5
9 14.2
10.6 16.5
10.6 16.5
12.5 18.5
10.6 16.5
12.5 18.5
10.6 16.5
12.5 18.5
12.5 18.5
14 20.1
12.5 18.5
14 20.1
14 20.1
15
22
15
22
16.1
24
17
25
17.6
27
17.6
27
18.2
28
18.8 28.65
19.4
30
19.9
31
20.6 32.5
21.4 33.5
22
35
22
35
22.3
36
22.7
37
23.1
38
23.4
39
23.8
40
23.8
40
35.3 81.4

18
22
18
22
22
26
22
26
26
29.9
26
29.9
26
29.9
29.9
33.9
29.9
33.9
33.9
36.8
36.8
39.6
41.5
45
45
48
51
53.5
56
59
61
64
64
66.5
70
73.5
77
81
81
222

45 Phi
18
22
18
22
22
26
22
26
26
29.9
26
29.9
26
29.9
29.9
33.9
29.9
33.9
33.9
36.8
36.8
39.6
41.5
45
45
48
51
53.5
56
59
61
64
64
66.5
70
73.5
77
81
81
222

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1

Range Range
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

0.15
0.23
0.15
0.23
0.23
0.29
0.23
0.29
0.29
0.34
0.29
0.34
0.29
0.34
0.34
0.4
0.34
0.4
0.4
0.43
0.43
0.45
0.48
0.5
0.5
0.53
0.55
0.56
0.57
0.58
0.59
0.59
0.59
0.6
0.6
0.61
0.61
0.62
0.62
0.62

Kq
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.086
0.09
0.096
0.1
0.1
0.106
0.11
0.112
0.114
0.116
0.118
0.118
0.118
0.12
0.12
0.122
0.122
0.124
0.124
0.124

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.087
0.096
0.105
0.111
0.115
0.118
0.12
0.122
0.123
0.124

Z/B range

10

15

20

25

30

Zc
35

40

45

45

Phi

0.01
1
0.01
1
1
2
1
2
2
3
2
3
2
3
3
4
3
4
4
5
5
6
7
8
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
15
16
17
18
19
20
20
50

1
4.259
1
4.259
4.259
5.767
4.259
5.767
5.767
6.51
5.767
6.51
5.767
6.51
6.51
6.779
6.51
6.779
6.779
7.058
7.058
7.204
7.349
7.461
7.461
7.572
7.684
7.709
7.734
7.759
7.784
7.809
7.809
7.841
7.873
7.904
7.936
7.968
7.968
8.14

1
5.319
1
5.319
5.319
7.058
5.319
7.058
7.058
7.968
7.058
7.968
7.058
7.968
7.968
8.297
7.968
8.297
8.297
8.57
8.57
8.801
9.032
9.207
9.207
9.383
9.558
9.629
9.699
9.77
9.841
9.912
9.912
9.961
10.01
10.06
10.11
10.16
10.16
10.2

1
6.252
1
6.252
6.252
8.466
6.252
8.466
8.466
9.753
8.466
9.753
8.466
9.753
9.753
10.57
9.753
10.57
10.57
10.53
10.53
11
11.46
11.62
11.62
11.78
11.94
12.04
12.13
12.23
12.33
12.43
12.43
12.48
12.53
12.58
12.63
12.68
12.68
13.2

1.5
7.968
1.5
7.968
7.968
11.01
7.968
11.01
11.01
12.18
11.01
12.18
11.01
12.18
12.18
13.21
12.18
13.21
13.21
14.03
14.03
14.47
14.91
15.22
15.22
15.53
15.84
15.97
16.1
16.23
16.36
16.49
16.49
16.49
16.49
16.49
16.49
16.49
16.49
17.6

2
9.753
2
9.753
9.753
13.48
9.753
13.48
13.48
14.91
13.48
14.91
13.48
14.91
14.91
16.49
14.91
16.49
16.49
17.74
17.74
18.56
19.39
19.99
19.99
20.59
21.19
21.44
21.69
21.93
22.18
22.43
22.43
22.5
22.57
22.65
22.72
22.79
22.79
24.5

