DS-KPDS Vocabulary Study

VERBS Match the verbs on the left column with their synonyms or definitions on the right column.

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

abandon ensnare faint suspect oversee

a) b) c) d) e)

_______ doubt, distrust, imagine to be so _______ leave, stop _______ watch, organize _______ catch, trap, net _______ lose consciousness unexpectedly

6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

Spiders.. flies and other insects in their webs. The climbers had to .. their attempt to ascend the mountain. No one.. anything was wrong. My sister doesnt want to be a doctor because she .. the sight of blood. The role of the UN force is to .. the transport of aid to the parts of the country that need it most. commence substitute prevail indicate argue a) b) c) d) e) _______ replace _______ debate _______ dominate, reign _______ show, point or make clear _______ start, begin

11. 12. 13. 14. 15.

Initial results ..that the election result is going to be very close. Owen was ..for Ronaldo in the second half of the match. When you've finished your talking, I shall .. the lesson. Tom and Jane spent a long time .. about which film to go and see. This is a strange custom that still .. in certain communities. conceal fascinate display reproach consign a) b) c) d) e) _______ exhibit _______ hide _______ send _______ scold, criticize, rebuke _______ captivate, interest

16. 17. 18. 19. 20.

His mother .. him for not eating all his dinner. The goods have been ..to the company by air. They ..the advertisement on the notice board so that everyone can see it. He tried to .. his surprise when she said she was only 17. Anything to do with airplanes and flying .. him. appear reduce compel endanger assess a) b) c) d) e) _______ evaluate _______ decrease _______ oblige, force _______ seem _______ jeopardize, risk

21. 22. 23. 24. 25.

The new circumstances .. a change in policy. The plane..speed as it approached the airport. It's too early to.. the long-term consequences of the Popes death. The police must deal with criminals without .. the lives of passers-by. It ..to me that we need to take some measures. ignore a) _______ neglect, overlook disperse b) _______ adapt admire c) _______ scatter fulfil d) _______ do, perform, carry out adjust e) _______ appreciate

The police . the crowd that had gathered around the building.

DS-KPDS Vocabulary Study

Zoos . an important function in the protection of rare species. I was just .. your new hair style, Jane - it's wonderful! As a teacher, you should .. your methods to suit the needs of slower children. They call me rude names, but I just . it and walk on.

26. 27. 28. 29. 30.

confess demand overcome fail allow

a) b) c) d) e)

_______ succeed, defeat _______ want, desire _______ be unsuccessful _______ permit, let _______ admit

She . that he return the books he borrowed from her. I must . that when I first met your boyfriend, I didn't think he was very handsome. We certainly hope that the program will . its difficulties and fulfil its aims. The police officer didn't . us to leave until we'd paid the fine. He miserably in his attempt to break the world record.

31. 32. 33. 34. 35.

implement deserve establish deny join

a) b) c) d) e)

_______ set up, found _______ refuse _______ become a member, participate _______ apply, practice _______ merit

It is a great club. Why don't you ..? Our company . a new branch in Paris. The charity .. better support than it is currently receiving. The changes to the new tax system will be ..next year. The three defendants .all charges.

36. 37. 38. 39. 40.

fit encounter regret compose perceive

a) b) c) d) e)

_______ see, understand _______ feel or express sadness _______ meet unexpectedly _______ form, make up _______ be suitable for

Is there anything in your past life that you ..? When did you first these problems? This jacket you perfectly. ..that he wasn't happy with the arrangements, I tried to book a different hotel. At the end of the Vietnam war, women ..only 1.6 % of the US forces, but the percentage is much higher now.

41. 42. 43. 44. 45.

pursue abduct betray confirm vary

a) b) c) d) e)

_______ deceive, cheat _______ kidnap, snatch _______ change _______ follow _______ affirm, verify

Salary scales from state to state. The businessman was .from his car by terrorists. Ten people have that they will be attending and six haven't replied yet. The hunters spent hours their prey. He was accused of ..his country during the war.

DS-KPDS Vocabulary Study

46. 47. 48. 49. 50.

assure avoid involve decline postpone

a) b) c) d) e)

_______ include _______ delay, put off _______ guarantee, insure _______ refrain, prevent _______ decrease

Since the scare about mad cow disease, she has .beef like the plague. The car mechanic me that the car would be ready the next day. They decided to .their holiday until the autumn. His interest in the project .after his wife died. Research ....... the use of biological warfare agents is supposed to be only for defensive purposes.

51. 52. 53. 54. 55.

promise entail commit tackle confine

a) b) c) d) e)

_______ require _______ do something illegal or considered wrong _______ deal with _______ pledge _______ limit, restrict

There are many ways of ... this trouble. I don't like a job in which I'm ..to doing only one thing. Anyone caught an offence will be punished. Her husband ..her a new bedroom suite if shed lose weight. For many parents, having children. certain sacrifices and responsibilities.

56. 57. 58. 59. 60.

utilize cease proceed insist allege

a) b) c) d) e)

_______ stop _______ start or continue _______ urge, persist _______ claim, suggest _______ use, exploit

She.. on seeing her lawyer. After a year of arguments, preparations for the festival are now .smoothly. The party leader spoke for two hours without.. The two men ..that the police forced them to make false confessions. At the development phase it is possible to earlier researches.

61. 62. 63. 64. 65.

demonstrate trust conquer persuade reinforce

a) b) c) d) e)

_______ convince _______ invade, occupy _______ strengthen _______ show _______ rely on, depend on

66. 67. 68. 69. 70.

It's no use trying to him that you're innocent. His behaviour merely. my dislike of him. Fatih Sultan Mehmet .. Istanbul in 1453. You can certainly him to look after the money - he's completely honest. Recent researches have that babies can recognize their mother's voice very soon after birth. respond cure arise expect rebuke a) b) c) d) e) _______ react _______ originate, happen, emerge _______ treat _______ scold _______ hope, anticipate

His mother .David for frightening his sister. I asked her what the time was, but she...

