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\red0\green0\blue0; }\viewkind1\viewscale100\margl0\margr0\margt0\margb0\deftab80\dntblnsbdb\expshrt n\paperw11900\paperh16840\pard\sb0\sl-240{\bkmkstart Pg1}{\bkmkend Pg1}\par\pard \ql \li5071\sb0\sl-322\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li5071\sb0\sl-322\slmult0 \par\pard\ ql\li5071\sb0\sl-322\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li5071\sb0\sl-322\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li5071\sb0\sl-322\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li5071\sb0\sl-322\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\l i5071\sb0\sl-322\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li5071\sb0\sl-322\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li5 071\sb0\sl-322\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li5071\sb0\sl-322\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li507 1\sb0\sl-322\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li5071\sb0\sl-322\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li5071\ sb0\sl-322\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li5071\sb0\sl-322\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li5071\sb 0\sl-322\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li5071\sb204\sl-322\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-4\charsc alex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs28 Pakistan\u8217?s National Emigration Policy \par\pard\ql \li6905\sb28\sl-310\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-7\charscalex100 A Review\ ul0\super\cf2\f3\fs27 \u8727? \par\pard\ql \li6535\sb0\sl-253\slmult0 \par\pard\ ql\li6535\sb165\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6 \f7\fs22 Maqsood Ahmad Jan \par\pard\ql \li6369\ri2947\sb242\sl-260\slmult0\tx68 36 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Policy Paper Series # 35 \line\tab \up0 \expndt w-3\charscalex100 December 2010 \par\pard\ql \li1440\sb0\sl-207\slmult0 \par\par d\ql\li1440\sb0\sl-207\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1440\sb0\sl-207\slmult0 \par\pard\ ql\li1440\sb0\sl-207\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1440\sb0\sl-207\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li1440\sb0\sl-207\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1440\sb0\sl-207\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\l i1440\sb0\sl-207\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1440\sb0\sl-207\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1 440\sb0\sl-207\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1440\sb0\sl-207\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li144 0\sb0\sl-207\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1440\sb0\sl-207\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1440\ sb0\sl-207\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1440\sb0\sl-207\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1440\sb 0\sl-207\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1440\sb0\sl-207\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1440\sb0\ sl-207\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1440\sb0\sl-207\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1440\sb0\sl -207\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1440\sb0\sl-207\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1440\sb0\sl-2 07\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1440\sb0\sl-207\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1440\sb0\sl-207 \slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1440\sb0\sl-207\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1440\sb0\sl-207\s lmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1440\sb0\sl-207\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1440\sb0\sl-207\slm ult0 \par\pard\ql\li1440\sb0\sl-207\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1440\sb0\sl-207\slmul t0 \par\pard\ql\li1440\sb0\sl-207\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1440\sb87\sl-207\slmult 0\tx1872 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\super\cf8\f9\fs19\ul0\super\cf8\f9\f s18 \u8727? \tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs18 I am t hankful to Dr. Tasneem Siddiqui of Refugee and Migratory Movements Research Unit (RMMRU), \par\pard\qj \li1871\ri1270\sb0\sl-210\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charsca lex100 Bangladesh; Piyasiri Wickremasekera, International Migration Program, ILO , Switzerland; and Jean-Pierre \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 Cassarino, European University Institute, Italy for their valuable time for discussions on policy is sues that \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 helped me in understanding the various dy namics of global migration. This review could not have been \up0 \expndtw-2\char scalex100 possible without the financial assistance of the National Center of Competence in Research (NCCR) North\up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 South, Transver sal Package Project \u8216?From vulnerability to resilience.\u8217? {\shp {\*\shpinst\shpleft1440\shptop13732\shpright4320\shpbottom13752\shpfhdr0\s hpbxpage\shpbypage\shpwr3\shpwrk0\shpfblwtxt1\shpz85\shplid0 {\sp{\sn shapeType}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipH}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipV}{\sv 0}}{\sp{ \sn geoRight}{\sv 2880}}{\sp{\sn geoBottom}{\sv 20}} {\sp{\sn pVerticies}{\sv 8;4;(0,20);(2880,20);(2880,0);(0,0)}} {\sp{\sn pSegmentInfo}{\sv 2;10;16384;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;24577;32768} } {\sp{\sn fFillOK}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fFilled}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fillColor}{\sv 0}}{\s p{\sn fLine}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn lineType}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fArrowheadsOK}{\sv 1}}{\s p{\sn fBehindDocument}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn lineColor}{\sv 0}} }}\par\pard\sect\sectd\fs24\paperw11900\paperh16840\pard\sb0\sl-240{\bkmkstart P g2}{\bkmkend Pg2}\par\pard\qj \li1440\sb0\sl-250\slmult0 \par\pard\qj\li1440\sb0 \sl-250\slmult0 \par\pard\qj\li1440\sb0\sl-250\slmult0 \par\pard\qj\li1440\sb0\s l-250\slmult0 \par\pard\qj\li1440\sb0\sl-250\slmult0 \par\pard\qj\li1440\ri1255\

sb244\sl-250\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf10\f11\fs22 All rights reserved. No part of this Policy Paper may be reproduced or transmit ted in any form or by \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 any means, electronic or mec hanical, including photocopying, recording or information storage and \up0 \expn dtw-4\charscalex100 retrieval system, without prior written permission of the pu blisher. \par\pard\ql \li1440\sb0\sl-253\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1440\sb0\sl-253\ slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1440\sb2\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 A p ublication of the Sustainable Development Policy Institute (SDPI). \par\pard\qj \li1440\sb0\sl-260\slmult0 \par\pard\qj\li1440\sb0\sl-260\slmult0 \par\pard\qj\l i1440\ri1257\sb242\sl-260\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 The opinions expr essed in the paper are solely those of the author, and publishing them does not in \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 any way constitute an endorsement of the opinio n by the SDPI. \par\pard\qj \li1440\sb0\sl-260\slmult0 \par\pard\qj\li1440\sb0\s l-260\slmult0 \par\pard\qj\li1440\ri2209\sb220\sl-260\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\ch arscalex100 Sustainable Development Policy Institute is an independent, non-prof it research institute on \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 sustainable development. \par\pard\ql \li1440\sb0\sl-253\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1440\sb0\sl-253\slmult0 \ par\pard\ql\li1440\sb0\sl-253\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1440\sb0\sl-253\slmult0 \pa r\pard\ql\li1440\sb0\sl-253\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1440\sb21\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 2010 by the Sustainable Development Policy Institute \ par\pard\ql \li1440\sb0\sl-253\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1440\sb0\sl-253\slmult0 \p ar\pard\ql\li1440\sb1\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 Edited by: Sa rah S. Aneel \par\pard\ql \li1440\sb0\sl-253\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1440\sb0\sl253\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1440\sb1\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 First Edition: December 2010 \par\pard\ql \li1440\sb0\sl-253\slmult0 \par\pard\ ql\li1440\sb0\sl-253\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1440\sb0\sl-253\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li1440\sb0\sl-253\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1440\sb0\sl-253\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\l i1440\sb0\sl-253\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1440\sb0\sl-253\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1 440\sb0\sl-253\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1440\sb0\sl-253\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li144 0\sb0\sl-253\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1440\sb0\sl-253\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1440\ sb0\sl-253\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1440\sb0\sl-253\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1440\sb 0\sl-253\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1440\sb0\sl-253\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1440\sb0\ sl-253\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1440\sb239\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-4\charscal ex100 Mailing Address: PO Box 2342, Islamabad, Pakistan. \par\pard\qj \li1440\ri 5088\sb2\sl-260\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 Telephone + (92-51) 278134 , 278136, 277146, 270674-76 \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 Fax + (92-51) 278135 , URL: www.sdpi.org \par\pard\sect\sectd\fs24\paperw11900\paperh16840\pard\sb0\s l-240{\bkmkstart Pg3}{\bkmkend Pg3}\par\pard\ql \li1440\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\ pard\ql\li1440\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1440\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pa rd\ql\li1440\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1440\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard \ql\li1440\sb112\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf 11\f12\fs24 Table of Content \par\pard\li1440\sb0\sl-253\slmult0\par\pard\li1440 \sb0\sl-253\slmult0\par\pard\li1440\sb11\sl-253\slmult0\fi0\tldot\tx9792 \up0 \e xpndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs22 Abstract ...\tab \up0 \expndt w-3\charscalex100 ...1\par\pard\li1440\sb253\sl-253\slmult0\fi0\tldot\tx9792 \up 0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf12\f13\fs22 Section 1 ...\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 ...2\par\pard\li1440\sb0\sl-252\slmult0\fi0\tx2159\tldo t\tx9856 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs22 1.1\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Historical and Current Relevance ...\tab \up0 \expndtw3\charscalex100 ..2\par\pard\li1440\sb1\sl-253\slmult0\fi0\tx2159\tldot\tx9920 \ up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 1.2\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Context ...\t ab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 .2\par\pard\li1440\sb1\sl-253\slmult0\fi0\tx215 9\tldot\tx9796 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 1.3\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex1 00 Rationale ...\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 ...5\par\pard\li1440\sb0\sl253\slmult0\fi0\tx2159\tldot\tx9796 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 1.4\tab \up0 \ expndtw-3\charscalex100 Analytical Framework ...\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex1 00 ...5\par\pard\li1440\sb253\sl-253\slmult0\fi0\tldot\tx9792 \up0 \expndtw-3\ch arscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf12\f13\fs22 Section 2 ...\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\char scalex100 ...6\par\pard\li1440\sb0\sl-252\slmult0\fi0\tx2159\tldot\tx9857 \up0 \ expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs22 2.1\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\char

scalex100 Overview of the Policy...\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 ..6\par\pa rd\li1440\sb1\sl-253\slmult0\fi0\tx2159\tldot\tx9795 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex1 00 2.2\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Policy Background ...\tab \up0 \expndt w-3\charscalex100 ...6\par\pard\li1440\sb1\sl-253\slmult0\fi0\tx2159\tldot\tx991 7 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 2.3\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Current Ch allenges and Future Prospects ...\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 .7\par\pard\ li1440\sb0\sl-252\slmult0\fi0\tx2159\tldot\tx9795 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 2.4\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Future Strategies ...\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\ charscalex100 ...8\par\pard\li1440\sb0\sl-253\slmult0\par\pard\li1440\sb2\sl-253 \slmult0\fi0\tldot\tx9792 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf12\f13 \fs22 Section 3 ...\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 .14\par\pard\li1440\sb0\sl -252\slmult0\fi0\tx2160\tldot\tx9797 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupers ub\cf6\f7\fs22 3.1\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Critical Assessment of the Policy ...\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 .14\par\pard\li1440\sb1\sl-253\slmu lt0\fi720\tldot\tx9673 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf13\f14\fs 22 3.1.1 Protection ...\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 ...\ul0\nosupersub\ cf6\f7\fs22 14\par\pard\li1440\sb0\sl-252\slmult0\fi720\tldot\tx9670 \up0 \expnd tw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf13\f14\fs22 3.1.2 Emigration Management S ystem and Supportive Mechanisms ...\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 ...\ul0\no supersub\cf6\f7\fs22 16\par\pard\li1440\sb2\sl-253\slmult0\fi720\tldot\tx9793 \u p0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf13\f14\fs22 3.1.3 Extension of M igration Development to Micro Level ...\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 .\ul0 \nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs22 17\par\pard\li1440\sb0\sl-253\slmult0\par\pard\li1440\sb 1\sl-253\slmult0\fi0\tldot\tx9792 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\ cf12\f13\fs22 Section 4 ...\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 .18\par\pard\li144 0\sb0\sl-252\slmult0\fi0\tldot\tx9672 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosuper sub\cf6\f7\fs22 Conclusion and the Way Forward ...\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscale x100 ...18\par\pard\li1440\sb1\sl-253\slmult0\fi0\tx2160\tldot\tx9736 \up0 \expn dtw-3\charscalex100 4.1\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Scope of the Issue ... \tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 ..18\par\pard\li1440\sb0\sl-252\slmult0\fi0\t x2159\tldot\tx9796 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 4.2\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charsca lex100 Policy Coherence ...\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 .18\par\pard\li144 0\sb2\sl-253\slmult0\fi0\tx2159\tldot\tx9796 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 4.3\t ab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Re-Assessment of Strategies...\tab \up0 \expndt w-3\charscalex100 .19\par\pard\li1440\sb0\sl-253\slmult0\fi0\tx2160\tldot\tx9734 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 4.4\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Strengtheni ng the Implementation Process ...\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 ..19\par\pa rd\li1440\sb253\sl-253\slmult0\fi0\tldot\tx9730 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Re ferences...\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 ..21\par\pard\sect\sectd\fs24\pape rw11900\paperh16840\pard\sb0\sl-240{\bkmkstart Pg4}{\bkmkend Pg4}\par\pard\qj \l i1440\sb0\sl-273\slmult0 \par\pard\qj\li1440\sb0\sl-273\slmult0 \par\pard\qj\li1 440\sb0\sl-273\slmult0 \par\pard\qj\li1440\sb0\sl-273\slmult0 \par\pard\qj\li144 0\sb0\sl-273\slmult0 \par\pard\qj\li1440\ri1239\sb130\sl-273\slmult0 \up0 \expnd tw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf7\f8\fs24 The Sustainable Development Polic y Institute is an independent, non-profit, non-government \up0 \expndtw0\charsca lex100 policy research institute, meant to provide expert advice to the governme nt (at all levels), \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 public interest and political o rganizations, and the mass media. It is administered by an \up0 \expndtw-5\chars calex100 independent BoG: \par\pard\ql \li1440\sb0\sl-253\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\l i1440\sb31\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf14\f15 \fs22 Board of Governors: \par\pard\ql \li1440\sb0\sl-253\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\l i1440\sb14\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf10\f11 \fs22 Dr. Saeed Shafqat \par\pard\ql \li1440\sb7\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-4\ charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf15\f16\fs22 Chairman of the Board \par\pard\ql \ li1440\ri4255\sb38\sl-506\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\ cf10\f11\fs22 Mr. Shafqat Kakakhel \line \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 Syed Nave ed Qamar \line \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 Mr. Etrat H. Rizvi \line \up0 \expn dtw-4\charscalex100 Dr. Qasim Jan \par\pard\ql \li1440\ri3778\sb135\sl-360\slmul t0 \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 Ms Roshan Khursheed Bharucha \line \up0 \expndt w-4\charscalex100 Dr. Abid Q. Suleri \par\pard\ql \li1440\sb1\sl-238\slmult0 \up

0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf15\f16\fs22 Executive Director, SDP I \par\pard\sect\sectd\fs24\paperw11900\paperh16840\pard\sb0\sl-240{\bkmkstart P g5}{\bkmkend Pg5}\par\pard\ql \li1886\sb0\sl-402\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1886\sb0 \sl-402\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1886\sb0\sl-402\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1886\sb0\s l-402\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1886\sb0\sl-402\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1886\sb158\s l-402\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 \ul0\nosupersub\cf16\f17\fs35 Pakistan \u8217?s National Emigration Policy - A Review \par\pard\ql \li4847\sb0\sl-264\s lmult0 \par\pard\ql\li4847\sb8\sl-264\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0 \nosupersub\cf17\f18\fs23 Maqsood Ahmad Jan \par\pard\ql \li1400\sb0\sl-264\slmu lt0 \par\pard\ql\li1400\sb0\sl-264\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1400\sb9\sl-264\slmult 0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf19\f20\fs23 Abstract \par\pard \qj \li1400\sb0\sl-268\slmult0 \par\pard\qj\li1400\ri1213\sb5\sl-268\slmult0\fi0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf18\f19\fs23 Globally, policies regulating cross border movements have changed extensively. During last few \lin e \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 decades, the global labor market maneuvering due to internal and external economic shocks, \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 po litical resentments in hosting countries and changing skill demands drastically influenced the \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 labor immigration policies of receiving countries. Once encouraging expatriates by opening their \line \up0 \ expndtw0\charscalex102 borders, now the labor hosting countries consider their i mmigration levels very high and are \line \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 attempti ng to lower the numbers of \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \u8216?un-wanted\u 8217? expatriate workers by making working \par\pard\qj \li1400\ri1214\sb0\ sl-266\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 environments un-attractive for immig rant workers already employed. This situation has led to \up0 \expndtw-2\charsca lex100 negative implications for the living as well as working conditio ns of immigrant workers, \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 especially those with l imited education and low level skills. These conditions are particularly \up0 \e xpndtw-4\charscalex100 affecting a large segment of Pakistani emigrant workers, mainly in Gulf countries. \par\pard\qj \li1400\ri1212\sb265\sl-270\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 However, despite all these difficulties, remittances sen t by Pakistani emigrant workers are a \line \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 major source of this country\u8217?s economic life line. Yet, evidence also shows negl igible progress in \line \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 the lives of emigrants \u8217? families who are left behind and lack of government development \ line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 initiatives to acknowledge their hardships. Th ere need to be substantial changes in national \line \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex1 00 policies and management systems for better protection of the vulnerable in th e migration process. \par\pard\qj \li1400\sb0\sl-266\slmult0 \par\pard\qj\li1400 \ri1214\sb8\sl-266\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 In this context, thi s paper aims to evaluate Government of Pakistan\u8217?s proposed Nation al \line \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 Emigration Policy (GoP 2009) to assess th e extent of the policy compliance with the rights and \line \up0 \expndtw0\chars calex102 concerns of emigrants and their family members. The structure of this p aper consists of four \line \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 main sections. \ul0\n osupersub\cf20\f21\fs23 Section \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 1\ul0\nosupersub\ cf18\f19\fs23 provides briefly the global and specifically Pakistani em igration \par\pard\qj \li1400\ri1212\sb0\sl-268\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscale x103 scenario. Furthermore, in this section information on vulnerabilities of e migrants and their \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 families also gives an in sight about the current situation. The contents of this part are important \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 as they set the scene for the construction of the analysis for the review of Pakistan\u8217?s Emigration \line \up0 \expndtw-1\ch arscalex100 Policy draft. \ul0\nosupersub\cf20\f21\fs23 Section 2 \ul0\nosupersu b\cf18\f19\fs23 of this review provides overview of forthcoming policy. The thre e sub-\line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 sections categorically outline the gene sis/rationale for the Emigration Policy formulation and \line \up0 \expndtw-3\ch arscalex100 specifics about the current and future emigration prospects and stra tegies for intending Pakistani \line \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 emigrants wit h protection and welfare measures for emigrants and their family members. \ul0\n

