C10110464
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CONTENTS
Diagrams of Rafter and Framing Squares . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
Types of Rafters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Using the Rafter Square . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Common Rafters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Common Rafter Layout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Hip and Valley Rafters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Hip Rafter Layout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Valley Rafter Layout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Jack Rafters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
Jack Rafter Layout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Dormer Rafters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
Degree Scale . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
Rafter Length Tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
MARK ALONG
THIS EDGE
INCH SCALE
6
DE
RAFTER SEAT
NOTCH CUT
SCRIBING
SLOTS
( SPACED )
P10 VA L
12 TO P
6
25
7
15 C UTS
8
30
18
10
35
24
1
2
30
40
1
5
45
13
50
55
24
60
30
65
70
75
80
SEAT CUTS
COMMON RAFTER
SCALE ( TOP CUTS )
CO
MM
O
NT
10
15
20
PC
PROTRACTOR/
DEGREE SCALE
HI
INCH SCALE
TS
FOOT
TYPES OF RAFTERS
Common Rafter: A rafter that runs perpendicular (90) from the top of the wall
plate to the roof ridge; its length forms the hypotenuse or diagonal of a right (90)
triangle, with the rise and run forming the right angle
Valley Rafter: A rafter that runs from the top of the wall plate to the roof ridge
at the intersection of the gable extension with the main roof
Valley Jack Rafter: A rafter that runs from a valley rafter to the roof ridge,
perpendicular to the ridge
Hip Rafter: A rafter that runs diagonally from the top of the wall plate to the roof
ridge, forming the outside corner of the roof
Hip Jack Rafter: A rafter that runs from the top of the wall plate to the hip rafter,
perpendicular to the wall plate
Cripple Jack Rafter: A rafter that runs from a hip rafter to a valley rafter,
perpendicular to the roof ridge
Dormer Rafter: A rafter that sits on top of the main roof without cutting into the
main roof. (For example, this rafter would be used when remodeling or adding on
to an existing structure.)
Figures 1 and 2 on the next page show each type of rafter.
A (Dormer
Rafter
Section)
DORMER
VALLEY JACK
VALLEY RAFTER
RIDGE
All cuts on this roof can be made by using the appropriate inch rise number on the rafter square.
RIDGE
HIP RAFTER
B (Dormer
Rafter
Section)
5
RIDGE
DORMER
VALLEY
VALLEY
JACKS
COMMON
HIP
JACKS
CRIPPLE
JACK
HIP
PLATE
R AF
TE
RA
RISE C
RISE A
RUN C
RUN A
RUN A
R AF
ER A
R AFT
R AF
TER
TER
RUN B
R AF
TER
RISE
RUN A
RUN B
FOR EVEN PITCHED
ROOFS RUN A = RUN B
RAFTE
RISE
RUN
1. Obtain Rafter Run: Measure or calculate the horizontal distance the rafter
will span, starting at the outside of the wall on which it rests and including any
boarding on the wall if it extends to the wall top plate.
2. Obtain Roof Rise: Measure, calculate, or obtain from the blueprints the
distance in feet the ridge will be from the top of the wall.
Use the following table to convert inches to feet:
Convert Inches to Feet
1" = .08'
2" = .16'
3" = .25'
4" = .33'
5" = .42'
6" = .50'
7" = .58'
8" = .67'
9" = .75'
10" = .83'
11" = .92'
3. Calculate Inch Rise: Using the table above, convert rise to feet in decimal
form and calculate using the Inch Rise Formula.
EXAMPLE: Run = 15'; Rise = 8'8" or 8.67'
8.67 (ft) x 12
15 (ft)
You may round off Inch Rise to the nearest inch, which can make the actual roof
rise slightly higher or lower but will not matter in most cases. If the Inch Rise is
provided on a blueprint, the previous calculation is not needed.
With the Inch Rise calculated, we are now ready to layout each type of rafter.
PLUMB CUT
A
WITHOUT RIDGE
R AF
TER
LEN
GTH
RISE
TAIL
OR
EAVE
RUN
SEAT NOTCH
SET ON TOP
PLATE
TAIL RUN
PLUMB CUT
B WITH RIDGE
R AF
TER
LEN
GTH
RISE
TAIL
OR
EAVE
90
RUN
TAIL RUN
RISE x 12
RUN
RAFTER LENGTH =
RUN2 + RISE2
(FIND IN TABLES)
COMMON RAFTERS
Common Rafter Length: Once Inch Rise and Run are calculated, use the tables
in the back of this book to find common rafter length. NOTE: For a run greater than
that given in the tables, add any two runs that will equal the desired run, then find
the respective lengths for those two rafters and add them together.
EXAMPLE: Using the 7 Inch Rise table (and our 15' run), the common rafter length
is 17' 438". This is the rafter length from the top cut to the seat plumb mark.
Tail or Eave Length: The tail or eave overhang must be added to the rafter length.
(See figure 5 for various eave constructions.)
EXAMPLE: With a tail run of 1' 8", use the same 7 Inch Rise table, under Common
Rafter Length:
1' Run = 1' 178"
8" Run = 914"
1' 8" Tail = 1' 1118"
Common Rafter Lumber Length: To obtain the total lumber length required,
an allowance for the bottom plumb cut must be added. (See figure 6.) This
allowance can be obtained by using the tables as well.
