(3.5 to 5.

0)

Albumin

Protein formed in liver maintains osmotic pressure at capillary membrane prevents fluid from leaking out of cell.

( 0-40) ALT Liver value

( 0-40) AST Liver value

( 8-21) BUN (blood urea nitrogen) Kidney value

( 8.4-10.6 mg/dl) ELECTROLYTE involved in formation of bone/teeth necessary for blood coagulation essential for normal nerve/muscle activity

Calcium (Ca2+)

( 96-106 mEq/L )

Chloride (Cl-)

ELECTROLYTE helps maintain acid-base balance Important to formation of hydrochloric acid secretion in stomach aids in maintaing plasma electroneutrality

Components of blood

55% PLASMA which includes --7% proteins (albumins, globulins, fibrinogen, prothromin) --91% water --2% other solutes (ions, nutrients, waste, gases, regulatory substances) 45% FORMED ELEMENTS which includes --platelets --leukocytes --erthrocytes

( 30-170) CPK muscle damage

(0.6 -1.2) Creatine kidney value

NEGATIVE < 0.5 Blood test for fibrin degradation, assess thrombin activity. Useful in diagnosing pulmonary embolism and DIC (Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation)

D-Dimer

( 50% to 70%) EF (ejection fraction) percentage of blood that is ejected from heart during systole.

( 0-20 )

ESR (Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate)

(rate at which RBC settle) Detects inflammation and infection NONSPECIFIC where

( 20-200ng/ml) Ferritin serum stored iron value checks for anemia

(22-26 mEq/L) HCO3 arterial blood gas

( 22-26 mEq/L ) HCO3 (Bicarbonate) a buffer that neutralizes excess acids in the body.

( 40-60 ) HDL (good cholesterol)

( 37-54%) Hematocrit % of RBC to plasma/fluid volume

( 12-18) Hemoglobin Oxygen attached to RBC

( < 7.0 )

Hg A1C

hemoglobin A1C shows measurement of glucose over past 6-12 weeks (tattle tale test)

( 2-3) INR with coumadin Clotting

( < 130 ) LDL (bad cholesterol)

Lipid Panel

Total cholesterol = < 200 HDL= 40-60 LDL= < 130 Triglycerides= < 150
( 1.3 to 2.1mg/dl ) ELECTROLYTE necessary fo rbuilding bones/teeth necessary fo rnerve transmission/contact acts as a cofactor to cellular enzymes in many metabolic reactions.

Magnesium (Mg 2+)

( 0.6-1.3) Normal INR Clotting

Normal PT

( 12-14 sec)

Normal PTT

( 20-25 sec)

( 35-45 mm Hg) PaCO2 arterial blood gas- partial pressure of carbon dioxide

(80-100 mmHg) PaO2 Arterial blood gas-partial pressure exerted by oxygen

( 7.35-7.45) PH arterial blood gas

( 3.0 to 4.5 mg/dl ) ELECTROLYTE necessary for formation of ATP Cofactor in carbohydrate, protein and lipid metabolism Activates B-complex vitamins

Phosphate (PO 4-)

PLT (platelet count)

( 150,000- 400,000)

( 3.5 to 5.0 mEq/L ) ELECTROLYTE important to nerve transmission/muscle contract helps maintain normal heart rhythm helps maintain plasma acid-base balance

Potassium (K+)

PT on coumadin

( 20-24 sec)

PTT on hep drip

( 50-90 sec)

RBC (red blood cell)

( 4.2 million-6.2 million)

( 94% to 100%) SaO2 or O2Sat arterial blood gas

( 135 to 145 mEq/L ) ELECTROLYTE major cation of extracellular fluid major role in water balance regulates extracellular fluid volume water follows sodium concentration in body transmission of nerve impulses controls contractility of heart Acid-base balance

Sodium (NA+)

Total iron binding

(250-410 mcg/dl)

Total Protein

( 6.0-8.0)

Triglycerides

( < 150 )

( < 0.3 ) Troponin heart muscle damage

WBC (leukocytes)

( 4,500-11,000 )

part of WBC (LM)-produced in red bone marrow and lymphatic tissue. Lymphocytes= 25-33% of WBC -occur as B cells and T cells. -B cells change into plasma cells that produce immunoglobulins in immune response -T cells, some are killer cells taht fight antigens and provide cellmediated immune response. Monocytes= 3-7% of WBC -become macrophages(large mononuclear monocytes), they migrate out into tissues and become phagocytes.

What are Agranulocytes

part of WBC (remember NEB, or BEN) produced in red bone marrow. Neutrophils= 54-62% of WBC -engulf and destroy bacteria by phagocytosis

What are granulocytes

Eosinophils= 1-3% of WBC -detoxify foreign proteins, increase in allergic and parasitic Basophils= 0-1% of WBC -release histamine in response to allergens , hepl prevent clotting in small blood vessels