Mng iu khin vng (can-controller area network)

I. TNG QUAN V CAN 1. Gii thiu Cng ngh CAN c tiu chun ha t 1994 v c m t bi ba ti liu ISO. ISO 11898-1 m t nghi thc CAN. i vi m hnh tham kho cho truyn d liu, Nghi thc CAN bao trm lp lin kt d liu (MAC Medium access control - s iu khin truy cp bt buc-, LLC- iu khin lin kt Lgc) v lp vt l (PLS- s bo hiu Vt l). Nghi thc CAN c thc hin trong phn cng. Hai ti liu ISO: ISO 11898-2 v ISO 11898-3 bao gm phn cn li ca lp vt l m hnh tham kho cho s truyn d liu (PMA- Physical medium attachment, phiu nh km mi trng Vt l, MDI - Medium dependent interface giao din ph thuc mi trng). Chng m t hai lp vt l CAN khc nhau: CAN tc cao v CAN tc thp. Lp vt l CAN tc cao (ISO 11898-2) c thc hin bi mt thit b thu pht tc cao v tc trn 1MBaud, v lp vt l CAN tc thp (ISO 11898-3) bi mt thit b thu pht tc thp khong 125KBaud. CAN Tc cao dng cho nhng thit b truyn ng v khung gm. CAN tc thp dnh cho nhng cm nh thn xe.

Hnh 1. Cu trc tng qut 2. Cu trc vt l C hai lp vt l khc nhau: Tc cao v tc thp. Tc cao ch yu c s dng trong h thng ng lc ca xe t. Tc thp c s dng trong iu khin thn xe. Tc cao C th Lp vt l c bn lun sau y Lp tc cao bi ti liu ISO 11898-2. ISO 11898-2 ch yu nh ngha s truyn tn hiu tc truyn d liu cc i 1 Mbit/giy vi mt chiu di ti a 40 mt v nhiu nht 30 nt truyn. V tc truyn d liu cao, ISO 11898-2 cn mt thit b u cui (in tr) cho mi dy dn. Khng c g kh khn trong vic m rng mng bng vic gim bt tc truyn.

Hnh 2. S l p vt l S khc bit in p theo nh ngha trong ISO 11898 c thc hin vi tr gip ca cc thit b thu pht CAN. Hnh trn cho thy nhng mc vt l (ln v tri) khi mt CAN tc cao c s dng. Mc truyn ln ( Lgic "1") c c trng bi mt in p 0 Volt. C hai ng dy thng tin ni mt mc in p ca 2.5 Volt. Trong trng hp ng truyn mc tri (Lgic "0"), dy c in p cao CANHigh - khong 3.5 Vn, v dy c in p thp CANLow- khong 1.5 Vn. Chnh lch in p gia chng l 2 Vn.

H nh 3. c tuyn lm vic ca CAN Ghi ch: Lp vt l CAN tc thp, c m t ti liu ISO 11898-3 tc d liu nhng h tr ca ti 125 Ki-l-bt/ giy.

3. Nguyn l truyn thng tin ca CAN Trong mt mng CAN, mi nt u nhn tn hiu ngay lp tc sau khi chng c pht ra, theo trt t gi d liu thng bo. Nguyn l ny cho php kh nng p phn ng rt nhanh ti nhng d kin khng ng b, v n nhn bit mc quan trng ca gi d liu ang truyn trong thi gian vi mili-giy, y l nhng yu cu mu cht i vi cc d liu thuc b phn truyn lc v hp s t ng. V a ch ca gi d liu ang truyn u c tt c cc nt trn mng nhn bit. Bng phng php lc, tng nt chn nhng thng bo c lin quan n n. C th c ti a 2048 gi thng bo trong mng, nh a ch c dnh 11 bt trn gi d liu nh minh ha di y.

Hnh 4. Nguyn l truyn thng tin trn mng CAN V cu trc a hng, truyn thng tin trn mng CAN khng th on trc n theo c ch ngu nhin. Nhng s giao thoa ca cc gi d liu thng bo c th gy ra cc ri ro. Nguy c ri ro ny s tng khi tng gi d liu truyn. bo m s truyn d liu khng b ph hy v cung

cp th t x l l p dng tin ch CSMA/CA (Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Avoidance- x l nhiu gi d liu trnh xung t) Phng php CSMA/CA c vi hn ch nh: ng truyn ch hot ng khi mng sn sng hot ng. ng truyn khng cho php khi mt khung CAN ang c truyn. Nhng nt CAN mun pht tn hiu i phi i cho n ng truyn tr li trng thi sn sng. Trong trng hp c s truy nhp ng thi, s truy nhp s quyt nh truyn nh vo quyn u tin c gn trong gi d liu. Trong v d, nt 1 c truyn u tin, ri Nt 2 pht i.

