National Institute of Ocean Technology

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National Institute of Ocean Technology*

NIOT Campus, VelacheryTambaram Main Road, Narayanapuram, Pallikaranai, Chennai - 600 100 National Institute of Ocean Technology was established to serve as the technical arm of Ministry of Earth Sciences, for technology development and demonstration projects in areas of Ocean Energy, Deep Sea Technology and Ocean Mining, Coastal and Environmental Engineering and Marine Instrumentation. During the last fourteen years of its existence, NIOT has taken up numerous projects in this area. Noteworthy achievements have been made in area of desalination (Energy and Fresh Water), design of Remotely Operable Vehicles (ROV), design of nodule mining systems and in-situ soil testing in deep waters. Significant strides were made in the Coastal Engineering Sector with NIOT having completed over one hundred fifty Projects (150) meeting the demand from Marine Industry. OCEAN ENERGY The long-term objective of NIOT is to develop technology for a reliable and commercially viable multifunctional system for the extraction of energy from seawater. The ocean contains two types of energy: thermal energy from the suns heat, and mechanical energy from the waves. The sun warms the surface water a lot more than the deep ocean water, and this temperature difference could be used to tap the stored thermal energy. Thermal energy is used for many applications, including generation of electricity. The other form of energy namely wave energy could be harnessed by using windmill like turbines that generate electricity when water flows through them. LTTD PLANT AT KAVARATTI A desalination plant with a capacity of a-million-litreper-day was commissioned in July 2005 and has been running continuously. This Plant was developed with indigenous components. Inspired by this success, NIOT took up the design, fabrication and commissioning of a million-litreper-day (MLD) Barge Mounted Desalination Plant to cater the needs of freshwater in the mainland. The concept was successfully demonstrated validating in-house design, analysis and deployment schemes. WAVE ENERGY The national test facility for Wave Energy Technology Development was established by MoES at Vizhinjam, Kerala. The scientists from NIOT successfully commissioned the Wave Energy Caisson System at Vizhinjam. The commercially available Reverse Osmosis Plant with a capacity of 10,000 litres per day was linked to Wave Energy System leading to a self-sustaining system, where wave energy is used to generate fresh water from sea. Wave Powered Desalination System The caisson-based Indian Wave Energy plant at Vizhinjam, works under the principle of Oscillating Water Column (OWC) is being maintained by National Institute of Ocean Technology (NIOT). NIOT took up an in-house project to use this caisson-based facility to provide desalinated water to the local community. For this purpose, a commercially available Reverse Osmosis (RO) plant of 10,000 litres per day capacity was procured off the shelf and linked to this wave-energy caisson system. A scheme was designed for running the RO-based desalination plant using wave energy. The wave-powered desalination system consists of the existing impulse turbine; a special variable speed alternator and battery back-up. The turbine rotates due to the wave power and its speed depends on the wave height and frequency. Since waves are random in nature, the alternator needs to be a device that can give a constant DC voltage with varying input. To test whether the scheme would perform as desired, the implementation was carried out in stages. Deep Sea Technology and Ocean Mining Technology Development NIOT has been actively involved in the development of technology for mining of polymetallic nodules from the seabed in collaboration with the Institute for Konstruktion (IKS), University of Siegen, Germany. An underwater mining system consisting of a crawler-based mining machine and a flexible riser system was developed and tested for pumping operations at 410 m water depth and maneuverability operations at 33 m depth for a short duration. A soil tester capable of measuring in-situ soil properties was also developed and tested at 33 m water depth. Based on the results from these tests, project proposals have been prepared and submitted for development of mining systems for operations at 6000 m depth in the Central Indian Ocean Basin. Other projects include development of an under water connector, an under water thruster and solids handling jet pump for underwater applications. In-situ Soil Tester The measurement of soil-bearing strength in Hooghly river basin at Haldia, for the Dredging Corporation of India was carried out using the in-situ soil-testing equipment. This was jointly developed with University of Siegen. The project on In-situ soil property measurement at 6,000 m depth was taken up as an in-house project. The principal objective was to measure the in-situ bearing strength and shear strength of the soil at 6,000 m water depth in the Central Indian Ocean basin. As the soil-bearing strength is very low, no commercial off-the-shelf instrument is available for this measurement. In the past, the seabed soil properties were determined by collection of the seabed samples with grabs and cores and tested in the Laboratory.