EXAMPLE: Using the 7 Inch Rise page and assuming 2 x 6 lumber (which has a
depth of 512"), use the Rafter Depth and Bottom Allowance table to see that the
common and jack allowance equals 3316" inches. The total lumber length required
for this common rafter is:
RAFTER LENGTH
= 17' 438"
TAIL LENGTH
= 1' 1118"
BOTTOM ALLOWANCE = 3316"
TOTAL LUMBER LENGTH = 19' 61116"
9
10
the plumb mark. Make all seat notches the same depth and never notch more
than halfway through the rafter.
b. 3 12" horizontal seat cut length. As shown in
GTH
figure 8b, placing the pivot of the square
LEN
TER
R AF
against the outside of the rafter, line
up the dash line at 312"on the
OR H
square with the plumb
TAIL LEN GT
E
E AV
mark and make the
BOTTOM
PLUMB CUT
SEAT DEPTH
horizontal line.
3. Tail or Bottom Plumb
Cut: Using the tail length
(our example: 1' 1138"),
measure down the rafter
from the seat plumb mark
and make the bottom
plumb mark the same
as in Step 1. If the mark
is too close to the end
of the lumber, turn the
square over to the bottom
edge of the rafter, and
still using the number 7,
make the bottom plumb
mark. You may wish to
leave the tails long and
make the bottom plumb
cuts after all the rafters
are set.
SEAT
PLUMB
MARK
SEAT NOTCH
OR
BIRDS MOUTH
LU M
BER
LEN
TOP
PLUMB
SEAT
GTH
BOTTOM PLUMB
CUT ALLOWANCE
MARK ALONG
THIS EDGE
4
S E AT C
S
30
C UT 24
5
UTS
75
30
24
70
3
-V 2 1
65
51
0
H I P 10 1
1
6
8
12 S
55
67
10 P C UT 50
45
7 8O N TO 40 45
2 3
6
M
5
M
5
1
4 C O 30 3
3
25
2
20
1
15
10
5
TO P 5 18
AL
11
6
80
D EG
HORIZONTAL OR
BOTTOM CUT
S E AT
C UT
80
75
SEAT
DEPTH
D EG
ADD FOR
TAIL OR EAVE
90
PLUMB MARK
1 2
3 4
5 6 H IP - V
1
7 8 AL
T
2
10
12 15O P C UTS
3
10
4
18
5
15
24 3
6
C 7
0
20
25 3O M M O N8 10 1
0 3 5 TO P C 2 1
40 UTS 5 13
4
5
2
4
50 5
5 60 30
65
70
Notch Layout
(312" seat cut length)]
1
2
90
ADD FOR
TAIL OR EAVE
SEA
T CU
TS
AL
CU IG N S
SQ T LIN EAT
PLU UARE WE O N
M B ITH
MAR
K
PLUMB
MARK
3-1/
2
SEA
T CU
TS
P IV O
D EG
80
75
30 24
2 1
S
P C UT 5 4 3
V A L TO 8 7 6
H IP - 12 10 9
2
5
1
8
1
4 3
6 5
5 10
8 7 UTS
20 1
12 10O N TO P C 30 25
18 15 C O M M 45 40 35
4
2
50
30
0 55
65 6
70
12
RA
E
FT
RL
INTERSECTION OF
HIP, RIDGE AND
RIDGE JACK
EN
H
GT
TOP
BEVEL
CUT
AL M I
L T
I F O WA E R
US N C
ED E
13
FIGURE 9: Top View of Hip Rafter Layout
BEVEL CUT
LU M
BER
LEN
GTH
TO P
VI E
W
TE
R AF
RL
TH
EN G
SI D
EV
I EW
L
TAI
TOP
PLUMB
CUT
SEAT DEPTH
HORIZONTAL SEAT MARK
SEAT PLUMB MARK
MITER
ALLOWANCE
IF USED
SEAT NOTCH
OR BIRDS MOUTH
Tail or Eave Length: Use the same procedure as that for the common rafters,
taking care to use the Hip-Val column in the tables instead.
FIGURE 10: Hip Rafter Layout
EXAMPLE: With a tail run of 1' 8", use the same 7 Inch Rise table, under Hip or Val
Rafter Length:
1' Run = 1' 638"
8" Run = 1218"
1' 8" Tail = 2' 612"
NOTE: If miter is desired, add the miter allowance from the tables. (See figures
9 and 10.)
14
Hip-Val Lumber Length: To the above determined lengths, add an allowance for
the bottom plumb cut as well as the miter allowance if used, to get the overall
lumber length.
EXAMPLE: Assuming a 2 x 6 again and a miter allowance using a 112" rafter
thickness:
RAFTER LENGTH
= 22' 1138"
TAIL LENGTH
= 2' 612"
BOTTOM PLUMB ALLOWANCE =
3316"
7
MITER ALLOWANCE
=
8"
LUMBER LENGTH
= 25' 91516"
3. Tail or Bottom Plumb Cut: Measure down the top of the hip rafter from the seat
plumb mark and mark the distance for the tail (our example: 2' 612"). Using the
rafter square, make the bottom plumb mark at this point. If a tail miter is used,
make another plumb mark on the other side of the rafter. (See figure 10.)
4. Hip Rafter Pattern Cuts: With your saw set at 45, cut the top plumb cut,
making sure the top bevels are opposite for opposite rafters. Setting the saw at
45 automatically gives the plumb cut and side cut bevel. If miter is used, make
the bottom plumb cut on a 45 angle as well. If miter is not used, set the saw at
90. The seat notch is made with the saw set at 90. (See figure 10.)
TOP OF
COMMON RAFTER
BEING USED AS
A MEASURE
16
with the ridge. Be sure your walls are straight. Place the top end of the common
rafter even with the top of the ridge. (See figure 11.) Mark across the ridge as
shown. This mark will be the center of the two intersecting hips. If a common
rafter is to be used, the ridge will be cut off at this mark and the common rafter
butted up against it. If no common rafter is used, cut the ridge about 2" longer.
This will allow you to nail through the ridge into the hip.