DS-KPDS Vocabulary Study

71. 72. 73. 74. 75.

Are there any matters from the last meeting? We ..that everything will be alright in the end. After three years, she was . of the cancer. alter resume deduce intervene devote a) b) c) d) e) _______ infer, conclude, reach a decision _______ dedicate, give _______ interfere, become involved _______ shift, change _______ restart

76. 77. 78. 79. 80.

She has ..all her life to the care of homeless people. I didn't feel I could ..in a family dispute. The police have that he must have left his apartment yesterday evening. The waiter apologized and ..the figure on the bill. The Mayor stopped to take a sip of water and then .speaking. improve devastate forgive yell execute a) b) c) d) e) _______ shout _______ excuse _______ destroy, ruin _______ do, perform, fulfil _______ get better, develop

She never him for his lies. Now that we have approval, we may ..the scheme as previously agreed. Our neighbours were ..at each other last night. The earthquake ..the whole region. Her health has .dramatically since she started on this new diet.

81. 82. 83. 84. 85.

convert murder omit save alienate

a) b) c) d) e)

_______ rescue, keep safe _______ leave out, exclude _______ kill, commit a crime _______ isolate, feel distant _______ turn into, change

Tom became very cross as he was .from the list of contributors to the report. Suddenly he fell in the river but his friend him from drowning. Twenty years in prison him from his family. What's the formula for pounds into kilos? Her husband was by gunmen as she watched.

86. 87. 88. 89. 90.

scorn distinguish found prohibit attempt

a) b) c) d) e)

_______ ban, forbid _______ try _______ disdain, look down on _______ differentiate _______ build, establish

Buildings ..on clay are the most likely to be damaged when the soil dries out. Jessica ..all my offers of help, so that's the last chance she'll get! The government .. a law prohibiting tobacco advertisements on TV. He ..a joke, but it was received in silence. Being colour-blind, Jack can't the difference between red and green easily.

DS-KPDS Vocabulary Study

91. 92. 93. 94. 95.

withdraw amuse recover complete inflict

a) b) c) d) e)

_______ entertain, make someone laugh _______ cause to suffer _______ retreat, back out, remove _______ finish _______ get over, become completely well again

At school he always devises games .. his classmates. Has the new bridge been . yet? There's been a lot of debate about whether the US should its troops from Iraq. It took a long time for Turkish economy to.. after the slump. His forearms were covered in slash marks which he had . on himself in prison.

96. spread 97. tempt 98. yield 99. constitute 100. undermine

a) b) c) d) e)

_______ distribute, disperse _______ weaken _______ comprise, form _______ entice, provoke _______ produce, supply, harvest

Every mistake that she makes further . her authority. The fire very rapidly because of the strong wind. Women about 5% of Parliament. The talks with management failed to .. any results. The sunny day .... him into wearing shorts and a T-shirt.

101. transmit 102. associate 103. seek 104. reject 105. discourage

a) b) c) d) e)

_______ search, look for _______ refuse, turn down _______ link, join or connect together _______ send, convey, carry _______ feel less confident and willing to do

I'd rather not myself with extremist political statements. The thought of how much work she had to do her. Fibre-optic cables will .. the electronic signals. The Prime Minister ..the suggestion that it was time for him to resign. Many posts would be taken by the short-term unemployed, the group that is actively . jobs.

106. proclaim 107. diverge 108. accumulate 109. obtain 110. condemn

a) b) c) d) e)

_______ get, acquire _______ disapprove, criticize strongly _______ declare, announce publicly _______ pile up, collect _______ move apart, become different

Sugar is by crushing and processing sugar cane. A thick layer of dust had in the room. They walked along the road together until they reached the village, but then their paths .. The terrorist action has been as an act of barbarism and cowardice. Republican Party members confidently . victory even as the first few votes came in.

111. clap 112. grant 113. abolish 114. expand 115. approach

a) b) c) d) e)

_______ give _______ broaden, enlarge, increase in size _______ applaud _______ come near _______ end officially, cancel

DS-KPDS Vocabulary Study

They an entry visa to her. They . their retail operations significantly during the 1980s. Some people think bullfighting should be . The audience in time to the music. If you look out of the window on the left of the bus, you'll see that we're now . the Tower of London.

116. bewilder 117. award 118. emit 119. eradicate 120. irritate

a) b) c) d) e)

_______ give, grant, present _______ send out, give off _______ annoy, make angry _______ confuse, confound _______ eliminate, destroy, get rid of, wipe out

After a while the noise began to . her. A new environment can . and frighten a child. The university has Mary a $1000 travel grant. The alarm ..infra-red rays which are used to detect any intruder. The disease which once claimed millions of lives in the country has now been ...

ADJECTIVES Match the adjectives on the left column with their synonyms or definitions on the right column.

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

abrupt wise unsanitary trifling bare

a) b) c) d) e)

_______ clever, prudent, astute _______ petty, trivial, insignificant _______ naked, without any clothes _______ sudden _______ unclean, unhygienic, unhealthy, polluted

6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

As usual the committee were discussing some .. matter at great length. After the destructive earthquake, the main concern among people is living conditions. Don't walk around outside in your .. feet. The ground is thorny. Looking at the rainy weather, I think we made a decision not to go to the coast this weekend. Our conversation came to an end when Julia burst into the room. tactful staggering redundant barren abominable a) b) c) d) e) _______ arid, unproductive _______ sensitive, considerate, thoughtful _______ awful, extremely bad _______ astounding, surprising, stunning, amazing _______ unnecessary, superfluous, excessive, jobless

11. 12. 13. 14. 15.

We drove through a .., rocky landscape. It costs a .. $50 000 per week to keep the museum open to the public. The prisoners in Iraq were forced to live in . conditions. Mentioning his husbands baldness wasn't very .. The newly workers were furious to see robots doing their old work. vulnerable absorbent weary talented beneficial a) b) c) d) e) _______ gifted, able _______ tired, exhausted _______ susceptible, defenceless, unprotected _______ spongy _______ useful, helpful

Tourists are more .. to attack, because they do not know which areas of the city to avoid. They were rather .. after a 22-hour bus journey. The improvement in sales figures had a . effect on the company as a whole. I think you need some . cloth to clean up that spilt milk. Idil Biret is a . pianist all over the world.