* E-mail: postmaster@niot.res.in

300 This does not provide the in-situ soil properties. Therefore a system for measuring the in-situ properties have been taken up. The underwater mining system at 500m water depth and the in-situ soil tester for measuring soil properties at 5200 m water depth in Central Indian Ocean basin were successfully tested. The crawler-based sea-bed mining system with a flexible riser was refurbished and demonstrated successfully at the depth of 515 m off Chennai coast. During the next phase of development the nodule collector and crasher will be added to the existing mining system followed by development of Deep Sea Mining System for 6000m depth. The first sea trial of the indigenously built integrated Remotely Operable Vehicle (ROV) at a water depth of 205 m was also completed successfully. Development of an Underwater Thruster and Manipulator An underwater thruster of 800 W power rating and 140 mm diameter, manufactured for operations at 1000 m depth has been successfully tested in the laboratory. This thruster was developed jointly by several institutions. The design and development of the propeller and kort were undertaken by the Department of Ocean Engineering Centre at Indian Institute of Technology at Chenna (IIT). The hardware has been developed. The electrical and the control system, with speed control of the motor was developed by PSG College of Technology, Coimbatore. Central Mechanical Engineering Research Institute (CMERI), Durgapur designed the underwater pressure-proof casing and incorporated necessary modifications to accommodate it in the pressurecompensated casing. The performance of the thruster was evaluated by subjecting them to pressure tests, and thrust measurement tests at laboratory was found satisfactory. Remotely Operable Boat (ROB) A Remotely Operable boat has been designed and developed jointly by NIOT & IIT, Chennai. The boat is powered by 10 maintenance-free rechargeable batteries and is capable of travelling for 4 hours continuously on a single charge. The boat has been equipped with a Global Positioning System (GPS) and an Altimeter. The GPS accurately provides the position of the boat and the altimeter gives the instantaneous depth of the sea below the boat, which is displayed in the shore control display. The boat was tested for reliability and maneuverability in the Muttukkadu backwaters near Chennai. Both unmanned and manned (with 5 persons on board) operation was tested. Remotely Operable Vehicle A Remotely Operable Vehicle (ROV 200 MK II), capable of performing underwater survey at 200 m water depth has been developed for DOD by Centra Mechanical Engineering Research Institute. The vehicle has been tested jointly by NIOT and CMERI, Durgapur at off the Chennai coast. Marine Sensors & Electronics Fibre Optic Connector (FOC) for 6000m: Fiber optic connectors and cables are used mainly as signal and power carriers for submersibles such as deep water, crawlers and ROVs. These connectors are being developed in India by combining expertise of connector manufacturers and NIOTs expertise in ocean technology.

Glimpses of Geoscience Research in India Underwater Motors: Underwater motors are used mainly in deep-water crawlers. These motors are presently imported at a high cost. Development of a 250 kW underwater motor with 3000 rpm speed and 600 bar pressure rating, has been taken up in collaboration with industrial motor manufacturers. Underwater Transformers: Underwater transformers are used in pressure-compensated chamber to deliver sufficient power to underwater equipment. A 6.5 kVA transformer with 3000 V input and which can withstand 600 bar pressure value has been taken up for development. The industry partners for the joint development have been identified. Integrated Echo Sounde: On the product development front, a single beam shallow water echo-sounder integrated with the Global Positioning System (GPS) is being developed using the transducer developed in-house. The special feature of this echo sounder is a short range remote display for the benefit of small boat users. The echo sounder will be ready for sea trials soon. Acoustic Tide Gauge: An IP 65 class Acoustic Tide Gauge (ATG) has been designed, developed and patented for measuring tidal parameters required for bathymetric survey studies and also for measuring the mean sea-level height. It is based on echo ranging principle and has special insitu calibration technique for high precision measurements. It is rugged in construction and automatically records tide levels and storm surges. It is easy to operate and does not need manual intervention for a long time. Several ATGs have been fabricated and successfully installed at various ports, namely Quinhon Tide Station in Vietnam, Chennai, Tuticorin and Port Blair. The tide data obtained are being used by Survey of India, Navy and other agencies. Transducer Development: Transducers form the heart of any acoustic instrument in oceanographic and underwater systems. The development of transducers required for Acoustic tide gauge, Echo-sounder and Acoustic Sub-bottom Profiler (ASP) have been taken up. Second prototype of echo-sounder transducer consisting of any array of 32 elements has been fabricated and its underwater performance was evaluated utilizing the acoustic test facility at National Physical and Oceanographic Laboratory, Kochi. A matching coil was designed for improving the underwater performance of a second prototype echo sounder transducer. A transmitting/receiving (T/R) switch was also designed and incorporated in the transducer to serve it as a transceiver. The performance of the second prototype has further improved to 14 dB compared to the transducer without a T/R switch and a matching coil. The bandwidth of the transducer at 3 dB down is nearly 14 kHZ in the frequency range 31-45 kHz. Technology Development to Exploit Gas Hydrates: NIOT has also the mandate for the development of technology for gas hydrates exploration in which ROVs can play the part of support vehicle. NIOT has taken up a project to develop and demonstrate a 6000m rated deep-water worldclass remotely operable vehicle (ROSUB6000) in association with the engineering design bureau of Oceanological Engineering, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow. As a

