1 SUMMARY OF PROCEEDINGS OF

ONE DAY WORKSHOP ON EMERGING CHALLENGES FOR COMMUNITY OWNED MICROFINANCE ENTRPRISES IN TAMILNADU
(With a special focus on Draft Indian Microfinance Institutions (Development and Regulation) Bill 2011)

ORGANISED BY ERG Microfinance A division of ERG Consulting, Nagamalai Pudukottai,Madurai AND BHARATHI Women Development Centre, Kattur, Thiruvarur

Place: Golden Hall, Hotel Selvies, Tiruvarur Date: Tuesday, 3rd January 2011

2 SUMMARY OF PROCEEDINGS OF ONE DAY WORKSHOP ON EMERGING CHALLENGES FOR COMMUNITY OWNED MICROFINANCE ENTRPRISES IN TAMILNADU
(With a special focus on Draft Indian Microfinance Institutions (Development and Regulation) Bill 2011)

ORGANISED BY ERG MICROFINANCE SOLUTIONS (A division of ERG Consulting), Madurai and BHARATHI WOMEN DEVELOPMENT CENTRE, Thiruvarur Place: Hotel Selvies Thiruvarur, Thiruvarur District, Tamilnadu 600 019 Date: Tuesday, 3rd January 2012 Participants: Non Government Organisation, Micro Finance (NGO MFI) Participant name S.Shyamala M.Premananandan NGO/ Organisation Thanjai Jana Seva Bhavan Bharathi Women Development Centre - CCF Bharathi SHG federation Bharathi Women Development Centre SMFS - Subiksha Operational area and legal format 3 blocks in Thanjavur district in Society format 3 blocks in Nagaipattinam district in MBT format 10 blocks in Nagai, Thanjavur and Thiruvarur districts, in Society format. Also have an NBFC 2 blocks in Perambalur and 2 blocks in Ariyalur district with 5 MBTs, and 1 section 25 company 3 blocks in Cuddalore district with 3 MBTs as also an NBFC and a trust 3 blocks in Nagaipattinam district in a society format 4 MBTs federated to a Section 25 company format

M.Nagarajan R.Kannan S.Swaminathan

V.Nadanasabhapathy M.Murugaperumal M.Krishnakumar

CREED Sevalaya Namadudeepam Micro Finance Services

MICRO FINANCE CORPORATE AND BANKING ORGANISATIONS Participant name N.Ravishankar S.T. Ravikumar P.D. Suresh Shenoy R.Sridharan K.Sekhar Organisation National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development (NABARD) TATA AIG City Union Bank, Operational area and legal format Thiruvarur district, Government owned rural refinancing bank Thanjavur district, Government owned rural refinancing bank Multinational insurance corporate with local focus on Micro insurance delivery Private sector commercial bank, with pan Indian presence

(See exhibit one for contact details) Facilitators: S.Ananthanarayana Sharma, Rural management consultant and trainer, ERG Consulting Mr.T.T.Arun, Chief Executive Officer, ERG Microfinance Solutions

3 SCHEDULE OF THE WORKSHOP

Session number Time Time in minute s Session objective Resource Person

1 1 1 2 3

9.30 to 11.05 11.05 to 11.10 11.10 to 11.30 11.30 to 12.00 12.00 to 12.45 12.45 to 13.30

Registration 5 20 30 45 45 Inaugural talk Self introduction and purpose of workshop Introduction to participants microfinance operations Microfinance sector in Tamilnadu- A perspective Andhrapradesh crisis and Malegam Committee Response

Karthikeyan, BWDC M.Nagarajan, BWDC TT Arun, ERG MF solutions S.Ananthanarayana Sharma (Ananth) Arun Anant

13.30 to 14.20 14.20 to 15.15 15.15 to 16.00

LUNCH 55 Andhrapradesh crisis and Malegam Committee Response Draft Indian Micro finance Institutions development and regulation bill 2011 and RBI notifications (2nd Dec & 19th Dec) Anant

45

Anant

16.00 to 16.50 16.50 to 17.25 17.25 to 17.30 Total time

45

35

Planning for the new challenges and opportunities Concluding remarks

Anant

NABARD officers, Ravishankar and Ravikumar

330

(five and half hours)

4
SESSION WISE PROCESSES REGISTRATION Time 9.30 to 11.00 Spot registration was organised by Bharathi Women Development Centre, (BWDC) at the entrance of the venue of the workshop Golden Room, in Hotel Selvies, Thiruvarur. Mr.Karthikayan ran the registration desk under the supervision of Mr. Kannan, (Operations manager microfinance). He registered participants, through a one page format, which collected details. The participants also signed their names on the attendance sheet, after paying the registration fees, either by cheque or as cash. After registration they received the workshop kit, containing all the material to be used in the sessions.. SESSION ONE INTRODUCTION TO WORKSHOP, PURPOSE OF WORKSHOP AND SHARING MICROFINANCE EXPERIENCES Time 11.05 to 12.00 ( 55 minutes) Facilitator Mr.Nagarajan, Mr.T.T.Arun, Mr.S.Ananthanarayana Sharma Methodology Lecture, sharing of experiences Teaching material 1) Invitation sheet to workshop (2 pages) 2) Schedule of workshop (1 page) 3) White Board Mr.Nagarajan, Chief Executive Officer (BWDC) delivered the inaugural address in chaste Tamil. He said that the workshop had been organised at a very short period. Only people directly affected by the regulations and working in the Cauvery Delta region had been invited. 15 NGOs working on microfinance had been invited and 12 had responded. A new category of NGO MFI had been created, which had brought in many new issues. New rules have been created which we have to obey. (At this stage S.Ananthanarayana Sharma (Anant hereafter) enquired how many Non Banking Finance Companies NBFC (MFI) - were participating. BWDC (Thiruvarur) and CREED (Chidambaram) had purchased NBFCs, with an intention to convert them to NBFC (MFI)) Nagarajan stated that an orientation was required on the new RBI regulations. He expected some light to be shown like a torch lit at night. He welcomed the two NABARD district managers (Thiruvarur and Thanjavur) who were attending the workshop. The participants then did a self introduction. The details of the 6 NGOs present, were recorded on the Board by Anant. Arun then narrated his experiences with the Kerala Horticulture Development Board program, in integrating microfinance with marketing of fruits and vegetables. He also shared his experiences in introducing micro insurance through MFIs, during his stint at TATA AIG. He introduced ERG Consulting as a management and technology consulting firm. Apart from working with mainstream micro, small and medium industries, ERG Consulting also had a division exclusively for microfinance. ERG Consulting was interested in initiating producer companies, through capital mobilised from microfinance. He shared the experiences in designing the transformation of a large network of SHGs in North Tamilnadu run by an NGO which ran many schools and colleges. He said that were fast changes in RBI regulations. This was unusual in Government regulatory bodies, and showed the seriousness of purpose Anant then asked each NGO MFI participant to give the salient details of the MFI operations, which were recorded on the white board, as under

