Alexis Stevenson IV Therapy Chapter 6 Review Questions

1. The rationales or indications for using IV therapy fall into 3 categories: maintenance therapy, replacement therapy and restoration therapy. 2. Factors that influence the normal intake of fluids, including the drinking of liquids, the

consumption of food, and the oxidization of nutrients during metabolism.

3. Common medications that are administered intravenously include antimicrobial agents

such as cephalosporin, aminoglycosides, penicillin,; anticoagulants, antifungals, antiviral agents, bronchodilators, hypoglycemic drugs, insulin, immunosuppressant, biotherapy drugs, neuromuscular blocking agents, chemotherapy drugs and opioid drugs for intermittent or continuous pain relief.
4. Methods for administration of medications or drug therapy include continuous or

intermittent infusion, bolus injection, and piggy back infusion.

5. Individuals that are dehydrated; vomiting; experiencing electrolyte imbalance;

unconscious; in shock; or unable to take medications, fluids or nourishment orally benefit from the advantages of IV therapy as fluids and electrolytes are replaced. Additional advantages include the administration of antibiotics and other medications as many antibiotics require specific blood levels of their content to be maintained to reach optimum benefits. The requirement that blood levels remain constant to be effective is helped with IV therapy.
6. The patient complains of the skin will feeling tight and the skin appears stretched and

taut. The signs are usually seen close to the insertion site including slowing or stopping of the fluid infusion, tissue induration, and swelling around the injection site with tissue remaining cool to the touch.
7. The first line of defense of protecting the patient from infection as a result of IV therapy

is the practice of good and consistent hand hygiene and proper medical asepsis.
8. S/S of generalized infection include chills and fever, increasing heart and respiratory rate

and dropping BP. Anxiety and restlessness or lethargy are usually present. The patient may complain of not feeling right or advise Something is wrong. These symptoms may be delayed reaction after the IV has been discontinued.
9. Early stages of fluid overload patient will display apprehension and SOB. Pulse,

respiratory rates and BP increase. As the fluid increases, patient will exhibit SOB, anxiety, elevated BP and bounding pulse. Respirations and pulse become more rapid. Edema is often present around the eyes and especially in limbs. Neck veins appear distended. Skin appears taut and shiny and there may be peripheral cyanosis. Capillary

refill is delayed and fluid is auscultated in the lungs. Weigh the patient, a weight gain usually is noted from before the onset of the therapy. CHF and pulmonary edema are sequela that may be seen.
10. S/S of PE depends on the size and location of the embolism along with the general

physical condition of the patient. Apprehension is common upon the onset of the obstruction and during the course of treatment. The patient with a small, uncomplicated embolism has cough, angina and low-grade fever. More extensivesudden onset of angina acute SOB, dyspnea and tachypnea with extreme anxiety. HR will become very rapid and BP drops. Caused by migration from limb to pulmonary circulation where it becomes lodged in a smaller pulmonary vessel.