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FACILITIES AND EQUIPMENTS AT NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF OCEAN TECHNOLOGY

(A) LTTD plant at Kavaratti; (B) Crawler collector and crusher; (C) Underwater crawler; (D, E) In-situ soil tester; (F) Remotely operable vehicle; (G) Tsunami buoy; (H) Mud crab crablet; (I) Mud crab brooder

302 part of the Gas Hydrates Program NIOT scientists participated in the Joint expedition in lake Baikal, Russia for the exploration of gas hydrates. The team received special appreciation for extracting a gas hydrate core of 1.5m length. Integrated Submersible System: ISS was successfully tested off Mangalore up to 205m water depth. It had been tested for its multi-functional capability for different underwater applications. Integrated under water survey system, under water acoustic transducer with different frequencies for various Oceanographic applications, marker lamps, and portable current meter and under water beacons were developed at NIOT to cater the growing demand for this kind of instruments in Indian market. The Ocean Observation System: This programme is engaged in establishment and maintenance of Data Buoy Network for measurement of meteological - Ocean parameters in Indian seas to monitor the Marine Environment and to improve weather and ocean forecast. As part of this integrated approach, a tsunami early warning system has been established by utilizing and enhancing the existing observational network. The network of twelve tsunami buoys has been envisaged around the geological fault line in the Indian Ocean and the installation is in progress. The real-time data obtained from the moored buoy networks in Indian Ocean catered to the needs of the user like IMD, Coast Guard, etc. It also supplies data to a variety of applications like port activities, harbour/offshore structure development, satellite data validation and climate studies. Ocean Science and Technology for Islands (OSTI): The Scientists in OSTI carry out Ocean Science and Technology Programmes for the socio-economic benefit of island and coastal communities, to develop viable technologies for harvesting marine bioresources around islands in a sustainable manner, transfer viable technologies for larval rearing, culture of lobsters and mudcrabs to island and coastal communities. NIOT was included in the national projects on development of potential drugs from ocean. As part of the programme the samples were collected, extracts were prepared and screened for anti-bacterial activities against 11 bactrian strains obtained from MTCC, IMTECH, Chandigarh. SIGNIFICANT CONTRIBUTIONS
Magesh, P.D., Santanakumar, J., Venkateshwaran, P., Abdul Nazar, A.K. and Venkatesan, R., 2007, Abundance of Noctiluca scintillans Macartney on the alteration of physico-chemical parameters at Minnie Bay, Port Blair, Andaman & Nicobar Islands, India, P. D. Magesh, J. Santanakumar, P. Venkateshwaran, A. K. Abdul Nazar, R. Venkatesan, Kathiroli, International Journal on Algae, 2007, v. 9(3), 236-246 pp. Balajee, B., Karthikayalu, S., Sophia Mercy, P., Nazar, A. K., Kirubagaran, R. Venkatesan, R. Yogeeswaran, G. and Ravindran. M., 2004, A preliminary study on the biodiversity potential of marine organisms containing bioactive compounds in the South and Middle Andaman regions. In: New frontiers in Marine Bioscience Research