17
RIDGE
TOP PLUMB
BEVEL CUT
TE
R
FT
ER
LE
VA
NG
TH
LL
EY
R
AF
MITER
ALLOWANCE
RA
MITER
ALLOWANCE
IF USED
RIDGE
FASCIA
BEVEL CUT
BER
LEN
GTH
TO P
VI E
W
R AF
M
ITER
ALL
OW
GTH
AN C
SI D
TAI L
NOTE: ON VALLEY RAFTERS
ADD MITER ALLOWANCE TO
RAFTER LENGTH BEFORE
MAKING SEAT CUT.
LEN
TER
E VI
EW
SEAT DEPTH
MITER
ALLOWANCE
IF USED
BOTTOM
PLUMB CUT
ALLOWANCE
18
SEAT NOTCH
MITER PLUMB LINE
TOP
PLUMB
CUT
4. Valley Rafter Pattern Cuts: Set the saw at 45 to make the top and bottom
cuts as in figure 13. Also, make the seat miter cuts with the 45 setting. Change
to 90 for the horizontal seat notch.
JACK RAFTERS
Jack Rafter Length: The jack rafter tables are different than the other rafter
tables. The first column in the table lists the varying center to center spacing
of jack rafters. The second column is the difference in length from one jack to
the next. (See figures 14 and 15.) This difference in length is to be added or
subtracted from the rafter length as you move from jack to jack.
EXAMPLE: For a 7 Inch Rise and assuming 24" rafter spacing, the amount to add
or subtract is 2' 334".
To obtain the length of the first or longest jack, measure the distance from the
edge of the last common rafter to the intersection of the hip and ridge, for a hip
jack, or the valley and top plate, for a valley jack. Subtract this measurement (D)
from the spacing you are using (S) to get the distance from the intersection to the
first jack (S-D). Use the table for this distance and find the length to subtract from
a common rafter length. This gives you the rafter length for the first or longest
jack. (See figures 14 and 15.)
EXAMPLE: Rafter spacing (S) is 24"; the distance from common rafter to
intersection (D) = 12"; (S-D) = 12". From the 7 Inch Rise table, we have a length
of 1' 178". Therefore:
COMMON RAFTER
SUBTRACT
= 17' 438"
- 1' 178"
S
(24)
D (12)
RIDGE
S-D
(12)
1st
JACK
S
(24)
1 1-7/8
2nd
JACK
S
(24)
3rd
JACK
2 3-
S
(24)
th
CK
COMMON
4th
JACK
PLATE
HIP
HIP
PLATE
1st
VALLEY
JACK
COMMON
2nd
VALLEY
JACK
3rd
VALLEY
JACK
4th
VALLEY
JACK
RIDGE
RIDGE
S-D
D
PLATE
PLATE
VALLEY
VALLEY
PLATE
20
RIDGE
Remember to add tail length to this length. For all remaining jacks, subtract the full
spacing (S). Example: S = 24" jack length subtracted = 2' 334" from the tables.
Therefore:
FIRST JACK RAFTER LENGTH = 16' 212"
SUBTRACT
- 2' 334"
SECOND JACK RAFTER LENGTH = 13' 1034"
Continue this process to the last jack rafter (note that this procedure is the same
for hip jacks and valley jacks). Be sure to measure jack rafter length on the long
side of the rafter because of the bevel. Cripple jacks use the same method but
must be beveled on both ends; therefore, the subtraction for both ends must be
made from a common rafter length as if it went from the plate to the ridge. (See
figure 2.)
Tail or Eave Length: The tail length for all jack rafters resting on the wall plate is
the same as for common rafters. Valley jacks and cripple jacks have no tail. (See
figures 14 and 15.)
Lumber Length: Lumber length is found by using the same procedure outlined
for common rafters: jack rafter length + tail length + bottom allowance, then
subtracting for the rafters position per above.
DORMER RAFTERS
When remodeling or adding a room, it is sometimes easier to build a valley on top of
the main roof. This saves cutting into the main roof which could cause weakening.
1. Mark Location of the Valley on the Roof at 45 to the Common Rafters.
(See figure 1.) Set the long point of the bottom end of the rafter even with line A.
2. P lumb Cuts on the Dormer Rafter: These will be done the same as the
common rafter, using the appropriate Inch Rise.
3. R after Length: After measuring the shortest rafter, length may be determined
by using the same method as with jack rafters.
4. Bottom Cut: This is a horizontal cut as in Figure 8. Do not cut on the plumb
mark; rather, cut horizontally all the way across the rafter. Before making the
horizontal cut, tilt the base of your saw at the same angle as the rise of your roof
to allow your horizontal cut to lay flat against your roof.
EXAMPLE: Using the common rafter scale on the square and the 7 Inch Rise,
you will notice that the number 7 lines up with 30 on the degree scale below.
Therefore, tilt your saw at 30.
Figure 1 also shows a roof that is sometimes used over doors. To find the end cut
at point B, hold the square so that the T-bar is flat against the rafter for the plumb
cut of a flat roof. Using the common rafter scale, mark the pivot point and make a
mark at the rising using the same rise as the main roof. Then mark a line through
these two points. This is the cut required.
22
DEGREE SCALE
The degree scale on the rafter square can be used to mark any angle cut across a
board. (See figure 16.) Place the pivot point on the mark where the cut is to be
made on the board. Set the degree scale on the edge of the board at the required
angle and mark a line along the top edge as shown in the figure.
EXAMPLE: To find an obtuse angle of 120, place the pivot on the mark where the
cut is to be made and hold the square T-bar tight against the board. Mark the 90
line across the board. Flip the square on its opposite side, holding it at the same
pivot point, and pivot it so that the degree scale reads 30 (120- 90). Marking a
line along the bottom edge of the square gives you a 120 angle (as well as a 30
and 60).