DS-KPDS Vocabulary Study

16. 17. 18. 19. 20.

abstract tough swift vintage benevolent

a) b) c) d) e)

_______ harsh, rigid, strict, severe, stringent _______ kind and helpful _______ old-fashioned, antique _______ quick, fast _______ conceptual, theoretical

21. 22. 23. 24. 25.

The government is continuing to take a . stance on terrorism. Her head's full of ideas about justice and revolution. I have a car which was produced in 1970s. He was a old man, he wouldn't hurt a fly. The country seems to have made a and successful transition to a capitalist economy. bilateral a) _______ ridiculous, preposterous sustainable b) _______ difficult, harsh, severe, hard rigorous c) _______ able to be continued in its present form tiny d) _______ two-sided, mutual absurd e) _______ very small

It is a .survival course in the mountains. France and Germany have signed a . agreement to help prevent drug smuggling. I would like to eat only a piece of cake because Im on a diet. The myth about a woman's place being in the home is no longer... The manager looked . in those old-fashioned trousers.

26. 27. 28. 29. 30.

severe biased tangible relevant abundant

a) b) c) d) e)

_______ connected, related, pertinent _______ real, able to be shown, touchable _______ prejudiced, having preconceptions _______ plentiful, ample, more than enough _______ serious, acute

We took an .. supply of food with us when we went hiking in the mountains. You need . evidence if you're going to take legal action. The newspapers gave a very.. report of the meeting. People who have . disabilities often get special allowances. All evidence .. to this trial must be given to police.

31. 32. 33. 34. 35.

stunning trustworthy sane accessible bleak

a) b) c) d) e)

_______ reachable, approachable _______ dependable, reliable _______ gloomy, dreary, grim, cheerless, hopeless _______ astonishing, remarkable, amazing, striking _______ sensible, rational, normal, sound

The resort is easily by road, rail and air. Were I in your shoes, I wouldn't tell any secrets to Nancy - she's not very . Unfortunately in the long term, the economic outlook seems to be The news about the score of the match was quite ... That was a sane decision; therefore, we all respected.

36. 37. 38. 39. 40.

reminiscent stubborn versatile accidental thrilling

a) b) c) d) e)

_______ unplanned, unintended _______ exciting, breathtaking _______ obstinate, inflexible _______ ingenious, many-skilled _______ remindful

It says on the back of the book that it's a.. adventure story The latest report suggests that 11 soldiers were killed by .. fire from their own side.

DS-KPDS Vocabulary Study

He's a very . young actor who's as happy in horror films as he is in TV comedies. This song is so ..of our wedding ceremony. . stains can be removed using a small amount of detergent.

41. 42. 43. 44. 45.

accurate negligible prominent submissive bold

a) b) c) d) e)

_______ brave, daring, courageous _______ unimportant, trifling, insignificant _______ obedient, compliant _______ correct, exact, precise _______ outstanding, well-known, famous, eminent

46. 47. 48. 49. 50.

He was looking for a quiet .. wife who would obey his every wish. The newspaper made a move by publishing the names of the men involved. The difference in experience between the two players is .. His novel is an reflection of life in post-war Bosnia. The recent fraud scandal involved and discredited a number of the country's most politicians. unprecedented overwhelming promising obscure adamant a) b) c) d) e) _______ difficult to fight against, overpowering _______ unmatched, unique _______ incomprehensible, vague, ambiguous _______ firm, resolute, unyielding, obstinate _______ hopeful, successful, encouraging, talented

51. 52. 53. 54. 55.

It's a strange restaurant because it doesn't look at all . from the outside. Rivalry in recruiting students, and hence for funds, has reached. proportions. The team won an . victory in yesterday's game. She's absolutely . about not allowing smoking in his house. The local people talk in an. jargon that's almost impossible to understand. subsequent obsolete adequate renowned flourishing a) b) c) d) e) _______ out-dated, old-fashioned _______ growing or developing successfully, thriving _______ famous, prominent, reputable _______ following, later _______ sufficient, enough

It's not by any means a brilliant salary but it's.. for our needs. Thanks to its outstanding natural beauty, Nevehir is a city. There were pictures on the news of the crashed vehicles and traffic problems. Gas lamps became .. in most villages when electric lighting became possible. The Royal Academy aims to demonstrate with its latest show that Britain has a tradition of modern art. vigorous uniform sophisticated bound adverse a) b) c) d) e) _______ the same, similar, regular, unvaried _______ unfavourable, harmful _______ complex, complicated, made with great skill _______ very strong, active, energetic, powerful _______ sure, certain or extremely likely to happen

56. 57. 58. 59. 60.

Small businesses are demanding that they receive . treatment from the banks. These two young musicians are .for international success. Despite his .. election campaign, he is a shy man. The advanced technology which is incorporated into this missile makes it one of the most weapons in the world. A lot of local people are worried about the . impact that the road building scheme may have on the environment.

DS-KPDS Vocabulary Study

61. 62. 63. 64. 65.

ultimate stagnant affectionate brilliant resentful

a) b) c) d) e)

_______ inactive, not moving or developing _______ offended, angry, indignant _______ final, eventual _______ bright, clever, intelligent _______ loving

It was in many ways a . plan. She gave her daughter an . kiss and put her to bed. She was of anybody's attempts to interfere in her work. Her . goal as an athlete is to represent her country. People who live in crowded cities often experience breathing problems during the summer when high temperatures combine with . polluted air. casual reluctant competitive sparse affluent a) b) c) d) e) _______ rich, prosperous _______ small in number, thin, bare, meagre _______ unwilling, disinclined _______ random, haphazard, unarranged _______ rival, competing

66. 67. 68. 69. 70.