osupersub\cf20\f21\fs23 Section \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 3 \ul0\nosupe rsub\cf18\f19\fs23 examines the contents of proposed Emigration Policy. \ul0\nos upersub\cf20\f21\fs23 Section 4\ul0\nosupersub\cf18\f19\fs23 offers a set of pr oposals to \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 address the issues identified in order to strengthen and improve the country\u8217?s national emigration \line \u p0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 policy. \par\pard\sect\sectd\fs24\paperw11900\paperh 16840\pard\sb0\sl-240{\bkmkstart Pg6}{\bkmkend Pg6}\par\pard\ql \li1400\sb0\sl-1 95\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1400\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1400\sb0\sl-195 \slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1400\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1400\sb0\sl-195\s lmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1400\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1400\sb0\sl-195\slm ult0 \par\pard\ql\li1400\sb94\sl-195\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\ nosupersub\cf21\f22\fs17 Pakistan\u8217?s National Emigration Policy-A Review \p ar\pard\li1400\sb0\sl-310\slmult0\par\pard\li1400\sb210\sl-310\slmult0\fi3775\tx 6576 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf23\f24\fs27 Section\tab \up 0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 1\par\pard\li1400\sb0\sl-264\slmult0\par\pard\li1400\ sb0\sl-264\slmult0\par\pard\li1400\sb14\sl-264\slmult0\fi0\tx2101 \up0 \expndtw3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf19\f20\fs23 1.1\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex 100 Historical and Current Relevance\par\pard\ql \li1400\sb255\sl-264\slmult0\tx 7437 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf18\f19\fs23 The history of emigration from Pakistan is as old as the \tab \up0 \expndtw-1\charscal ex100 1940s when it emerged as an \par\pard\qj \li1400\ri1213\sb12\sl-270\s lmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 independent state. Partition of the Indian sub-continent in 1947 led to massive movement of six \line \up0 \expndtw-1\chars calex100 million people from Pakistan to India permanently based on the ir religious and political \line \up0 \expndtw-5\charscalex100 affiliations \ up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 (Addleton 1992; Arif 1997). The era of \u821 7?50s and then \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \u8217?70s also witnessed a \p ar\pard\qj \li1400\ri1212\sb0\sl-268\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 signi ficant flow of economically motivated emigrants towards Europe and midd le-eastern \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 countries. At present, millions of Paki stani origin migrants are residing in different parts of the \up0 \expndtw0\char scalex104 globe on permanent and temporary basis. Although the accurate details of Pakistani origin \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 migrants are not available, but it is assumed that majority of them are based in middle-eastern \up0 \expndtw-2 \charscalex100 states working as short-term contractual workers.\ul0\super\cf24\ f25\fs23 1\ul0\nosupersub\cf18\f19\fs23 The other major forms include migrants with \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 permanent status in their host countries in de veloped regions like Europe and North America, \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 stud ents and a small proportion of asylum seekers and refugees. These emi grants are \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 economically associated with Pakist an and their contributions are visible in macro-micro \up0 \expndtw-1\cha rscalex100 economy (Gazdar 2003). Pakistan\u8217?s economy has benefited a great deal from foreign exchange \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 remitted by its emigra nts (both diasporas and short term contractual labor workers), as they have \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 sent back around US$ 70 billion since 1970 till 2007 ( SBP 2009). \par\pard\qj \li1400\ri1213\sb264\sl-268\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\char scalex100 The evolution of Pakistan\u8217?s emigration legal and institut ional frameworks passed through \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 various r eformative changes. These reforms initiated by the state were always characteriz ed by a \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 policy of aligning the labor supply c hannels according to the changing global labor market \line \up0 \expndtw-1\char scalex100 dynamics in order to continue the outflow of migrant workers. These re form approaches paved \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 the way for millions of Pakistanis to seize overseas job opportunities in international labor \line \up 0 \expndtw-5\charscalex100 markets. \par\pard\li1400\sb0\sl-264\slmult0\par\pard \li1400\sb24\sl-264\slmult0\fi0\tx2101 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupe rsub\cf19\f20\fs23 1.2\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Context\par\pard\qj \li 1400\ri1212\sb263\sl-266\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\c f18\f19\fs23 Migration processes across the globe are interdependent on the inte rnational economic and geo-\line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 political environ

ment. During the past century, transnational migration witnessed several waves \ line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 of migrant flows resulting mainly from econom ic development and conflicts. At present, almost \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex 100 half of the worldwide migrants are economically active in the global economy (Thieme et al. \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 2009). In this two way proce ss, sending countries benefit from remittances and return of skilled \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 migrants, while receiving countries benefit from the se rvices of immigrant workers. Currently in \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 th e international migration discourse, the role of economic development has gained greater \par\pard\ql \li1400\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1400\sb0\sl-195\ slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1400\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1400\sb88\sl-195\s lmult0\tx1820 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\super\cf25\f26\fs18\ul0\super\c f25\f26\fs17 1 \tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf21\f22\fs17 T he Bureau of Emigration and Overseas Employment (BEOE) is part of the Ministry o f Labor and Manpower \par\pard\qj \li1820\ri1261\sb1\sl-200\slmult0 \up0 \expndt w0\charscalex102 and is responsible for promoting and regulating labor migration from Pakistan. Labor migrants departing to \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 international destinations are recorded by the Bureau and their collected data i s available. According to BEOE, \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 since 1971 till \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 2008, around 4 million male workers pr eceded abroad. The other forms of migrants, like \par\pard\qj \li1820\ri1 250\sb1\sl-200\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 permanent and temporary visi tors and students etc., are recorded by the officials of Ministry of Interior at the \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 point of departure and the Pakistani missions working abroad. The data collected through these mediums is \up0 \expndtw-2\char scalex100 generally not available to the public (Gazdar 2008). \par\pard\ql \li1 400\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1400\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li140 0\sb115\sl-195\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf22\f23\fs 17 2 {\shp {\*\shpinst\shpleft1371\shptop1916\shpright10532\shpbottom1936\shpfhdr0\sh pbxpage\shpbypage\shpwr3\shpwrk0\shpfblwtxt1\shpz12\shplid0 {\sp{\sn shapeType}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipH}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipV}{\sv 0}}{\sp{ \sn geoRight}{\sv 9161}}{\sp{\sn geoBottom}{\sv 20}} {\sp{\sn pVerticies}{\sv 8;4;(0,20);(9161,20);(9161,0);(0,0)}} {\sp{\sn pSegmentInfo}{\sv 2;10;16384;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;24577;32768} } {\sp{\sn fFillOK}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fFilled}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fillColor}{\sv 0}}{\s p{\sn fLine}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn lineType}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fArrowheadsOK}{\sv 1}}{\s p{\sn fBehindDocument}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn lineColor}{\sv 0}} }} {\shp {\*\shpinst\shpleft1400\shptop12915\shpright4201\shpbottom12935\shpfhdr0\s hpbxpage\shpbypage\shpwr3\shpwrk0\shpfblwtxt1\shpz264\shplid1 {\sp{\sn shapeType}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipH}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipV}{\sv 0}}{\sp{ \sn geoRight}{\sv 2801}}{\sp{\sn geoBottom}{\sv 20}} {\sp{\sn pVerticies}{\sv 8;4;(0,20);(2801,20);(2801,0);(0,0)}} {\sp{\sn pSegmentInfo}{\sv 2;10;16384;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;24577;32768} } {\sp{\sn fFillOK}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fFilled}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fillColor}{\sv 0}}{\s p{\sn fLine}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn lineType}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fArrowheadsOK}{\sv 1}}{\s p{\sn fBehindDocument}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn lineColor}{\sv 0}} }}\par\pard\sect\sectd\fs24\paperw11900\paperh16840\pard\sb0\sl-240{\bkmkstart P g7}{\bkmkend Pg7}\par\pard\ql \li8593\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li8593\sb0 \sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li8593\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li8593\sb0\s l-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li8593\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li8593\sb0\sl195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li8593\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li8593\sb94\sl-1 95\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf21\f22\fs17 Policy Pa per Series # 35 \par\pard\qj \li1400\sb0\sl-260\slmult0 \par\pard\qj\li1400\ri12 14\sb252\sl-260\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf18\f19\fs

23 importance. The persistent income and demographic disparities between rich an d poor countries \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 is the main reason behind the int ernational mobility of economically motivated migrants. \par\pard\qj \li1400\sb0 \sl-269\slmult0 \par\pard\qj\li1400\ri1212\sb4\sl-269\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-1\ch arscalex100 Despite its economic pros, the migration process also possesses vari ous cons for its stakeholders. \line \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 In host count ries, immigration is often viewed as the potential reason behind unemployment an d \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 reduced wages for the local labor force (Bo rjas 2009). Political resentment of host populations \line \up0 \expndtw0\charsc alex100 and changing labor demands over the last few decades have largely influe nced the immigration \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 policies and migration management systems of major labor hosting regions. The European Union \line \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 legislative efforts are aiming at facilitating a nd accelerating only the admission of highly \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscal ex105 qualified workers for the purpose of employment on short-term basis. Besid es strict border \line \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 control, to curb irregular immigration, EU is imposing sanctions against employers to reduce the \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 employment available to illegally staying persons (OECD 2000). This is also happening in the \line \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 United States and United Kingdom where immigration policies are being redesigned to in tegrate \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 economic, security and social concern s that have arisen during the last few decades (Powers \line \up0 \expndtw0\char scalex100 2004; Hampshire and Saggar \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 2006). Thi s situation is even more prevalent in the Gulf \par\pard\qj \li1400\ri12 12\sb0\sl-270\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 Cooperation Council (GCC) sta tes, the third largest region of immigration after North America \up0 \expndtw0\ charscalex105 and Europe and host to the largest short-term contract labor immig rants (AMC 2005). The \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 motivation behind GCC state s restrictive policies is that expatriates are now outnumbering the \up0 \expndt w0\charscalex100 local population and workforce. The aim of their policies is to reduce the demand and supply of \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 foreign workers ( Shah 2005). \par\pard\qj \li1400\ri1211\sb263\sl-268\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-1\cha rscalex100 The after effects of these policies are adverse on the vulnerable gro ups, like migrants with less \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 education and s kills (ILO 2006). Also, the consequences of current policy changes are resulting \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 in clandestine immigration of non-qualified migrants towards developed regions surpassing \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscal ex100 immigration through legal channels. In addition, the reservation of right to work only for highly \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 qualified workers is also increasing the volume of un-authorized migrants who eventually \line \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 become illegal after entering legally in the se countries (OECD 2007). The post 9/11 situation and \line \up0 \expndtw-3\char scalex100 War against Terror increased the insecurity of migrants within host co untries. These migrants are \line \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 being identifie d as security threats in most of the developed countries. US immigrat ion \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 authorities detain asylum seekers, tortu re survivors, and victims of human trafficking, long time \line \up0 \expndtw0\c harscalex104 lawful permanent residents and parents of US citizen children. Deta inees often suffer from \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 human rights violatio ns, like non-access to attorneys, relatives and other forms of assistance \line \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 during detention, that are serious violations of i nternational human rights law (AI 2009). During \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscal ex100 the year 2006, US immigration officials apprehended over 1.2 million immig rants, detained over \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 250,000 and removed over 1.3 million individuals from United States in violation of US \li ne \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 immigration laws (Terrazas 2008). The implicatio ns of restrictive policies are more adverse in \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex10 2 Gulf Cooperation States where low wages, high costs of work visa and withdrawa l of social \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 protection for migrant workers be come precedents for discouraging expatriate workers (Shah \line \up0 \expndtw-5\

charscalex100 2005). \par\pard\qj \li1400\sb0\sl-266\slmult0 \par\pard\qj\li1400 \ri1212\sb8\sl-266\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 Currently, an estimated 7 million Pakistani are livings on permanent, temporary or illegal basis \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 in different parts of the world (Hamdani 2006). Bot h the diaspora in developed countries and \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 lab or migrants working, on short-term, non-permanent basis in developing r egions are \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 experiencing troubled times. The nature of their problems vary from region to region and are \par\pard\ql \li1040 6\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li10406\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1040 6\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li10406\sb148\sl-195\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\c harscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf22\f23\fs17 3 {\shp {\*\shpinst\shpleft1371\shptop1916\shpright10532\shpbottom1936\shpfhdr0\sh pbxpage\shpbypage\shpwr3\shpwrk0\shpfblwtxt1\shpz12\shplid0 {\sp{\sn shapeType}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipH}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipV}{\sv 0}}{\sp{ \sn geoRight}{\sv 9161}}{\sp{\sn geoBottom}{\sv 20}} {\sp{\sn pVerticies}{\sv 8;4;(0,20);(9161,20);(9161,0);(0,0)}} {\sp{\sn pSegmentInfo}{\sv 2;10;16384;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;24577;32768} } {\sp{\sn fFillOK}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fFilled}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fillColor}{\sv 0}}{\s p{\sn fLine}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn lineType}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fArrowheadsOK}{\sv 1}}{\s p{\sn fBehindDocument}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn lineColor}{\sv 0}} }}\par\pard\sect\sectd\fs24\paperw11900\paperh16840\pard\sb0\sl-240{\bkmkstart P g8}{\bkmkend Pg8}\par\pard\ql \li1400\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1400\sb0 \sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1400\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1400\sb0\s l-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1400\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1400\sb0\sl195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1400\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1400\sb94\sl-1 95\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf21\f22\fs17 Pakistan\ u8217?s National Emigration Policy-A Review \par\pard\qj \li1400\sb0\sl-268\slmu lt0 \par\pard\qj\li1400\ri1212\sb237\sl-268\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf18\f19\fs23 subject to their status. In developed countries, securitization of migration resulted in substantial \line \up0 \expndtw0\charsca lex104 restrictions on Pakistani diaspora from accessing their basic rights. Whi le the decline in low \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 skilled labor demand and expatriate workers discouragement strategies in Gulf countries \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 confronts millions of Pakistani workers (at prese nt half of our migrant work force in Gulf \line \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 Co operation Council states are uneducated and unskilled) forcing them to come unde r indefinite \line \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 contracts or to become illegal in their host country. During 2003-04, more than 60,000 Pakistani \line \up0 \ex pndtw0\charscalex104 migrants were deported back from different countries due to their illegal status (Arif 2008; \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 PILDAT 2 008). \par\pard\qj \li1400\sb0\sl-268\slmult0 \par\pard\qj\li1400\ri1212\sb4\sl268\slmult0\fi0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 On the other hand, the conditions in the home country are also unfavorable for intending \up0 \expndtw0\charscal ex105 migrants. Before departure the irregularities mainly due to complex migrat ion management \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 system delays, over exploitation by recruiters, involvement of organized human trafficking \up0 \expndtw0\char scalex100 networks are very common (LHRLA 2007). Poor human development conditio ns in the major \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 migrant sending areas with limited coverage of migrant and their families welfare initiatives are \up0 \expndtw0\ch arscalex102 another phenomenon of distress for the migrants and their families ( GoNWFP 2002). There is \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 also evidence of adverse soc ial implications of male emigration on families who are left behind. \up0 \expnd tw-2\charscalex100 A research study by SDPI reveals that the major labor migrant sending areas in northern Pakistan \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107 are drastically lacking basic infrastructure, such as roads, schools, and health facilities. At \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 household level, while labor migration enables sen ding households in covering basic livelihood \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 needs, however, the absence of males often leads to increase in vulnerabilities of the

female \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 family members in the form of mobility rest rictions, no control over remittances and lack of \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 knowledge and access to government facilities (SDPI 2010). \par\pard\qj \li1400\ sb0\sl-266\slmult0 \par\pard\qj\li1400\ri1212\sb8\sl-266\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2 \charscalex100 In response to the current and future challenges, globally safe a nd beneficial migration has been \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 receiving mo re attention at the policy level than ever before. Many intra and inter regional \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 dialogue and support initiatives are in prog ress among sending and receiving countries, UN \line \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex1 00 agencies and civil society organizations (ILO 2006). One good example is the African Union\u8217?s \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 Draft Strategic Framewo rk for a Migration Policy for Africa. The framework is designed for \line \up0 \ expndtw0\charscalex100 developing a coordinated emigration policy based on commo n priorities of African nations by \line \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 covering issues ranging from rights protection to migration and development (AU 2005). \p ar\pard\qj \li1400\sb0\sl-268\slmult0 \par\pard\qj\li1400\ri1212\sb5\sl-268\slmu lt0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 Many labor-sending countries have also altered their emigration strategies to grasp fully the \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 eco nomic benefits acknowledging the importance of protection of the emigrant\u8217? s rights in policy \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 agendas. Philippines is pion eer in protection of its emigrant workers where government \up0 \expndtw 0\charscalex102 authorities often suspend or cease the deployment of workers to certain countries in cases of \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 repeated abuse. Furt hermore, emigrants were provided access to international saving accounts, \up0 \ expndtw0\charscalex102 low cost remittance transfers and incentives for investme nts (Agunias 2008). Pakistan also \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 developed a pro active emigration institutional infrastructure to deal with the labor emigration \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 with the aim of providing better services to over seas Pakistanis and their dependants with multi\up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 pro nged strategies. Many welfare programs have been formulated according to the nee ds of the \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 emigrants and their families, includi ng health and education facilities for the emigrant \up0 \expndtw0\charsc alex102 dependants and pensions programs. To support the emigrants\u8217? intere sts abroad, Community \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 Welfare Attachs (CWAs) are dep uted to maintain close links with emigrants to help resolve \up0 \expndtw-5\char scalex100 their problems and grievances (OPF 2009). \par\pard\ql \li1400\sb0\sl195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1400\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1400\sb0\sl-19 5\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1400\sb148\sl-195\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf22\f23\fs17 4 {\shp {\*\shpinst\shpleft1371\shptop1916\shpright10532\shpbottom1936\shpfhdr0\sh pbxpage\shpbypage\shpwr3\shpwrk0\shpfblwtxt1\shpz12\shplid0 {\sp{\sn shapeType}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipH}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipV}{\sv 0}}{\sp{ \sn geoRight}{\sv 9161}}{\sp{\sn geoBottom}{\sv 20}} {\sp{\sn pVerticies}{\sv 8;4;(0,20);(9161,20);(9161,0);(0,0)}} {\sp{\sn pSegmentInfo}{\sv 2;10;16384;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;24577;32768} } {\sp{\sn fFillOK}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fFilled}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fillColor}{\sv 0}}{\s p{\sn fLine}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn lineType}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fArrowheadsOK}{\sv 1}}{\s p{\sn fBehindDocument}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn lineColor}{\sv 0}} }}\par\pard\sect\sectd\fs24\paperw11900\paperh16840\pard\sb0\sl-240{\bkmkstart P g9}{\bkmkend Pg9}\par\pard\ql \li8593\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li8593\sb0 \sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li8593\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li8593\sb0\s l-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li8593\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li8593\sb0\sl195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li8593\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li8593\sb94\sl-1 95\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf21\f22\fs17 Policy Pa per Series # 35 \par\pard\li1400\sb0\sl-264\slmult0\par\pard\li1400\sb257\sl-264 \slmult0\fi0\tx2101 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf19\f20\fs23 1.3\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Rationale\par\pard\qj \li1400\ri1212\sb261 \sl-268\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 \ul0\nosupersub\cf18\f19\fs23 Despi