[Fig. 16 Angles Using the Degree Scale]
PI VOT
60
D EG
UT
TC
SEA
90
S
5
E
A
TC
UTS
P CUTS 24 30
6
VA L TO
HI P - 12 15 18
10
D EG
6 78
24 30
75 80
3 45
15 13
1 2
65 70
10 12 TS
55 60
6 7 8 P CU
4 5 CO M M ON TO40 45 50
2 3
30 35
20 25
10 15
MARK ALONG
THIS EDGE
30 24 H IP - VA
18 15 L TO P CU
TS
12 10
987 6
30 24
80 75
54 3
18 15
70 65
2 1
12
60 55 CO M M10 8 7
O
N
6
50 45 TO P CU 5 4
40 35 TS
3 2
1
30 25
20 15
10
30
60
30
30
120
23
Hip or Val.
Rafter
Length
1' 5"
2' 10"
4' 3"
5' 8"
7' 1"
8' 6"
9' 11"
11' 4"
12' 9"
14' 2"
15' 7"
17' 0"
18' 5"
19' 10"
21' 3"
22' 8"
24' 1"
25' 6"
26' 11"
28' 4"
29' 9"
31' 2"
32' 7"
34' 0"
35' 5"
Common
Rafter
Run In. Length
1
1
2
2"
1
1"
112
112"
2
2"
212
212"
3
3"
312
312"
4
4"
412
412"
5
5"
512
512"
6
6"
612
612"
7
7"
712
712"
8
8"
812
812"
9
9"
912
912"
10
10"
1012
1012"
11
11"
1112
1112"
Rafter
Thickness
112"
158"
134"
178"
Hip or Val.
Rafter
Length
3
4"
138"
218"
278"
312"
414"
5"
558"
638"
718"
734"
812"
914"
978"
1058"
1138"
12"
1234"
1312"
1418"
1478"
1558"
1614"
Bottom
Allowance
5
16"
7
16"
5
8"
3
4"
Hip or Val.
Rafter
Length
1' 518"
2' 1018"
4' 314"
5' 838"
7' 112"
8' 612"
9' 1158"
11' 434"
12' 934"
14' 278"
15' 8"
17' 1"
18' 618"
19' 1114"
21' 438"
22' 938"
24' 212"
25' 758"
27' 058"
28' 534"
29' 1078"
31' 378"
32' 9"
34' 218"
35' 714"
Common
Rafter
Run In. Length
1
1
2
2"
1
1"
112
112"
2
2"
212
212"
3
3"
312
312"
4
4"
412
458"
5
518"
512
558"
6
618"
658"
612
7
718"
712
758"
8
818"
812
858"
9
918"
912
958"
10
1018"
1012
1034"
11
1114"
1112
1134"
Rafter
Thickness
112"
158"
134"
178"
Hip or Val.
Rafter
Length
3
4"
1 38"
2 18"
2 78
3 12"
4 14"
5"
5 34"
6 38"
7 18"
7 78"
8 12"
9 14"
9 78"
10 58"
11 38"
12"
12 34"
13 12"
14 14"
14 78"
15 58"
16 38"
Bottom
Allowance
9
16"
15
16"
1316"
1916"
Hip or Val.
Rafter
Length
1' 514"
2' 1012"
4' 334"
5' 878"
7' 218"
8' 738"
10' 058"
11' 578"
12' 1118"
14' 438"
15' 958"
17' 234"
18' 8"
20' 114"
21' 612"
22' 1134"
24' 5"
25' 1014"
27' 312"
28' 858"
30' 178"
31' 718"
33' 038"
34' 558"
35' 1078"
Common
Rafter
Run In. Length
1
1
2
2"
1
1"
112
112"
2
2"
212
258"
3
318"
1
3 2
358"
4
418"
412
458"
5
518"
512
558"
6
618"
612
658"
7
718"
712
758"
8
818"
812
834"
9
914"
912
934"
10
1014"
1012
1034"
11
1114"
1112
1134"
Rafter
Thickness
112"
158"
134"
178"
Hip or Val.
Rafter
Length
3
4"
138"
218"
278
358"
414"
5"
534"
612"
718"
778"
858"
938"
10"
1034"
1112"
1214"
1278"
1358"
1438"
1518"
1534"
1612"
Bottom
Allowance
7
8"
138"
11316"
2516"
Hip or Val.
Rafter
Length
1' 538"
2' 1078"
4' 414"
5' 934"
7' 318"
8' 858"
10' 2"
11' 712"
13' 078"
14' 638"
15' 1134"
17' 514"
18' 1058"
20' 418"
21' 912"
23' 3"
24' 838"
26' 178"
27' 714"
29' 034"
30' 618"
31' 1158"
33' 5"
34' 1012"
36' 378"
Common
Rafter
Run In. Length
1
1
2
2"
1
1"
112
158"
2
218"
212
258"
3
318"
312
334"
4
414"
412
434"
5
514"
512
534"
6
638"
612
678"
7
738"
7 12
8"
8
8 12"
812
9"
9
912"
912
1018"
10
1058"
1012
1118"
11
1158"
1112
1218"
Rafter
Thickness
112"
158"
134"
178"
Hip or Val.
Rafter
Length
3
4"
112"
218"
278"
358"
438"
518"
534"
612"
714"
8"
834"
912"
1014"
1078"
1158"
1238"
1318"
1378"
1412"
1514"
16"
1634"
Bottom
Allowance
1316"
11316"
2716"
3116"
Hip or Val.