Glimpses of Geoscience Research in India

(Eds. S. A. H. Abidi, M. Ravindran, R. Venkatesan and M. Vijayakumaran), Allied Publishers Pvt. Limited, Chennai, India, pp. 379-386. Chadha, R K, Latha, G. and Jarry Yeh, 2005, Curt Peterson and Toshitama Katada, The Tsunami of the Great Sumatra earthquake of M 9.0 on December 26, 2004 Impact on the east coast of India: Current Science, v. 88(8), p.12971301. Curt Peterson, Harry Yeh, R.K.Chadha, G.Latha, and T.Katada 2005,Flood Elevation, Inundation distance and flow competence of the 2004 Sumatra-Andaman Tsunami, as recorded by Tsunami deposits in thirteen shore normal profiles from the Tamil Nadu coastline, India: ISET Journal of Earthquake Technology, paper 4, p. 95-110. Dharani, G. and Altaff, K., 2002, Facultative sex reversal in freshwater plankton Sinodiaptomus (Rhinediaptomus) indicus Calanoida: Copepoda: Curr. Sci., v. 82 (7), p. 794-795. Dharani, G. and Altaff, K., 2004, Ultra structure of subitaneous and diapausing eggs of planktonic copepod Sinodiaptomus (Rhinediaptomus) indicus: Curr. Sci., v. 87(1), p. 109-112. Dharani, G., Abdul Nazar, A.K., Venkatesan, R. and Ravindran M., 2003, Marine debris in Great Nicobar: Curr. Sci, v. 85(5), p 574-575. Dharani, G., Abdul Nazar, A.K. Venkatesan, R. and Ravindran, M., 2002, Marine debris in Great Nicobar: Current science, v. 485(5), p. 574-575. Dharani, G., Abdul Nazar, A. K., Kanagu, L., Venkateshwaran, P., Kumar, T.S., Ratnam, K., Venkatesan, R. and Ravindaran, M., 2004, On the recurrence of Noctiluca scintillans bloom in Minnie Bay - Port Blair: Impacts on water quality and bioactivity of extracts: Curr. Sci., v. 87(7), p. 990-994. Dharani, G., Remany, M.C., Vinithkumar, N.V., Santhanakumar, J., Leema, T.M., T. D. Babu, R. Kirubagaran, G. Dalmin, T. Senthil Murugan, K. V. K. Nair, V. Sampath, T. Subramoniam and M. Ravindran. 2002. Postembryonic metamorphic changes in the larval development of Indian spiny lobster Panulirus homarus (Linnaeus, 1758) (Decapoda: Palinuridae) Proceeding of the XX National Symposium on Reproductive Biology and Comparative Endocrinology held during 7-9 Jan. 2002 at the Department of Animal Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli. pp. 157-158. Dhranai, G., Abdul Nazar, A.K., Venkatesan, R., Ravindran, M., 2004, On the recurrence of Nauctiluca Scintillans bloom in Minnie Bay, Port Blair, Impact on water quality and bioactivity of extracts: Current science, v. 87 p. 990-994. Gunamalai, V., Kirubagaran R. and Subramoniam, T., 2003, Sequestration of ecdysteroid hormone into the ovary of the mole crab, Emerita asiatica (Milne Edwards): Current Science, v. 85, p. 364-367. Gunamalai, V., Kirubagaran R. and Subramoniam, T., 2006, Vertebrate steroids and the control of female reproduction in two decapod crustaceans, Emerita asiatica and Macrobrachium rosenbergii: Current Science, v. 90, p. 119-123. Gunamalai, V., Kirubagaran, R. and Subramoniam, T., 2004, Hormonal coordination of moulting and female