te the existence of institutional infrastructure for protection and welfare, mos t of the \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Pakistani emigrants and their families ar e faced with exploitation that expose gaps in the existing \up0 \expndtw-2\chars calex100 legal and institutional frameworks and demands special attention. The p urpose of this review is \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 to analyze the Government of Pakistan\u8217?s forthcoming National Emigration Policy for compliance \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 with the rights of migrants and their families, at the p olicy and practical level, related to the \up0 \expndtw-5\charscalex100 design, implementation, benefits and expected challenges ahead. \par\pard\qj \li1400\ri1 213\sb0\sl-270\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 Furthermore analysis at thi s stage is important and timely as the National Emigration Policy has \up0 \expn dtw0\charscalex105 been tabled for a final review and formal approval before the legislative houses, National \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 Assembly and Senat e. Issues raised in this review will help in generating debate among \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 stakeholders, particularly policy makers and member s of both legislative house members to \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 assess and discuss the challenges of producing a highly skilled human resource and protecti ng its \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 emigrant workers and their families from an y form of exploitation during the emigration cycle in \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex 100 this policy draft before its final approval. \par\pard\li1400\sb0\sl-264\slm ult0\par\pard\li1400\sb9\sl-264\slmult0\fi0\tx2101 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf19\f20\fs23 1.4\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Analytical Framework\par\pard\qj \li1400\ri1212\sb245\sl-270\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charsca lex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf18\f19\fs23 The analysis framework for this review is d eveloped after thorough assessment of the situation \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 faced by Pakistani emigrants and their families. That signifies attention to th e core issues of \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 protection, revision of regula ting policies and infrastructures development needed to meet \up0 \expndt w0\charscalex100 current and new challenges of international emigration and the expansion of emigration benefits \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 at the micro leve ls. \par\pard\qj \li1400\sb0\sl-268\slmult0 \par\pard\qj\li1400\ri1212\sb4\sl-26 8\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 Based on this, the analysis will focus on the three thematic areas, \ul0\nosupersub\cf20\f21\fs23 (a)\ul0\nosupersub\cf18 \f19\fs23 how the \ul0\nosupersub\cf26\f27\fs23 protection \ul0\nosupersub\cf18 \f19\fs23 of \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 emigrants and their families wil l be insured in this policy? \ul0\nosupersub\cf20\f21\fs23 (b)\ul0\nosupersub\c f18\f19\fs23 What strategies have been \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 propo sed for the improvement of emigrant management system \ul0\nosupersub\cf26\f27\f s23 efficacy\ul0\nosupersub\cf18\f19\fs23 and \ul0\nosupersub\cf26\f27\fs23 pre paredness\ul0\nosupersub\cf18\f19\fs23 for \line \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 dealing with current and future emigration challenges? \ul0\nosupersub\cf20\f21\ fs23 (c)\ul0\nosupersub\cf18\f19\fs23 What strategies have been proposed \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 for the extension of emigration \ul0\nosupersub\cf2 6\f27\fs23 development\ul0\nosupersub\cf18\f19\fs23 at the micro level? These i ndicators are broad in \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 nature and would try to encompass the major steps involving the cyclical process of emigration, \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 while reviewing the viability of both structural a nd functional approaches suggested in the \line \up0 \expndtw-5\charscalex100 pr oposed policy. \par\pard\ql \li10406\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li10406\sb0 \sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li10406\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li10406\sb0 \sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li10406\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li10406\sb0 \sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li10406\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li10406\sb0 \sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li10406\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li10406\sb0 \sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li10406\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li10406\sb0 \sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li10406\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li10406\sb0 \sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li10406\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li10406\sb0 \sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li10406\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li10406\sb0 \sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li10406\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li10406\sb0 \sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li10406\sb53\sl-195\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charsca lex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf22\f23\fs17 5

{\shp {\*\shpinst\shpleft1371\shptop1916\shpright10532\shpbottom1936\shpfhdr0\sh pbxpage\shpbypage\shpwr3\shpwrk0\shpfblwtxt1\shpz12\shplid0 {\sp{\sn shapeType}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipH}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipV}{\sv 0}}{\sp{ \sn geoRight}{\sv 9161}}{\sp{\sn geoBottom}{\sv 20}} {\sp{\sn pVerticies}{\sv 8;4;(0,20);(9161,20);(9161,0);(0,0)}} {\sp{\sn pSegmentInfo}{\sv 2;10;16384;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;24577;32768} } {\sp{\sn fFillOK}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fFilled}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fillColor}{\sv 0}}{\s p{\sn fLine}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn lineType}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fArrowheadsOK}{\sv 1}}{\s p{\sn fBehindDocument}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn lineColor}{\sv 0}} }}\par\pard\sect\sectd\fs24\paperw11900\paperh16840\pard\sb0\sl-240{\bkmkstart P g10}{\bkmkend Pg10}\par\pard\ql \li1400\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1400\s b0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1400\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1400\sb0 \sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1400\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1400\sb0\s l-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1400\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1400\sb94\sl -195\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf21\f22\fs17 Pakista n\u8217?s National Emigration Policy-A Review \par\pard\li1400\sb0\sl-310\slmult 0\par\pard\li1400\sb210\sl-310\slmult0\fi3775\tx6576 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex1 00 \ul0\nosupersub\cf23\f24\fs27 Section\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 2\par \pard\li1400\sb0\sl-264\slmult0\par\pard\li1400\sb0\sl-264\slmult0\par\pard\li14 00\sb14\sl-264\slmult0\fi0\tx2101 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\ cf19\f20\fs23 2.1\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Overview of the Policy\par\p ard\qj \li1400\ri1212\sb251\sl-268\slmult0\fi0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 \ul0 \nosupersub\cf18\f19\fs23 The Emigration Policy can be divided into three major parts on the basis of its contents. \ul0\nosupersub\cf26\f27\fs23 Part \line \up 0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 one, \ul0\nosupersub\cf20\f21\fs23 Policy Background\ ul0\nosupersub\cf18\f19\fs23 consists of three chapters that provide background information about \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 Pakistan\u8217?s economic scenario with a focus on its population and labor force, followed by a \line \up 0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 detailed summary of different aspects of overseas emi gration from Pakistan. \ul0\nosupersub\cf26\f27\fs23 Part two, \ul0\nosupersub\c f20\f21\fs23 Current \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 Challenges and Future Pr ospects,\ul0\nosupersub\cf18\f19\fs23 comprises of fourth and fifth chapters, w hich provide a \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 situation analysis of current internal and external challenges, impeding safe emigration process. \line \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 Further, this section also explores briefly the prospec ts for increasing emigrants in existing and \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 other future markets. \ul0\nosupersub\cf26\f27\fs23 Part three, \ul0\nosuper sub\cf20\f21\fs23 Future Strategies,\ul0\nosupersub\cf26\f27\fs23 \ul0\nosupe rsub\cf18\f19\fs23 explains in detail the strategies and \line \up0 \expnd tw0\charscalex100 implementing mechanisms proposed for promoting emigration, pro tecting emigrants, female \line \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 emigration, remitt ance management and restructuring and development of regulation and welfare \lin e \up0 \expndtw-5\charscalex100 setups. \par\pard\li1400\sb0\sl-264\slmult0\par\ pard\li1400\sb32\sl-264\slmult0\fi0\tx2101 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\no supersub\cf19\f20\fs23 2.2\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Policy Background\p ar\pard\qj \li1400\ri1213\sb252\sl-270\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 \ul0 \nosupersub\cf18\f19\fs23 This part of the Policy gives a background on the impo rtance of emigration in global economic \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 developmen t. It further elaborates that sending countries benefit not only from foreign ex change \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex108 inflow, but also the knowledge and skills br ought back as human capital by the returning \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 emigra nts. Based on this notion, the Policy stresses on the need of cooperation and mu ltilateral \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 approaches between governments of se nding and receiving countries for open and flexible \up0 \expndtw-2\charscale x100 policies and adequate and transparent mechanisms that helps the free moveme nt of labor. Also, it \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 stresses on the importance of civil society, trade unions and the private sector in the dialogues/ \up0 \expn dtw-1\charscalex100 interactions amongst the various stakeholders for info

rmation sharing and identification of \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 effectiv e mechanisms that can deal with the challenges of emigration. \par\pard\qj \li14 00\ri1211\sb251\sl-270\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 Focusing on Pakista n\u8217?s labor surplus which is comprised of a diverse group of citizens from t he \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 illiterate and semi skilled to the skilled , educated and even highly qualified professionals, the \line \up0 \expndtw-2\ch arscalex100 proposed Policy considers it a major challenge for policy makers to design innovative strategies \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 for exploring all possible avenues to generate decent employment including overseas \l ine \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 employment. \par\pard\qj \li1400\sb0\sl-268\sl mult0 \par\pard\qj\li1400\ri1213\sb4\sl-268\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex10 0 This section also provides a brief overview of the historic evolution of Pakis tan\u8217?s economy, labor \line \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 emigration histor y with past and current trends, major destination regions, emigrant skill profil es, \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 domestic supply situation and institutio nal and legal frameworks for regulating emigration. The \line \up0 \expndtw0\cha rscalex100 Policy admits that Pakistan is currently facing challenges in terms o f i) improving capacity to \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 regulate the recru itment process; ii) eliminating unsafe; exploitative and abusive situations of \ line \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 emigration; iii) improving protective and wel fare mechanisms for emigrants; and iv) importantly, \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charsc alex100 not only retaining and expanding share of our workforce in the tradition al host countries but also \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 emerging as an im portant source country for non-traditional destinations, such as South East \par \pard\ql \li1400\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1400\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\ pard\ql\li1400\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1400\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pa rd\ql\li1400\sb173\sl-195\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\ cf22\f23\fs17 6 {\shp {\*\shpinst\shpleft1371\shptop1916\shpright10532\shpbottom1936\shpfhdr0\sh pbxpage\shpbypage\shpwr3\shpwrk0\shpfblwtxt1\shpz12\shplid0 {\sp{\sn shapeType}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipH}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipV}{\sv 0}}{\sp{ \sn geoRight}{\sv 9161}}{\sp{\sn geoBottom}{\sv 20}} {\sp{\sn pVerticies}{\sv 8;4;(0,20);(9161,20);(9161,0);(0,0)}} {\sp{\sn pSegmentInfo}{\sv 2;10;16384;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;24577;32768} } {\sp{\sn fFillOK}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fFilled}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fillColor}{\sv 0}}{\s p{\sn fLine}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn lineType}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fArrowheadsOK}{\sv 1}}{\s p{\sn fBehindDocument}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn lineColor}{\sv 0}} }}\par\pard\sect\sectd\fs24\paperw11900\paperh16840\pard\sb0\sl-240{\bkmkstart P g11}{\bkmkend Pg11}\par\pard\ql \li8593\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li8593\s b0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li8593\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li8593\sb0 \sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li8593\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li8593\sb0\s l-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li8593\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li8593\sb94\sl -195\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf21\f22\fs17 Policy Paper Series # 35 \par\pard\qj \li1400\sb0\sl-260\slmult0 \par\pard\qj\li1400\ri 1215\sb252\sl-260\slmult0\fi0 \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf18 \f19\fs23 Asian, East Asian and industrialized countries. The Policy con siders these issues vital for \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 maximizing the d evelopment benefits in the future. \par\pard\ql \li1400\sb0\sl-264\slmult0 \par\ pard\ql\li1400\sb13\sl-264\slmult0\tx2101 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nos upersub\cf19\f20\fs23 2.3 \tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Current Challenges and Future Prospects \par\pard\qj \li1400\sb0\sl-270\slmult0 \par\pard\qj\li1400 \ri1212\sb2\sl-270\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 \ul0\nosupersub\cf18\f19 \fs23 This part of the Emigration Policy is of central importance due to its foc us which revolves \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 around the two core areas: major challenges obstructing safe migration; and future prospects for \up0 \expndtw-3 \charscalex100 increasing labor emigration to traditional and non-traditional la bor demanding regions. The main \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 challenges highlig hted include lack of information, high cost of emigration, skills commensurate \

up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 with overseas demand and language proficiency, diplo matic efficiency for progressive labor \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 marketing, remittances transfers and productive utilization, protection of the rights of em igrants, \up0 \expndtw-5\charscalex100 irregular emigration, the nativization po licy, health and HIV/AIDS. \par\pard\ql \li1400\sb255\sl-264\slmult0 \up0 \expnd tw0\charscalex100 The Policy considers lack of information as a challenge in ter ms of in-sufficient information \par\pard\li1400\sb24\sl-264\slmult0\fi0\tx2712\ tx3987\tx5382\tx6435\tx8149\tx8761\tx10157 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 regardi ng\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 returning\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 emigrants,\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 gender\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charsca lex100 desegregation\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 of\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\ch arscalex100 emigrants,\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 job\par\pard\qj \li1400 \ri1261\sb0\sl-268\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 opportunities/options/d escriptions for intending emigrants and about emigrants\u8217? health. It also \ up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 points to the gaps in collecting, collating and ana lyzing information required for strengthening \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 orie ntation/briefing to the prospective emigrants, timely response to emergencies, d evelopment \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 programs, projects and immigration poli cies. Further, it also identifies the missing role of other \up0 \expndtw-2\char scalex100 stakeholders, especially associations of emigrant workers in guiding p rospective emigrants and \up0 \expndtw-5\charscalex100 advocating for their righ ts. \par\pard\qj \li1400\ri1260\sb258\sl-268\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex10 4 The high cost of emigration and the absence of a formal system of emigration f inancing is \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 another major concern of the Policy. It identifies an increasingly competitive environment for \up0 \expndtw0\charscale x102 Overseas Employment Promoters in seeking work opportunities; involve ment of sub\up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 agents/middlemen; and the absence of formal financial support as being the main reasons behind \up0 \expndtw-3\charsc alex100 the exorbitant increase in emigration costs, forcing potential emigrants to borrow from informal \up0 \expndtw-5\charscalex100 sources or sell assets to finance the cost of emigration. \par\pard\qj \li1400\sb0\sl-270\slmult0 \par\pa rd\qj\li1400\ri1213\sb1\sl-270\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 Technical an d language skills that commensurate with labor market demands of the receiving \ up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 countries are the main thrust of the proposed Policy . It highlights the need of institutions that \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 excl usively impart country and sub-region specific technical and vocational educatio n training to \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 the foreign work aspirants who often do not match the required skills and hence face difficulties \up0 \expndtw-5\ch arscalex100 in obtaining and retaining their jobs. \par\pard\qj \li1400\sb0\sl-2 67\slmult0 \par\pard\qj\li1400\ri1259\sb6\sl-267\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-4\charsca lex100 To deal with the country\u8217?s unemployment and under employment proble ms, the Policy considers \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 current actions an d policies below the desired level and calls for the development of \ line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 employment and HRD led macro and sectoral poli cies for tapping the employment potential \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 ove rseas. The Policy also suggests coordinated and integrated responses to strength en and \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 streamline institutional mechanisms wi th the support of pro-active diplomatic channels for \line \up0 \expndtw-4\chars calex100 promoting the emigration of Pakistani women and men. For this purpose, the mediums identified \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 are: enhanced role of Pakistani foreign missions in showcasing Pakistani workforce, particularly \lin e \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 of the community welfare\ul0\nosupersub\cf27\f28 \fs23 \ul0\nosupersub\cf18\f19\fs23 attachs for the promotion of emigration and protection of Pakistani \line \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 emigrants. The Pol icy also considers streamlining the process of labor agreements or \par \pard\ql \li10406\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li10406\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \pa r\pard\ql\li10406\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li10406\sb148\sl-195\slmult0 \ up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf22\f23\fs17 7 {\shp {\*\shpinst\shpleft1371\shptop1916\shpright10532\shpbottom1936\shpfhdr0\sh