71. 72. 73. 74. 75.

She persuaded her husband to take a trip to Marmaris with her. Information coming out of the disaster area is .. Having inherited a fortune, he has a relatively . way of life. It seems difficult for such a small firm to survive in the . world of business. It was just a .comment; I didn't mean it to be taken so seriously. alert viable clandestine tyrannical solitary a) b) c) d) e) _______ feasible, possible, practical _______ being the only one, lonely, companionless _______ despotic, oppressive, dictatorial _______ secret, hidden _______ watchful, vary

76. 77. 78. 79. 80.

Just after dawn he went for a . stroll through the gardens. If you dont keep ., you can miss the plane. In order to make the company ., it will unfortunately be necessary to reduce staffing levels. In the end, she left home just to escape the . rule of her husband. UN diplomats are suspicious that the country's ..weapons programme may be broader than reported. alluring temporary repressive cautious prospective a) b) c) d) e) _______ provisional, interim, transient, passing _______ suppressive, oppressive, cruel _______ possible, future, expected _______ charming, attractive _______ careful, attentive

81. 82. 83. 84. 85.

My father's a driver; he never drives fast. We have received letters of application from several .. candidates. In the country, there was a military regime. Caroline was wearing a most . dress at Susan's birthday party. The factory has a large workforce of permanent and ..staff. alarming prosperous sceptical vain coherent a) b) c) d) e) _______ worthless, useless, empty _______ logical, consistent, connected _______ wealthy, rich, affluent, flourishing _______ doubtful, dubious, cynical _______ dreadful, horrifying

Some people think the economy will improve soon, but many experts remain about this. When she calmed down, she was more ... The community leaders called the attacks '.. and futile'. Recently, there has been an . rise in the rate of inflation.

DS-KPDS Vocabulary Study

86. 87. 88. 89. 90.

It's hard to believe that in this . country, hunger could be a serious problem. clumsy utmost sovereign reciprocal alien a) b) c) d) e) _______ greatest, maximum, highest _______ mutual _______ completely independent, ruling, reigning _______ strange, unfamiliar, foreign _______ awkward, unskilful

91. 92. 93. 94. 95.

Their campaign of violence and subversion was put down with the ferocity. We must respect the rights of .. states to conduct their own affairs. When I first went to Johannesburg, it all felt very .. to me. That's the third glass she has smashed this week; she is very . The two superpowers agreed to a reduction of nuclear weapons. appreciable coincidental nutritious coarse ambiguous a) b) c) d) e) _______ rough, unrefined _______ healthful, beneficial, nutritive _______ vague, unclear _______ accidental _______ noticeable, significant, substantial

Raw spinach is especially ... The sand was so that it was quite painful to walk on. Is it . that the wife of the man who designed the competition won first prize? Her speech was deliberately . to avoid offending either side. There has been an . drop in the number of unemployed since the new government came to power. a) b) c) d) e) _______ not suitable, rude _______ obvious, clear, perceptible _______ general, altogether _______ attractive _______ holy

96. appealing 97. vulgar 98. overall 99. sacred 100. apparent

They have occupied our land, stolen our freedom and violated everything we held ... The situation is good, despite a few minor problems. It's rather to talk about how much money you earn. She's so ., but I'd never dare ask her out. I was on the metro this morning when for no reason the man opposite suddenly screamed.

101. significant 102. oblivious 103. compassionate 104. ridiculous 105. ambitious

a) b) c) d) e)

_______ humane, tender _______ important, considerable _______ unaware, unconscious, ignorant _______ challenging, eager, desirous _______ absurd, funny, nonsensical

She's extremely . and intends to be running her own company by the time she's 30. He looks . in that ragged pink suit. Absorbed in her work, she was totally . of her surroundings. The public's response to the crisis appeal was generous and ... The sales department has made a ... contribution to the company's performance this year.

106. compatible 107. notorious 108. odd 109. slim 110. ample

a) b) c) d) e)

_______ disreputable, having a bad reputation _______ abundant, extensive _______ thin, faint _______ strange, peculiar, eccentric, unusual _______ agreeable, harmonious

DS-KPDS Vocabulary Study

Some singers keep .. as they do regular exercise. The computer program isn't .. with this operating system. It must be ..to live on the 42nd floor. The audience will have . opportunity to ask questions after the talk. That company is . for paying its bills late.

111. competent 112. rampant 113. offensive 114. spontaneous 115. apathetic

a) b) c) d) e)

_______ prevalent, widespread, predominant _______ aggressive, attacking _______ indifferent or unwilling to take action _______ natural, casual, sudden _______ able, effective

Being an experienced accountant, Mr. Gadget is really . at his job. AIDS is in overcrowded cities in Africa. Her witticisms seemed .., but were in fact carefully prepared beforehand. Don't be so .. - how are you going to get a job if you don't even write a letter? Since the other side had taken action, we had no choice but to defend ourselves.

116. obligatory 117. temperate 118. robust 119. sole 120. appalling

a) b) c) d) e)

_______ only _______ moderate, mild, calm and controlled _______ alarming, dismaying, horrifying _______ strong, powerful _______ mandatory, compelling

He looks healthier than he did six months ago - a little heavier and more ... He had .responsibility for locking the shop each night. .. criticism can encourage people to make improvements. Even in the US, prisoners are usually kept in the most .. conditions. It is to go through a password routine before you can get into the computer database.

NOUNS Match the nouns on the left column with their synonyms or definitions on the right column. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. access sacrifice manifestation bribery lottery a) b) c) d) e) _______ choosing something more valuable or crucial _______ indication, demonstration _______ raffle, game of chance _______ entrance, approach, right to use _______ corruption

6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

Several firms are alleged to have used .. to win contracts. Do you really think winning the .. would make you happy? The entrance has been widened to give improved .. for disabled people. The latest riots are a clear . of growing discontent. She brought five children up single-handedly, often at great personal .. accomplishment justice pace link calamity a) b) c) d) e) _______ catastrophe, disaster _______ speed, tempo _______ fairness, equality _______ success, achievement, feat _______ connection, relationship, association

Children learn best by studying at their own ... Police are investigating the scene to determine if there are any ... with last week's bombing. Many people no longer have confidence in the criminal . system. The flood was a .. from which Bangladesh has never fully recovered. It's a remarkable .............. for Liverpool to win Champions League Cup after a breathtaking final against Milan.