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reproduction by ecdysteroids in the mole crab, Emerita asiatica (Milne Edwards). Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. (Elsevier Science), v. 132 p. 128-138. Jero Leena, V., Sheeba Jeba Rani, J., Helen Sundara Bai, E., Sasikala, S.L., Kirubagaran, R. & Ravindran, M., 2004, Variation in the level of 5-hydroxytryptamine in brain ganglia during gonadal recrudescence in the male and female mud crab Scylla serrata (Forskal, 1775). In: New frontiers in Marine Bioscience Research (Eds. S. A. H. Abidi, M. Ravindran, R. Venkatesan and M. Vijayakumaran), Allied Publishers Pvt. Limited, Chennai, India, p. 349-358. Jesudason, E. P., J. G Masilamoni, R. Kirubagaran, G. D. J. Davis and R. Jayakumar, 2005, The protective role of DL a-lipoic acid in biogenic amines catabolism triggered by Ab amyloid vaccination in mice: Brain Res. Bull. (Elsevier Science), v. 65, p. 361-367. Jothi Basu, Selvarajan, A.S., Sriyutha, P., Murthy, D., Magesh Peter, Sasikala, S.L., Palavesam, A., Venkatesan, R. and M. Ravindran, 2002, Biofilm development and corrosion of steel in a polluted environment with emphasis on water quality NACE- CORCON November p. 28-30, 2002, GOA. Karthikayalu, Dharani, S.G., Kirubagaran, R., Venkatesan, R., Yogeeswaran, G. and Ravindran, M., 2004, Isolation, purification and characterization of haemolytic toxin from Heteractis magnifica. In: New frontiers in Marine Bioscience Research (Eds. S. A. H. Abidi, M. Ravindran, R. Venkatesan and M. Vijayakumaran), Allied Publishers Pvt. Limited, Chennai, India, p. 17-24. Kirubagaran, R., 2004, Hormonal and genetic manipulation in crustaceans: Emerging demands Vs Technological constraints: Advanced Biotech, v. II (I7), p. 22-26. Kirubagaran, Dharani, R.G., Vinithkumar, N.V., Remany, M.C., Inbakandan, D., Senthil Murugan, T., Dalmin, G., Mary Leema, T., Babu, T.D., Nair, K.V.K., Sampath, V., Subramoniam, T. and Ravindran, M., 2002, Possible occurrence of corticosteroid like molecules in the spiny lobster, Panulirus homarus. Proceedings of the XX National Symposium on Reproductive Biology and Comparative Endocrinology held during 7-9 January 2002 at the Department of Animal Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, p. 153-154. Kirubagaran, R., Peter, M., Dharani, G., Vinithkumar, N. V., Sreeraj, G., Subramoniam T. and Ravindran, M., 2005, Changes in the vertebrate-type of steroids and 5hydroxytryptamine during ovarian recrudescence in the Indian spiny lobster, Panulirus homarus. New Zealand: J. Mar. Freshwater Res, v. 39, p. 527-537. Latha, G. and Mahadevan, R., 2000, Sensitivity and Predictive Capability Studies on a finite element Surge Simulation Model: Indian Journal of Marine Sciences, June, 2000, 89-95. Latha, G., Rama Rao, E.P. and Mahadevan, R. 2002, Calibration of a finite element surge simulation model for the east coast of India. Indian Journal of Marine Sciences, v. 31(4), p. 265-270. Latha, G., Rama Rao, E.P., 2006, Surge simulation for 1999 Orissa super cyclone using a finite element model, Natural Hazards, Springer, p. 615-625. Latha, G., Ramadass, G. A., Venkatesan R. and Rajendran. V., 2003, Lobster Noise Measurement and Analysis. Proceedings of SYMPOL 1-4.