pbxpage\shpbypage\shpwr3\shpwrk0\shpfblwtxt1\shpz12\shplid0 {\sp{\sn shapeType}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipH}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipV}{\sv 0}}{\sp{ \sn geoRight}{\sv 9161}}{\sp{\sn geoBottom}{\sv 20}} {\sp{\sn pVerticies}{\sv 8;4;(0,20);(9161,20);(9161,0);(0,0)}} {\sp{\sn pSegmentInfo}{\sv 2;10;16384;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;24577;32768} } {\sp{\sn fFillOK}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fFilled}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fillColor}{\sv 0}}{\s p{\sn fLine}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn lineType}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fArrowheadsOK}{\sv 1}}{\s p{\sn fBehindDocument}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn lineColor}{\sv 0}} }}\par\pard\sect\sectd\fs24\paperw11900\paperh16840\pard\sb0\sl-240{\bkmkstart P g12}{\bkmkend Pg12}\par\pard\ql \li1400\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1400\s b0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1400\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1400\sb0 \sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1400\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1400\sb0\s l-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1400\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1400\sb94\sl -195\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf21\f22\fs17 Pakista n\u8217?s National Emigration Policy-A Review \par\pard\qj \li1400\sb0\sl-270\sl mult0 \par\pard\qj\li1400\ri1259\sb234\sl-270\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex1 00 \ul0\nosupersub\cf18\f19\fs23 memorandum of understanding (MOUs) important in developing and strengthening avenues of \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 safe emig ration and also agreeing upon a framework for protecting the rights of working w omen \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 and men. \par\pard\qj \li1400\sb0\sl-268\slmu lt0 \par\pard\qj\li1400\ri1260\sb4\sl-268\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 R emittance management in terms of inflow channels and its uses at the micro-level is also \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 another focus of this Policy. It consider s non-availability/non-responsiveness of formal banking \up0 \expndtw0\charscale x106 institutions in the important destination countries a reason for the relian ce of the Pakistani \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 emigrants in utilizing the info rmal mode of money transaction system due to its approachable, \up0 \expndtw0\ch arscalex102 cheaper and faster service. Lack of proper guidance of productive ut ilization of remittances at \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 micro-level is another area of concern. \par\pard\qj \li1400\sb0\sl-260\slmult0 \par\pard\qj\li1400\ri 1260\sb19\sl-260\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 The Policy also exposes the hostilities faced by the Pakistani emigrant workers in their \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 destination countries. Instances of non- implementation or breach of contractual agreement by \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 employers, non-provision of legal and social protection are the common practices. \par\pard \qj \li1400\sb0\sl-268\slmult0 \par\pard\qj\li1400\ri1212\sb6\sl-268\slmult0 \up 0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 Various forms of irregular migration, like trafficking , smuggling, use of social visit visa for the \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 purpo se of employment, non-renewal of passport or even employment visa and over stay in the \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 host country and deportation of Pakista ni emigrant workers from their host countries are \up0 \expndtw0\charscal ex102 increasing the vulnerability of victims and also defaming the country glob ally. Although there \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 exist legal and institutio nal frameworks for controlling the irregularities in the emigration \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 system, the situation is still challenging for managem ent authorities. \par\pard\qj \li1400\sb0\sl-266\slmult0 \par\pard\qj\li1400\ri1 214\sb8\sl-266\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 The situation in Gulf region after the introduction of nativization policy is also a major concern \up0 \exp ndtw-2\charscalex100 in the new policy reform process. The GoP has demanded atte ntion at two levels, first a thorough \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107 assessment of demographic profile and HRD policies of the Gulf countries; and second, it \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 recommends evolving a strategy for making inroads in c ountries of other region. \par\pard\qj \li1400\sb0\sl-270\slmult0 \par\pard\qj\l i1400\ri1213\sb1\sl-270\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 Lack of proper acce ss to health and HIV/AIDS preventive services and information before \up0 \expnd tw0\charscalex102 departure or after arriving at their destination country makes expatriate workers vulnerable. In \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 case of serious illness and HIV/AIDS infection they often face deportation carrying the risk of \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 subsequent infection to their partners after

their repatriation. Further, the imposition of \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 mandatory HIV testing for emigrants is causing serious rights violations and so the Policy \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 demands a cooperative mechanism am ongst the labor sending and receiving countries for \up0 \expndtw-3\chars calex100 reducing the vulnerabilities of infected emigrants and their families. \par\pard\qj \li1400\sb0\sl-266\slmult0 \par\pard\qj\li1400\ri1213\sb8\sl-266\sl mult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 Based on a thorough assessment of future labo r demands in the international labor markets and \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 wi th the hope of liberalization of Mode IV (movement of natural persons) under the General \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS) of t he World Trade Organization (WTO), the Policy \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 calls for international market oriented policies and institutions to seize the potential \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 opportunities. Being aware of the fa ct that demands for highly-qualified labor might be able to \up0 \expndtw-1\char scalex100 create deficiency in the local employment sector, this Policy draft re commends that first priority \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 be accorded to those occupations where we have excess supply. \par\pard\ql \li1400\sb0\sl-195\slmult 0 \par\pard\ql\li1400\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1400\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1400\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1400\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \p ar\pard\ql\li1400\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1400\sb103\sl-195\slmult0 \u p0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf22\f23\fs17 8 {\shp {\*\shpinst\shpleft1371\shptop1916\shpright10532\shpbottom1936\shpfhdr0\sh pbxpage\shpbypage\shpwr3\shpwrk0\shpfblwtxt1\shpz12\shplid0 {\sp{\sn shapeType}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipH}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipV}{\sv 0}}{\sp{ \sn geoRight}{\sv 9161}}{\sp{\sn geoBottom}{\sv 20}} {\sp{\sn pVerticies}{\sv 8;4;(0,20);(9161,20);(9161,0);(0,0)}} {\sp{\sn pSegmentInfo}{\sv 2;10;16384;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;24577;32768} } {\sp{\sn fFillOK}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fFilled}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fillColor}{\sv 0}}{\s p{\sn fLine}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn lineType}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fArrowheadsOK}{\sv 1}}{\s p{\sn fBehindDocument}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn lineColor}{\sv 0}} }}\par\pard\sect\sectd\fs24\paperw11900\paperh16840\pard\sb0\sl-240{\bkmkstart P g13}{\bkmkend Pg13}\par\pard\ql \li8593\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li8593\s b0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li8593\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li8593\sb0 \sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li8593\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li8593\sb0\s l-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li8593\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li8593\sb94\sl -195\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf21\f22\fs17 Policy Paper Series # 35 \par\pard\li1400\sb0\sl-264\slmult0\par\pard\li1400\sb257\sl-2 64\slmult0\fi0\tx2101 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf19\f20\fs2 3 2.4\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Future Strategies\par\pard\qj \li1400\ri 1212\sb261\sl-268\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf18\f19 \fs23 The third and final part of the Emigration Policy includes a number of ste ps under consideration \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 for promoting emigration and also for safeguarding the interests of emigrant workers. These \up0 \expndtw0\c harscalex107 initiatives are based on the current and future challenges that are briefly mentioned in the \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 previous section. These s teps can be grouped under: promoting emigration; protecting the rights \up0 \exp ndtw0\charscalex104 of emigrants; movement under WTO Mode IV; and plans for fema le emigration (which was \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 totally undermined in the past). \par\pard\qj \li1400\sb0\sl-268\slmult0 \par\pard\qj\li1400\ri1211\sb4\s l-268\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 For \ul0\nosupersub\cf26\f27\fs23 pro moting emigration\ul0\nosupersub\cf18\f19\fs23 in a safe and secure environment , the Policy suggests a number of \line \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 measures i ncluding aggressive marketing in traditional and non-traditional labor markets t hrough \line \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 state delegates and foreign missi ons, job fairs by showcasing Pakistan\u8217?s educational and \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 Technical Education and Vocational Training (TVET) inst itutions, enhanced role of community \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 welfare attachs and bilateral accords for securing quotas. For reducing costs,

the Policy \line \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 recommends an upward revision of the legal fee charged by an overseas employment promoter \line \up0 \expndtw2\charscalex100 for the services provided by carefully reviewing his/her operati onal cost in seeking employment \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 visas overse as, and developing a mechanism for financing emigration - may be through banks a t \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 low mark-ups with the support of the Minist ry of Finance (MoF) and State Bank of Pakistan \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex1 00 (SBP). Considering importance of overseas employment promoters in promoting e migration, the \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 Policy also suggests performa nce awards, authorization of appointing sub agents and support in \line \up0 \ex pndtw-1\charscalex100 acquiring travel documents. Simplification of emigration p rocedures is another area of concern \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 for easi ng the emigration process. For this, the Policy proposes establishment of one-st op-\line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 centers/overseas Pakistanis complex as a f acilitation center initially in five major cities for \line \up0 \expndtw-1\char scalex100 intending emigrants seeking services like job information, identificat ion and travel documents, \line \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 medical test, purc hase of air ticket, briefing/orientation about the destination country, language \line \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 training, verification of certificates/docu ments, skill training, trade testing and registering as an \line \up0 \expndtw-5 \charscalex100 intending emigrant. \par\pard\qj \li1400\sb0\sl-270\slmult0 \par\ pard\qj\li1400\ri1213\sb1\sl-270\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 A consort ium comprising of National Vocational and Technical Education Commission \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 (NAVTEC), provincial Technical Education an d Vocational Training Authorities (TEVTAs) and \line \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex1 00 National Training Bureau \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 (NTB) and Bureau of Emigration and Overseas Employment \par\pard\qj \li1400\ri1214\sb0\sl-270 \slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 (BE&OE) with the support of Overseas Emplo yment Corporation and Overseas Employment \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 Pr omoters will take initiative to establish technical training centers for imparti ng short and long \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 duration programs- large ly under public-private partnership \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 - in diff erent cities, some \par\pard\qj \li1400\ri1211\sb0\sl-268\slmult0 \up0 \expndt w0\charscalex100 exclusively for women, to impart skills development on trades in demand overseas in \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 collaboration wit h countries of destination to establish their minimum requirements, in particula r \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 for skilled occupations. Further, mechanism and strategies will be developed for the accreditation \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 of these technical centers from internationally recognized agencies dealing wit h skill assessment, \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 trade testing and certificatio n. Special emphasis will be also given to basic language knowledge \up0 \expndtw -5\charscalex100 required in host countries for emigrant workers at minimal cost s. \par\pard\qj \li1400\ri1212\sb254\sl-270\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex10 0 The \ul0\nosupersub\cf26\f27\fs23 emigrant\u8217?s protection\ul0\nosupersub \cf18\f19\fs23 will be secured through various channels covering the w hole \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 emigration cycle. \ul0\nosupersub\cf26\ f27\fs23 In country\ul0\nosupersub\cf18\f19\fs23 for awareness raising of inten ding emigrants about safe emigration, \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 campai gns through media, counseling centers will be launched. Foreign employment exc hanges \par\pard\ql \li10406\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li10406\sb0\sl-195\ slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li10406\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li10406\sb147\sl-19 5\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf22\f23\fs17 9 {\shp {\*\shpinst\shpleft1371\shptop1916\shpright10532\shpbottom1936\shpfhdr0\sh pbxpage\shpbypage\shpwr3\shpwrk0\shpfblwtxt1\shpz12\shplid0 {\sp{\sn shapeType}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipH}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipV}{\sv 0}}{\sp{ \sn geoRight}{\sv 9161}}{\sp{\sn geoBottom}{\sv 20}} {\sp{\sn pVerticies}{\sv 8;4;(0,20);(9161,20);(9161,0);(0,0)}} {\sp{\sn pSegmentInfo}{\sv 2;10;16384;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;24577;32768} }

{\sp{\sn fFillOK}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fFilled}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fillColor}{\sv 0}}{\s p{\sn fLine}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn lineType}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fArrowheadsOK}{\sv 1}}{\s p{\sn fBehindDocument}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn lineColor}{\sv 0}} }}\par\pard\sect\sectd\fs24\paperw11900\paperh16840\pard\sb0\sl-240{\bkmkstart P g14}{\bkmkend Pg14}\par\pard\ql \li1400\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1400\s b0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1400\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1400\sb0 \sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1400\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1400\sb0\s l-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1400\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1400\sb94\sl -195\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf21\f22\fs17 Pakista n\u8217?s National Emigration Policy-A Review \par\pard\qj \li1400\sb0\sl-268\sl mult0 \par\pard\qj\li1400\ri1212\sb237\sl-268\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex1 00 \ul0\nosupersub\cf18\f19\fs23 with intending emigrants\u8217? database will a lso be established for linking recruiting agencies and \line \up0 \expndtw-1\cha rscalex100 employers in an accountable and transparent way. Recruitment process through overseas \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 employment promote rs will be vigilantly checked for controlling fraudulent and overcharging \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 practices. Before departure, emigrants will be edu cated about basic health, prevention and access \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex1 04 to health services especially in countries of their destinations. The existi ng emigrants\u8217? life \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 insurance programs will be supplemented with health coverage to protect emigrants from serious \lin e \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 ailments. In the \ul0\nosupersub\cf26\f27\fs23 c ountries of destination,\ul0\nosupersub\cf18\f19\fs23 emigrants will be duly re gistered at their local foreign \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 missions. Pa kistani embassies/missions, the concerned officials, particularly community welf are \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 attachs will be available around the clock for addressing the emigrants\u8217? problems. Besides in \line \up0 \expndtw-3\ charscalex100 country briefings, emigrants will be again de-briefed on their rig hts in the host country, informed \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 of the loca l conditions and the laws of and legal support available in the host country. A legal \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 support mechanism will also be develop ed for providing legal support to the workers in distress \line \up0 \expndtw0\c harscalex106 in the country of work. At the policy level, a process of state-tostate bilateral accords or \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 Memorandum of U nderstandings (exclusively framed on emigrant workers rights) will be \l ine \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 initiated for providing protection cover to em igrant workers in their host countries. \par\pard\qj \li1400\sb0\sl-267\slmult0 \par\pard\qj\li1400\ri1210\sb6\sl-267\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 The Policy also proposes speedy processing of emigrant complaint cases and re commends \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 streamlining the existing judicial i nfrastructure and procedures. The deportation of Pakistani \line \up0 \expndtw-2 \charscalex100 emigrants is a complex issue, as some of them are victims of traf ficking, frauds and while many \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 are legal, th ey are forced to leave their destination countries. It recommends less punitive actions \line \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 for deportees involved in violation of laws; and evolving facilitating mechanisms for providing \line \up0 \expndtw0 \charscalex100 immediate relief and supporting forced deportees in perusal of th eir dues. Crisis Management \line \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 and Preparedness during emergencies in host countries is also on the agenda of the Emigration \l ine \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 Policy and it recommends formation of joint min isterial task force for development of crises \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex10 0 management programs. \par\pard\qj \li1400\sb0\sl-266\slmult0 \par\pard\qj\li14 00\ri1213\sb8\sl-266\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 The National Emigratio n Policy is also keenly focusing on preparations for \ul0\nosupersub\cf26\f27\fs 23 Mode IV of the \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 WTO\ul0\nosupersub\cf18\f19 \fs23 . For exploring this avenue, the Policy stresses on aggressive trade diplo macy in WTO \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 developed member states for secu ring work opportunities for Pakistani emigrant workers. It also \line \up0 \expn dtw-2\charscalex100 recommends collective efforts among WTO developing sta te members for projecting and \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 defending t

heir interests under this mode. To support all these initiatives, a Mode IV rese arch \line \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 unit will be established in the Ministr y of Labor and Manpower. This unit will operate in close \line \up0 \expndtw-4\c harscalex100 cooperation with the Ministry of Commerce (MoC) and Pakistan WTO mi ssion in Geneva. \par\pard\qj \li1400\sb0\sl-268\slmult0 \par\pard\qj\li1400\ri1 213\sb5\sl-268\slmult0\fi0 \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 The most important f eature of this part are the government plans for enhancing \ul0\nosuper sub\cf26\f27\fs23 female \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 emigration\ul0\nosu persub\cf18\f19\fs23 , which was totally undermined in the past. The Policy stre sses adopting multi-\line \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 pronged strategies and m echanisms to mainstream women in the overall emigration process. In \line \up0 \ expndtw0\charscalex102 this regard, a task force with the support of a Market Re search, Facilitation and Information \line \up0 \expndtw-5\charscalex100 Center \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 (MRFIC) will be appointed to identify the bo ttlenecks and prospects of female \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 emigrat ion. The Center will be also responsible for designing special programs for skills \line \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 development and awareness about o verseas employment. The Policy also proposes establishment \line \up0 \expndtw-2 \charscalex100 of a Female Migration Resource Center (FMRC). Intending female em igrant will be trained and \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 briefed at the re gional offices of the Bureau of Emigration and Overseas Employment (BE&OE). \lin e \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Specific rules will also be promulgated with spe cial attention given to the protection of female \par\pard\ql \li1400\sb0\sl-195 \slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1400\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1400\sb0\sl-195\s lmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1400\sb148\sl-195\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \u l0\nosupersub\cf22\f23\fs17 10 {\shp {\*\shpinst\shpleft1371\shptop1916\shpright10532\shpbottom1936\shpfhdr0\sh pbxpage\shpbypage\shpwr3\shpwrk0\shpfblwtxt1\shpz12\shplid0 {\sp{\sn shapeType}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipH}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipV}{\sv 0}}{\sp{ \sn geoRight}{\sv 9161}}{\sp{\sn geoBottom}{\sv 20}} {\sp{\sn pVerticies}{\sv 8;4;(0,20);(9161,20);(9161,0);(0,0)}} {\sp{\sn pSegmentInfo}{\sv 2;10;16384;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;24577;32768} } {\sp{\sn fFillOK}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fFilled}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fillColor}{\sv 0}}{\s p{\sn fLine}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn lineType}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fArrowheadsOK}{\sv 1}}{\s p{\sn fBehindDocument}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn lineColor}{\sv 0}} }}\par\pard\sect\sectd\fs24\paperw11900\paperh16840\pard\sb0\sl-240{\bkmkstart P g15}{\bkmkend Pg15}\par\pard\ql \li8593\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li8593\s b0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li8593\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li8593\sb0 \sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li8593\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li8593\sb0\s l-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li8593\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li8593\sb94\sl -195\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf21\f22\fs17 Policy Paper Series # 35 \par\pard\qj \li1400\sb0\sl-266\slmult0 \par\pard\qj\li1400\ri 1213\sb241\sl-266\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf18\f19\ fs23 emigrants. Awareness campaigns on safe female emigration, appointment of fe male community \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 welfare officers, vigilant monitori ng of working and living conditions of female workers through \up0 \expndtw0\cha rscalex100 Pakistani missions and communities and establishment of safe houses i n the Pakistani missions \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 abroad are also suggested by the Policy. \par\pard\qj \li1400\sb0\sl-268\slmult0 \par\pard\qj\li1400\ri12 13\sb5\sl-268\slmult0\fi0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 \ul0\nosupersub\cf26\f27\ fs23 Re-Integration of return migrants\ul0\nosupersub\cf18\f19\fs23 and \ul0\no supersub\cf26\f27\fs23 effective use of Pakistani diaspora resources\ul0\nosuper sub\cf18\f19\fs23 is an \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 important component of this Emigration Policy. Keeping in view the Pakistani emigrant workers \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 temporary and short-term contractual status in the ir host countries, the Policy is looking to \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 develop diverse programs/strategies for the social and economic reintegr ation of returning \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 emigrants. These emig