Hnh 5. Phng php truyn d liu CSMA/CA 4. Phn loi d liu trn mng Trong trng hp nhiu nt cn gi i, b phn x s khng cho php truyn cng lc m thay vo , trong ni dung ca mi gi d liu u c gn a ch ch n theo mc tn hiu t cao nht n thp nht. mt cng logic lp trong mng CAN c chc nng nhn bit tn hiu ny v m bo chc chn s khc bit ny m x l. Sau khi thit lp c a ch ID, mi nt mng so snh a ch bit, b phn x s quyt nh gi d liu s c x l hay tip tc c gi i.

 ch cui ca pha phn x, nt c gi tr ID thp nht nhn quyn truyn. nt c u tin thp hn trc ht chuyn sang trng thi nhn, sau n mi gi ln mng ln na nu nh khng ng a ch ca n.

Hnh 6. Phn loi d liu trn mng 5. u tin S kt hp ca ng truyn v lgic phn x khng ch ngn nga nhng va chm m cn cung cp vic iu khin theo u tin theo tn hiu bo u tin trn gi d liu. tn hiu c u tin cao hn s c x l trc. Nu c qu nhiu tn hiu u tin mng s x l theo c ch ngu nhin, m bo tt c d liu u c x l, khng b qua tn hiu no. Nu khng qu nhiu tn hiu c gi, vic x l s theo u tin.

Hnh 7. iu khin u tin theo tn hiu bo u tin trn gi d liu V d: C ba nt gi d liu ln mng cng thi im. theo th t u tin nt 1 thng v c u tin cao hn, nn tn hiu c gi i, tip n xt cc nt khc. Nt 2 u tin cao hn nn nt 2 c gi trc v cui cng l nt 3

Hnh 8. Th t u tin gi tn hiu 6. Gi d liu Trn mng, d liu c truyn theo gi. Mt gi d liu ti a 8 bytes. c d liu hu ch c chp nhn bi thit b thu thch hp, mt lot nhng mu thng tin cn thit ph c. u tin, s truyn SOF (Start of Frame Bt u ca gi d liu) to ra tnh ng b gia nhng ni gi v ni nhn. nh r mi quan h gia ni gi v ni nhn. a. Dng thc ca gi d liu CAN Trong h thng CAN. D liu c truyn v nhn thng qua cu trc khung. Khung d liu cha thng tin t mt nt truyn n mt hay nhiu nt nhn. Phng thc CAN tiu chun (version 2.0A), hin nay vn c duy tr cung cp gi d liu gm 11 bit. Phng thc CAN m rng (version 2.0B), gm gi 11 bit v gi 29 bit

Hu ht version 2.0A ch dnh cho truyn v nhn gi d liu chun, mc d mt vi version 2.0B dnh cho gi m rng, d cho loi version 2.0B c th m trch c hai loi gi d liu. b. Dng thc ca version 2.0A Cu trc khung ca loi ny gm 7 vng khc nhau: Vng Start of Frame (SOF): tn hiu bt u ca gi d liu. Vng phn x (Arbitration): gm ni dung gi d liu cn thng bo v bit iu khin truyn Remote Transmission Request (RTR). Bit RTR c dng phn bit loi d liu ca gi c gi.

Hnh 9. Cu trc khung tin nhn 2.0A Vng iu khin (Control Field) gm 6 bit: hai bit pha trc (r0 and r1) bn bit tip theo cho bit chiu di d liu Data Length Code (DLC). DLC nh du s byte trong c gi d liu. Vng d liu: gm t 0 n 8 byte Vng CRC: gm 15 bit dnh cho m li

Vng ACKnowledge gm 2 bit. Bit u tin l bit Slot- l bit lu tn hiu u tin. Bit th hai l bit gii hn.

