Human Development Report 2009 - HDI rankings Very High High Medium Low Human Human Human Human

Developme Develop Develop Developmen nt ment ment t

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Norway Australia Iceland Canada Ireland Netherland s 7. Sweden 8. France 9. Switzerlan d 10. Japan 11. Luxembour g 12. Finland 13. United States 14. Austria 15. Spain 16. Denmark 17. Belgium 18. Italy 19. Liechtenste in 20. New Zealand 21. United Kingdom 22. Germany 23. Singapore 24. Hong Kong, China 39. Bahrain 40. Estonia 41. Poland 42. Slovakia 43. Hungary 44. Chile 45. Croatia 46. Lithuania 47. Antigua and Barbuda 48. Latvia 49. Argentina 50. Uruguay 51. Cuba 52. Bahamas 53. Mexico 54. Costa Rica 55. Libyan Arab Jamahiriya 56. Oman 57. Seychelles 58. Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) 59. Saudi Arabia 60. Panama 61. Bulgaria 62. Saint Kitts and Nevis 84. Armenia 85. Ukraine 86. Azerbaijan 87. Thailand 88. Iran (Islamic Republic of) 89. Georgia 90. Dominican Republic 91. Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 92. China 93. Belize 94. Samoa 95. Maldives 96. Jordan 97. Suriname 98. Tunisia 99. Tonga 100. Jamaica 101. Paraguay 102. Sri Lanka 103. Gabon 104. Algeria 105. Philippine s 106. El Salvador 107. Syrian Arab Republic 108. Fiji 109. Turkmenis tan

159. Togo 160. Malawi 161. Benin 162. Timor Leste 163. Cte d'Ivoire 164. Zambia 165. Eritrea 166. Senegal 167. Rwanda 168. Gambia 169. Liberia 170. Guinea 171. Ethiopia 172. Mozambi que 173. GuineaBissau 174. Burundi 175. Chad 176. Congo (Democratic Republic of the) 177. Burkina Faso 178. Mali 179. Central African Republic 180. Sierra Leone 181. Afghanist an

(SAR) 25. Greece 26. Korea (Republic of) 27. Israel 28. Andorra 29. Slovenia 30. Brunei Darussala m 31. Kuwait 32. Cyprus 33. Qatar 34. Portugal 35. United Arab Emirates 36. Czech Republic 37. Barbados 38. Malta

63. Romania 64. Trinidad and Tobago 65. Montenegr o 66. Malaysia 67. Serbia 68. Belarus 69. Saint Lucia 70. Albania 71. Russian Federation 72. The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia 73. Dominica 74. Grenada 75. Brazil 76. Bosnia and Herzegovi na 77. Colombia 78. Peru 79. Turkey 80. Ecuador 81. Mauritius 82. Kazakhsta n 83. Lebanon

110. Occupied Palestinian Territories 111. Indonesia 112. Honduras 113. Bolivia 114. Guyana 115. Mongolia 116. Viet Nam 117. Moldova 118. Equatorial Guinea 119. Uzbekista n 120. Kyrgyzsta n 121. Cape Verde 122. Guatemala 123. Egypt 124. Nicaragua 125. Botswana 126. Vanuatu 127. Tajikistan 128. Namibia 129. South Africa 130. Morocco 131. So Tom and Principe 132. Bhutan 133. Lao, People's Dem. Rep. 134. India 135. Solomon Islands 136. Congo 137. Cambodia 138. Myanmar 139. Comoros 140. Yemen 141. Pakistan 142. Swaziland 143. Angola 144. Nepal

182.

Niger

145. Madagasc ar 146. Banglades h 147. Kenya 148. Papua New Guinea 149. Haiti 150. Sudan 151. Tanzania, U. Rep. of 152. Ghana 153. Cameroon 154. Mauritania 155. Djibouti 156. Lesotho 157. Uganda 158. Nigeria

Note: The HDI rankings featured above were published in the latest Human Development Report 2009, Overcoming barriers: Human mobility and development. The data can be accessed here and are for the year 2007. The HDI categories are defined based on values. The cut-off points for each category are: Low HDI (0.000 to 0.499), Medium HDI (0.500 to 0.799), High HDI (0.800 to 0.899), Very High HDI (0.900 to 1.000).

Human Development Report 2009 India The Human Development Index - going beyond income
Each year since 1990 the Human Development Report has published the human development index (HDI) which looks beyond GDP to a broader definition of well-being. The HDI provides a composite measure of three dimensions of human development: living a long and healthy life (measured by life expectancy), being educated (measured by adult literacy and gross enrolment in education) and having a decent standard of living (measured by purchasing power parity, PPP, income). The index is not in any sense a comprehensive measure of human development. It does not, for example, include important indicators such as gender or income inequality nor more difficult to measure concepts like respect for human rights and political freedoms. What it does provide is a broadened prism for viewing human progress and the complex relationship between income and well-being. Of the components of the HDI, only income and gross enrolment are somewhat responsive to short term policy changes. For that reason, it is important to examine changes in the human development index over time. The human development index trends tell an important story in that respect. Between 1980 and 2007 India's HDI rose by 1.33% annually from 0.427 to 0.612 today. HDI scores in all regions have increased progressively over the years (Figure 1) although all have experienced periods of slower growth or even reversals.