rants will be provided with information about different investment, \lin e \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 employment and skill enhancement opportunities u pon their arrival at all major airports. Another \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex 102 focus would be on development of area-specific socio-economic re-integration strategies for \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 economic development, growth and employment generation by the establishment of Growth \line \up0 \expndtw-4\c harscalex100 Triangles (GTs)\ul0\super\cf24\f25\fs23 2\ul0\nosupersub\cf18\f19\f s23 and \u8216?Aik Hunar Aik Nagar Authority\u8217? (AHANA)\ul0\super\cf24\f25\ fs23 3\ul0\nosupersub\cf18\f19\fs23 in the high rate twenty labor-\line \up0 \e xpndtw-5\charscalex100 sending districts. \par\pard\qj \li1400\sb0\sl-268\slmult 0 \par\pard\qj\li1400\ri1212\sb4\sl-268\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 Spe cial financing programs in consultation with the Ministry of Finance and State B ank of \up0 \expndtw-5\charscalex100 Pakistan \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 (SBP ) have also been proposed to support returning emigrants and their fa mily \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 members for undertaking business or self-emplo yment activities. The Policy also encourages \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 emigr ants to establish associations to advance the cause of Emigrant workers and thei r families \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 through lobbying for the protection of their rights and importantly, for developing mechanisms \up0 \expndtw-5\charscal ex100 for their re-integration. \par\pard\qj \li1400\sb0\sl-268\slmult0 \par\par d\qj\li1400\ri1212\sb4\sl-268\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 \ul0\nosuper sub\cf26\f27\fs23 Restructuring\ul0\nosupersub\cf18\f19\fs23 and enhancing the role of Overseas Pakistanis Foundation (OPF) and Bureau of \line \up0 \expndtw-2 \charscalex100 Emigration and Overseas Employment (BE&OE) is also under consider ation in the Policy. The \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Policy is optimist about the future continuation of the OPF welfare operations, and also about its \line \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 expansion by providing various services rela ted to the re-integration of returning emigrants. In \line \up0 \expndtw0\charsc alex100 same way, the BE&OE will also be developing database and research capaci ties on returning \line \up0 \expndtw-5\charscalex100 emigrants. \par\pard\ql \l i1400\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1400\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1 400\sb43\sl-195\slmult0\tx1820 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\super\cf25\f26 \fs18\ul0\super\cf25\f26\fs17 2 \tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersu b\cf21\f22\fs17 Pakistan\u8217?s National Employment Policy (NEP) 2008 has stres sed that development of rural areas and building \par\pard\qj \li1820\ri1260\sb0 \sl-202\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 their linkages with urban cent ers to increase market access for rural products has prime importance for \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 economic development, growth and employment ge neration in rural areas and surrounding small towns. To \up0 \expndtw0\charscale x100 achieve the goal of integrated rural development, it has proposed establish ment of \u8220?Growth Triangles\u8221? (GTs). \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 The b asic idea behind the GTs is to integrate rural areas by coordinating activities ranging from production to \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 marketing, repair and s ervices through Integrated Rural Development Centers (IRDCs). The Employment Pol icy \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 has suggested establishment of: i) a Village S upport Center (VSC) as the first tier of the GT in a cluster of 10-15 \up0 \expn dtw0\charscalex100 villages - ideally, in each Union Council, ii) a Multipurpos e Industrial and Rural Development Support Center \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 (MIRDSC) in a cluster of 5-10 VSCs as the second tier, and iii) a Small/Mini Ind ustrial Estate (S/MIE) in a cluster \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 of 4-5 MIRDSCs as the third tier. \par\pard\ql \li1400\sb4\sl-195\slmult0\tx1820 \up0 \expndtw -2\charscalex100 \ul0\super\cf25\f26\fs17 3 \tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 \u l0\nosupersub\cf21\f22\fs17 The NEP 2008 has also stressed tapping employment an d income potential of over a hundred handicrafts. In \par\pard\qj \li1820\ri1245 \sb1\sl-200\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 this regard, it has suggested c reation of a dedicated institution namely the \u8216?Aik Hunar Aik Nagar Author ity\u8217? \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 (AHANA). The AHANA will look into issues related to each (handicraft) product and develop appropriate \up 0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 strategies. The AHANA is also tasked in this Policy fo r the establishment of location- and product-specific state \up0 \expndtw0\chars

calex102 of the art Product Promotion and Support Centers (PPSCs) duly integrati ng provision of a range of services, \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 such as: pr oduct development, quality control, standardization, market linkages, rel ated training including \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 entrepreneurship, and ma rketing both within the country and overseas. Women businesses, the Policy stres ses, \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 should be given special consideration in these processes. The PPSCs should offer programs to educate men \up0 \expndtw-2\chars calex100 and women about marketing, entrepreneurship, cooperatives, etc. \par\pa rd\ql \li10309\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li10309\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\p ard\ql\li10309\sb115\sl-195\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersu b\cf22\f23\fs17 11 {\shp {\*\shpinst\shpleft1371\shptop1916\shpright10532\shpbottom1936\shpfhdr0\sh pbxpage\shpbypage\shpwr3\shpwrk0\shpfblwtxt1\shpz12\shplid0 {\sp{\sn shapeType}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipH}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipV}{\sv 0}}{\sp{ \sn geoRight}{\sv 9161}}{\sp{\sn geoBottom}{\sv 20}} {\sp{\sn pVerticies}{\sv 8;4;(0,20);(9161,20);(9161,0);(0,0)}} {\sp{\sn pSegmentInfo}{\sv 2;10;16384;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;24577;32768} } {\sp{\sn fFillOK}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fFilled}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fillColor}{\sv 0}}{\s p{\sn fLine}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn lineType}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fArrowheadsOK}{\sv 1}}{\s p{\sn fBehindDocument}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn lineColor}{\sv 0}} }} {\shp {\*\shpinst\shpleft1400\shptop10500\shpright4201\shpbottom10520\shpfhdr0\s hpbxpage\shpbypage\shpwr3\shpwrk0\shpfblwtxt1\shpz237\shplid1 {\sp{\sn shapeType}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipH}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipV}{\sv 0}}{\sp{ \sn geoRight}{\sv 2801}}{\sp{\sn geoBottom}{\sv 20}} {\sp{\sn pVerticies}{\sv 8;4;(0,20);(2801,20);(2801,0);(0,0)}} {\sp{\sn pSegmentInfo}{\sv 2;10;16384;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;24577;32768} } {\sp{\sn fFillOK}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fFilled}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fillColor}{\sv 0}}{\s p{\sn fLine}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn lineType}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fArrowheadsOK}{\sv 1}}{\s p{\sn fBehindDocument}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn lineColor}{\sv 0}} }}\par\pard\sect\sectd\fs24\paperw11900\paperh16840\pard\sb0\sl-240{\bkmkstart P g16}{\bkmkend Pg16}\par\pard\ql \li1400\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1400\s b0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1400\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1400\sb0 \sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1400\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1400\sb0\s l-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1400\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1400\sb94\sl -195\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf21\f22\fs17 Pakista n\u8217?s National Emigration Policy-A Review \par\pard\qj \li1400\sb0\sl-270\sl mult0 \par\pard\qj\li1400\ri1214\sb234\sl-270\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex1 00 \ul0\nosupersub\cf18\f19\fs23 The Policy intends to seek assistance fro m Pakistani missions in mobilizing the Pakistani \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex1 02 diaspora for building linkages with local academia and businesses for increas ing employment \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 opportunities for emigrant workers a nd attracting foreign investment in Pakistan. This initiative \up0 \expndtw0\cha rscalex100 will be further strengthened by the establishment of a Cell and Task Force based in the Ministry \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 of Foreign Affairs wit h the support of Ministry of Labor and Manpower. \par\pard\qj \li1400\ri1213\sb2 49\sl-272\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 To harness the economic benefits of emigration, it suggests improvements in remittance transfer \up0 \expndtw0\c harscalex100 channels by providing cost-effective and easily accessible remittan ce to emigrant workers. For \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 swift transfers and expanded area coverage, it considers public-private partnerships and \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 collaboration among stakeholders (employers, telephone companies and banking and financial \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 institutions) o f vital importance for swift remittance transfers at minimum rates and expanded \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 geographic outreach. \par\pard\qj \li1400\ri1213\s b250\sl-270\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 The Pakistani emigrant associat

ions will also be engaged for information dissemination and \up0 \expndtw0\chars calex100 mobilization with regard to remittance channels, different investment o ptions, and employment \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 and income generation oppor tunities programs for emigrants and their families. The OPF in close \up0 \expnd tw0\charscalex100 collaboration with the Board of Investment (BOI) will offer in centive packages like facilitating \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 investments, tra de, business and enterprise creation to returning emigrant workers. Also, the \u p0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 Policy has recommended recognizing the citizenship ri ghts of overseas Pakistani diaspora to \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 keep their contact intact with their homelands. \par\pard\qj \li1400\sb0\sl-268\slmult0 \pa r\pard\qj\li1400\ri1212\sb4\sl-268\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 The Nat ional Emigration Policy considers strengthening of information, research and fac ilitation \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 systems pre-requisite for implementing th e policy under-review. In the first step the existing \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex1 06 Market Research Unit operating in BE&OE would be enabled to access informatio n about \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 international labor markets. This unit will be linked with the Labor Market Information System \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex10 0 (LMIS) proposed by the National Employment Policy\ul0\super\cf24\f25\fs23 4\ul 0\nosupersub\cf18\f19\fs23 and the Foreign Employment Exchanges \up0 \expndtw0\ charscalex106 proposed by this Policy. Establishment of a Market Research, Facil itation and Information \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 Center (MRFIC) will also s upport policy makers to collect and analyze the information on \up0 \expndtw-1\c harscalex100 different aspects of emigration - emigrants, return emigration and Pakistani diaspora required for \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 viable strategies f or increasing the share of Pakistani workers in international labor markets, \up 0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 programs for the re-integration of returning emigrants , information and awareness for better \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 employment and safe emigration and capacity building. \par\pard\qj \li1400\sb0\sl-270\slmul t0 \par\pard\qj\li1400\ri1212\sb1\sl-270\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 T he National Emigration Policy\u8217?s coherence with the National Employment Pol icy for creating a \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 conducive environment for re-in tegration of returning emigrants demands for the implementation \up0 \expndtw-5\ charscalex100 of the wide range of measures suggested in the Employment Policy. \par\pard\qj \li1400\ri1213\sb251\sl-270\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 T he National Emigration Policy believes in regular interaction with countries and stakeholders \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 vital for building a collectiv e stance for promoting safe emigration. It encourages participation in \line \up 0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 regional and international forums like International Labor Organization (ILO) tripartite forum \par\pard\ql \li1400\sb0\sl-195\slmult 0 \par\pard\ql\li1400\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1400\sb122\sl-195\slmult 0\tx1820 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\super\cf25\f26\fs18\ul0\super\cf25\f 26\fs17 4 \tab \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf21\f22\fs17 GoP 2 008, \u8216?A Growth Oriented National Employment Policy,\u8217? Decent Work for All \par\pard\qj \li1820\ri1253\sb1\sl-200\slmult0\fi0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscale x100 \u8220?Bawaqar Rozgar Sub Kay Leeay\u8221? Growth, Labor and Manpower Divis ion, Policy Planning Cell, Government of \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 Pakistan, Islamabad, viewed in September 2009, \par\pard\ql \li1820\sb5\sl-195\slmult0 \u p0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 < http://www.lmis.gov.pk/publications/NEP.pdf> \par\ pard\ql \li1400\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1400\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\p ard\ql\li1400\sb116\sl-195\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub \cf22\f23\fs17 12 {\shp {\*\shpinst\shpleft1371\shptop1916\shpright10532\shpbottom1936\shpfhdr0\sh pbxpage\shpbypage\shpwr3\shpwrk0\shpfblwtxt1\shpz12\shplid0 {\sp{\sn shapeType}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipH}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipV}{\sv 0}}{\sp{ \sn geoRight}{\sv 9161}}{\sp{\sn geoBottom}{\sv 20}} {\sp{\sn pVerticies}{\sv 8;4;(0,20);(9161,20);(9161,0);(0,0)}} {\sp{\sn pSegmentInfo}{\sv 2;10;16384;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;24577;32768} } {\sp{\sn fFillOK}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fFilled}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fillColor}{\sv 0}}{\s

p{\sn fLine}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn lineType}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fArrowheadsOK}{\sv 1}}{\s p{\sn fBehindDocument}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn lineColor}{\sv 0}} }} {\shp {\*\shpinst\shpleft1400\shptop13519\shpright4201\shpbottom13539\shpfhdr0\s hpbxpage\shpbypage\shpwr3\shpwrk0\shpfblwtxt1\shpz305\shplid1 {\sp{\sn shapeType}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipH}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipV}{\sv 0}}{\sp{ \sn geoRight}{\sv 2801}}{\sp{\sn geoBottom}{\sv 20}} {\sp{\sn pVerticies}{\sv 8;4;(0,20);(2801,20);(2801,0);(0,0)}} {\sp{\sn pSegmentInfo}{\sv 2;10;16384;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;24577;32768} } {\sp{\sn fFillOK}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fFilled}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fillColor}{\sv 0}}{\s p{\sn fLine}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn lineType}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fArrowheadsOK}{\sv 1}}{\s p{\sn fBehindDocument}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn lineColor}{\sv 0}} }}\par\pard\sect\sectd\fs24\paperw11900\paperh16840\pard\sb0\sl-240{\bkmkstart P g17}{\bkmkend Pg17}\par\pard\ql \li8593\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li8593\s b0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li8593\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li8593\sb0 \sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li8593\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li8593\sb0\s l-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li8593\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li8593\sb94\sl -195\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf21\f22\fs17 Policy Paper Series # 35 \par\pard\qj \li1400\sb0\sl-260\slmult0 \par\pard\qj\li1400\ri 1213\sb252\sl-260\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf18\f19\ fs23 International Labor Conference (ILC), International Organization for Migrat ion, Global Forum \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 on Migration and Development (GF MD) and the Colombo process. \par\pard\qj \li1400\ri1210\sb264\sl-280\slmult0 \u p0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 The institutional mechanism for the implementation o f the proposals of the Policy will consist of \line \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex10 0 a, 1) inter-ministerial coordination committee, 2) policy planning and impleme ntation cell, and \par\pard\qj \li1400\ri1212\sb0\sl-268\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\ charscalex100 3) working group comprising of various stakeholders. The i nter-ministerial coordination \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 committee will addr ess the coherence issues among the policies of concerned ministries with the \up 0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 technical backstopping of the Policy Implementation C ell (PIC). This Committee will comprise \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 of Ministr ies of Labor, Interior, Foreign, Planning and Development, Commerce, Industry an d \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 Education. Policy Planning and Implementation Cel l will be responsible for monitoring and \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 facilitati on of the proposed Policy implementation process. The working group wi ll be \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 comprised of representatives from the Provi ncial Governments and also of various stakeholders \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 including emigrants\u8217? associations, TVET institutions, OEPs and different i nstitutions dealing \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 with emigration and overseas Pa kistanis. Its role will be of extreme importance as it will be a \up0 \expndtw-1 \charscalex100 forum for bringing onboard all the matters related to the whole p rocess of labor emigration and \up0 \expndtw-5\charscalex100 make suggestions fo r effective improvements. \par\pard\ql \li10309\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\ li10309\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li10309\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\ li10309\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li10309\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\ li10309\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li10309\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\ li10309\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li10309\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\ li10309\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li10309\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\ li10309\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li10309\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\ li10309\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li10309\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\ li10309\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li10309\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\ li10309\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li10309\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\ li10309\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li10309\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\ li10309\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li10309\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\ li10309\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li10309\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\ li10309\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li10309\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\ li10309\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li10309\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\

li10309\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li10309\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\ li10309\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li10309\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\ li10309\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li10309\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\ li10309\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li10309\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\ li10309\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li10309\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\ li10309\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li10309\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\ li10309\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li10309\sb53\sl-195\slmult0 \up0 \expndt w-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf22\f23\fs17 13 {\shp {\*\shpinst\shpleft1371\shptop1916\shpright10532\shpbottom1936\shpfhdr0\sh pbxpage\shpbypage\shpwr3\shpwrk0\shpfblwtxt1\shpz12\shplid0 {\sp{\sn shapeType}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipH}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipV}{\sv 0}}{\sp{ \sn geoRight}{\sv 9161}}{\sp{\sn geoBottom}{\sv 20}} {\sp{\sn pVerticies}{\sv 8;4;(0,20);(9161,20);(9161,0);(0,0)}} {\sp{\sn pSegmentInfo}{\sv 2;10;16384;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;24577;32768} } {\sp{\sn fFillOK}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fFilled}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fillColor}{\sv 0}}{\s p{\sn fLine}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn lineType}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fArrowheadsOK}{\sv 1}}{\s p{\sn fBehindDocument}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn lineColor}{\sv 0}} }}\par\pard\sect\sectd\fs24\paperw11900\paperh16840\pard\sb0\sl-240{\bkmkstart P g18}{\bkmkend Pg18}\par\pard\ql \li1400\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1400\s b0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1400\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1400\sb0 \sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1400\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1400\sb0\s l-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1400\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1400\sb94\sl -195\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf21\f22\fs17 Pakista n\u8217?s National Emigration Policy-A Review \par\pard\li1400\sb0\sl-310\slmult 0\par\pard\li1400\sb210\sl-310\slmult0\fi3775\tx6576 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex1 00 \ul0\nosupersub\cf23\f24\fs27 Section\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 3\par \pard\li1400\sb0\sl-264\slmult0\par\pard\li1400\sb0\sl-264\slmult0\par\pard\li14 00\sb14\sl-264\slmult0\fi0\tx2101 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\ cf19\f20\fs23 3.1\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Critical Assessment of the P olicy\par\pard\qj \li1400\ri1210\sb250\sl-269\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex1 03 \ul0\nosupersub\cf18\f19\fs23 The purpose of this section is to conduct an an alytical study of the substantive provisions for \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex 100 protection of emigrants, emigrant management system efficacy and preparednes s and extension \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 of emigration development to micro level in the current proposed Emigration Policy. If we \line \up0 \expndtw 0\charscalex102 review the Policy draft structure, it covers the different dimen sions of emigration process, like \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 the first part is informative and provides the foundation for the remaining parts of the P olicy. The \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 second part is the situation analy sis of current internal and external challenges and a focus on \line \up0 \expnd tw-1\charscalex100 prospects for increasing emigrant numbers in existing and oth er future markets. The third part is \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 mainly b ased on a set of remedial steps for issues identified in previous parts. This di fference of \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 subjects will be analyzed separat ely in sub-sections due to their focus that vary from each other. \line \up0 \ex pndtw-1\charscalex100 The applicability of assessment indicators on every part o f the Policy will be different from each \line \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 oth er due to the variance in subjects. It is hoped that this exercise will highligh t the shortcomings \line \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 in the draft, which will provide basis for discussion towards the search for desired actions. \par\pard\q l \li1400\sb0\sl-264\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1400\sb12\sl-264\slmult0 \up0 \expnd tw0\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf28\f29\fs23 3.1.1 Protection \par\pard\qj \ li1400\sb0\sl-268\slmult0 \par\pard\qj\li1400\ri1212\sb5\sl-268\slmult0 \up0 \ex pndtw0\charscalex102 \ul0\nosupersub\cf18\f19\fs23 The National Emigration Polic y only provides an overview of miseries faced by the Pakistani \up0 \expndtw0\ch arscalex100 emigrants working in Gulf region. While the conditions/problems of P akistani emigrants based \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 in developed countries are not covered. As a consequence of post 9/11 situation the monitoring \up0 \expnd

