1.1 Temperature and Activity pg.

5-9
Vocabulary
Key Word
acid

Definition
A chemical substance that neutralizes alkalis, dissolves some metals, and turns litmus red; typically, a corrosive or sour-tasting liquid of this kind. A region on an enzyme that binds to a protein or other substance during a reaction. Stimulation of activity in an organism or chemical. A change by which an organism or species becomes better suited to its environment. Having the properties of an alkali, or containing alkali; having a pH greater than 7. The surrounding temperature within an environment. A substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction without itself undergoing any permanent chemical change. The complex of nerve tissues that controls the activities of the body. In vertebrates it comprises the brain and spinal cord. A non-protein compound that is necessary for the functioning of an enzyme. The brain. A change in a protein molecule, usually by unfolding of the amino acid chains, with a decrease in solubility. An animal that is dependent on external sources of body heat. An organ or cell that acts in response to a stimulus. The system of glands that produce endocrine secretions (hormones) that help to control bodily metabolic activity. An animal that is dependent on or capable of the internal generation of heat; a warm-blooded animal.

active site

activation

adaptation

alkaline ambient temperature catalyst central nervous system (CNS) co-enzyme control centre

denature

ectotherm effector

endocrine system

endotherm

enzyme

A substance produced by a living organism that acts as a catalyst to bring about a specific biochemical reaction. The modification or control of a process or system by its results or effects, e.g., in a biochemical pathway or behavioural response. The torpid or resting state in which some animals pass the winter. The balanced state of the living body (i.e. temperature, chemistry, blood pressure, sleep and wakefulness), despite variations in the environment. A regulatory substance produced in an organism and transported in tissue fluids such as blood or sap to stimulate specific cells or tissues into action. When an enzyme and the chemical binding to it change their shapes to fit together better, enabling the enzyme to perform its catalytic function. A model for enzyme-substrate interaction suggesting that the enzyme and the substrate possess specific complementary geometric shapes that fit exactly into one another. A substance that conveys information or a stimulus within the body. The chemical processes that occur within a living organism in order to maintain life. The network of nerve cells and fibres that transmits nerve impulses between parts of the body. The nervous system outside the brain and spinal cord.

feedback

hibernation

homeostasis

hormone

induced fit

lock and key

messenger

metabolism

nervous system peripheral nervous system (PNS) pH

A figure expressing the acidity or alkalinity of a solution on a logarithmic scale. An organ or cell able to respond to light, heat, or other external stimulus and transmit a signal to a sensory nerve. A reaction to something. A thing or event that evokes a specific functional reaction in an organ or tissue. The surface or material on or from which an organism lives, grows, or obtains its nourishment; the substance on which an enzyme acts.

receptor response stimulus substrate