Figure 1: HDI Trends

This year's HDI, which refers to 2007, highlights the very large gaps in well-being and life chances that continue to divide our increasingly interconnected world. The HDI for India is 0.612, which gives the country a rank of 134 th out of 182 countries with data (Table 1). Table 1: Indias human development index 2007 Combined Adult literacy rate Life expectancy at gross GDP per capita HDI value birth enrolment ratio (% ages 15 and (PPP US$) (years) above) (%) 1. Norway 1. Georgia 1. Australia 1. Liechtenstein 1. Japan (82.7) (0.971) (100.0) (114.2) (85,382) 118. Congo 132. 132. Bhutan 126. Turkmenistan (Democratic 126. Cape Verde Madagascar (0.619) (64.6) Republic of the) (3,041) (61.3) (67.2) 133. Lao 127. Lao People's 119. Egypt (66.4) 133. Trinidad 127. Guyana

People's Democratic and Tobago Democratic (2,782) Republic (64.6) (61.1) Republic (0.619) 134. India 134. India 128. India (63.4) 120. India (66.0) 128. India (2,753) (0.612) (61.0) 135. Solomon 121. Ghana 135. Morocco 129. Viet Nam 129. Yemen (62.5) Islands (0.610) (65.0) (61.0) (2,600) 136. Congo 122. Rwanda 136. Nepal 130. Nicaragua 130. Togo (62.2) (0.601) (64.9) (60.8) (2,570) 181. Congo 182. Niger 176. Afghanistan 177. Djibouti (Democratic 151. Mali (26.2) (0.340) (43.6) (25.5) Republic of the) (298) By looking at some of the most fundamental aspects of peoples lives and opportunities the HDI provides a much more complete picture of a country's development than other indicators, such as GDP per capita. Figure 2 illustrates that countries on the same level of HDI can have very different levels of income or that countries with similar levels of income can have very different HDIs. Figure 2: The human development index gives a more complete picture than income

Human poverty: focusing on the most deprived in multiple dimensions of poverty

The HDI measures the average progress of a country in human development. The Human Poverty Index (HPI-1), focuses on the proportion of people below certain threshold levels in each of the dimensions of the human development index - living a long and healthy life, having access to education, and a decent standard of living. By looking beyond income deprivation, the HPI-1 represents a multi-dimensional alternative to the $1.25 a day (PPP US$) poverty measure. The HPI-1 value of 28.0% for India, ranks 88th among 135 countries for which the index has been calculated. The HPI-1 measures severe deprivation in health by the proportion of people who are not expected to survive to age 40. Education is measured by the adult illiteracy rate. And a decent standard of living is measured by the unweighted average of people not using an improved water source and the proportion of children under age 5 who are underweight for their age. Table 2 shows the values for these variables for India and compares them to other countries. Table 2: Selected indicators of human poverty for India Children Probability of Adult illiteracy People not using Human Poverty underweight for not surviving to rate (%ages 15 an improved Index (HPI-1) age (% aged under age 40 (%) and above) water source (%) 5) 1. Hong Kong, 1. Czech China (SAR) 1. Georgia (0.0) 1. Barbados (0) 1. Croatia (1) Republic (1.5) (1.4) 118. Congo 86. Djibouti 103. Bolivia (Democratic 74. Kyrgyzstan 135. Yemen (46) (25.6) (13.9) Republic of the) (11) (32.8) 87. Cambodia 104. Bhutan 75. Syrian Arab 136. Timor-Leste 119. Egypt (33.6) (27.7) (14.2) Republic (11) (46)

88. India (28.0) 89. Ghana (28.1) 90. Malawi (28.2) 135. Afghanistan (59.8)

105. India 120. India (34.0) 76. India (11) (15.5) 106. Yemen 121. Ghana (35.0) 77. China (12) (15.6) 107. Papua New 122. Rwanda 78. Samoa (12) Guinea (15.9) (35.1) 153. Lesotho (47.4) 151. Mali (73.8) 150. Afghanistan (78)

