Bacteria in dental plaque, Streptococusmutansis considered the most significant cariogenic bacteria.

Bacterial adhesion to biomaterials and it ability to form biofilm on bodies are wellknown as steps in the pathogenesis of oral infections. Orthodontic appliances are considered to be a clinical risk factor in terms of enamel integrity because of biofilm accumulation on increasing levels of mutansstreptococi and lactobacilli were detected in the oral cavity folowing orthodontic treaments. Orthodontic wire which is used for long time during orthodontic treatment tends to increase the level of microorganism in the oral cavity. Garcia Mangostana L. commonly known as mangosteen, is a tropical evergreen tree , presumed to have a combination of appealing subjective characteristics, such as taste, fragrance and visual qualities, nutrient richness, antioxidant strength and potential impact for lowering risk of human diseases. Its pericarp contains a veriety of xanthones, such as -, -, -mangosteen which have remarkable biological activities. Among these, -mangosteen has the most antibacterial activity. Extract from its pericarp has demonstrated antibacterial activity againts a wide variety of microorganism including Stphylococcusaereus(both normal and methicilin-resistant), Staphylococusepidermidis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhimurium, Enterococcus species, Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Propionibacterium acnes.Since S.mutansexists almost exclusively in oral bioffilms and is considered the primary etiologic agent of human dental caries, we evaluated the effect of Mangosteen pericarp extract on biofilm formation by S.mutans on orthodontic wire in vitro.

We examined the effect of pericarp extract of Garciniamangostanalinnon dental biofilm formation using Streptococusmutanson the surface of orthodontic wire. The purpose using saliva in this study was to cover the specimens with a pellicle. The initial conditioning salivary coat plays and important role in bacterial adsorption to surfaces as the absorbed proteins can manipulate bacterial adhesion to the conditioning film. Albumin , a protein found in the saliva, is an inhibitor of hydrophobic interactions, and was implicated in bacterial adhesion mediated by hydrophobic interactions. Amylase, another salivary protein, has been shown to promote bacterial adhesion by inducing specific interactions with several types of Streptococci. Mangosteen pericarp extract containing several xanthones such as , and mangosteen, gartinin and iso mangosteen. Chemical laboratory test result in this study was shown the pericarp extract mangosteen containing xhanton (4.91%) , saponin (3,82%) , tanin (9,24%) , mangostin (8,74%) and mangostanin (11,88%). The chemical components of the extract often vary depending upon the extraction protocol. When using 40% ethanol as solvent , the extract containing 10% mangostin and 12% mangostin. Another study using ethyl acetate as solvent reported that the extract was composed of 77,8% -mangostin and 15,9% -mangosteen. Among xanthonederivates from mangosteen extract, -mangostin has been shown by several study to exert the most potent antibacterial activity. The possible explanation from this study is the mangostin contained the pericarp extract of garciniamangostana might be plays an important role to inhibit biofilm formation on the surface of orthodontic wire. Further studies are still required to clarify the mechanism inhibition of biofilm formation on the surface of orthodontic wire by using pericarp extracts of Garciniamangostana.