Rafter
Length
1' 534"
2' 1138"
4' 518"
5' 1034"
7' 412"
8' 1018"
10' 378"
11' 912"
13' 314"
14' 878"
16' 258"
17' 814"
19' 2"
20' 758"
22' 138"
23' 718"
25' 034"
26' 612"
28' 018"
29' 578"
30' 1112"
32' 514"
33' 1078"
35' 458"
36' 1014"
Common
Rafter
Run In. Length
1
1
2
2"
1
118"
112
158"
2
218"
212
234"
3
314"
312
334"
4
438"
412
478"
5
538"
512
6"
6
612"
612
7"
7
758"
712
818"
8
858"
812"
914
9
934"
912"
1014"
10
1078"
1012"
1138"
11
1178"
1112"
1212"
Rafter
Thickness
112"
158"
134"
178"
Hip or Val.
Rafter
Length
3
4"
112"
214"
3"
358"
438"
518"
578"
658"
738"
818"
878"
958"
1038"
1118"
1178"
1212"
1314"
14"
1434"
1512"
1614"
17"
Bottom
Allowance
1716"
2516"
3"
378"
Hip or Val.
Rafter
Length
1' 6"
3' 0"
4' 6"
6' 0"
7' 6"
9' 0"
10' 6"
12' 0"
13' 6"
15' 0"
16' 6"
18' 0"
19' 6"
21' 0"
22' 6"
24' 0"
25' 6"
27' 0"
28' 6"
30' 0"
31' 6"
33' 0"
34' 6"
36' 0"
37' 6"
Common
Rafter
Run In. Length
1
1
2
2"
1
118"
112
158"
2
214"
1
2 2
234"
3
338"
312
378"
4
412"
412
5"
5
558"
512
618"
6
634"
612
714"
7
778"
712
838"
8
9"
912"
812
9
1018"
1
9 2
1058"
10
1114"
10 12
1134"
11
1238"
1112
1278"
Rafter
Thickness
112"
158"
134"
178"
Hip or Val.
Rafter
Length
3
4"
112"
214"
3"
334"
412"
514"
6"
634"
712"
814"
9"
934"
1012"
1114"
12"
1234"
1312"
1414"
15"
1534"
1612"
1714"
Bottom
Allowance
134"
234"
358"
458"
Hip or Val.
Rafter
Length
1' 638"
3' 034"
4' 718"
6' 138"
7' 734"
9' 218"
10' 812"
12' 278"
13' 914"
15' 358"
16' 978"
18' 414"
19' 1058"
21' 5"
22' 1138"
24' 534"
26' 018"
27' 638"
29' 034"
30' 718"
32' 112"
33' 778"
35' 214"
36' 858"
38' 278"
Common
Rafter
Run In. Length
5
1
2
8"
1
118"
112
134"
2
238"
212
278"
3
312"
312
4"
4
458"
412
514"
5
534"
512
638"
6
678"
612
712"
7
8"
712
858"
8
914"
812
934"
9
1038"
912
1078"
10
1112"
1012
1218"
11
1258"
1112
1314"
Rafter
Thickness
112"
158"
134"
178"
Hip or Val.
Rafter
Length
3
4"
112"
214"
3"
378"
458"
538"
618"
678"
758"
838"
918"
978"
10 58"
1138"
1218"
13"
1334"
1412"
1514"
16"
1634"
1712"
Bottom
Allowance
2116"
3316"
414"
538"
Hip or Val.
Rafter
Length
1' 634"
3' 112"
4' 814"
6' 3"
7' 934"
9' 458"
10' 1138"
12' 618"
14' 078"
15' 758"
17' 238"
18' 918"
20' 378"
21' 1058"
23' 538"
25' 018"
26' 7"
28' 134"
29' 812"
31' 314"
32' 10"
34' 434"
35' 1112"
37' 614"
39' 1"
Common
Rafter
Run In. Length
5
1
2
8"
1
114"
112
134"
2
238"
212
3"
3
358"
312
414"
4
434"
412
538"
5
6"
1
2
658"
6
714"
612
778"
7
812"
712
9"
8
958"
812
1014"
9
1078"
912
1112"
10
12"
1012
1258"
11
1314"
1112
1378"
Rafter
Thickness
112"
158"
134"
178"
Hip or Val.
Rafter
Length
3
4"
158"
238"
318"
378"
434"
512"
614"
7"
778"
858"
938"
1018"
11"
1134"
1212"
1314"
1418"
1478"
1558"
1638"
1714"
18"
Bottom
Allowance
2516"
31116"
41316"
6316"
Hip or Val.
Rafter
Length
1' 714"
3' 238"
4' 958"
6' 478"
8' 0"
9' 714"
11' 212"
12' 958"
14' 478"
16' 018"
17' 714"
19' 212"
20' 934"
22' 478"
24' 018"
25' 738"
27' 212"
28' 934"
30' 5"
32' 018"
33' 738"
35' 258"
36' 934"
38' 5"
40' 014"
Common
Rafter
Run In. Length
5
1
2
8"
1
114"
112
178"
2
212"
212
318"
3
334"
1
3 2
438"
4
5"
412
558"
5
614"
512
678"
6
712"
612
818"
7
834"
712
938"
8
10"
812
1058"
9
1114"
1
9 2
1178"
10
1212"
1012
1318"
11
1334"
1112
1438"
Rafter
Thickness
112"
158"
134"
178"
Hip or Val.
Rafter
Length
3
4"
158"
238"
314"
4"
434"
558"
638"
714"
8"
834"
958"
1038"
1114"
12"
1278"
1358"
1438"
1514"
16"
1678"
1758"
1838"
Bottom
Allowance
258"
418"
5716"
61516"
Hip or Val.