Vng chm dt khung End of Frame field: gm 7 bit Theo sau EOF l vng tm ngng (INTermission) gm 3 bit. Sau 3 bit ny phn trng. c. Dng thc ca version 2.0B Format Khung version 2.0B gm 29 bit , version ny pht trin tng hp vi cc phng thc giao tip c s dng trn t M. lm c iu ny, v vn tng thch vi version 2.0A, n ch thm phn m rng. im khc bit l: Version 2.0B vng phn x - Arbitration- gm 2 vng nhn dng. Vng th nht gm 11 bit kt ni tng thch vi version 2.0A, vng th hai gm 18 bit m rng, nng tng chiu di ln 29 bit. Phn bit gia hai phn ny ngi ta dng mt nhn dng m rng Identifier Extension (IDE) Mt bit SRR(Substitute Remote Request) cng nm trong vng phn x - Arbitration. Bit SRR lun c truyn nh mt bit ln chc chn rng trong trng hp phn x gia dng 2.0a v 2.0B, dng 2.0A lun c u tin hn trong trng hp c hai gi d liuc truyn Tt c cc vng khc trn dng 2.0B th ging vi dng 2.0A d. So snh gia 2.0A and 2.0B Compatibility Dng 2.0B th hon ton ngc li vi dng 2.0A v c th truyn v nhn d liu di cc dng. tuy nhin c 2 im cn lu : Th nht l dng 2.0A ch truyn v nhn d liu thuc dng 2.0A, cc d liu dng 2.0B s b li.

 Th hai vi dng 2.0B c th truyn v nhn d liu thuc c hai dng. tuy nhin n cng phn bit c d liu ang truyn thuc dng no. 7. Robustness tin cy CAN c th hot ng trong mi trng khc khe nht v c th c kim tra li m bo rng cc li trong qu trnh truyn u c x l Theo tiu chun ISO11898 cc chip ng truyn c thit k sao cho tn hiu c th truyn lin tc nhng c phn gim st khi: Cc dy b trc, v Cc dy b lo ha Cc dy b thiu mass. 8. linh hot ca mng Theo khuynh hng t nhin ca CAN, cc thng bo c phn phi vi mc linh hot cao trong cu hnh h thng. Cc nt mi ch dng nhn, tc ch cn d liu u ra, c th c u thm vo mng m khng cn bt c s thay i no v phn cng hay phn mm c. 9. Li ch B x l khng ph hy cung cp ng truyn trn c s thit yu, v cc li ch mang li ny khng th c t cc phng thc khc. Vi vic tng dung lng ca ng truyn cng nh tc truyn, CAN s khng bao gi b sp hoc b nghn. Qu trnh d liu tin hnh theo u tin ca thng tin, thi gian ch ngn v sc ti ca ng truyn ln. II. TRUYN D LIU GIA CC H THNG IN T TRN T

Ngy nay, t c trang b nhiu h thng iu khin bng in t. p ng nhu cu trao i d liu v thng tin t hiu sut hot ng cao, th cht lng d liu v tc trao i phi lun lun tng. Th d, m bo h thng n nh li in t lm vic hiu qu, th b iu khin ca h thng ny phi trao i d liu vi h thng in t iu khin ng c v h thng in t iu khin hp s. 1. Tng quan v h thng Nhng h thng trao i thng tin ng dng trn t nh: H thng iu khin ng c (Electronic enginemanagement - EDC, Motronic)

H thng iu khin hp transmission-shift control GS)

(Electronic

H thng phanh chng hm cng (Antilock bracking system ABS) H thng iu khin lc ko (Traction control system TCS) H thng n nh bng lp trnh (Electronic Stability Program ESP) H thng iu khin ga t ng (Adaptive cruise control ACC)

Cm ng h hin th. Cc h thng ny c kt ni vi nhau bng h thng mng cc b. Trn thc t mng cc b l mt h thng truyn d liu gia cc my tnh vi mt khong cch tng i hp, iu cho php c nhng la chn a dng v thit b . Tuy nhin nhng la chn a dng ny li b hn ch bi cc c tnh k thut ca mng cc b, l tp hp cc quy tc chun c quy c m tt c cc thc th tham gia truyn thng trn mng phi tun theo m bo cho