tw-1\charscalex100 and unjust deportations of Muslim Americans especially of Arab and Pakistani origin has \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 increased in many developed countries for security reasons. Further restrictions on entry als o \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 affected family re-unions, entry of tourists, st udents, and temporary workers. \par\pard\qj \li1400\sb0\sl-265\slmult0 \par\pard \qj\li1400\ri1213\sb10\sl-265\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107 The Emigratio n Policy also neglects the role of social networks in the social protection of \ line \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 Pakistani emigrant workers abroad and th eir families in home country. The role of social \line \up0 \expndtw0\ch arscalex100 networks\ul0\super\cf24\f25\fs23 5\ul0\nosupersub\cf18\f19\fs23 in emigration is very significant. Since 1971, almost 50 percent of Pakistani emigr ant \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 workers have been directly employed over seas through social networks (Hamdani 2006). Besides \line \up0 \expndtw0\charsc alex100 employment, social networks also support emigrant workers and their fami lies during difficult \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 times. The economically active emigrant members support jobless workers with shelter and \line \up0 \ex pndtw0\charscalex100 financial support, remittance transfer and financial help for family members of deceased \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 emi grant workers. \par\pard\qj \li1400\ri1211\sb269\sl-273\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\c harscalex100 For protecting the rights of emigrant workers, the Policy suggests comprehensive measures but \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 most of these measures a re reactive and for dealing with individual cases. However, the root \up0 \expnd tw0\charscalex106 cause of Pakistani emigrant problems in host countries is due to the immigration and labor \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 policies of the host countries and these affect the majority of expatriate workers. \par\pard\li1400\ sb0\sl-195\slmult0\par\pard\li1400\sb0\sl-195\slmult0\par\pard\li1400\sb0\sl-195 \slmult0\par\pard\li1400\sb0\sl-195\slmult0\par\pard\li1400\sb140\sl-195\slmult0 \fi0\tx1820 \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 \ul0\super\cf25\f26\fs18\ul0\super\cf2 5\f26\fs17 5\tab \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf21\f22\fs17 The re are a number of formal and informal associations based upon caste, ethnicity, religion, region and kinship\par\pard\li1400\sb0\sl-153\slmult0\fi419 \up0 \exp ndtw-2\charscalex100 among Pakistani immigrants abroad (Gazdar 2003).\par\pard\q l \li1400\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1400\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li1400\sb95\sl-195\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf22\f 23\fs17 14 {\shp {\*\shpinst\shpleft1371\shptop1916\shpright10532\shpbottom1936\shpfhdr0\sh pbxpage\shpbypage\shpwr3\shpwrk0\shpfblwtxt1\shpz12\shplid0 {\sp{\sn shapeType}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipH}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipV}{\sv 0}}{\sp{ \sn geoRight}{\sv 9161}}{\sp{\sn geoBottom}{\sv 20}} {\sp{\sn pVerticies}{\sv 8;4;(0,20);(9161,20);(9161,0);(0,0)}} {\sp{\sn pSegmentInfo}{\sv 2;10;16384;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;24577;32768} } {\sp{\sn fFillOK}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fFilled}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fillColor}{\sv 0}}{\s p{\sn fLine}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn lineType}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fArrowheadsOK}{\sv 1}}{\s p{\sn fBehindDocument}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn lineColor}{\sv 0}} }} {\shp {\*\shpinst\shpleft1400\shptop13922\shpright4201\shpbottom13942\shpfhdr0\s hpbxpage\shpbypage\shpwr3\shpwrk0\shpfblwtxt1\shpz297\shplid1 {\sp{\sn shapeType}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipH}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipV}{\sv 0}}{\sp{ \sn geoRight}{\sv 2801}}{\sp{\sn geoBottom}{\sv 20}} {\sp{\sn pVerticies}{\sv 8;4;(0,20);(2801,20);(2801,0);(0,0)}} {\sp{\sn pSegmentInfo}{\sv 2;10;16384;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;24577;32768} } {\sp{\sn fFillOK}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fFilled}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fillColor}{\sv 0}}{\s p{\sn fLine}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn lineType}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fArrowheadsOK}{\sv 1}}{\s p{\sn fBehindDocument}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn lineColor}{\sv 0}} }}\par\pard\sect\sectd\fs24\paperw11900\paperh16840\pard\sb0\sl-240{\bkmkstart P g19}{\bkmkend Pg19}\par\pard\ql \li8593\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li8593\s

b0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li8593\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li8593\sb0 \sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li8593\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li8593\sb0\s l-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li8593\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li8593\sb94\sl -195\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf21\f22\fs17 Policy Paper Series # 35 \par\pard\qj \li1400\sb0\sl-270\slmult0 \par\pard\qj\li1400\ri 1213\sb234\sl-270\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 \ul0\nosupersub\cf18\f19\ fs23 The Policy also lacks steps towards building right-based alliances with oth er labor sending \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 countries, as the problems of their emigrant workers are common. In the absence of any \up0 \expndt w-2\charscalex100 collective forum for protection, migrant sending and receiving countries and especially emigrants \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 are faced with several negative consequences, like illegal emigration, stagnation of wages in host \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 countries and other forms of exploitations by the employers. \par\pard\qj \li1400\ri1213\sb251\sl-270\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\ charscalex104 In the existing emigration management setups the dual role of CWAs for the promotion and \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 protection of Pakistan i emigrants is of vital importance. At present only 15 CWAs are based in \line \ up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 foreign missions to cater to the needs of millions o f Pakistani emigrants. The limited strength of \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex10 3 CWAs and the weak bargaining position of Pakistani Overseas Employment promote rs often \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 result in increased distress for emi grant workers and leave them no option except to work in \line \up0 \expndtw-2\c harscalex100 difficult situations in labor hosting countries. Without increasing their strength, this Policy is still \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 expect ing a high-level performance from them, which is unrealistic and impractical. \p ar\pard\qj \li1400\sb0\sl-268\slmult0 \par\pard\qj\li1400\ri1212\sb4\sl-268\slmu lt0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 This Policy draft briefly sheds light on the mi series of emigrants, but is totally silent on the \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 problems of emigrant sending households. In emigration process, emigrant workers \u8217? families are \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 equally entitled to get prote ction and benefits. If we review the United Nations 1990 Convention \up0 \expndt w0\charscalex106 on the Protection of the Rights of all Migrant Workers and Memb ers of their Families, it \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 highlights the protection of every right of migrant workers and their family members equally, \up0 \expnd tw-5\charscalex100 irrespective of their legal status. \par\pard\qj \li1400\sb0\ sl-268\slmult0 \par\pard\qj\li1400\ri1212\sb4\sl-268\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-1\cha rscalex100 Furthermore, the poor state of development in major emigrant sending regions is also a serious \line \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 question mark for policy makers. A research study conducted by the Sustainable Development \line \ up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 Policy Institute (SDPI 2010) reveals that the major labor emigrant sending areas in northern \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 Pak istan are drastically lacking basic infrastructure, such as roads, schools, and health facilities. \line \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 At household level, altho ugh labor emigration enables sending households in covering their basic \line \u p0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 livelihood needs, the absence of male family members often increases the vulnerabilities of \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 family members (especially wives left behind) in many forms such as mobility restricti ons, no \line \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 control over remittances and lack of knowledge and access to government facilities. \par\pard\qj \li1400\sb0\sl-265\ slmult0 \par\pard\qj\li1400\ri1210\sb10\sl-265\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex 100 Although Pakistan has ratified the major international conventions (ILO 2010 ), it is still not a \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 signatory of emigrant-specifi c instruments, such as the United Nations 1990 Convention on the \up0 \expndtw-1 \charscalex100 Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of th eir Families. The proposed \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 Emigration Policy has no standing on the ratification of emigrant-specific instruments for the \up0 \exp ndtw-5\charscalex100 protection of Pakistani emigrants and their families. \par\ pard\qj \li1400\sb0\sl-260\slmult0 \par\pard\qj\li1400\ri1213\sb20\sl-260\slmult 0 \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 In Pakistan\u8217?s development sector there are many non-governmental organizations involved in the \line \up0 \expndtw-5\chars

calex100 protection of emigrants \up0 \expndtw-5\charscalex100 (Gazdar 2003). While the Policy acknowledges their support and \par\pard\qj \li1400\ri1 212\sb12\sl-270\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 feedback during its formula tion process, it opens no windows for their involvement in the \up0 \expndtw0\ch arscalex100 implementation of strategies for addressing issues concerning the rights and benefits of \up0 \expndtw-5\charscalex100 emigrants and thei r families. \par\pard\qj \li1400\sb0\sl-260\slmult0 \par\pard\qj\li1400\ri1212\s b19\sl-260\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 Instead, in the Policy, the pro tection cover for emigrants in their host countries is mainly left to \line \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 the CWAs and to some extent Pakistani emigrant communi ties. As mentioned earlier, majority of \par\pard\ql \li10309\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li10309\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li10309\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li10309\sb149\sl-195\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\no supersub\cf22\f23\fs17 15 {\shp {\*\shpinst\shpleft1371\shptop1916\shpright10532\shpbottom1936\shpfhdr0\sh pbxpage\shpbypage\shpwr3\shpwrk0\shpfblwtxt1\shpz12\shplid0 {\sp{\sn shapeType}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipH}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipV}{\sv 0}}{\sp{ \sn geoRight}{\sv 9161}}{\sp{\sn geoBottom}{\sv 20}} {\sp{\sn pVerticies}{\sv 8;4;(0,20);(9161,20);(9161,0);(0,0)}} {\sp{\sn pSegmentInfo}{\sv 2;10;16384;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;24577;32768} } {\sp{\sn fFillOK}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fFilled}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fillColor}{\sv 0}}{\s p{\sn fLine}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn lineType}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fArrowheadsOK}{\sv 1}}{\s p{\sn fBehindDocument}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn lineColor}{\sv 0}} }}\par\pard\sect\sectd\fs24\paperw11900\paperh16840\pard\sb0\sl-240{\bkmkstart P g20}{\bkmkend Pg20}\par\pard\ql \li1400\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1400\s b0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1400\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1400\sb0 \sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1400\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1400\sb0\s l-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1400\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1400\sb94\sl -195\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf21\f22\fs17 Pakista n\u8217?s National Emigration Policy-A Review \par\pard\qj \li1400\sb0\sl-268\sl mult0 \par\pard\qj\li1400\ri1211\sb237\sl-268\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex 100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf18\f19\fs23 emigrant protection issues are embedded in the immigration and labor policies of host countries \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 and require international policy level interventions, and so due to their limite d scope it would be \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 not possible for the propo sed actors to influence the state policies of host countries. The \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Emigration Policy is short of any state-to-state highlevel dialogue initiative for emigrants\u8217? rights \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex 100 advocacy and for awareness raising and mobilization of migrants for their rights in the \up0 \expndtw-5\charscalex100 destination countries. \p ar\pard\ql \li1400\sb0\sl-264\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1400\sb12\sl-264\slmult0 \u p0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf28\f29\fs23 3.1.2 Emigration Mana gement System and Supportive Mechanisms \par\pard\qj \li1400\sb0\sl-266\slmult0 \par\pard\qj\li1400\ri1213\sb9\sl-266\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 \ul0\ nosupersub\cf18\f19\fs23 The major focus of the National Emigration Policy is on extensive augmentation in the existing \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 emigration marketing and management systems to overcome current and future challenges. \u p0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 Besides improvements in management infrastructures, a diverse set of supporting mechanisms \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 are also pro posed to support the implementation of the Policy in an effective manner. \par\p ard\qj \li1400\sb0\sl-266\slmult0 \par\pard\qj\li1400\ri1213\sb8\sl-266\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 It also pushes more on preparedness for skilled hum an resource export to the Gulf region. It \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 jus tifies this stance since the Gulf has been a major labor market for Pakistani em igrant workers \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 from almost four decades. Howe ver, on the scale of economic benefits and protection policies, \line \up0 \expn dtw-1\charscalex100 the Gulf region is no more a paradise for low skilled emigra nt workers. The Policy concentration \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 on one r

egion alone can lead to over dependency and given the current economic recession or \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 any future regional conflict possibly set back the economic benefits of emigration for Pakistan. \line \up0 \expndtw-2\cha rscalex100 This demands a more balanced focus while upgrading or devising emigra tion strategies. \par\pard\qj \li1400\sb0\sl-268\slmult0 \par\pard\qj\li1400\ri1 213\sb5\sl-268\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 The current major emigratio n management set ups consist of Bureau of Emigration and Overseas \up0 \expndtw0 \charscalex102 Employment, Overseas Employment Corporation, Policy Planning Cell of Ministry Of Labor \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 and Manpower, CWAs of Ministr y of Foreign Affairs, National Database and Registration \up0 \expndtw0\charscal ex100 Authority, Immigration and Passport and Federal Investigation Agency of Mi nistry of Interior. \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 Proper functioning of the e migration process depends on high performance and inter\up0 \expndtw-2\ch arscalex100 coordination among these constituents. Most of the challenges highli ghted in the proposed Policy \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 are the outcome of the lack of capacities and coordination among the state actors. Based on this, \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 it was assumed that the Policy will combine the existin g arrangements under one ministry to \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 eliminate coor dination gaps, but the proposed Policy only came up with the suggestion for an \ up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Inter-Ministerial Coordination Committee of relevan t Ministries. \par\pard\qj \li1400\sb0\sl-270\slmult0 \par\pard\qj\li1400\ri1212 \sb1\sl-270\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 The Policy proposes the appoint ment of six task forces to support various initiatives. Although \up0 \expndtw0\ charscalex100 the composition and objectives of the task forces are clear but th ere is a great deal of ambiguity \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 about the attachm ent of these task forces within the Ministry of Labor and Manpower. \par\pard\ql \li1400\sb255\sl-264\slmult0\tx9103 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 Establishment of Market Research, Facilitation and Information Center \tab \up0 \expndt w0\charscalex102 (MRFIC) and \par\pard\qj \li1400\ri1214\sb13\sl-268\slmult0\fi 0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 strengthening the existing Market Research Unit (MRU) is also high on the Policy\u8217?s agenda. The \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex1 00 scope of these setups is confined to monitor the labor market developments, s trategies for skill \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 development, employment and sa fe emigration information dissemination. The proposed Policy \up0 \expndtw0\char scalex104 totally ignores the need for research on various socio-economic aspec ts of emigration that \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 substantially contribute to the understanding of dynamism in the structure, drivers and impacts \up0 \expndt w-5\charscalex100 on the stakeholders. \par\pard\ql \li1400\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \ par\pard\ql\li1400\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1400\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \pa r\pard\ql\li1400\sb148\sl-195\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosuper sub\cf22\f23\fs17 16 {\shp {\*\shpinst\shpleft1371\shptop1916\shpright10532\shpbottom1936\shpfhdr0\sh pbxpage\shpbypage\shpwr3\shpwrk0\shpfblwtxt1\shpz12\shplid0 {\sp{\sn shapeType}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipH}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipV}{\sv 0}}{\sp{ \sn geoRight}{\sv 9161}}{\sp{\sn geoBottom}{\sv 20}} {\sp{\sn pVerticies}{\sv 8;4;(0,20);(9161,20);(9161,0);(0,0)}} {\sp{\sn pSegmentInfo}{\sv 2;10;16384;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;24577;32768} } {\sp{\sn fFillOK}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fFilled}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fillColor}{\sv 0}}{\s p{\sn fLine}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn lineType}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fArrowheadsOK}{\sv 1}}{\s p{\sn fBehindDocument}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn lineColor}{\sv 0}} }}\par\pard\sect\sectd\fs24\paperw11900\paperh16840\pard\sb0\sl-240{\bkmkstart P g21}{\bkmkend Pg21}\par\pard\ql \li8593\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li8593\s b0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li8593\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li8593\sb0 \sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li8593\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li8593\sb0\s l-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li8593\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li8593\sb94\sl -195\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf21\f22\fs17 Policy Paper Series # 35 \par\pard\qj \li1400\sb0\sl-266\slmult0 \par\pard\qj\li1400\ri 1212\sb241\sl-266\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf18\f19\

fs23 The Policy is also in favor of developing a deportees\u8217? friendly strat egy to provide cushion to \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 deported Pakistani emigra nts. In most cases the deported emigrants are victims of frauds, but \up0 \expnd tw0\charscalex104 many of them are part of illegal acts that lead to their depor tation. Any regulatory ease can \up0 \expndtw-5\charscalex100 encourage the outf low of fortune seekers through illegal channels. \par\pard\qj \li1400\sb0\sl-266 \slmult0 \par\pard\qj\li1400\ri1213\sb8\sl-266\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex 103 In the National Emigration Policy, most emigrant re-integration activities a re reliant on the \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 timely implementation of th e Employment Policy. Although the same ministry developed the \line \up0 \expndt w0\charscalex103 employment policy but its implementation requires vast resource s and expertise as the new \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 concepts like G rowth Triangles \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 (GTs) and \u8216?Aik Hunar Ai k Nagar Authority\u8217? \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 (AHANA) \par\pard\ql \l i1400\sb16\sl-264\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-5\charscalex100 implementation may take considerable time. \par\pard\qj \li1400\sb0\sl-266\slmult0 \par\pard\qj\li1400\r i1212\sb9\sl-266\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 Access to information regarding skills, jobs, safe emigration and protection and welfare \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 programs is the utmost requirement for the intend ing emigrants and their families. The \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 informat ion dissemination mechanisms outreach is limited only to major cities. The physi cal \up0 \expndtw-5\charscalex100 access for people from remote areas needs furt her extension. \par\pard\qj \li1400\sb0\sl-266\slmult0 \par\pard\qj\li1400\ri121 2\sb8\sl-266\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 Overseas Employment Corporati on, Overseas Employment Promoters and Direct Employment \line \up0 \expndtw0\cha rscalex100 are the major sources of labor emigration from Pakistan. For safe emi gration, this Policy only \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 focus on improvemen ts in regulatory frameworks for Overseas Employment Promoters, while \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 actors involved in the direct employment process are not part of the focus of regulatory \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex1 03 frameworks. And while the proposed Policy acknowledges the problems of Overseas \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 Employment Promoters, except en couragement rewards, it lacks any viable plans to solve most \line \up0 \expndtw -4\charscalex100 of their problems caused by their weak bargaining status in int ernational job markets. \par\pard\ql \li1400\sb0\sl-264\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1 400\sb12\sl-264\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf28\f29\f s23 3.1.3 Extension of Migration Development to Micro Level \par\pard\qj \li140 0\sb0\sl-266\slmult0 \par\pard\qj\li1400\ri1213\sb9\sl-266\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw 0\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf18\f19\fs23 The Policy aims to develop cost-ef fective and easily accessible low cost remittance services for \line \up0 \expnd tw0\charscalex100 emigrants. Emigrants and their families will also be provided with finances and information for \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 investment, employment and skills development/training opportunities. With the establishmen t \line \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 of Growth Triangles in selected areas, the Policy is optimist about the revival of socio-economic \line \up0 \expndtw-1\ch arscalex100 activities in migrant sending districts. Now, although these interve ntions have potential, but their \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 implementati on strategies neglect any involvement of development sector organizations, hence \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 lack any synergy building network that is r equired for their effective implementation. \par\pard\qj \li1400\sb0\sl-270\slmu lt0 \par\pard\qj\li1400\ri1213\sb1\sl-270\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 The under review Policy suggests restructuring of the OPF in order to respond to the challenge of \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 providing various services rel ated to the re-integration of the returning emigrants. These \up0 \expnd tw0\charscalex103 interventions focus exclusively on the economic perspect ives and to some extent skill \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 development, whi le the importance of addressing social and human development of emigrant \up0 \e xpndtw-3\charscalex100 sending families and areas is missing. \par\pard\ql \li10 309\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li10309\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li10 309\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li10309\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li10