DS-KPDS Vocabulary Study

11. 12. 13. 14. 15.

combat onset pretext notion accuracy

a) b) c) d) e)

_______ correctness, precision _______ idea, concept _______ excuse, reason _______ start, beginning _______ battle, conflict

16. 17. 18. 19. 20.

Doctors can slow the .of the disease with drugs. Vietnam lost about one million people in .. She couldn't find a .to visit Dennis at home. There have been questions about the .. of the news. To most of us the ... that people change personal behaviour through decisions alone sounds absurd. knack rule consent modification accumulation a) b) c) d) e) _______ alteration, change, variation _______ regulation, law, instruction _______ talent, ability _______ gathering, amassing _______ permission or agreement

21. 22. 23. 24. 25.

She has a . for making everyone feel comfortable and relaxed. We need to make some .. to our teaching program. .. of sand can be formed by the action of waves on coastal beaches. Students who break the and drink in school will be suspended. Your organs will only be used after your death if you give your . beforehand. intersection mettle caution negotiation acknowledgement a) b) c) d) e) _______ carefulness, vigilance, prudence _______ discussion, formal talk _______ admission, acceptance, recognition _______ courage, bravery, boldness _______ junction

The reduction in their bonus is an .. that they have been paid too much. Evidence given by convicted criminals should always be treated with the utmost .. We waited at the of Fulton Street and Gough Avenue for the lights to change. The government opened . with the IMF for another loan. He was an outstanding fighter pilot who proved his . in a variety of tough assignments, including two wars.

26. 27. 28. 29. 30.

collision delinquency suspicion redundancy addiction

a) b) c) d) e)

_______ doubt _______ dependence _______ misdeed, misconduct _______ crash, bump _______ losing job because of being no longer needed

She was close enough to the dead man to arrange to meet him at an isolated spot without arousing .. .. and drug addiction are more common in areas of high unemployment. With the closure of the export department, two hundred workers now face . For years she was dependent on drugs and drink and it was only in her fifties that she finally managed to overcome these . interpretation mutiny scope deficiency perpetuity a) b) c) d) e) _______ continuity, eternity, infinity, endlessness _______ range of a subject _______ understanding, explanation _______ rebellion, revolt, riot _______ insufficiency, lack

31. 32. 33. 34. 35.

Pregnant women often suffer from iron .. Conditions on the ship were often very bad, and crews were on the point of ...

DS-KPDS Vocabulary Study

The dispute is based on two widely differing . of the law. A clear statement of the goal and of a research project is a useful reference point. The council wants the footpaths on the estate to become legal rights of way, which would give the public the right to use them in ..

36. 37. 38. 39. 40.

moisture delusion recurrence census perseverance

a) b) c) d) e)

_______ repetition, return, reappearance _______ persistence, determination, resoluteness _______ demography, count _______ dampness, humidity, wetness _______ fallacy, deception

41. 42. 43. 44. 45.

She is suffering from the .that he will marry her. All the cooking has caused so much that it's misting up the windows. Full details of the 2001 .. have been published. Being a teacher requires and, above all, patience. The doctor told the patient to go to the hospital if there was a . of his symptoms. adoption debate obstacle urgency realm a) b) c) d) e) _______ domain, area, region, field, sphere _______ argument, discussion _______ necessity, importance, emergency _______ acceptance, approval _______ hindrance, impediment, barrier, blockage

46. 47. 48. 49. 50.

Eventually they overcame all the .. and the team was very successful. Feminism exists outside the .. of political instrumentality, as an idea. There has been widespread public over the introduction of genetically modified food. At this moment, it is a matter of that aid reaches the famine area. Within the Ministry, there had been some pressure for the explicit of replacement cost depreciation conventions. coincidence sweat property victory amendment a) b) c) d) e) _______ triumph, winning _______ perspiration _______ random event _______ change, modification, alteration _______ quality, trait, peculiarity, feature

51. 52. 53. 54. 55.

The author has made a few last-minute .. to the book. One of the of copper is that it conducts heat and electricity very well. The porter wiped the beads of . from his forehead. There is no doubt that the court's decision is a . for common sense. By a strange . the king was assassinated on the very spot where his grandfather had been killed. treaty voyage obligation rank apathy a) b) c) d) e) _______ cruise, journey, travel _______ agreement, pact _______ indifference, unconcern, lack of feeling _______ compulsion, requirement _______ status, level, title, position

56. 57. 58. 59. 60.

The must be ratified by all member governments before it can take effect. The campaign failed because of public . In those days, the .. to Australia was long and dangerous. If you have not signed a contract, you are under no to pay them any money. My nephew joined the army and was eventually promoted to the .. of lieutenant. jeopardy reliability compassion outlay altitude a) b) c) d) e) _______ height, elevation _______ dependability, trustworthiness _______ expenditure, expense _______ hazard, danger _______ sympathy, tenderness, mercy, pity, kindness

DS-KPDS Vocabulary Study

61. 62. 63. 64. 65.

Mountain climbers use oxygen when they reach higher . The lives of thousands of dolphins are in .. as a result of the oil spillage. The . and validity of the data must be checked again. I was shocked by the doctor's lack of .. The best business is one with a small .. and with no risk involved. insult a) _______ strangeness, peculiarity, eccentricity oddity b) _______ ability, talent allegation c) _______ capacity to remember, maintenance retention d) _______ rudeness, affront gift e) _______ claim, assertion

66. 67. 68. 69. 70.