mng hot ng tt. Cc c tnh chnh ca mng cc b m chng ta ni ti sau y l: - Cu trc ca mng (hay topology ca mng m qua th hin cch ni cc mng my tnh vi nhau ra sao). - Cc nghi thc truyn d liu trn mng (cc th tc hng dn trm lm vic lm th no v lc no c th thm nhp vo ng dy cp gi cc gi thng tin). - Cc loi ng truyn v cc chun ca chng. - Cc phng thc tn hiu 2. Phng thc kt ni mng Hnh trng ca mng cc b th hin qua cu trc hay hnh dng hnh hc cu cc ng dy cp mng dng lin kt cc my tnh thuc mng vi nhau. Cc mng cc b thng hot ng da trn cu trc nh sn lin kt cc my tnh v cc thit b c lin quan. C hai phng thc ni mng ch yu c s dng trong vic lin kt cc my tnh vi nhau l "mt im - mt im" v "mt im - nhiu im". a. Phng thc ni mng "mt im - mt im": Phng thc ni mng ny cc ng truyn ring bit c thit lp ni cc cp my tnh li vi nhau. Mi my tnh c th truyn v nhn trc tip d liu hoc c th lm trung gian nh lu tr nhng d liu m n nhn c ri sau chuyn tip d liu i cho mt my khc d liu i ti ch.

Hnh 10. Phng thc lin kt mng mt im mt im

b. Phng thc kt ni mng "mt im - nhiu im ": Phng thc kt ni mng "mt im - nhiu im " l tt c cc trm c chung mt ng truyn. D liu c gi i t mt my tnh s c th c tip nhn bi tt c cc my tnh cn li, v vy cn ch ra i ch ch ca d liu cc my tnh cn c vo kim tra xem d liu c phi dnh cho mnh hay khng, nu ng th nhn cn nu khng th b qua.

Hnh 11. Phng thc lin kt mng mt im nhiu im Ty theo cu trc ca mi mng chng s thuc vo mt trong hai phng thc ni mng v mi phng thc ni mng s c nhng yu cu khc nhau v phn cng v phn mm. 3. Nhng cu trc chnh ca mng cc b a. Dng ng thng (Bus) Trong dng ng thng cc my tnh u c ni vo mt ng dy truyn chnh (bus). ng truyn chnh ny c gii hn hai u bi mt loi u ni c bit gi l terminator (dng nhn bit l u cui kt thc ng truyn ti y). Mi trm c ni vo bus qua mt u ni ch T (T-connector) hoc mt b thu pht (transceiver). Khi mt trm truyn d liu, tn hiu c truyn trn c hai chiu ca ng truyn theo tng gi mt, mi gi u phi mang a ch trm ch. Cc trm khi thy d liu i qua nhn ly, kim tra, nu ng vi a ch ca mnh th n nhn ly cn nu khng phi th b qua.

Hnh 12. Cu trc dng ng thng (bus) * u im: - t tn dy cp. - Tc truyn d liu cao. * Nhc im: - Nu lu lng truyn tng cao th d gy ch tc. - Kh pht hin ra li khi c trc trc trn hnh lang chnh. b. Dng vng trn (Ring) Cc my tnh c lin kt vi nhau thnh mt vng trn theo phng thc "mt im - mt im ", qua mi mt trm c th nhn v truyn d liu theo vng mt chiu v d liu c truyn theo tng gi mt. Mi gi d liu u c mang a ch trm ch, mi trm khi nhn c mt gi d liu n kim tra nu ng vi a ch ca mnh th n nhn ly cn nu khng phi th n s pht li cho trm k tip, c nh vy gi d liu i c n ch.

Hnh 13. Cu trc dng vng trn (Ring) * u im: - Khng tn nhiu dy cp. - Tc truyn d liu cao. - Khng gy ch tc ng truyn. * Nhc im: - Cc giao thc truyn d liu phc tp. - Nu c trc trc trn mt trm th nh hng n ton mng. c. Dng hnh sao (Star) dng hnh sao, tt c cc trm c ni vo mt thit b trung tm c nhim v nhn tn hiu t cc trm v chuyn tn hiu n trm ch vi phng thc kt ni l phng thc "mt im - mt im". Thit b trung tm hot ng ging nh mt tng i cho php thc hin vic nhn v truyn d liu t trm ny ti cc trm khc. Ty theo yu cu truyn thng tin trong mng, thit b trung tm c th l mt b chuyn mch (switch), mt b chn ng (router) hoc n gin l mt b phn knh (Hub), c nhiu cng ra v mi cng ni vi mt my.

