DIFFERENTIAL QUADRATURE AMPLITUDE MODULATION TECHNIQUE OBJECTIVE: Study of carrier modulation technique by differential Quadrature amplitude Modulation method.

EQUIPMENT: Experimentor Kit ADCL-05. Connecting Chords. Power supply. e-Lab.

THEORY:

FIG. 1 BASIC DQAM MODULATION

FIG. 2 BASIC DQAM DEMODULATION

FIG.3 DIFFERENTIAL DECODER

In DQAM or 8-differential QAM modulation, the phase of the sine carrier is changed as function of the pair of data bit (I and Q bit). The modulator is same used for QAM. Before entering the modulator the data are coded so to generate two "differential" signals namely Id and Qd. These consider the variation of the bit pairs, in respect to the pair just before. The block diagram of DQAM is shown in fig.1 and fig. 2: The differential coding of data to be transmitted makes the "bit pair" to be transformed into phase variation of the carrier. In this way the receiver recognizes the pair each time it detects a phase shift of the modulated carrier, independently from its absolute phase. The ambiguity of the QPSK modulation, which can take to the demodulated data inversion, is solved in this way. The procedure for generating the DQAM signal is same as QAM, but in DQAM the I and Q bits are differentially encoded using separate differential encoder as shown in fig 4.2A While C bit remains same. The concept of differential encoding is same as explained in experiment no 3. After differential encoding the encoded data is fed to control inputs of carrier modulator. The four phase shifted carrier is also fed to the carrier modulator. The output of the carrier modulator is DQAM modulated signal

At the output of differential decoder we get the original I and Q bits. These I and Q bits then applied to the data decoder along with decoder clock to recovered the original NRZ-L data.

SW1

SW2

SW3

0 SI N1

IN 1 IN 2 IN 3

SF1 OFF

24

CARR IER GENER ATOR

SI N2 SI N3

C A R R I E

M O D U L A T R R

ON ADCL-05

SWITCH FAULTS
MOD OUT

SI N4
DAT DAT A

IN 4
C1

S CLOCK

CLK IN

IB IT

A IN

DIFFERE NTIAL OUT

Q DATA

CLOCK &

ENCOD ER 1
DATA

IN

DIFFE REN TIAL ENC ODE R 2

OUT

DATA GEN ERATOR

S DATA

DATA

DATA

DATA

TRIBIT CODER

B IT

C2

IN

NR Z-L CODER

OUT

IN

C B IT

C3

I BIT IN

DATA OUT

DATA IN

I BIT OUT

SAMPL ING

MOD
SQUARER SQUARER

D A
Q BIT IN DATA OUT

DIFFEREN TIAL DECODER 1

EO1

SAMPLER

CL OC K GENER ATOR

F/4

VCO

IN

DATA IN

Q BIT OUT
EO2

ADDER

DATA OUT

T A

DIFFEREN TIAL DECODE R 2

180

PLL

C BI T IN

C BIT OUT I

D E C O

EO3

QA M

/ DQAM DEMODU LATOR

2 CLK Q CLK C CLK QAM DQAM

D E R RST PHASE SYNC

DECODER TI MING LOGIC OFF ON

SF2

ADCL-06 SWITCH FAULTS

BLOCK DIAGRAM FOR DIFFERENT IAL QUADRATURE AMPLITUDE MODULATION TECHNIQUE

PROCEDURE: Refer to the block diagram and carry out the following connections and switch settings. Connect power supply in proper polarity to the kit ADCL-05 and ADCL-06 switch it on. Select Data pattern of simulated data using switch SW1, SW2, SW3. Connect SDATA generated to DATA IN of NRZ-L CODER.

Connect the NRZ-L coded data at DATA OUT to the DATA IN of the TRIBIT CODER. Connect the clock generated SCLOCK to CLK IN of TRIBIT CODER. Connect I BIT to DATA IN of differential encoder 1 and Q BIT to DATA IN of differential encoder 2.

Connect DATA OUT of differential encoder 1 to C1 and DATA OUT of differential encoder 2 to C2 of CARRIER MODULATOR.

Connect C BIT of tribit coder to control input C3 of CARRIER MODULATOR. Connect sine carrier to input of CARRIER MODULATOR as follows: SIN 1 to IN 1.

SIN 2 to IN 2.

SIN 3 to IN 3.

SIN 4 to IN 4.

Connect QAM modulated signal MOD OUT on ADCL-05 to the MOD IN Of the QAM DEMODULATOR on ADCL-06.

Connect I BIT to DATA IN of differential decoder 1 and Q BIT to DATA IN of differential decoder 2.

Connect DATA OUT of differential decoder 1 to I BIT IN and DATA OUT of differential decoder 2 to Q BIT IN of DATA DECODER.

Connect C BIT of QAM Demodulator to C BIT IN of DATA DECODER.

Put switch SW1 on ADCL-06 to DQAM mode. Observe the decoded data at DATA OUT post of data decoder. Compare the decoded data with SDATA on ADCL-05.

OBSERVATIONS: ON KIT ADCL-05. Input NRZ-L coded Data at DATA OUT of NRZ-L coder.

Tribit coded data I BIT, Q BIT & C BIT at the output of tribit coder.

Carrier signal SIN 1 to SIN 4.

QAM modulated signal at MOD OUT of carrier modulator.

ON KIT ADCL-06. Output of first squarer at SQUARER 1.

Output of second squarer at SQUARER 2.

Recovered carrier of 2MHz at PLL.

Four sampling clocks at the output of SAMPLING CLOCK GENERATOR.

Two added outputs at the output of ADDER.

Recovered data bits (I, Q & C bits) at the output of ENVELOPE DETECTORS.

Receiver decoding clocks at DECODER TIMING LOGIC.

Recovered NRZ-L data from I & Q bits at the output of DATA DECODER.

CONCLUSION: The differential coding of I & Q bit data to be transmitted makes the bit pair to be transformed into phase variation of the carrier. In this way the receiver recognizes the pair each time it detects a phase shift of the modulated carrier, independently from its absolute phase. The ambiguity of the QAM modulation, which can take to the demodulated data inversion, is solved in this way.