3
11.46
3
11.46
11.46
17.88
11.46
17.88
17.88
21.02
17.88
21.02
17.88
21.02
21.02
23.26
21.02
23.26
23.26
25.01
25.01
26.45
27.9
28.68
28.68
29.46
30.24
30.75
31.26
31.77
32.28
32.79
32.79
33.06
33.33
33.6
33.87
34.14
34.14
35.8

4
15.84
4
15.84
15.84
24.71
15.84
24.71
24.71
29.05
24.71
29.05
24.71
29.05
29.05
32.79
29.05
32.79
32.79
35.55
35.55
37.84
40.14
42.11
42.11
44.08
46.05
47.07
48.09
49.11
50.13
51.15
51.15
51.15
51.15
51.15
51.15
51.15
51.15
61.4

5
22.79
5
22.79
22.79
34.14
22.79
34.14
34.14
41.79
34.14
41.79
34.14
41.79
41.79
51.15
41.79
51.15
51.15
55.46
55.46
61.67
67.88
71
71
74.13
77.25
79.45
81.66
83.86
86.07
88.27
88.27
89.38
90.48
91.58
92.69
93.79
93.79
118

6
31.49
6
31.49
31.49
49.12
31.49
49.12
49.12
65.19
49.12
65.19
49.12
65.19
65.19
79.79
65.19
79.79
79.79
88.27
88.27
99.26
110.2
118.5
118.5
126.7
134.9
141
147
153.1
159.1
165.2
165.2
167.9
170.7
173.5
176.3
179.1
179.1
272

8
45.31
8
45.31
45.31
73.59
45.31
73.59
73.59
105.9
73.59
105.9
73.59
105.9
105.9
129.6
105.9
129.6
129.6
152.3
152.3
175.2
198.1
214.6
214.6
231
247.4
261.5
275.6
289.7
303.8
317.9
317.9
328.5
339
349.6
360.1
370.7
370.7
759

8
45.31
8
45.31
45.31
73.59
45.31
73.59
73.59
105.9
73.59
105.9
73.59
105.9
105.9
129.6
105.9
129.6
129.6
152.3
152.3
175.2
198.1
214.6
214.6
231
247.4
261.5
275.6
289.7
303.8
317.9
317.9
328.5
339
349.6
360.1
370.7
370.7
759

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1

Range Range
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5

1
4.259
1
4.259
4.259
5.767
4.259
5.767
5.767
6.51
5.767
6.51
5.767
6.51
6.51
6.779
6.51
6.779
6.779
7.058
7.058
7.204
7.349
7.461
7.461
7.572
7.684
7.709
7.734
7.759
7.784
7.809
7.809
7.841
7.873
7.904
7.936
7.968
7.968
8.14

1
5.319
1
5.319
5.319
7.058
5.319
7.058
7.058
7.968
7.058
7.968
7.058
7.968
7.968
8.297
7.968
8.297
8.297
8.57
8.57
8.801
9.032
9.207
9.207
9.383
9.558
9.629
9.699
9.77
9.841
9.912
9.912
9.961
10.01
10.06
10.11
10.16
10.16
10.2

Kc
1
4.259
1
4.259
4.259
5.767
4.259
5.767
5.767
6.51
5.767
6.51
5.767
6.51
6.51
6.779
6.51
6.779
6.779
7.058
7.361
7.523
7.686
7.81
7.81
7.934
8.058
8.093
8.127
8.161
8.195
8.229
8.229
8.265
8.3
8.335
8.37
8.406
8.406
8.552

1.699
3.161
4.426
5.097
5.767
6.097
6.428
6.6
6.719
6.841
7.415
7.7
7.92
8.081
8.142
8.203
8.265
8.327
8.39
8.412

1000.00
Brinch Hanson data for Kq

Z/B
0.01
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
50
######

Phi
0
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00

5
0.15
0.23
0.29
0.34
0.40
0.43
0.45
0.48
0.50
0.53
0.55
0.56
0.57
0.58
0.59
0.59
0.60
0.60
0.61
0.61
0.62
0.62
0.62

10
1.00
1.15
1.26
1.34
1.42
1.50
1.53
1.57
1.60
1.63
1.67
1.69
1.70
1.71
1.73
1.75
1.77
1.79
1.81
1.82
1.83
1.93
1.93