309\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li10309\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li10 309\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li10309\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li10 309\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li10309\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li10 309\sb122\sl-195\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf22\f23\ fs17 17 {\shp {\*\shpinst\shpleft1371\shptop1916\shpright10532\shpbottom1936\shpfhdr0\sh pbxpage\shpbypage\shpwr3\shpwrk0\shpfblwtxt1\shpz12\shplid0 {\sp{\sn shapeType}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipH}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipV}{\sv 0}}{\sp{ \sn geoRight}{\sv 9161}}{\sp{\sn geoBottom}{\sv 20}} {\sp{\sn pVerticies}{\sv 8;4;(0,20);(9161,20);(9161,0);(0,0)}} {\sp{\sn pSegmentInfo}{\sv 2;10;16384;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;24577;32768} } {\sp{\sn fFillOK}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fFilled}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fillColor}{\sv 0}}{\s p{\sn fLine}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn lineType}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fArrowheadsOK}{\sv 1}}{\s p{\sn fBehindDocument}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn lineColor}{\sv 0}} }}\par\pard\sect\sectd\fs24\paperw11900\paperh16840\pard\sb0\sl-240{\bkmkstart P g22}{\bkmkend Pg22}\par\pard\ql \li1400\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1400\s b0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1400\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1400\sb0 \sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1400\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1400\sb0\s l-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1400\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1400\sb94\sl -195\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf21\f22\fs17 Pakista n\u8217?s National Emigration Policy-A Review \par\pard\li1400\sb0\sl-310\slmult 0\par\pard\li1400\sb210\sl-310\slmult0\fi3775\tx6576 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex10 0 \ul0\nosupersub\cf23\f24\fs27 Section\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 4\par\p ard\li1400\sb0\sl-264\slmult0\par\pard\li1400\sb0\sl-264\slmult0\par\pard\li1400 \sb13\sl-264\slmult0\fi0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf19\f20\f s23 Conclusion and the Way Forward\par\pard\li1400\sb0\sl-264\slmult0\par\pard\l i1400\sb7\sl-264\slmult0\fi0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf18\f 19\fs23 In an effort to analyze the under review Policy, this section identifies the following issues for\par\pard\li1400\sb5\sl-264\slmult0\fi0 \up0 \expndtw0\ charscalex100 consideration:\par\pard\li1400\sb0\sl-264\slmult0\par\pard\li1400\ sb14\sl-264\slmult0\fi0\tx2101 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf19 \f20\fs23 4.1\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 Scope of the Issue\par\pard\li140 0\sb0\sl-264\slmult0\par\pard\li1400\sb25\sl-264\slmult0\fi0\tx1925 \up0 \expndt w0\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf18\f19\fs23 \u8226?\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charsc alex100 This Policy only looks at Pakistani labor emigration in the wider contex t of global labor\par\pard\li1400\sb4\sl-264\slmult0\fi525 \up0 \expndtw0\charsc alex100 demands and current and future Pakistani labor supply prospects. The oth er forms of\par\pard\li1400\sb5\sl-264\slmult0\fi525 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex10 0 emigration, like students and issues of Pakistani origin emigrants living perm anently in\par\pard\li1400\sb6\sl-264\slmult0\fi525 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 different parts of the world are not part of the Policy focus.\par\pard\li1400\ sb24\sl-264\slmult0\fi0\tx1925 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 \u8226?\tab \up0 \ex pndtw0\charscalex100 The protection issues highlighted in this Policy focus only on temporary emigration to Gulf\par\pard\li1400\sb5\sl-264\slmult0\fi525 \up0 \ expndtw0\charscalex100 Coordination Council States; hence undermining the proble ms of Pakistani emigrants in\par\pard\li1400\sb4\sl-264\slmult0\fi525 \up0 \expn dtw0\charscalex100 developed regions of the world. Lack of consideration of emigrant families in the\par\pard\li1400\sb6\sl-264\slmult0\fi525 \up0 \ expndtw0\charscalex100 protection agenda is another weak area which needs attent ion.\par\pard\li1400\sb0\sl-264\slmult0\par\pard\li1400\sb13\sl-264\slmult0\fi0\ tx2101 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf19\f20\fs23 4.2\tab \up0 \ expndtw0\charscalex100 Policy Coherence\par\pard\li1400\sb0\sl-264\slmult0\par\p ard\li1400\sb26\sl-264\slmult0\fi0\tx1925 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 \ul0\nosu persub\cf18\f19\fs23 \u8226?\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 The effects of emi gration on Pakistan economy and society are quite visible. The expatriate\par\pa rd\qj \li1925\ri1211\sb0\sl-268\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 Pakistani r emittances are a vital part of Pakistan\u8217?s macro economy and over the last four \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 decades the continuous inflow of w

orkers\u8217? remittances helped in stabilization of the \line \up0 \expnd tw-2\charscalex100 country\u8217?s balance of payment. And at grassroot level, r emittances are an important source \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 of liveli hood for emigrant sending households. Also, the societal implications of emigrat ion \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 brought substantial changes in Pakis tani society. Male dominated emigration greatly \line \up0 \expndtw-3\chars calex100 influenced the gender interface of emigrant sending households and prov ided opportunities \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 of female empowerment in t he absence of male family members. Despite these effects, \line \up0 \expndtw0\c harscalex103 Pakistani economy and society are still not grasping the opportunit ies associated with \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 emigration. This situatio n demands integration of the National Emigration Policy with \line \up0 \expndtw -3\charscalex100 other relevant national policies and programs. The National Emi gration Policy linkage with \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 the Education Pol icy will help in strengthening the national skill enhancement plans at a \line \ up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 wider scale and according to international demands. Poverty Reduction Programs (under \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 the umbrell a of Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper 2 in Pakistan) can also supplement \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 emigration and development by tapping the potentia l of remittance utilization at grass root \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 lev el. Furthermore, due to its importance in Pakistan\u8217?s development discourse , National \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 Emigration Policy deserves serious consideration in Pakistan\u8217?s long-term development \line \up0 \expndtw-3\c harscalex100 agenda, Vision \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 2030.\ul0\super\cf24\ f25\fs23 6\ul0\nosupersub\cf18\f19\fs23 On the social side, although Paki stan is lacking any visible \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 initiatives, it is necessary for policy makers to give due consideration to the social \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 implications of emigration on Pa kistani society by designing mitigation strategies for \par\pard\ql \li140 0\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1400\sb127\sl-195\slmult0\tx1820 \up0 \expnd tw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\super\cf25\f26\fs18\ul0\super\cf25\f26\fs17 6 \tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf21\f22\fs17 A long term policy do cument highlighting the strategic directions for a \u8220?developed, ind ustrialized, just and \par\pard\qj \li1820\ri1246\sb1\sl-200\slmult0 \up0 \exp ndtw-1\charscalex100 prosperous Pakistan through rapid and sustainable dev elopment in a resource constrained economy by \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex10 0 deploying knowledge inputs\u8221? (GoP 2006). \par\pard\ql \li1400\sb0\sl-195\ slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1400\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1400\sb115\sl-195\ slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf22\f23\fs17 18 {\shp {\*\shpinst\shpleft1371\shptop1916\shpright10532\shpbottom1936\shpfhdr0\sh pbxpage\shpbypage\shpwr3\shpwrk0\shpfblwtxt1\shpz12\shplid0 {\sp{\sn shapeType}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipH}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipV}{\sv 0}}{\sp{ \sn geoRight}{\sv 9161}}{\sp{\sn geoBottom}{\sv 20}} {\sp{\sn pVerticies}{\sv 8;4;(0,20);(9161,20);(9161,0);(0,0)}} {\sp{\sn pSegmentInfo}{\sv 2;10;16384;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;24577;32768} } {\sp{\sn fFillOK}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fFilled}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fillColor}{\sv 0}}{\s p{\sn fLine}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn lineType}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fArrowheadsOK}{\sv 1}}{\s p{\sn fBehindDocument}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn lineColor}{\sv 0}} }} {\shp {\*\shpinst\shpleft1400\shptop13722\shpright4201\shpbottom13742\shpfhdr0\s hpbxpage\shpbypage\shpwr3\shpwrk0\shpfblwtxt1\shpz277\shplid1 {\sp{\sn shapeType}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipH}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipV}{\sv 0}}{\sp{ \sn geoRight}{\sv 2801}}{\sp{\sn geoBottom}{\sv 20}} {\sp{\sn pVerticies}{\sv 8;4;(0,20);(2801,20);(2801,0);(0,0)}} {\sp{\sn pSegmentInfo}{\sv 2;10;16384;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;24577;32768} } {\sp{\sn fFillOK}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fFilled}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fillColor}{\sv 0}}{\s

p{\sn fLine}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn lineType}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fArrowheadsOK}{\sv 1}}{\s p{\sn fBehindDocument}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn lineColor}{\sv 0}} }}\par\pard\sect\sectd\fs24\paperw11900\paperh16840\pard\sb0\sl-240{\bkmkstart P g23}{\bkmkend Pg23}\par\pard\ql \li8593\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li8593\s b0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li8593\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li8593\sb0 \sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li8593\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li8593\sb0\s l-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li8593\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li8593\sb94\sl -195\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf21\f22\fs17 Policy Paper Series # 35 \par\pard\qj \li1926\sb0\sl-260\slmult0 \par\pard\qj\li1926\ri 1214\sb252\sl-260\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 \ul0\nosupersub\cf18\f19\ fs23 reducing vulnerability and strengthening resilience of emigrant sending hou seholds and \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 sending regions. \par\pard\li1400\sb0\ sl-264\slmult0\par\pard\li1400\sb30\sl-264\slmult0\fi0\tx2100 \up0 \expndtw-1\ch arscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf19\f20\fs23 4.3\tab \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 Re-Assessment of Strategies\par\pard\li1400\sb0\sl-264\slmult0\par\pard\li1400\s b26\sl-264\slmult0\fi0\tx1926 \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf18 \f19\fs23 \u8226?\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 The proposed Policy should pa y more attention to organizing and acknowledging the role\par\pard\qj \li1926\ri 1213\sb0\sl-270\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 of informal emigrant socia l networks. The emigrant workers social networks could play an \line \up0 \expnd tw-2\charscalex100 important role during implementation of various strategies of this Policy in host countries. \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 They can wor k as effective catalysts in assisting CWAs based in foreign missions in \par\par d\ql \li1400\ri1214\sb0\sl-272\slmult0\fi525\tx1926\tx1926\tx1926\tx1926\tx1926\ tx1926 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 undertaking tasks like protection of emigra nt workers, attracting emigrants for using legal \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-4\chars calex100 remittance transfer channels and dissemination information for re-integ ration. \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \u8226? \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex1 00 A regular review of immigration and labor policies of existing and potential Pakistani labor \line\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 hosting countries by a sp ecialized group of policy analysts can help policy makers and \line \tab \up0 \e xpndtw-4\charscalex100 managers in taking necessary preventive measures for the protection of emigrant workers. \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \u8226? \up 0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 The anti-emigrant policies that commonly effetct majo rity of emigrants can be influenced \line\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 throu gh formation of vibrant right based alliances between various stakeholders, huma n \line \tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 right ministries, parliamentarian grou ps and civil society members of labor sending and \line \tab \up0 \expndtw-5\cha rscalex100 hosting countries. \par\pard\ql \li1400\sb6\sl-264\slmult0\tx1925 \up 0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \u8226? \tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 Special emp hasis is required for capacity building of Overseas Employment Promoters \par\pa rd\qj \li1925\ri1212\sb0\sl-270\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 (OEPs) as m ajority of them only have expertise in labor marketing in the Gulf region. \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 While the future labor emigration demands high-lev el expertise of these OEPs in \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 understanding t he policies of labor hosting countries, especially movement under WTO\u8217?s \u p0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 Mode 4. This can be achieved by the introduction of courses on International Labor \up0 \expndtw-5\charscalex100 Marketing and Mana gement in Business Management Studies. \par\pard\ql \li1400\sb7\sl-264\slmult0\t x1925 \dn2 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \u8226? \tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 Es tablishment of Secretariats in major Pakistani labor hosting regions will accele rate the \par\pard\ql \li1400\ri1212\sb11\sl-271\slmult0\fi525\tx1925\tx1925\tx1 925\tx1925\tx1925\tx1925 \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 implementation of the pro posed Policy\u8217?s components that focus on emigrants\u8217? protection \line\ tab \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 and linkages development for attracting foreig n investment in Pakistan. \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \u8226? \up0 \exp ndtw-1\charscalex100 The situation of emigrant sending households and regions de mands investment in human \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 and social dev elopment sectors. They deserve special attention in resource distribution, like \line \tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 health and education infrastructure

development. During re-structuring the OPF, it is \line \tab \up0 \expndt w-2\charscalex100 necessary to evaluate its performance in terms of beneficiarie s and outreach. Furthermore, \line \tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 there is a lso need for extension of health insurance for other members of emigrant sending \line \tab \up0 \expndtw-5\charscalex100 households. \par\pard\ql \li1400\sb15\ sl-264\slmult0\tx1925 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \u8226? \tab \up0 \expndtw-2 \charscalex100 Although Pakistan ratified the major fundamental international co nventions (ILO 2010), it \par\pard\qj \li1925\ri1214\sb0\sl-273\slmult0 \up0 \ex pndtw0\charscalex102 is still a non-signatory of the United Nations 1990 Convent ion on the Protection of the \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of their Families. Pakistan can strengthen its \up0 \expndt w-3\charscalex100 stance during campaigns for protection of its emigrants in host countries by signing \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 emigrant-specif ic UN instruments. \par\pard\li1400\sb0\sl-264\slmult0\par\pard\li1400\sb3\sl-26 4\slmult0\fi0\tx2101 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 \ul0\nosupersub\cf19\f20\fs23 4.4\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 Strengthening the Implementation Process\pa r\pard\li1400\sb0\sl-264\slmult0\par\pard\li1400\sb24\sl-264\slmult0\fi0\tx1925 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 \ul0\nosupersub\cf18\f19\fs23 \u8226?\tab \up0 \exp ndtw0\charscalex103 Extension and expansion in institutional setups for better e migration management is a\par\pard\qj \li1925\ri1213\sb6\sl-260\slmult0 \up0 \ex pndtw0\charscalex100 desired initiative. The provisions provided are built upon the existing structure of \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 manageme nt, which inherits a serious problem of intra-communication among all state \par \pard\ql \li10309\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li10309\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \pa r\pard\ql\li10309\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li10309\sb9\sl-195\slmult0 \up 0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf22\f23\fs17 19 {\shp {\*\shpinst\shpleft1371\shptop1916\shpright10532\shpbottom1936\shpfhdr0\sh pbxpage\shpbypage\shpwr3\shpwrk0\shpfblwtxt1\shpz12\shplid0 {\sp{\sn shapeType}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipH}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipV}{\sv 0}}{\sp{ \sn geoRight}{\sv 9161}}{\sp{\sn geoBottom}{\sv 20}} {\sp{\sn pVerticies}{\sv 8;4;(0,20);(9161,20);(9161,0);(0,0)}} {\sp{\sn pSegmentInfo}{\sv 2;10;16384;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;24577;32768} } {\sp{\sn fFillOK}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fFilled}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fillColor}{\sv 0}}{\s p{\sn fLine}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn lineType}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fArrowheadsOK}{\sv 1}}{\s p{\sn fBehindDocument}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn lineColor}{\sv 0}} }}\par\pard\sect\sectd\fs24\paperw11900\paperh16840\pard\sb0\sl-240{\bkmkstart P g24}{\bkmkend Pg24}\par\pard\ql \li1400\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1400\s b0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1400\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1400\sb0 \sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1400\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1400\sb0\s l-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1400\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1400\sb94\sl -195\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf21\f22\fs17 Pakista n\u8217?s National Emigration Policy-A Review \par\pard\ql \li1400\sb0\sl-270\sl mult0 \par\pard\ql\li1400\ri1210\sb234\sl-270\slmult0\fi525\tx1926\tx1926\tx1926 \tx1926\tx1926\tx1926\tx1926\tx1926\tx1926 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\no supersub\cf18\f19\fs23 stakeholders. The proposed heavy mandate demands creati on of another ministerial setup \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 as in ma ny countries emigration is dealt separately from other ministries. \line \up0 \ expndtw-3\charscalex100 \u8226? \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 Globally, non-gove rnmental organizations are very active in safeguarding the interests of \line\ta b \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 emigrants and their families during various stage s of the emigration process. Pakistan\u8217?s \line \tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscal ex102 development sector organizations are also capable of contributing in the Policy\u8217?s \line \tab \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 implementation. Their rich experience in social organization, capacity building, advocacy \line \tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 and research with wider geographic coverage m akes them important stakeholders for the \line \tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex10 0 Government. They can assist in designing and implementation of various interve ntions for \line \tab \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 the purpose of awareness rai