Rafter
Length
1' 734"
3' 338"
4' 1118"
6' 634"
8' 212"
9' 1014"
11' 578"
13' 158"
14' 914"
16' 5"
18' 058"
19' 838"
21' 418"
22' 1134"
24' 712"
26' 318"
27' 1078"
28' 658"
31' 214"
32' 10"
34' 558"
36' 138"
37' 9"
39' 434"
41' 012"
Common
Rafter
Run In. Length
5
1
2
8"
1
114"
112
2"
2
258"
212
314"
3
378"
312
412"
4
514"
412
578"
5
612"
512
718"
6
734"
612
838"
7
9"
712
934"
8
1038"
812
11"
9
1158"
912
1214"
10
13"
1012
1358"
11
1414"
1112
1478"
Rafter
Thickness
112"
158"
134"
178"
Hip or Val.
Rafter
Length
7
8"
158"
212"
314"
418"
478"
534"
658"
738"
814"
9"
978"
1034"
1112"
1238"
1318"
14"
14 34"
15 58"
1612"
1714"
1818"
1878"
Bottom
Allowance
21516"
4916"
6116"
71116"
Hip or Val.
Rafter
Length
1' 814"
3' 412"
5' 058"
6' 878"
8' 518"
10' 138"
11' 958"
13' 534"
15' 2"
16' 1014"
18' 612"
20' 234"
21' 1078"
23' 718"
25' 338"
26' 1158"
28' 734"
30' 4"
32' 014"
33' 812"
35' 434"
37' 078"
38' 918"
40' 538"
42' 158"
Common
Rafter
Run In. Length
5
1
2
8"
1
138"
112
2"
2
234"
212
338"
3
418"
312
434"
4
538"
412
618"
5
634"
512
712"
6
818"
612
834"
7
912"
712
1018"
8
1078"
812
1112"
9
1214"
1
9 2
1278"
10
1312"
1012
1414"
11
1478"
1112
1558"
Rafter
Thickness
112"
158"
134"
178"
Hip or Val.
Rafter
Length
7
8"
158"
212"
338"
414"
5"
578"
634"
758"
838"
914"
1018"
11"
1134"
1258"
1312"
1438"
1518"
16"
1678"
1734"
1812"
1938"
Bottom
Allowance
3316"
5116"
658"
812"
Hip or Val.
Rafter
Length
1' 834"
3' 558"
5' 238"
6' 1118"
8' 778"
10' 434"
12' 112"
13' 1014"
15' 7"
17' 334"
19' 058"
20' 938"
22' 614"
24' 3"
25' 11 4"
27' 812"
29' 538"
31' 218"
32' 1078"
34' 758"
36' 412"
38' 114"
39' 10"
41' 678"
43' 358"
Common
Rafter
Run In. Length
3
1
2
4"
1
138"
112
218"
2
278"
1
2 2
312"
3
414"
1
3 2
5"
4
558"
412
638"
5
718"
512
734"
6
812"
612
914"
7
978"
712
1058"
8
1138"
812
12"
9
1234"
912
1312"
10
1418"
1012
1478"
11
1558"
1112
1614"
Rafter
Thickness
112"
158"
134"
178"
Hip or Val.
Rafter
Length
7
8"
134"
258"
312"
438"
514"
6"
678"
734"
858"
912"
1038"
1114"
1218"
13"
1378"
1434"
1558"
1638"
1714"
1818"
19"
1978"
Bottom
Allowance
312"
512"
714"
914"
Hip or Val.
Rafter
Length
1' 938"
3' 634"
5' 418"
7' 112"
8' 1078"
10' 814"
12' 558"
14' 3"
16' 038"
17' 934"
19' 718"
21' 412"
23' 178"
24' 1114"
26' 858"
28' 6"
30' 338"
32' 034"
33' 1018"
35' 712"
37' 478"
39' 214"
40' 1158"
42' 9"
44' 638"
Common
Rafter
Run In. Length
3
1
2
4"
1
112"
112
214"
2
3"
212
358"
3
438"
1
3 2
518"
4
578"
412
658"
5
738"
512
818"
6
858"
612
938"
7
1018"
712
1078"
8
1158"
812
1214"
9
13"
912
1334"
10
1412"
1012
1514"
11
16"
1112
1634"
Rafter
Thickness
112"
158"
134"
178"
Hip or Val.
Rafter
Length
7
8"
134"
258"
312"
412"
538"
614"
718"
8"
878"
934"
1058"
1112"
1238"
1314"
1418"
1518"
16"
1678"
1734"
1858"
1912"
2038"
Bottom
Allowance
31316"
51516"
778"
10"
Hip or Val.
Rafter
Length
1' 10"
3' 8"
5' 6"
7' 4"
9' 2"
11' 0"
12' 10"
14' 8"
16' 6"
18' 4"
20' 2"
22' 0"
23' 10"
25' 8"
27' 6"
29' 4"
31' 2"
33' 0"
34' 10"
36' 8"
38' 6"
40' 4"
42' 2"
44' 0"
45' 10"
Common
Rafter
Run In. Length
3
1
2
4"
1
112"
112
214"
2
318"
212
378"
3
458"
312
538"
4
618"
412
678"
5
758"
512
812"
6
914"
612
10"
7
1034"
712
1112"
8
1238"
812
1318"
9
1378"
1
9 2
1458"
10
1538"
1012
1618"
11
1678"
1112
1734"
Hip or Val.
Rafter
Length
7
8"
178"
234"
358"
458"
512"
638"
738"
814"
918"
1018"
11"
1178"
1278"
1334"
1458"
1558"
1612"
1738"
1838"
1914"
2018"
2118"
Rafter
Miter Allowance for
Thickness Hip and Valley Rafters
112"
118"
158"
114"
3
1 4"
138"
178"
1716"
37
Bottom
Allowance
4116"
6716"
8716"
101316"
Hip or Val.