There's a shop in the hospital which sells flowers and fruit and all the usual Most students have a real problem with of information. ..that Prime Minister is receiving money from known criminals have caused a scandal. The steelworkers' leader rejected the 2% pay-rise saying it was an . to the profession. Even today a man who stays at home to look after the children is regarded as something of an .. reward shrinkage tyrant upheaval affiliation a) b) c) d) e) _______ reduction, decrease _______ dictator, despot, oppressor _______ prize, incentive _______ association, connection, relationship _______ turmoil, confusion, disturbance

The company has . with several organizations abroad. Synthetic fabrics are less susceptible to . than natural ones. The police offered a for any information about the robbery. Yesterday's coup brought further .. to a country already struggling with famine. Tamir, one of the sons of the exiled ruler, vowed he would liberate his country from the

71. 72. 73. 74. 75.

verdict device exaggeration relief guilt

a) b) c) d) e)

_______ decision _______ comfort, happiness _______ tool, appliance, instrument, gadget _______ crime, offence _______ overestimation

There are some people so addicted to . that they can't tell the truth without lying. The rescue teams used a special .. for finding people trapped in collapsed buildings. The prosecution's task in a case is to establish a person's ..beyond any reasonable doubt. The ceasefire was greeted with .. by people living in the capital which has been under siege for two years. After deliberating for six hours, the jury reached a majority . of 7 to 2 in favour of the defendant.

76. 77. 78. 79. 80.

sovereignty discrepancy rehearsal charity instinct

a) b) c) d) e)

_______ practice, trial, preparation _______ impulse, natural feeling _______ difference, divergence, inconsistency _______ reign, dominance, monarchy, supreme power _______ assistance, help

The singer didn't have time for a before the performance. My father seems to have an for knowing which teams will win. Talks are being held about who should have .. over the island. There are several .. between the original estimates of the cost and the actual bills. The old man was entitled to receive financial aid from the government, but was too proud to accept what he regarded as .

DS-KPDS Vocabulary Study

81. 82. 83. 84. 85.

allocation esteem drawback unanimity trend

a) b) c) d) e)

_______ tendency, fashion, vogue _______ agreement, unity, accord _______ disadvantage, obstacle, hindrance _______ respect, regard _______ allowance, allotment

86. 87. 88. 89. 90.

One of the major .. to living in any capital city is the traffic. Recently, there has been a drop in public for politicians. Special ticket . were made for members of the company and their guests. Among the middle-classes, there's a.... towards having children in the early or mid-thirties. The new legislation allows the members to make most decisions by majority vote, rather than by . clemency subsistence revenue probe agony a) b) c) d) e) _______ extreme pain, suffering _______ exploration, investigation, inquiry _______ survival, continuation _______ forgiveness, leniency _______ income, earnings

Government .. have fallen dramatically with two million people out of work. Most people lived on communal land, producing food only for their own. The people who had been injured in the bomb explosion lay screaming in . The jury passed a verdict of guilty, with an appeal to the judge for .. In their official into malpractice, federal officials have found evidence of corruption within the company. commitment yield timber reversal asylum a) b) c) d) e) _______ shelter, protection, refuge, place of safety _______ wood _______ revocation, repeal, turnaround, annulment _______ harvest, crop _______ promise, pledge, responsibility, dedication

91. 92. 93. 94. 95.

I couldn't go to the meeting because I had another .. The new manager demanded a of a previous policy. These trees are being grown for . so that they can be used for building. The refugees have been seeking .. in Western countries for nearly a decade. Over the past 50 years crop . have risen steadily in the US by 1-2% a year. a) b) c) d) e) _______ riches, prosperity, affluence _______ tremor, resonance, oscillation _______ disturbance, trouble, interruption, disorder _______ closeness, correspondence, kinship _______ precedence, preference

96. priority 97. disruption 98. vibration 99. wealth 100. affinity

The accident on the main road through town is causing widespread for motorists. Banks normally give . to large businesses when deciding on loans. Following a successful business career, she accumulated a great amount of . Most people really feel an .for dolphins and want to help them. Aircraft manufacturers want to reduce noise and for the sake of both comfort and safety.

101. summit 102. privilege 103. ease 104. volatility 105. assassination

a) b) c) d) e)

_______ murder, killing _______ special right, benefit, concession _______ top, peak, zenith _______ comfort, easiness _______ instability, unpredictability

The . of Franz Ferdinand of Austria in Sarajevo led to the First World War. It took the climbers seven hours to reach the .. of Mount Erciyes. The security codes could be broken with relative ..

DS-KPDS Vocabulary Study

The tycoon had no special .and was treated just like every other prisoner. The of recent opinion polls means that no-one can really predict the results of next month's election. a) b) c) d) e) _______ forefather _______ change, swing, modification, alteration _______ dilemma, a difficult situation _______ anger, annoyance, irritation _______ effectiveness, competence

106. temper 107. efficiency 108. shift 109. predicament 110. ancestor

His wife left him because of his violent ... With the end of the medieval period, a gradual . in viewpoint took place. During the festival of Obon, Japanese show respect to their dead ... The management expects staff to be constantly achieving higher levels of .. and productivity. A delegation of head teachers went to see Education Department ministers today to explain their ... a) b) c) d) e) _______ infringement, breach, contravention _______ comfort, consolation _______ eagerness, keenness, enthusiasm _______ expense, outlay, spending _______ tool, machine, device

111. appliance 112. violation 113. expenditure 114. solace 115. zeal

The factory manufactures a large range of surgical . I'm sorry to say that when his wife left him, he found . in the bottle. The takeover of the embassy constitutes a flagrant . of international law. In his to get his work finished on time, he made a lot of mistakes. It will not be possible to repair the school buildings without considerable on them.

116. rigor 117. trace 118. gratitude 119. surge 120. annulment

a) b) c) d) e)

_______ rise, increase, upsurge _______ accuracy, exactitude, precision, thoroughness _______ appreciation, gratefulness _______ sign, mark _______ cancellation, repeal, nullification, revocation

This passage is remarkable for the .. of its argument and its language. She sent them a present to show her .. The company has found it difficult to cope with the .. in demand for their products. Judges only grant marriage in exceptional circumstances. The Bermuda Triangle is an area of the Pacific Ocean where ships are said to have disappeared without . ADVERBS

Match the adverbs on the left column with their synonyms or definitions on the right column.