Hnh 14. Cu trc dng hnh sao (Star) * u im: - Khng ng hay ch tc trn ng truyn. - Lp t n gin, d dng cu hnh li (thm, bt trm).

- Nu c trc trc trn mt trm th cng khng gy nh hng n ton mng qua d dng kim sot v khc phc s c. * Nhc im: - di ng truyn ni mt trm vi thit b trung tm b hn ch. - Tn ng dy cp nhiu. - Tc truyn d liu khng cao. 4. Phng php truyn d liu p dng trn t a. Phng php truyn d liu thng thng D liu c truyn t im n im thng qua nhng ng truyn d liu ring l rt b hn ch, h thng dy dn rt phc tp, nhiu gic cm, gy kh khn cho ngi s dng. S hn ch s chn ca ECU ni n cc im ny. c tnh tng chiu di dy dn khong 1 mile, vi khong 300 gic cm v khong 2000 chn ghim.

Hnh 15. Truyn d liu thng thng (Conventional data tranfer) b. Truyn d liu qua mng gii quyt nhng kh khn ca h thng truyn dn tn hiu trn xe, ngi ta p dng h thng mng iu khin (Controller area network CAN). CAN l mt h thng truyn d liu dng thng, c thit k c bit ng dng trn t. D liu c truyn trong mt chui t b phn ny n b phn kia trn mt ng truyn chung. Tt c cc trm ca CAN c cng vo ng truyn chung ny v thng qua giao din ca CAN trong ECU chng c th nhn v gi d liu thng qua ng truyn CAN. T mt s lng cc d liu c th c trao i v quay v cc cng bng mt ng truyn n.

Hnh 16. Cu trc ca truyn d liu dng thng (Linear bus topology) 5. Mt s mng iu khin trn t a. Mng iu khin trn xe khch Volvo

Trong cng nghip t ng ha, c s tin b ng ch trong nhiu nm qua, l nhng h iu khin c pht trin t h thng iu khin c lp sang tch hp v h thng mng iu khin. Khi u bng vic gim bt dy ni v c bit l thm cc chc nng chia s cm bin v chn on, n nay c nhiu h thng mi nh s pht trin ca nhiu h thng con. Hnh 17 cho thy cu trc mng iu khin ca xe khch Volvo XC90. khi ECU v h thng dy dy c trong mng. v tr thc t ca ECU trn xe c xc nh bi v tr ca n trn s . C ba cm ECU: cm truyn ng v st xi, cm gii tr v cm in t thn xe. C nhiu ch vit tt c xc nh trn s . Nhiu dy mng c dng ni cc cm ECU vi cc h thng con. C hai ng truyn CAN. Cm bn tri trong s l CAN dnh cho cm truyn lc v st xi. N ni vi ng c, h thng phanh v c tc truyn cao 500 kbps, CAN cn li ni vi phn in t thn xe nh iu khin ca, iu ho nhit v tc khong 125 kbps. Cm trung tm l mt ECU m thc ra n hot ng nh l cng kt ni gia hai CAN ny. Mt cm truyn tn hiu a phng tin c ni ti cc h thng gii tr nh: loa, ngten cui dng mng cc b c dng ni cc nt vi mt h thng con v c k hiu bng nt t trn s . Cu hnh ti a trn xe gm 40 ECUs

Hnh 17. S cu trc CAN ca xe khch Volvo XC90 TCM - Transmission control module CEM - Central electronic module ECM - Engine control module SWM - Steering wheel module BCM - Brake control module DDM - Driver door module BSC - Body sensor cluster REM - Rear electronic module SAS - Steering angle sensor SWM - Steering wheel module SUM - Suspension module DDM - Driver door module AUD - Audio module

PDM - Passenger door module REM - Rear electronic module CCM - Climate control module MP1,2 - Media players 1 and 2 ICM - Infotainment control PHM - Phone module UEM - Upper electronic module MMM - Multimedia module DIM - Driver information module SUB - Subwoofer AEM - Auxiliary electronic ATM - Antenna tuner module b. Mng iu khin trn xe ti SCANIA C nhiu s ging nhau gia cu trc b iu khin trong xe khch v xe ti. V chng cng c nhng im khc nhau quan trng, nhng s khc nhau l d liu ca xe ti c cu trc rng hn v thay i nhiu hn. Nhng ch s ny c yu cu linh hot khi c kt ni, thm vo hoc thay th thit b v toa moc.