sing of emigrants about their rights, safe emigration and skill \line \tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 enhancement programs, re-integration projects, and condu ct research on socio-economic \line \tab \up0 \expndtw-5\charscalex100 aspects o f emigration. \par\pard\ql \li1400\sb15\sl-264\slmult0\tx1926 \up0 \expndtw-3\ch arscalex100 \u8226? \tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 The initiative of establis hing Market Research Facilitation and Information Center is of \par\pard\qj \li1 926\ri1210\sb13\sl-268\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 extreme importance , however, the assignments of this Center are of diverse nature. \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Research conducted by academia and development sector o n emigration issues will also be \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 helpful for pol icy makers in devising strategies. This also necessitates the need for \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 compilation of all available research on various a spects of emigration under one setup. \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 Moreover, sta keholders like academia, development researchers, right activists etc., can \up0 \expndtw-5\charscalex100 also strengthen the monitoring of the National Emigrat ion Policy. \par\pard\ql \li1400\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1400\sb0\sl-1 95\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1400\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1400\sb0\sl-195 \slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1400\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1400\sb0\sl-195\s lmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1400\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1400\sb0\sl-195\slm ult0 \par\pard\ql\li1400\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1400\sb0\sl-195\slmul t0 \par\pard\ql\li1400\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1400\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1400\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1400\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \ par\pard\ql\li1400\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1400\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \pa r\pard\ql\li1400\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1400\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\ pard\ql\li1400\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1400\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pa rd\ql\li1400\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1400\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard \ql\li1400\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1400\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\q l\li1400\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1400\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\ li1400\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1400\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li 1400\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1400\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li14 00\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1400\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1400 \sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1400\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1400\s b0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1400\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1400\sb0 \sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1400\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1400\sb0\s l-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1400\sb68\sl-195\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex 100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf22\f23\fs17 20 {\shp {\*\shpinst\shpleft1371\shptop1916\shpright10532\shpbottom1936\shpfhdr0\sh pbxpage\shpbypage\shpwr3\shpwrk0\shpfblwtxt1\shpz12\shplid0 {\sp{\sn shapeType}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipH}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipV}{\sv 0}}{\sp{ \sn geoRight}{\sv 9161}}{\sp{\sn geoBottom}{\sv 20}} {\sp{\sn pVerticies}{\sv 8;4;(0,20);(9161,20);(9161,0);(0,0)}} {\sp{\sn pSegmentInfo}{\sv 2;10;16384;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;24577;32768} } {\sp{\sn fFillOK}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fFilled}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fillColor}{\sv 0}}{\s p{\sn fLine}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn lineType}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fArrowheadsOK}{\sv 1}}{\s p{\sn fBehindDocument}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn lineColor}{\sv 0}} }}\par\pard\sect\sectd\fs24\paperw11900\paperh16840\pard\sb0\sl-240{\bkmkstart P g25}{\bkmkend Pg25}\par\pard\ql \li8593\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li8593\s b0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li8593\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li8593\sb0 \sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li8593\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li8593\sb0\s l-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li8593\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li8593\sb94\sl -195\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf21\f22\fs17 Policy Paper Series # 35 \par\pard\ql \li1400\sb0\sl-264\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1400\sb 245\sl-264\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf19\f20\fs23 R eferences \par\pard\qj \li1400\sb0\sl-260\slmult0 \par\pard\qj\li1400\ri1214\sb2 0\sl-260\slmult0\fi0 \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf18\f19\fs23 Addleton, J.S. 1992, \ul0\nosupersub\cf27\f28\fs23 Undermining the centre: Gulf migration and Pakistan\ul0\nosupersub\cf18\f19\fs23 , Oxford University \up0 \e xpndtw-5\charscalex100 Press, Karachi. \par\pard\qj \li1400\sb0\sl-270\slmult0 \

par\pard\qj\li1400\ri1210\sb2\sl-270\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 Agunia s, D.R. 2008, \u8216?Managing temporary migration: Lessons from the Philippine model\u8217?, \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf27\f28\fs23 Insig ht Program on Migrants, Migration, and Development\ul0\nosupersub\cf18\f19\fs23 , Migration Policy Institute, accessed \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 in December 2010, \par\pard\ql \li1400\sb1\sl-257\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-5\charscalex100 <ht tp://www.migrationpolicy.org/pubs/Insight_POEA_Oct07.pdf> \par\pard\qj \li1400\r i1214\sb265\sl-280\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 AI 2009, \u8216?The sta te of the world\u8217?s human rights: Amnesty International report 2009\u8217?, Amnesty \up0 \expndtw-5\charscalex100 International. \par\pard\qj \li1400\ri1213 \sb241\sl-280\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 Arif, G.M. 2008, \u8216?Rec ruitment of Pakistani workers for overseas employment: Mechanisms, \line \up0 \e xpndtw-4\charscalex100 exploitations and vulnerabilities\u8217?, Pakistan Instit ute of Development Economics, Islamabad. \par\pard\qj \li1400\sb0\sl-260\slmult0 \par\pard\qj\li1400\ri1214\sb17\sl-260\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 Ar if, G.M. 1997, \u8216?Population mobility across the Pakistani border: Fifty yea rs experience\u8217?, \ul0\nosupersub\cf27\f28\fs23 The \up0 \expndtw-5\charscal ex100 Pakistan Development Review\ul0\nosupersub\cf18\f19\fs23 , vol.36, no. 4, pp. 989-1009. \par\pard\ql \li1400\sb0\sl-264\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1400\sb13\s l-264\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 AU 2005, \u8216?Annual African Union Summit of Heads of State\u8217?, Sirte, Libya. \par\pard\qj \li1400\sb0\sl-260\ slmult0 \par\pard\qj\li1400\ri1214\sb20\sl-260\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscale x100 Borjas, G. 2009, \u8216?The Borjas Blog-George Borjas\u8217?s thoughts on i mmigration, labor markets, and \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 random stuff\u8217? , in G. Borjas (ed.) \ul0\nosupersub\cf27\f28\fs23 Economics Roundtable\ul0\nosu persub\cf18\f19\fs23 . \par\pard\qj \li1400\sb0\sl-260\slmult0 \par\pard\qj\li14 00\ri1215\sb20\sl-260\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 AMC 2005, \u8216?As ian Migrant Yearbook 2005- Country Reports: Gulf\u8217?, Asian Migrant Center \ up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 (AMC), Hong Kong and Migrant Forum in Asia (MFA). \ par\pard\qj \li1400\sb0\sl-270\slmult0 \par\pard\qj\li1400\ri1213\sb2\sl-270\slm ult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 Gazdar, H. 2003, \u8216?A review of migration issues in Pakistan\u8217?, paper prepared for the Regional \up0 \expndtw0\charsc alex100 Conference on Migration Development Pro-Poor Policy Choices in Asia, Dha ka, Bangladesh, \up0 \expndtw-5\charscalex100 22-24 June 2003. \par\pard\qj \li1 400\sb0\sl-260\slmult0 \par\pard\qj\li1400\ri1213\sb19\sl-260\slmult0 \up0 \expn dtw-3\charscalex100 Gazdar, H. 2008, \u8216?International migration and da ta statistics: Pakistan\u8217?, \ul0\nosupersub\cf27\f28\fs23 Asian and Pac ific \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 Migration Journal\ul0\nosupersub\cf18\f19\fs2 3 , vol. 17, issue 3-4, pp. 311-324. \par\pard\qj \li1400\sb0\sl-270\slmult0 \pa r\pard\qj\li1400\ri1214\sb2\sl-270\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 GoNWFP 2002, \u8216?NWFP: A district-based multiple indicators cluster survey 2001\u821 7?, Planning and \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 Development Department, Provinci al Government of the North West Frontier Province, \up0 \expndtw-5\charsc alex100 Peshawar, Pakistan. \par\pard\qj \li1400\sb0\sl-260\slmult0 \par\pard\qj \li1400\ri1212\sb19\sl-260\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 GoP 2006, \u82 16?Strategic directions to achieve Vision 2030\u8217?, Planning Commission of P akistan, \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Government of Pakistan, Islamabad. \par\p ard\ql \li1400\sb0\sl-264\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1400\sb13\sl-264\slmult0 \up0 \ expndtw-4\charscalex100 GoP 2008, \u8216?A growth oriented National Employment P olicy,\u8217? Decent Work for All \par\pard\qj \li1400\ri1215\sb20\sl-260\slmult 0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 \u8220?Bawaqar Rozgar Sub Kay Leeay\u8221? Growth , Labor and Manpower Division, Policy Planning \up0 \expndtw-5\charscalex100 Cel l, Government of Pakistan, Islamabad, viewed in September 2009, \par\pard\ql \li 10309\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li10309\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li 10309\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li10309\sb149\sl-195\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw -2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf22\f23\fs17 21 {\shp {\*\shpinst\shpleft1371\shptop1916\shpright10532\shpbottom1936\shpfhdr0\sh pbxpage\shpbypage\shpwr3\shpwrk0\shpfblwtxt1\shpz12\shplid0 {\sp{\sn shapeType}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipH}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipV}{\sv 0}}{\sp{

\sn geoRight}{\sv 9161}}{\sp{\sn geoBottom}{\sv 20}} {\sp{\sn pVerticies}{\sv 8;4;(0,20);(9161,20);(9161,0);(0,0)}} {\sp{\sn pSegmentInfo}{\sv 2;10;16384;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;24577;32768} } {\sp{\sn fFillOK}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fFilled}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fillColor}{\sv 0}}{\s p{\sn fLine}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn lineType}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fArrowheadsOK}{\sv 1}}{\s p{\sn fBehindDocument}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn lineColor}{\sv 0}} }}\par\pard\sect\sectd\fs24\paperw11900\paperh16840\pard\sb0\sl-240{\bkmkstart P g26}{\bkmkend Pg26}\par\pard\ql \li1400\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1400\s b0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1400\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1400\sb0 \sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1400\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1400\sb0\s l-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1400\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1400\sb94\sl -195\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf21\f22\fs17 Pakista n\u8217?s National Emigration Policy-A Review \par\pard\ql \li1400\sb0\sl-264\sl mult0 \par\pard\ql\li1400\sb245\sl-264\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul 0\nosupersub\cf18\f19\fs23 < http://www.lmis.gov.pk/publications/NEP.pdf> \par\p ard\ql \li1400\sb0\sl-266\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1400\ri1214\sb9\sl-266\slmult0\ tx1996\tx2701 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 GoP \tab \up0 \expndtw-5\charscalex1 00 2009, \tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 \u8216?National Emigration Policy: Promoting regular emigration and protecting \line\up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex 100 emigrants\u8217?, Policy Planning Cell, Labor and Manpower Division, Ministry of Labor and \line \up0 \expndtw-5\charscalex100 Manpower, Governme nt of Pakistan, Islamabad, viewed in September 2009, \line \up0 \expndtw-5\chars calex100 <http://www.lmis.gov.pk/publications/NMP.pdf> \par\pard\qj \li1400\sb0\ sl-260\slmult0 \par\pard\qj\li1400\ri1214\sb19\sl-260\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\cha rscalex100 Hamdani, S.A.R. 2006, \u8216?Bureau of emigration and overseas emp loyment: Performance and \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 evaluation\u8217?, Bureau of Emigration and Overseas Employment. \par\pard\qj \li1400\sb0\sl-270\slmult0 \par\pard\qj\li1400\ri1213\sb2\sl-270\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 Hamp shire, J. and Saggar, S. 2006, \u8216?Migration, integration and security in the UK since July 7\u8217?, \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 University of Sussex, acce ssed from the Migration Information Source website in December \up0 \expndtw-5\c harscalex100 2010, <http://www.migrationinformation.org/Feature/display.cfm?ID=3 83> \par\pard\qj \li1400\sb0\sl-260\slmult0 \par\pard\qj\li1400\ri1213\sb19\sl-2 60\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 ILO 2006, \u8216?ILO multilateral frame work on labor migration\u8217?, International Labor Organization, \up0 \expndtw5\charscalex100 Geneva. \par\pard\li1400\sb0\sl-264\slmult0\par\pard\li1400\sb25 \sl-264\slmult0\fi0\tx1979\tx2696 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 ILO\tab \up0 \exp ndtw0\charscalex102 2010,\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 \u8216?ILOLEX: Datab ase of international labor standards\u8217?, International Labor\par\pard\ li1400\sb5\sl-264\slmult0\fi0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 Organization, Geneva. \par\pard\qj \li1400\ri1213\sb243\sl-280\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 LH RLA 2007, \u8216?Review of Pre-departure Program (PDP) for prospective migrants: An action \up0 \expndtw-5\charscalex100 research\u8217?, Lawyers for Human Righ ts and Legal Aid, Karachi, Pakistan. \par\pard\qj \li1400\sb0\sl-260\slmult0 \pa r\pard\qj\li1400\ri1212\sb17\sl-260\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 OECD 2 000, \ul0\nosupersub\cf27\f28\fs23 Combating the illegal employment of foreign w orkers\ul0\nosupersub\cf18\f19\fs23 , Organization for Economic \up0 \expndtw-5\ charscalex100 Co-operation and Development, OECD Publishing. \par\pard\qj \li140 0\sb0\sl-260\slmult0 \par\pard\qj\li1400\ri1212\sb20\sl-260\slmult0 \up0 \expndt w-1\charscalex100 OECD 2007, \u8216?International migration outlook\u8217?, Or ganization for Economic Co-operation and \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Developme nt, OECD Publishing. \par\pard\ql \li1400\sb0\sl-264\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1400 \sb13\sl-264\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-5\charscalex100 OPF 2009, Overseas Pakistanis Foundation: Departments, Islamabad. \par\pard\qj \li1400\sb0\sl-260\slmult0 \pa r\pard\qj\li1400\ri1213\sb20\sl-260\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 PILDAT 2008, Overseas Pakistani workers: Significance and issues of migration\u8217?, Pakistan \up0 \expndtw-5\charscalex100 Institute of Legislative Development, Isl amabad, Pakistan. \par\pard\qj \li1400\ri1215\sb264\sl-280\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw 0\charscalex100 SBP 2009, \u8216?Home remittances\u8217?, Statistics and Da

ta Warehouse Department, State Bank of \up0 \expndtw-5\charscalex100 Pakistan. \par\pard\qj \li1400\ri1214\sb241\sl-280\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 P owers, M.G. et al. 2004, \u8216?IRCA: Lessons of the last US legalization progra m\u8217?, accessed from \up0 \expndtw-5\charscalex100 the Migration Information Source website in December 2010, \par\pard\ql \li1400\sb1\sl-255\slmult0 \up0 \e xpndtw-5\charscalex100 < http://www.migrationinformation.org/feature/display.cfm ?ID=233> \par\pard\qj \li1400\ri1212\sb265\sl-280\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charsc alex100 SDPI 2010 \u8216?Migration and development\u8217?, Sustainable Developme nt Policy Institute, Islamabad, \up0 \expndtw-5\charscalex100 Pakistan. \par\par d\ql \li1400\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1400\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard \ql\li1400\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1400\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\q l\li1400\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1400\sb16\sl-195\slmult0 \up0 \expndt w-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf22\f23\fs17 22 {\shp {\*\shpinst\shpleft1371\shptop1916\shpright10532\shpbottom1936\shpfhdr0\sh pbxpage\shpbypage\shpwr3\shpwrk0\shpfblwtxt1\shpz12\shplid0 {\sp{\sn shapeType}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipH}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipV}{\sv 0}}{\sp{ \sn geoRight}{\sv 9161}}{\sp{\sn geoBottom}{\sv 20}} {\sp{\sn pVerticies}{\sv 8;4;(0,20);(9161,20);(9161,0);(0,0)}} {\sp{\sn pSegmentInfo}{\sv 2;10;16384;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;24577;32768} } {\sp{\sn fFillOK}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fFilled}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fillColor}{\sv 0}}{\s p{\sn fLine}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn lineType}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fArrowheadsOK}{\sv 1}}{\s p{\sn fBehindDocument}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn lineColor}{\sv 0}} }}\par\pard\sect\sectd\fs24\paperw11900\paperh16840\pard\sb0\sl-240{\bkmkstart P g27}{\bkmkend Pg27}\par\pard\ql \li8593\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li8593\s b0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li8593\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li8593\sb0 \sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li8593\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li8593\sb0\s l-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li8593\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li8593\sb94\sl -195\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf21\f22\fs17 Policy Paper Series # 35 \par\pard\qj \li1400\sb0\sl-270\slmult0 \par\pard\qj\li1400\ri 1214\sb234\sl-270\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf18\f19 \fs23 Shah, N.M. 2005, \u8216?Restrictive labor immigration policies in the oilrich Gulf: Effectiveness and \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 implications fo r sending Asian countries\u8217?, United Nations Expert Group Meeting on Social and \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Economic Implications of Changing Popula tion Age Structure, Population Division, Department \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charsc alex100 of Economic and Social Affairs, United Nations Secretariat, Mexico City, accessed in December \line \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 2010, \par\pard\ql \li 1400\sb1\sl-257\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 <http://www.un.org/esa/pop ulation/migration/turin/Symposium_Turin_files/P03_Shah.pdf> \par\pard\qj \li1400 \ri1212\sb0\sl-280\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Terrazas, A. 2008, \u82 16?Immigration enforcement in the United States\u8217?, accessed from the Migrat ion \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 Information Source website in December 2010, \ par\pard\ql \li1400\sb1\sl-237\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-5\charscalex100 <http://www .migrationinformation.org/USfocus/display.cfm?id=697> \par\pard\qj \li1400\ri121 4\sb268\sl-280\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 Thieme, Susan et al. 2009, \u8216?Making migration safer: Evidence for policy\u8217?, NCCR North-South, \up 0 \expndtw-5\charscalex100 National Center of Competence in Research, Zurich. \p ar\pard\ql \li10309\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li10309\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \ par\pard\ql\li10309\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li10309\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \ par\pard\ql\li10309\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li10309\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \ par\pard\ql\li10309\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li10309\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \ par\pard\ql\li10309\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li10309\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \ par\pard\ql\li10309\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li10309\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \ par\pard\ql\li10309\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li10309\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \ par\pard\ql\li10309\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li10309\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \ par\pard\ql\li10309\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li10309\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \ par\pard\ql\li10309\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li10309\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \ par\pard\ql\li10309\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li10309\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \

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