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

confidentially initially peaceably discernibly adequately

a) b) c) d) e)

_______ peacefully, tranquilly, quietly _______ at first, at the beginning _______ in secret, in confidence _______ sufficiently _______ visibly, understandably

The crowd sang hymns, cheered the speakers, and then dispersed .. He whispered something .. to his companion. The damage in the earthquake was far more serious than predicted. Having learned the truth, his parents were angry. Someone has to be there to make sure that the children are .. fed and clothed.

DS-KPDS Vocabulary Study

6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

correctly bluntly differentially readily approximately

a) b) c) d) e)

_______ roughly, nearly, about _______ differently _______ quickly and willingly, easily _______ frankly, directly, straightforwardly _______ properly, accurately

11. 12. 13. 14. 15.

The job will take approximately six weeks, and cost .$5000. The doctor . agreed to help the poor old man. Have I pronounced your name .? To put it .., I can't afford to buy this car. The study shows that students are skilled in taking exams, which influenced their results. abruptly considerably exclusively ambiguously mutually a) b) c) d) e) _______ only _______ vaguely, indefinitely _______ significantly, greatly _______ suddenly _______ reciprocally

16. 17. 18. 19. 20.

Mr. Dickson looks . fatter than he was when I used to know him. Some questions in the exam were badly or worded. It will be a beneficial project. This offer is available .. to our established customers. The talks ended . when one of the delegations walked out in protest. gradually deeply awkwardly fortunately exclusively a) b) c) d) e) _______ very _______ luckily _______ slowly but steadily _______ clumsily, gracelessly, inelegantly _______ solely, only, merely

21. 22. 23. 24. 25.

.. we got home before it started to snow heavily. The car was parked . across the pavement. I'm grateful to you for your help. Jill realized that her boyfriend wasn't telling her the truth. This offer is available to our established customers. consistently safely originally meaningfully miserably a) b) c) d) e) _______ regularly, constantly _______ securely, not causing danger _______ importantly, significantly _______ very unhappily, unpleasantly _______ initially, first of all

The occasional mistake doesn't matter, but if you get it .. wrong, you will be in trouble. The house was .. locked up. He didn't participate very in the discussion. it was a bedroom, but we turned it into a study. Upon seeing her sons lifeless body, she began to sob ...

26. 27. 28. 29. 30.

casually daintily eventually deliberately orally

a) b) c) d) e)

_______ neatly, gracefully _______ finally, ultimately, in the end _______ intentionally, on purpose _______ taken by mouth _______ randomly, by chance

Don't worry, she'll do it .., but she might take a long time to get round to it. He had information that he could not have acquired .. She was . serious when she said what had happened. This medicine is to be taken ...

DS-KPDS Vocabulary Study

The boy handed round a plate of tiny sandwiches, . arranged in rings.

31. 32. 33. 34. 35.

absolutely resolutely inevitably correspondingly plainly

a) b) c) d) e)

_______ clearly or obviously _______ equally, in the same way, in a parallel manner _______ firmly, determinedly, steadfastly _______ very, completely _______ unavoidably, inescapably, certainly to happen

This decision will .. result in more crimes and more victims. Every footstep could be . heard. You must be silent or the birds won't appear. She .. refused to learn about computers. The cost of living in London is more expensive but salaries are higher.

36. 37. 38. 39. 40.

absolutely explicitly habitually early shapely

a) b) c) d) e)

_______ usually, customarily _______ completely, extremely _______ having an attractive form, comely _______ clearly, openly, unequivocally _______ at or near the beginning of a period of time

41. 42. 43. 44. 45.

You must be .silent; otherwise the birds won't appear. Janes father told her quite to be home by midnight. There is something wrong with anyone who is so rude. Britney hates having to get up too . in the morning. Car manufacturers have been criticized for using . models to advertise their cars. cruelly memorably presumably properly hastily a) b) c) d) e) _______ worthy of being remembered _______ pitilessly, brutally _______ quickly, hurriedly _______ satisfactorily, correctly _______ most probably, likely, seemingly

46. 47. 48. 49. 50.

They can ..afford to buy a bigger apartment. The washing machine is still not working . The book includes a range of .. amusing and eccentric characters. David ate a prepared sandwich and shot out the door. His girlfriend told him .that she never wanted to see him again. particularly recklessly drastically sagely currently a) b) c) d) e) _______ at present, now _______ carelessly, rashly, doing without fear _______ wisely _______ considerably, intensely, radically _______ especially, individually

51. 52. 53. 54. 55.

The new tax law will affect everyone, but .. those on a low income. She tried to avoid travelling in a car with Mark because he drove so . I'm .pleased to meet you because I've heard so much about you. Our budget has been .reduced. The old man with long beard nodded his head ... hardly respectively conceivably extremely seasonally a) b) c) d) e) _______ possibly, likely _______ barely, scarcely, almost not, only just _______ during a particular period in the year _______ in the order given _______ very, highly, enormously, exceptionally

In the 1500 metre-final race, Elvan and Sarah came first and second ...

DS-KPDS Vocabulary Study

56. 57. 58. 59. 60.

She could stand up because the wind was so strong. If we hurry, we might just. catch the train. Although total unemployment has decreased, the adjusted figure has risen slightly. I'm sorry for not being here to meet you. invariably validly wantonly jealously randomly a) b) c) d) e) _______ without plan, by chance _______ enviously _______ exactly, accurately _______ constantly, always _______ violently, aggressively, badly

The books were . arranged on the shelves. , strong periods in an economy give way to recession. Sarah gazed. at her friend's new car. It seemed to her that he had . destroyed their relationship. These tests must be extensively checked before they can be .applied.