Hnh 18. S cu trc CAN ca xe ti Scania AUS - Audio system LAS - Locking and alarm system CSS - Crash safety system AWD - All wheel drive system ACC - Automatic climate control ICL - Instrument cluster system WTA - Auxiliary heater water-to-air TCO - Tachograph system ATA - Auxiliary heater air-to-air VIS - Visibility system CTS - Clock and timer system APS - Air processing system RTG - Road transport info gateway BWS - Body work system RTI - Road transport info system BCS - Body chassis system GMS - Gearbox management system COO - Coordinator system ACS - Articulation control system EMS - Engine management system EEC - Exhaust emission control BMS - Brake management system SMS - Suspension management system SMD - Suspension management dolly Cu trc ca b iu khin xe ti Scania c gii thiu hnh 18. N bao gm ba CAN dng thng mu xanh l,

mu vng v mu c quan h vi nhau v c kt ni vi hn 20 ECU ca xe v ECU ca h thng phi hp (COO) l cng kt ni ba ng CAN li vi nhau. CAN bn tri c t ECU, ch yu l nhng h thng iu khin m thanh v iu ha nhit . CAN gia kt ni nhng h thng khng trc tip iu khin ng c v h thng phanh. Bn phi l CAN rt quan trng, n kt ni vi tt c cc ECU ca h thng truyn lc, ECU iu khin ng c, ECU iu khin phanh, ECU iu khin gim xc, ECU ca h thng phi hp (COO) l cng kt ni ba ng CAN li vi nhau. ng chn on c kt ni vi CAN bn tri, n dng thu nhn thng tin v tnh trng lm vic ca cc ECU. ng chn on c th s dng pht hin v sa cha li ca CAN. III. CHN ON CAN T i 2003, cc loi xe c trang b mt phng thc giao tip mi c gi l CAN- tm dch l mng iu khin. CAN l thnh phn ch yu kt ni gia my tnh vi cc cu phn khc nh ng truyn d liu - data bus - thng qua h thng dy dn trn xe. N l mt ng truyn tc cao c thit k cho cm iu khin ng c, hp s v h thng n nh t. CAN c ch to vo nm 1984 bi tp on Bosch, sn phm c ng dng ln u tin vo nm 1992 trn nhiu xe Mercedes-Benz, nhng ngy nay CAN c dng trn nhiu xe mi. Trc 2008, tt c cc loi xe c bn th trng M u c lp CAN.

Nh nhiu loi xe hin nay, thng tin trong thit b CAN trn t c chia s qua cc ng truyn. cc ng truyn l mch dn mang cc ht in t va p vo nhau gia cc nt. ng truyn c th c mt hoc hai dy. Nu c hai dy th cc dy thng c xon li vi nhau trnh nhiu in t. tc truyn thng tin s bin i ph thuc vo s lp ca dy cng nh cch sp xp ca n. Mt ng truyn d liu c mc A l mc thp di 10 Kbps. Mt ng truyn d liu hot ng mc A ch gii hn mt s chc nng nh iu khin knh, gh, ca s, kha ca v cc n. ng truyn mc B t 10 125 Kbps, ph thuc vo phng thc hot ng (theo tiu chun SAE J1850 or Europe's ISO 9141-2). mc ny tc nhanh truyn cc thng tin phc hp v rt nhy v thi gian. Cc h thng c th dng ng truyn mc B gm cc thit

b in t, hp s t ng, h thng cnh bo an ninh v iu khin iu ha nhit . mc C mc nhanh nht hin nay c th hot ng tc khong 1Mbps, tc nhanh gp hn 100 ln mc B. Nhiu xe hin ang dng mc ng truyn mc C vi tc khong 500Kbps, tc nhanh iu khin phn ng c, phn phanh v phn iu khin n nh trn xe. Trong tng lai c kh nng c ng truyn vi mc D vi tc trn1Mbps, v mt s ng dng khc c p dng nh h thng a phng tin dnh cho gii tr trn xe. Nm 1995, GM gii thiu ng truyn d liu mc 2 kt ni giao tip gia cc cm. h thng lm vic vi tc 10.400bps. Nm 2004, GM chuyn sang th h ng truyn mi c gi l GMLAN (mng cc b GM), mng ny tng dung lng hot ng hai mc tc tch bit l 3.33Kbps v 500Kbps. i vi cp tc thp trong h thng GM LAN dng dy n kt ni cc b phn, trong khi cp tc cao s dng loi dy i ni gia ng c, hp s v h thng phanh. Mt nt kt ni ng truyn tc cao v ng truyn tc thp, cho php chia s thng tin qua li. Hng Mercedes cng s dng nhiu cp tc truyn khc nhau trn cc xe. Ty thuc vo cng dng m la chn, cp tc 500Kbps dng cho ng c, hp s v h thng phanh, cp tc 83Kbps dnh cho cc chc nng khc trn xe. Trn mt vi xe c hn 30 cm cn kt ni. Sau 2002, mt cng kt ni dng ng truyn tc mc D.