137. India (46) 138. Bangladesh (48)

Building the capabilities of women

The HDI measures average achievements in a country, but it does not incorporate the degree of gender imbalance in these achievements. The gender-related development index (GDI), introduced in Human Development Report 1995, measures achievements in the same dimensions using the same indicators as the HDI but captures inequalities in achievement between women and men. It is simply the HDI adjusted downward for gender inequality. The greater the gender disparity in basic human development, the lower is a country's GDI relative to its HDI. India's GDI value, 0.594 should be compared to its HDI value of 0.612. Its GDI value is 97.1% of its HDI value. Out of the 155 countries with both HDI and GDI values, 138 countries have a better ratio than India's. Table 3 shows how Indias ratio of GDI to HDI compares to other countries, and also shows its values for selected underlying indicators in the calculation of the GDI. Table 3: The GDI compared to the HDI a measure of gender disparity Adult literacy rate (% Combined primary, Life expectancy at GDI as % of HDI ages 15 and older) secondary and tertiary birth(years) 2004 2004 gross enrolment ratio2004 Female as % male Female as % male Female as % male 1. Mongolia 1. Russian 1. Lesotho (122.5%) 1. Cuba (121.0%) (100.0%) Federation (121.7%) 137. United Arab 151. Cte d'Ivoire 121. Sudan (72.8%) 140. Senegal (90.0%) Emirates (97.2%) (104.7%) 138. Sierra Leone 122. Guinea-Bissau 152. Malta (104.7%) 141. Sudan (89.3%) (97.1%) (72.5%) 139. India 153. India (104.7%) 123. India (70.9%) 142. India (89.3%) (97.1%) 140. Sudan 154. Africa 124. Eritrea (69.6%) 143. Burundi (89.3%) (97.0%) (104.4%)

155. Occupied 125. Congo Palestinian (Democratic Republic 144. Congo (89.1%) Territories (104.4%) of the) (66.8%) 155. Afghanistan 190. Swaziland 145. Afghanistan 175. Afghanistan (55.6%) (88.0%) (98.0%) (29.2%) 141. (97.0%) Benin

Migration
Every year, millions of people cross national or international borders seeking better living standards. Most migrants, internal and international, reap gains in the form of higher incomes, better access to education and health, and improved prospects for their children. Most of the worlds 195 million international migrants have moved from one developing country to another or between developed countries. India has an emigration rate of 0.8%. The major continent of destination for migrants from India is Asia with 72.0% of emigrants living there. Table 4: Emigrants Origin of migrants Emigration (%) 45.3 10.6 2.2 rate Major continent of destination for (%) migrants Asia 46.6 Asia 91.4 Asia 72.5 Northern America Asia Asia Europe Asia Asia Europe 39.6 72.0 38.9 40.7 43.3 78.0 33.4

1. Antigua and Barbuda 53. Afghanistan 146. Pakistan 156. Iran (Islamic Republic 1.3 of) 169. India 0.8 180. Maldives 0.4 181. Mongolia 0.3 Global aggregates Medium human 1.9 development South Asia 1.6 World 3.0

The United States is host to nearly 40 million international migrants more than any other country though as a share of total population it is Qatar which has the most migrants more than 4 in every 5 people are migrants. In India, there are 5,886.9 thousand migrants which represent 0.5% of the total population. Table 5: Immigrants Destination of Immigrant migrants (thousands) 1. United States 39,266.5

stock Destination migrants 1. Qatar

of Immigrants as a share of population (%) 2005 80.5

7. India 5,886.9 12. Pakistan 3,554.0 20. Iran (Islamic 2,062.2 Republic of) 180. Maldives 3.2 182. Vanuatu 1.0 Global aggregates South Asia 13,847.0 Medium human 40,948.6 development World 195,245.4

70. Bhutan 144. Maldives 153. Bangladesh 158. India 167. Afghanistan

5.7 1.1 0.7 0.5 0.4

182. China

0.0

South Asia 0.9 Medium human 0.8 development World 3.0

Remittances
Remittances, which are usually sent to immediate family members who have stayed behind, are among the most direct benefits from migration; their benefits spread broadly into local economies. They also serve as foreign exchange earnings for the origin countries of migrants. However, remittances are unequally distributed. Of the total US$370 billion remitted in 2007, more than half went to countries in the medium human development category against less than one per cent to low human development countries. In 2007, US$35,262 million in remittances were sent to India. Average remittances per person were US$30, compared with the average for South Asia of US$33. (See Table 6 for more details.) Table 6: Remittances Total remittance inflows(US$ millions) Remittances per capita(US$) 1. Luxembourg 3,355 67. Sri Lanka 131 98. Bangladesh 41 102. Pakistan 37 1. India 35,262 106. India 30 15. Bangladesh 6,562 126. Iran (Islamic Republic of) 16 17. Pakistan 5,998 133. Maldives 10 151. Maldives 3 157. Burundi 0 157. Burundi 0 Global aggregates South Asia 53,201 South Asia 33 Medium human development 189,093 Medium human development 44 World 370,765 World 58

India was mentioned in the Report in pages 1, 3, 13, 17, 22, 27, 28, 33, 34, 36, 38, 41, 42, 45, 50, 51, 54, 56, 58, 65, 71, 73, 76, 77, 78, 82, 86, 90, 101, 104, 106, 107, 109, 113, 114, and 115. Use this link to access the complete set of country data.