Mission Nutrition

Mission Nutrition for Combat Effectiveness!
Deuster/Kemmer/Tubbs/Zeno
Overview!
Nutritional Readiness Before Missions! Sustained Night Operations! Nutritional Readiness During Missions! Missions in the Heat! Missions in the Cold! Missions at Altitude! Missions in Water and at Depth! Mission Scenarios!
Nutritional Readiness Before Missions!

Maximize glycogen stores!
Low glycogen stores = fatigue! Eat 2 - 4g of CHO/pound weight 3 - 4 hrs before an operation! Consume at least 400 g CHO/day! Minimize fat intake!
Be well-hydrated!
Sustained Night Operations!

Sustained Operations (SUSOPS)!
Work periods of 12 hours! Expect physical and mental fatigue, sleep loss!
Continuous Operations (CONOPS)!

Expect periods of uninterrupted activity followed by some sleep!
Missions include SUSOPS and CONOPS!

Expect fatigue and sleep deprivation!
Sustained Night Operations!

Nutritional Concerns!
CHO intake! Maintain hydration status! Monitor caffeine intake!
Energy Intake and SUSOPS!

5070% of energy from CHO! 10-20% of energy from protein! 20-35% of energy from fat! Consume high CHO snacks and/or CHO-containing uid replacement beverages!
To maintain blood glucose and delay fatigue!
Tryptophan and SUSOPS!

Avoid foods high in the amino acid tryptophan, which promotes sleep! Foods High in Tryptophan!
Dairy products and eggs! Seafood! Poultry! Meats! Beans and Lentils! Soy products! Whole grains! Rice! Hazelnuts, Peanuts! Sesame and sunower seeds!
Hydration and SUSOPS!

Adequate intake of water is ~3.7 L (almost a gallon)/day! Beverages consumed should be 8% CHO (< 19g/8oz or 80 grams/L)! SOF operators need a lot of water!
Caffeine and SUSOPS!

Increases alertness and may delay fatigue! Common dose effective for maintaining performance and vigilance is 200 mg! Stay Alert gum in the Military contains 100 mg per chicklet!
Current recommendation: 2 chicklets every 2 hrs! Effects of caffeine wears off within 6 hrs!
Factors causing variability in effective dose!

Habitual caffeine intake! Sensitivity to caffeine!
Nutritional-Related Issues During Missions!

Inadequate ration consumption! Inadequate energy intake! Dehydration! Gastrointestinal complaints!
Rations and Mission Readiness!

Inadequate ration and energy intake!
Causes !
Monotony! Lack of time!
Results!
Weight loss! Fatigue!
Prevention!
Consume as much of each part of) the ration as possible to maximize nutrient intake for performance!
Dehydration and Mission Readiness!

Causes!
Occurs in any condition/environment if sweat and urine losses are not replaced by uids!
Consequences!
Decreased appetite ! Lethargy!
Prevention!
Drink about 4L of uid per day! Drink more when environment is hot!
Gastrointestinal Complaints During Missions!

Causes!
Stress/Changes in diet! Dehydration! Too much ber! Poor sanitary conditions! Contaminated food! Unfamiliar bacteria!
Prevention!
Stay hydrated at all times! Avoid non-issue foods whenever possible!
Missions in the Heat!

Maintain uid and electrolyte balance by:!
Knowing temperature and humidity! Adjusting work rate! Being acclimated! Being aware of rate and volume of uid intake! Monitoring urine color!
Energy intake by 10% when working and living in 86 to 104 F (30-40C), unless activity level decreases accordingly!
Hydration and Missions in the Heat!

Dark yellow (7 - 9) and smelly urine suggest dehydration!
B vitamins may cause urine to be bright (not pale) yellow, regardless of hydration status!
uid consumption until urine becomes pale yellow (1 - 3)!
Electrolytes and Missions in the Heat!

Excessive loss of electrolytes through sweat may result in: !
Muscle cramps! Severe medical problems!
Preventive measures during and after missions:!

Eat snacks with sodium and potassium! Consume uids with electrolytes! Consider electrolytes in SportStrips and gels! Eat foods naturally high in sodium (salt) and potassium (dried foods)!
Missions in the Cold!

In cold environments, blood vessels tighten to conserve heat and shivering is initiated to generate heat resulting in:!
Increased urine output! Increased energy metabolism!
Nutritional considerations!
Energy intake! Glycogen stores! Fluid status! Vitamin and mineral needs!
Energy Intake and Missions in the Cold!

Energy requirements can increase 25-50% during cold weather operations as compared to warm weather operations! Factors that increase caloric intake:!
Added exertion due to wearing heavy gear! Shivering! Traveling over snow and icy terrain! Increased activity to keep warm !
Energy Intake and Missions in the Cold!

Fat and CHO are critical energy sources!!
50-60% of energy from CHO! 30-35% of energy from fat! 10-20% of energy from protein!
High protein diets are not advised!

Increase uid requirements!
Ingest foods that produce heat!

CHO produces more heat than fat or protein! Hot beverages increase body temperature!
CHO and Missions in the Cold!

Glycogen stores!
A minimum of 400 grams of CHO per day is necessary in cold weather!
Fluids and Missions in the Cold!

Dehydration common in cold weather:!
urine output! uid loss through breathing! Involuntary reduction in uid intake! Sweating!
Hence, drink plenty of water!