D liu c gi v nhn nh th no? Mi nt b tc ng trn mng li ng truyn u c th gi v nhn cc tn hiu, mi nt c mt a ch ring c lu gi trn mng. iu ny cho php nt nhn cc tn hiu vo v d liu cn thit thc hin ng thi n s l qua cc tn hiu ca cc nt khc c truyn trn mng. Khi mt nt truyn thng tin trn mng, thng tin c m ha v vy cc nt khc c th nhn bit ch n ca thng tin .

D liu c gi dng tn hiu s tc di dng 0 v 1. Nu bn quan st trong mt khu vc c tn hiu bn s thy sng vung thay i qua li gia mc in p thp v cao ang c. in p thp tng ng gi tr 0 v in p cao tng ng mc 1. in p thc ang c s bin i ty thuc vo tnh trng lm vic ca xe, nhng lun nm trong khong 5 n 7V CAN tiu chun cn mt cu trc c bn i vi d liu. iu ny c ngha l mi thng bo phi r rng khi gi hoc nhn bi cc nt ca mng, Lun c 1 bit ban u (c gi l bit khi u) v theo sau l m nhn din (m 11 bit, cho bit loi d liu cn truyn), tip n l m u tin (m ny cho bit tm quan trng ca d liu), k n l gi d liu t 0 n 8 byte (1 byte 8 bit) tip na l vi bit c chc nng kim chng thng tin v cui cng cu thng bo kt thc gi d liu truyn. Mt trong nhng nhim v ca bt k h thng mng no na l gi tt c cc thng bo ring bit v th chng khng c xung t ln nhau. Thng thng cm iu khin thn xe hoc cm gii tr c gn nhim v qun l mng truyn. khi n gp mt thng bo gi n, n s xem bit khi u, nu bt ny c gi tr 0, tc thng bo c xp loi u tin hn cc thng bo khc. iu ny c gi l thng bo u tin. Cn nu nh bit u c gi tr l 1, tc mc u tin thp hn. Thng bo u tin cao nht thng ch r a ch ch n trong khi thng bo mc u tin thp hn th khng c v phi ch n lc thun li mi c truyn.

H thng mng CAN c trang b mt s chc nng tm li. Chng bao gm tn hiu kim tra khung d liu data frame, v trong b theo di (monitoring) trong , mi b truyn s nhn li tn hiu m n chuyn, v do c th pht hin ra bt c sai lch no (deviation). Nu c mt trm pht hin ra li, n s gi mt c bo li error flag v ngn li vic truyn thng tin. iu ny ngn cn cc trm khc nhn thng tin b li ny. Trong trng hp mt trm c pht hin b li, c th xy ra trng hp l tt c thng tin, bao gm c thng tin b li, s b loi b khi ch c mt error flag. ngn iu ny xy ra, h thng mng CAN c thm mt chc nng c th phn bit gia li gin on v li thng trc

(intermittent and permanent errors), v nh , c th xc nh v tr ca trm b li. Qu trnh ny da vo gi tr thng k tnh trng li.

H thng in iu khin xe Toyota Land Cruiser 2005 (trang 1/6)

H thng in iu khin xe Toyota Land Cruiser 2005 (trang 2/6)

H thng in iu khin xe Toyota Land Cruiser 2005 (trang 3/6)

H thng in iu khin xe Toyota Land Cruiser 2005 (trang 4/6)

H thng in iu khin xe Toyota Land Cruiser 2005 (trang 5/6)

H thng in iu khin xe Toyota Land Cruiser 2005 (trang 6/6)