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Latha, G., Ramadass, G.A., Venkatesan R. and Rajendran, V., 2004, Mean Sea Level Extraction and Analysis from Tidal Measurements. MAUSAM, Letters to the Editor, p. 511-514. Latha, G., Senthivadivu, S., Venkatesan R. and Rajendran, V., 2005, Sound of shallow and deep water lobsters : Measurements, analysis and characterization in Journal of Acoustical Society of America, v. 117 (5), p. 2720-2723. Latha, G., Shanmugavadivu, S., Venkatesan, R., Rajendran V., 2005, Sound of shallow and deep water Lobsters: Measurements, analysis and characterization: Journal of Acoustics Society of America, v 117 (5), p. 2720-2723. Mahadevan, R. and Latha, G., 2001, Influence of coastal flooding on surge estimates along the East coast of India: Indian Journal of Marine Sciences, p. 115-122. Nazar, A. K., Sampath, V., Kirubagaran, R., Nair, K. V. K. and Ravindran, M., 2002, Fattening of mudcrab Scylla serrata (Forskal) in fixed cell-type cane cages using a shrimp culture pond in Andaman Islands. 2002. Proceedings of the XX National symposium on Reproductive Biology and Comparative Endocrinology held during 7-9 January 2002 at the Department of Animal Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, p. 149-150. Performance of a low frequency, multi-resonant broadband Tonpilz transducer Dhilsha Rajapan, J.Acoust. Soc. Am., Vol. 111, 1692-1694, (2002). Present trends in magnetostrictive materials & devices and their applications Dhilsha Rajapan: Magnetic Society of India Bulletin, v.23, 2001. Remany, M.C., Mary Leema, T., Kirubagaran, R., Venkatesan, R. and Ravindran, M., 2004, Handbook on lobster fattening in sea cages. International Conference & exposition on marine living resources of India for food and medicine. Venkatesan, R., Venkataswamy, M.A., Bhaskaran, T.A., Dwarakadasa, E.S. and Ravindran, M., 2002, Corrosion of ferrous alloys in deep sea environment British: Corrosion Journal, 2002 December, v. 37(4), p. 266-270. Venkatesan, R. and Abraham. R., 2001, Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion, Marine Engineers Review, 85. Venkatesan R., Dwarakadasa, E.S. and Raghuram, A.C., 1998, Effect of deep-sea environment on the corrosion behaviour of metals and alloys: Transactions of the Metal finishers Association of India, Jan-Mar 1998, p. 63-71. Radhakrishnan, E.V. and M. Vijayakumaran, 2005, The status of lobster fishery in India and options for sustainable management. In: V.S. Somavanshi (Ed.) Larg Marine Ecosystem: Exploration and exploitation for sustainable development and conservation of fish stocks: Bulletin Fishery Survey of India: p. 294-311. Ramalingam Kirubagaran, Dassiah M. Peter, Gopal Dharani, Nambali V. Vinithkumar, Gopinathapillai Sreeraj and Muthkamatchi Ravindran, 2005, Changes In Vertebrate Type Steroids and 5-hydroxytryptamine during ovarian recrudescence in the Indian spiny lobster Panulirus homarus. New Zealand: Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research, v 39, p. 527-537. Ramanamurthy, V. S., Sundaramoorthy, Pari, Y., Ranga Rao, V., Mishra, P., Bhat, M., Usha Tune, Venkatesan, R., Subramanian, B.R., 2005, Inundation of sea water in Andaman and Nicobar Islands and parts of Tamil Nadu coast during 2004 Sumatra tsunami: Current science, v. 8 8 , p. 1736-1740.

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Remany, M. C., R. Kirubagaran, G. Dharani, N. V. Vinithkumar, D. Inbakandan, D. Magesh Peter, T. Senthil Murugan, G. Dalmin, T. Mary Leema, T. D. Babu, K. V. K. Nair, V. Sampath, T. Subramoniam and M. Ravindran, 2002, Effect of eyestalk ablation on growth and gonadal maturation in the Indian spiny lobster Panulirus homarus (Linnaeus, 1758) under captivity. Proceedings of the XX National Symposium on Reproductive Biology and Comparative Endocrinology held during 7-9 Jan. 2002 at Department of Animal Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli. pp. 155-156. S. Syed Jehan, R. Venkatesan, P. Sriyutha Murthy, K. Prem Kumar and M. Ravindran, 2004, Biofouling of data buoy structures and underwater sensors deployed along Indian coast. In: New frontiers in Marine Bioscience Research (Eds. S. A. H. Abidi, M. Ravindran, R. Venkatesan and M. Vijayakumaran), Allied Publishers Pvt. Limited, Chennai, India, pp 281-290. Sampath V. and N. V. Vinithkumar. 2004, Novel natural products of Marine organisms. Advanced biotech, Samanthi Publications (P) Ltd. Chennai. Senthil Murugan, T., M. C. Remany, T. Mary Leema, Dilip kumar, J. Santhanakumar, M. Vijayakumaran, R. Venkatesan, M. Ravindran, 2005, Growth, repetitive breeding and aquaculture potential of the spiny lobster, Panulirus ornatus. J. Mar. Fresh Water Res., v. 39, p. 311-316. Soumya Haldari, Shruti Chatterjee, Manambrakat Vijayakumaran, Shinji Yamasaki, 2007, Isolation of Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Vibrio cholerae (Non-O1 and O139) from moribund shrimp (Penaeus monodon) and experimental challenge study against post larvae and juveniles. Annals of Microbiology, 57 (1): 55-60. Sriyutha Murthy, P., R. Venkatesan, D. Magesh Peter and M. Ravindran 2004, Microfouling on Titanium and stainless steel 316-L surfaces under static and flow conditions in an Oceanic Environment. In: New frontiers in Marine Bioscience Research (Eds. S. A. H. Abidi, M. Ravindran, R. Venkatesan and M. Vijayakumaran), Allied Publishers Pvt. Limited, Chennai, India, p 271-280. Sriyutha Murthy, P., Venkatesan, R., Nair, K. V. K. and Ravindran, M., 2004, Biofilm Control for Plate Heat Exchangers using surface seawater from Open Ocean for OTEC plant. International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation v 53 p. 133-140. Sriyutha Murthy, Saravanane, P., N., Nair, K. V. K. and Ravindran, M., 2002, OTEC-Concept and its Relevance to Mitigation of Thermal Impacts National Seminar or Thermal Ecology, August 2002, M. S. University. Sriyutha Murthy, Venkatesan, P., R, Nair, K. V. K., Inbakandan, D., S. Syed Jahan D. Magesh Peter and M. Ravindran, 2004, Evaluation of sodium Hypochlorite for fouling control in plate heat exchanger for seawater application. International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation, v. 55, p. 161-170.