15
1.70
1.90
2.10
2.30
2.50
2.66
2.75
2.85
2.90
2.97
3.00
3.03
3.06
3.07
3.08
3.10
3.13
3.16
3.18
3.21
3.23
3.50
3.50

20
2.60
3.10
3.50
3.80
4.05
4.25
4.38
4.50
4.62
4.66
4.73
4.80
4.85
4.90
4.95
5.00
5.05
5.10
5.14
5.19
5.22
5.88
5.88

25
3.90
4.40
4.90
5.40
5.80
6.25
6.70
7.00
7.25
7.45
7.62
7.72
7.79
7.95
8.05
8.20
8.25
8.30
8.35
8.40
8.44
9.91
9.91

30
4.90
6.10
7.00
8.00
8.80
9.40
10.00
10.30
10.70
11.00
11.48
11.85
12.20
12.55
12.80
13.00
13.10
13.20
13.40
13.54
13.67
17.70
17.70

35
7.50
9.00
10.60
12.50
14.00
15.00
16.10
17.00
17.60
18.20
18.80
19.40
19.90
20.60
21.40
22.00
22.30
22.70
23.10
23.40
23.80
35.30
35.30

40
45
12.00 18.00
14.20 22.00
16.50 26.00
18.50 29.90
20.10 33.90
22.00 36.80
24.00 39.60
25.00 41.50
27.00 45.00
28.00 48.00
28.65 51.00
30.00 53.50
31.00 56.00
32.50 59.00
33.50 61.00
35.00 64.00
36.00 66.50
37.00 70.00
38.00 73.50
39.00 77.00
40.00 81.00
81.40 222.00
81.40 222.00

100.00

10.00

1.00

0.10

1000.00

100.00

10.00

1.00

0.10

10

15

20

1000
Brinch Hanson data for Kc

Z/B
0.01
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
50
######

Phi
0
1
4.2587
5.7668
6.5102
6.7787
7.0583
7.2039
7.3495
7.4608
7.5722
7.6836
7.7087
7.7337
7.7588
7.7838
7.8088
7.8407
7.8726
7.9045
7.9364
7.9683
8.14
8.14

5
1
5.3189
7.0583
7.9683
8.2969
8.5696
8.8008
9.0319
9.2072
9.3825
9.5578
9.6286
9.6994
9.7702
9.8411
9.9119
9.9605
10.009
10.058
10.107
10.155
10.20
10.20

10
1
6.2523
8.4663
9.7529
10.574
10.531
10.998
11.464
11.622
11.78
11.937
12.036
12.134
12.233
12.331
12.43
12.48
12.531
12.582
12.633
12.683
13.20
13.20

15
1.5
7.9683
11.01
12.181
13.207
14.032
14.471
14.909
15.22
15.53
15.841
15.972
16.102
16.233
16.364
16.494
16.494
16.494
16.494
16.494
16.494
17.60
17.60

20
2
9.7529
13.476
14.909
16.494
17.739
18.564
19.389
19.99
20.591
21.192
21.439
21.685
21.932
22.179
22.426
22.499
22.572
22.645
22.718
22.791
24.50
24.50

25
3
11.464
17.883
21.021
23.257
25.012
26.454
27.896
28.679
29.462
30.245
30.754
31.263
31.772
32.282
32.791
33.062
33.332
33.603
33.873
34.144
35.80
35.80

30
4
15.841
24.71
29.046
32.791
35.552
37.844
40.135
42.106
44.077
46.048
47.068
48.089
49.109
50.13
51.15
51.15
51.15
51.15
51.15
51.15
61.40
61.40

35
5
22.791
34.144
41.791
51.15
55.457
61.667
67.878
71.002
74.126
77.25
79.455
81.659
83.864
86.069
88.273
89.377
90.48
91.584
92.687
93.791
118.00
118.00

40
6
31.492
49.124
65.189
79.789
88.273
99.261
110.25
118.48
126.71
134.94
140.99
147.03
153.08
159.12
165.16
167.95
170.73
173.51
176.29
179.07
272.00
272.00

45
8
45.309
73.593
105.88
129.6
152.34
175.22
198.11
214.55
230.99
247.43
261.53
275.62
289.71
303.81
317.9
328.46
339.01
349.57
360.12
370.68
759.00
759.00

100

10

1
0

1000

100

10

1
0

10

15

20