61. 62. 63. 64. 65.

extensively lucidly occasionally ardently notably

a) b) c) d) e)

_______ particularly, most importantly _______ widely, covering a large space _______ clearly, coherently _______ sometimes, not often _______ eagerly, keenly

He goes to Istanbul. She listened .. to his every word. The side effects of the new drug are being .. researched. Our English teacher explains the grammar rules very.. The new law affects the confidentiality enjoyed by many professions - lawyers, doctors and journalists.

66. 67. 68. 69. 70.

customarily amazingly necessarily slightly practically

a) b) c) d) e)

_______ surprisingly, extremely, very _______ delicately, thinly, fine _______ virtually, almost, nearly _______ usually, habitually _______ inevitably, unavoidably, always

The fact that something is cheap doesn't mean it's of low quality. It's impossible to get home in less than an hour when the traffic is heavy. Her sister is small and . built. Mr. Parker had a casual and relaxed manner that is found in the typical Californian. Nicole Kidmans latest film is . popular in Japan.

71. 72. 73. 74. 75.

voluntarily merely immensely wisely perpetually

a) b) c) d) e)

_______ cleverly _______ enormously, extremely _______ willingly, without being forced _______ unendingly, continually, always _______ only, just, simply

Some deputies had very .. left the party before all the trouble started. I wasn't complaining, I . said that I was tired. His business has .. been plagued by financial problems. Some pop-singers are arrogant. If they will not leave the city , the government will use force to get them to return to their villages.

DS-KPDS Vocabulary Study

76. 77. 78. 79. 80.

fallaciously seriously harshly nakedly potentially

a) b) c) d) e)

_______ cruelly, unpleasantly, behaving with torture _______ obviously, apparently _______ in a false manner, incorrectly _______ possibly, perhaps _______ severely

The man wasn't .. injured - he just got a few cuts and bruises. Chain saws are .the most dangerous item of garden equipment. The American soldiers treated Iraqi slaves too ... His vulnerability was .. on display. She claims that the Government has presented the privatization of public services as increasing their efficiency. generously scathingly predominantly bitterly accurately a) b) c) d) e) _______ correctly, exactly, without mistake _______ kindly, giving plentifully _______ severely and unkindly critical, ruthlessly _______ mostly, chiefly, mainly, primarily _______ very, extremely

81. 82. 83. 84. 85.

86. 87. 88. 89. 90.

It can be cold in Moscow in the winter. Public opinion seems to be in favour of holding a referendum. She spoke ..... of the poor standard of work done by her predecessor. The farmer allowed us to camp on his land. The plans should be drawn as . as possible, showing all the measurements. destructively thoroughly urgently relatively densely a) b) c) d) e) _______ intensely, thick, closely _______ comparatively _______ carefully, meticulously, in a detailed way _______ immediately, at once, right away, pressingly _______ unpleasantly, not of good quality

91. 92. 93. 94. 95.

Tokyo is one of the most populated cities in the world In the company of other children he behaves very .. Help is ..needed to complete the building before winter starts. We went through the report but the information we wanted wasn't given anywhere. They had expected bloodshed, but there was . little violence. courteously roughly notoriously vehemently surely a) b) c) d) e) _______ respectfully, politely _______ disreputably, infamously _______ emphatically, with great energy or force _______ certainly _______ approximately, around, nearly

Bayrampaa Prison holds most .. known criminals in Turkey. All the pupils stood up when the teacher went into the classroom. My wife.. chopped the tomatoes and onions and mixed them with the lettuce. She . defended her right to a fair trial. Things are slowly but improving. a) b) c) d) e) _______ wrongly, incorrectly _______ collectively, in a manner agreed by all _______ nearly, almost, practically _______ carefully detailed, having much ornament _______ funnily, humorously

96. inaccurately 97. elaborately 98. facetiously 99. unanimously 100. virtually

Their twins are .identical. It was the most .. decorated cake - all sugar flowers and bows. The clown was speaking very ..

DS-KPDS Vocabulary Study

We . reported that she had been convicted of fraud and we apologise for any distress this may have caused. The UN General Assembly adopted a treaty making hostage-taking an international crime. a) b) c) d) e) _______ quickly, with high speed _______ only, exclusively _______ honestly, openly _______ cleverly designed, skilfully invented _______ badly, violently

101. viciously 102. candidly 103. ingeniously 104. fast 105. solely

George was responsible for causing the accident. The man was beaten. It's almost impossible to get politicians to talk . about their ambitions. The umbrella was .devised to fold up into your pocket. The accident was caused by people driving too in bad conditions.

106. desolately 107. low 108. ultimately 109. ably 110. sparsely

a) b) c) d) e)

_______ sadly, miserably, grievously, sorrowfully _______ thinly, inadequately _______ skilfully, competently _______ close to the ground or bottom _______ eventually, finally, in the end

He .. re-read her letter, unable to believe that she was leaving him. The planes fly. across enemy territory. The area is inhabited because the land is poor. Everything will .. depend on what is said at the meeting with the directors next week. The magician performs his duties very .

111. truly 112. despairingly 113. laboriously 114. mainly 115. subsequently

a) b) c) d) e)

_______ hopelessly _______ really or verily _______ chiefly, mostly _______ afterwards, later, then _______ needing much effort, in a wearisome way

I like him, but I can't say I love him. The old school was bought and. turned into a private dormitory. He spoke .of the increase in the number of people who are unemployed. The group is made up of young people. The teacher wrote out the whole list by hand.

116. shamelessly 117. inadvertently 118. punctually 119. ingenuously 120. substantially

a) b) c) d) e)

_______ in a dishonour manner, unacceptably _______ unintentionally, not deliberately _______ considerably, largely, to a large extent _______ exactingly, strictly, fastidiously _______ frankly, sincerely (sometimes foolishly)

The meeting started at 11 oclock. She's . having an affair with her friend's husband. The industry has changed as a result of the increased use of electronic systems. Despite the evidence, she still.. believes that her husband was never unfaithful to her. I know he was only trying to help, but he was.. adding to our problems by phoning us up all the time.