Rafter
Length
1' 1058"
3' 914"
5' 8"
7' 658"
9' 514"
11' 378"
13' 212"
15' 114"
16' 1178"
18' 1012"
20' 918"
22' 734"
24' 612"
26' 518"
28' 334"
30' 238"
32' 1"
33' 1134"
35' 1038"
37' 9"
39' 758"
41' 614"
43' 478"
45' 358"
47' 214"
Common
Rafter
Run In. Length
3
1
2
4"
1
158"
112
238"
2
314"
1
2 2
4"
3
434"
312
558"
4
6 3/8"
412
714"
5
8"
512
834"
6
958"
612
1038"
7
1114"
712
12"
8
1278"
812
1358"
9
1438"
912
1514"
10
16"
1012
1678"
11
1758"
1112
1838"
Rafter
Thickness
112"
158"
134"
178"
Hip or Val.
Rafter
Length
1"
178"
278"
334"
434"
558"
658"
7 1/2"
812"
912"
1038"
1138"
1238"
1314"
1414"
1518"
1618"
17"
18"
1878"
1978"
2078"
2134"
Bottom
Allowance
438"
678"
9116"
11916"
Hip or Val.
Rafter
Length
1' 1138"
3' 1058"
5' 10"
7' 914"
9' 858"
11' 8"
13' 714"
15' 658"
17' 578"
19' 514"
21' 458"
23' 378"
25' 314"
27' 212"
29' 178"
31' 118"
33' 012"
34' 1178"
36' 1118"
38' 1012"
40' 934"
42' 918"
44' 812"
46' 734"
48' 718"
Common
Rafter
Run In. Length
7
1
2
8"
1
158"
112
212"
2
338"
1
2 2
418"
3
5"
312
578"
4
658"
412
712"
5
838"
512
918"
6
10"
612
1078"
7
1158"
712
1212"
8
1338"
812
1418"
9
15"
912
1578"
10
1658"
1012
1712"
11
1838"
1112
1918"
Rafter
Thickness
112"
158"
134"
178"
Hip or Val.
Rafter
Length
1"
2"
278"
378"
478"
578"
634"
734"
834"
934"
1034"
1158"
1258"
1358"
1412"
1512"
1612"
1712"
1838"
1938"
2038"
2138"
2238"
Bottom
Allowance
41116"
7516"
91116"
12516"
Hip or Val.
Rafter
Length
2' 0"
4' 0"
6' 018"
8' 018"
10' 018"
12' 018"
14' 018"
16' 018"
18' 014"
20' 014"
22' 014"
24' 014"
26' 014"
28' 014"
30' 038"
32' 038"
34' 038"
36' 038"
38' 038"
40' 038"
42' 038"
44' 012"
46' 012"
48' 012"
50' 012"
Common
Rafter
Run In. Length
7
1
2
8"
1
134"
112
258"
2
312"
212
438"
3
514"
1
3 2
618"
4
7"
412
734"
5
858"
512
912"
6
1038"
612
1114"
7
1218"
712
13"
8
1378"
812
1434"
9
1558"
912
1612"
10
1738"
1012
1818"
11
19"
1112
1978"
Rafter
Thickness
112"
158"
134"
178"
Hip or Val.
Rafter
Length
1"
2"
3"
4"
5"
6"
7"
8"
9"
10"
11"
12"
13"
14"
15"
16"
17"
18"
19"
20"
21"
22"
23"
Bottom
Allowance
41516"
71316"
1014"
1318"
Hip or Val.
Rafter
Length
2' 034"
4' 112"
6' 214"
8' 3"
10' 358"
12' 438"
14' 514"
16' 578"
18' 658"
20' 738"
22' 818"
24' 878"
26' 958"
28' 1038"
30' 1118"
32' 1178"
35' 012"
37' 114"
39' 2"
41' 234"
43' 312"
45' 414"
47' 5"
49' 534"
51' 612"
Common
Rafter
Run In. Length
7
1
2
8"
1
134"
112
234"
2
358"
212
412"
3
538"
1
3 2
614"
4
714"
412
818"
5
9"
512
978"
6
1078"
612
1134"
7
1258"
712
1358"
8
1412"
8 12
1538"
9
1614"
1
9 2
1718"
10
18 18"
1012
19"
11
1978"
1112
2034"
Hip or Val.
Rafter
Length
1"
2"
318"
418"
518"
618"
714"
814"
914"
1014"
1138"
1238"
1338"
1438"
1512"
1612"
1712"
1812"
158"
2058"
2158"
2258"
2334"
Bottom
Allowance
514"
814"
1078"
1378"
Hip or Val.
Rafter
Length
2' 112"
4' 3"
6' 438"
8' 578"
10' 738"
12' 878"
14' 1038"
16' 1134"
19' 114"
21' 234"
23' 414"
25' 534"
27' 718"
29' 858"
31' 1018"
33' 1158"
36' 118"
38' 212"
40' 4"
42' 512"
44' 7"
46' 812"
48' 978"
50' 1138"
53' 078"
Common
Rafter
Run In. Length
7
1
2
8"
1
178"
112
234"
2
334"
1
2 2
458"
3
558"
1
3 2
612"
4
712"
412
838"
5
938"
512
1014"
6
1114"
612
1218"
7
1318"
712
14"
8
15"
1578"
812
9
1678"
1
9 2
1734"
10
1834"
1012
1958"
11
2058"
1112
2112"
Rafter
Thickness
112"
158"
134"
178"
Hip or Val.
Rafter
Length
1"
218"
318"
414"
514"
638"
738"
812"
912"
1058"
1158"
1234"
1334"
1478"
1578"
17"
18"
1918"
2018"
2114"
2214"
2338"
2438"
Bottom
Allowance
5916"
81116"
1112"
1458"
Hip or Val.