Glimpses of Geoscience Research in India

Sriyutha, P., Murthy, R. Venkatesan, D. Magesh Peter and Ravindran, M., 2004, Biofilm development and control in flow chambers and Plate Heat Exchangers A Comparison. In: New frontiers in Marine Bioscience Research (Eds. S. A. H. Abidi, M. Ravindran, R. Venkatesan and M. Vijayakumaran), Allied Publishers Pvt. Limited, Chennai, India, p. 359-368. Tiwary, B. K., Kirubagaran R. and. Ray, A. K., 2004, The biology of triploid fish. Rev. Fish Biol. Fish. (Springer Publications) v. 14, p. 391-402. Tiwary, B.K., Kirubagaran and A. K. Ray., 2002, Gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons of triploid catfish, Heteropneustes fossilis (Bloch): An immunocytochemical study. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. (Elsevier Science) Part A: 132: 375-380. Tiwary, B.K., Kirubagaran R. and Ray., A. K., 2002, Testoster one triggers the brain-pitutary-gonad axis of juvenile female catfish (Heteropneustes fossilis Bloch) for precocious ovarian maturation. Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. (Elsevier Science) v. 126: p. 23-29. Vedaprakash, L., R. Kirubagaran, G. Yogeeswaran and M. Ravindran, 2004, Enrichment studies in Artemia nauplii through liposomes using bovine serum albumin (BSA) as protein source with FITC as a fluorescent tag. In: New frontiers in Marine Bioscience Research (Eds. S. A. H. Abidi, M. Ravindran, R. Venkatesan and M. Vijayakumaran), Allied Publishers Pvt. Limited, Chennai, India, pp. 369-376. Venkatesan, R., Dwarakadasa E S. and Ravindran M., 2003, Biofilm formation on structural materials in deep sea environments, Indian journal of Engineering and Materials Sciences, p 486-491. Vijayakumaran, M. 2003, Deep Ocean Biotechnology. Advanced Biotech. Vol II (3), September, p. 25-26. Vijayakumaran, M., T. Senthil Murugan, M. C. Remany, T. Mary Leema, Dilip Kumar, J. Santhanakumar, R. Venkatesan, M. Ravindran., 2005, Captive breeding of the spiny lobster, Panulirus homarus. New Zealand J. Mar. Fresh Water Res. v. 39 p. 325-334. Vinithkumar, N. V., Remany, M. C., Dharani, G., Peter, D.M., Leema, T.M., Babu, T. D., Kirubagaran, R., Murugan, T.S., Dalmin, G., Nair, K. V. K., Sampath, V., Subramoniam, T. and Ravindran, M., 2002, Biochemical composition of different live feeds and their influence on moulting during fattening of juvenile lobster Panulirus homarus (Linnaeus, 1758). Proceedings of the XX National symposium on Reproductive Biology and Comparative Endocrinology held during 7-9 Jan. 2002 held at the Department of Animal Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli. p. 159-160. Vinithkumar, N.V., 2002, Marine Pollution- A perspective of monitoring and control in India. Course volume-I of Indian Ocean Global Ocean Observation System (IOGOOS) cruise during 16th October to 29th November 2002 in 183rd cruise of ORV Sagar Kanya.