Vitamins and Minerals and Missions in the Cold! Higher requirements for some vitamins and minerals due to:!
energy metabolism (e.g. thiamin)! urinary loses (magnesium, zinc)!
Prevention!
Eat all ration components!
Missions at Altitude!
Major nutritional concerns!
Weight loss! CHO intake! Dehydration! Oxidative Stress!
Weight Loss and Missions at Altitude!

Altitudes < 5,000m: weight loss can be prevented by eating on a regular basis! Altitudes > 5,000m: a 5-10% weight loss is unavoidable, but intake critical! Energy requirements may increase 15-50% above requirements at sea level! Energy intake should range from 3,500-6,000 kcal per day (i.e. at least 4 MREs or 2 First Strike Rations per day)!
Weight Loss and Missions at Altitude!

energy needs to 115-150% of sea level!
sense of taste, which food intake! Changes in metabolism of fat and CHO! Loss of body water from breathing and dry air! Impaired absorption of nutrients! Acute Mountain Sickness (AMS)!
Nausea, vomiting, headache, and appetite!
CHO Needs and Missions at Altitude!

Repletes glycogen stores! Requires less oxygen than fat to yield energy ! Is most efcient energy source! Can blunt/delay progression/severity of AMS! Maintains blood glucose!
CHO must contribute to 50-70% of total energy or at least 400g of CHO per day!
Dehydration and Missions at Altitude!

respiratory losses due to ventilation! urine output due to altitude and cold temperature! Possible diarrheal uid losses! Failure to drink water! Poor access to water! Maintain a drinking schedule and monitor hydration status daily to avoid AMS!
Oxidative Stress and Missions at Altitude!

formation of reactive
oxidative species!
metabolic rate! Hypoxic conditions"
Preventive measures!
Vitamin E (400 IU/day) ! A combination of 500mg of Vitamin C, 200 IU of Vitamin E, and 300 mg of alpha-lipoic acid in the morning and evening may be effective!
Excessive use of antioxidants may be harmful!!

Missions in Water and at Depth!
Energy intake! Fluid intake! Mineral balance! Antioxidant balance!
Energy and Missions in Water and at Depth!

Increased energy expenditure due to:!
Greater resistance offered by water! efciency of movements when thermal protective clothing is worn!
CHO intake before an anticipated dive! Ingest CHO beverage or sports bar!
Hydration and Missions in Water and at Depth!

Fluid losses!
Immersion in water urinary excretion 2-10x above normal"
Drink uids before and after diving;" Consume beverages should with CHO when dives are longer than 2 hr "
Missions in Water and at Depth!

Mineral balance!
urinary losses of Mg, Ca, Zn, and Cr! Preventive measures:!
Consume foods containing these minerals!
Antioxidant losses!
Diving formation of reactive oxygen species! depth = O2 tension! Preventive measures!
Take 1g of vitamin C and 400 IU of vitamin E 2 hrs before extended dives ! Consume a diet high in natural antioxidants!
Mission Scenarios!
Performance can be sustained for weeks if:!
Energy intake > 2000kcal/day! CHO intake 300 g! Protein intake 60 g! Fluid status is maintained!
Sample nutritional plans in SOF manual!

Typical training day! SDV Operations! Unconventional Warfare! Special Reconnaissance! Nighttime Air Mission!
Nutrition Requirements Planning Guide !
For Monitoring Dehydration !
Key Points!
Primary ways to be nutritionally prepared for all missions!
Eat a high CHO diet! Be well hydrated! Eat CHO snacks every 2 to 3 hours to maintain blood glucose!

Mission Nutrition

Diunggah oleh

Informasi Dokumen

Deskripsi Asli:

Judul Asli

Hak Cipta

Format Tersedia

Bagikan dokumen Ini

Bagikan atau Tanam Dokumen

Opsi Berbagi

Apakah menurut Anda dokumen ini bermanfaat?

Apakah konten ini tidak pantas?

Hak Cipta:

Format Tersedia

Mission Nutrition

Diunggah oleh

Hak Cipta:

Format Tersedia

Mission Nutrition for Combat Effectiveness!

Nutritional Readiness Before Missions!

Sustained Night Operations!

Continuous Operations (CONOPS)!

Missions include SUSOPS and CONOPS!

Sustained Night Operations!

Energy Intake and SUSOPS!

Tryptophan and SUSOPS!

Hydration and SUSOPS!

Caffeine and SUSOPS!

Factors causing variability in effective dose!

Nutritional-Related Issues During Missions!

Rations and Mission Readiness!

Dehydration and Mission Readiness!

Gastrointestinal Complaints During Missions!

Missions in the Heat!

Hydration and Missions in the Heat!

uid consumption until urine becomes pale yellow (1 - 3)!

Electrolytes and Missions in the Heat!

Preventive measures during and after missions:!

Missions in the Cold!

Energy Intake and Missions in the Cold!

Energy Intake and Missions in the Cold!

High protein diets are not advised!

Ingest foods that produce heat!

CHO and Missions in the Cold!

Fluids and Missions in the Cold!

Hence, drink plenty of water!

Weight Loss and Missions at Altitude!

Weight Loss and Missions at Altitude!

CHO Needs and Missions at Altitude!

Dehydration and Missions at Altitude!

Oxidative Stress and Missions at Altitude!

Excessive use of antioxidants may be harmful!!

Missions in Water and at Depth!

Energy intake! Fluid intake! Mineral balance! Antioxidant balance!

Energy and Missions in Water and at Depth!

Hydration and Missions in Water and at Depth!

Missions in Water and at Depth!

Sample nutritional plans in SOF manual!

Nutrition Requirements Planning Guide !

For Monitoring Dehydration !

Anda mungkin juga menyukai