Rafter
Length
2' 214"
4' 412"
6' 634"
8' 878"
10' 1118"
13' 138"
15' 358"
17' 578"
19' 818"
21' 1014"
24' 012"
26' 234"
28' 5"
30' 714"
32' 912"
34' 1158"
37' 178"
39' 418"
41' 638"
43' 858"
45' 1078"
48' 1"
50' 314"
52' 512"
54' 734"
Common
Rafter
Run In. Length
1
2
1"
1
2"
112
278"
2
378"
1
2 2
478"
3
578"
1
3 2
634"
4
734"
412
834"
5
934"
512
1034"
6
1158"
612
1258"
7
1358"
712
1412"
8
1512"
812
1612"
9
1712"
1
9 2
1838"
10
1938"
1012
2038"
11
2138"
1112
2238"
Rafter
Thickness
112"
158"
134"
178"
Hip or Val.
Rafter
Length
118"
218"
314"
438"
512"
612"
758"
834"
978"
1078"
12"
1318"
1414"
1514"
1638"
1712"
1858"
1958"
2034"
2178"
23"
24"
2518"
Bottom
Allowance
51316"
9316"
12116"
15716"
Hip or Val.
Rafter
Length
2' 3"
4' 6"
6' 9"
9' 0"
11' 3"
13' 6"
15' 9"
18' 0"
20' 3"
22' 6"
24' 9"
27' 0"
29' 3"
31' 6"
33' 9"
36' 0"
38' 3"
40' 6"
42' 9"
45' 0"
47' 3"
49' 6"
51' 9"
54' 0"
56' 3"
Common
Rafter
Run In. Length
1
2
1"
1
2"
112
3"
2
4"
212
5"
3
6"
312
7"
4
818"
412
918"
5
1018"
512
1118"
6
1218"
612
1318"
7
1418"
712
1518"
8
1618"
812
1718"
9
1818"
1
9 2
1918"
10
2014"
1012
2114"
11
2214"
1112
2314"
Rafter
Thickness
112"
158"
134"
178"
Hip or Val.
Rafter
Length
118"
214"
338"
412"
558"
634"
778"
834"
9"
1018"
1114"
1238"
1312"
1458"
1534"
1678"
18"
1918"
2014"
2118"
2138"
2212"
2358"
Bottom
Allowance
618"
958"
121116"
16316"
Hip or Val.
Rafter
Length
2' 334"
4' 758"
6' 1138"
9' 318"
11' 678"
13' 1034"
16' 212"
18' 614"
20' 1018"
23' 178"
25' 558"
27' 938"
30' 114"
32' 5"
34' 834"
37' 012"
39' 438"
41' 8 18"
43' 1178"
46' 334"
48' 712"
50' 1114"
53' 3"
55' 678"
57' 1058"
Common
Rafter
Run In. Length
1
2
1"
1
218"
112
318"
2
418"
1
2 2
514"
3
614"
312
714"
4
838"
938"
412
5
1012"
512
1112"
6
1212"
612
1312"
7
1458"
712
1558"
8
1658"
1
8 2
1734"
9
1834"
912
1934"
10
2078"
1012
2178"
11
23"
1112
24"
Rafter
Thickness
112"
158"
134"
178"
Hip or Val.
Rafter
Length
118"
238"
312"
458"
534"
7"
818"
914"
1038"
1158"
1234"
1378"
15"
1614"
1738"
1812"
1958"
2078"
22"
2318"
2414"
25 12"
2658"
Bottom
Allowance
6716"
10116"
13516"
161516"
Hip or Val.
Rafter
Length
2' 458"
4' 918"
7' 134"
9' 638"
11' 1078"
14' 312"
16' 818"
19' 058"
21' 514"
23' 978"
26' 238"
28' 7"
30' 1158"
33' 418"
35' 834"
38' 138"
40' 578"
42' 1012"
45' 318"
47' 758"
50' 014"
52' 478"
54' 938"
57' 2"
59' 658"
Common
Rafter
Run In. Length
1
2
118"
1
218"
112
314"
2
438"
212
538"
3
612"
312
758"
4
858"
412
934"
5
1034"
512
1178"
6
13"
612
1418"
7
1518"
712
1614"
8
1738"
812
1838"
9
19 12"
912
2058"
10
2158"
10 12
22 34"
11
2334"
1112
2478"
Rafter
Thickness
112"
158"
134"
178"
Hip or Val.
Rafter
Length
114"
238"
358"
434"
6"
718"
838"
912"
1034"
12"
1318"
1414"
1512"
1658"
1778"
19"
2014"
2138"
2258"
2334"
25"
2614"
2738"
Bottom
Allowance
61116"
10916"
1378"
1734"
Hip or Val.
Rafter
Length
2' 538"
4' 1034"
7' 418"
9' 958"
12' 3"
14' 838"
17' 134"
19' 718"
22' 012"
24' 6"
26' 1138"
29' 434"
31' 1018"
34' 312"
36' 878"
39' 214"
41' 734"
44' 118"
46' 612"
48' 1178"
51' 514"
53' 1058"
56' 4"
58' 912"
61' 278"
Common
Rafter
Run In. Length
1
2
118"
1
214"
112
338"
2
412"
1
2 2
558"
3
634"
1
3 2
778"
4
9"
412
10"
5
1118"
512
1214"
6
1338"
612
1412"
7
1558"
712
1634"
8
1778"
812
19"
9
2018"
912
2114"
10
2238"
1012
2338"
11
2412"
1112
2558"
Rafter
Thickness
112"
158"
134"
178"
Hip or Val.
Rafter
Length
114"
212"
358"
478"
618"
738"
858"
934"
11"
1214"
1312"
1458"
1578"
1718"
1814"
1912"
2034"
22"
2314"
2438"
2558"
2678"
2818"
Bottom
Allowance
7"
11"
1412"
1812"
C10110464
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