5
Legal format Society, only bank linkage MBT

NGO/ Organisation Thanjai Jana Seva Bhavan Bharathi Women Development Centre - CCF Bharathi SHG federation Bharathi Women Development Centre

Address 48/90, Anna Colony, Pattukottai Road, Thanjavur -613001

Operational area 3 blocks in Thanjavur district

SHGs

1,500

Chetty Street, Velankanni, Nagai district Kattur Post, Thiruvarur district Veppanthatai, Perambalur district. 621116

3 blocks in Nagaipattinam district 10 blocks in Nagai, Thanjavur and Thiruvarur districts, 2 blocks in Perambalur and 2 blocks in Ariyalur district Society. Also has an NBFC 5 MBTs, and 1 section 25 company

70

3,500

3,000 Trust, also Three MBTs, 23, Renganathan Nagar, federated Chidambaram, 608001, 3 blocks in Cuddalore to an CREED Cuddalore district district NBFC 3,000 Society, 2/213, Keelagudi street, only bank Thirukkuvalai, 3 blocks in Nagapattinam district Nagaipattinam district linkage Sevalaya 610204 in a society format 1,000 4 MBTs federated to a Namadudeepam 260, Public office, 7 blocks in Nagai, Section Micro Finance Vellipalayam, Thanjavur and 25 Services Nagaipattinam -611001 Thiruvarur districts company 3,800 TOTAL 15,870 (Note MBT = Mutual Benefit Trust, NBFC = Non Banking Financial Company) Anant noted that if each Self Help Group (SHG) had an average of say 13 members, the total number of women covered by these NGOs, would be around 15870 x 13 = 206,310. Assuming atleast `100,000 in portfolio, the minimum funds handled by these SHGs would be atleast 15,870 x 100,000 = `1587,000,000 that is around one hundred and fifty crores, or one and half billion Indian rupees. (around 32 million US $). The NGOs present together seemed to have five companies in corporate formats 3 in section 25 not for profit, and two as NBFC (MFI). There appeared to exist 13 SHG federations, registered as Mutual Benefit Trusts. It appeared that the direct/ bulk lending by these various legal formats would be around twenty crore rupees (`200,000,000). The challenge was to ensure that these funds representing the hard earned capital of rural poor women were protected and enhanced in the new regulatory regimes. SESSION TWO MICROFINANCE SECTOR IN TAMILNADU- A PERSPECTIVE Time 12.00 to 12.45 (45 minutes) Facilitator Mr.T.T.Arun,

SMFS - Subiksha

6
Methodology Powerpoint presentation Teaching material 1) Sector perspective, microfinance in Tamilnadu, written by S.Ananthanarayana Sharma (8 pages) 2) Mrs.Devyani Srinivasan comments on the microfinance sector note from a gender empowerment perspective. ( 2 pages) 3) Powerpoint presentation on the note, prepared by T.T.Arun Arun ran his powerpoint presentation around the microfinance sector perspective in Tamilnadu. SESSION THREE ANDHRAPRADESH CRISIS AND MALEGAM COMMITTEE RESPONSE Time 12.45 to 13.30 and 14.20 to 15.15 (100 minutes) Facilitator Mr.S.Ananthanarayana Sharma (Anant) Methodology Group discussions, plenary presentation Teaching material 1) Malegam committee Report (54 pages) 2) Where is the self help group bank linkage model heading Oct 7th blog by Ramesh Arunachalam ( 5 pages) 3) Crisis at the Bottom of the Pyramid Legatum Ventures May 2011 paper (11 pages) 4) Turf war or a battle of intentions -Intellicap white paper October 2010 ( 8 pages) 5) News article and Moneylife blog on Sahayata Microfinance by Ramesh Arunachalam Nov 18 2011 ( 5 pages) 6) White Board Anant split the participants into two groups. One group represented professionals from TATA AIG and NABARD.( 5 members). The other group had the NGO MFI leaders and microfinance managers ( 8 members). The participants were asked to read the various material and structure the discussions, around two questions What happened in Andhra Pradesh Summarise the Malegam committee report The group worked till lunch. The plenary was after lunch. The NGO participants presented the findings on what happened in Andhra Pradesh. The professional group presented the summary of Malegam committee report. Anant initially asked the participants to appreciate the time line of the events, which he noted on the white board as under 2006 Krishna district crisis around alleged suicides due to MFI lending October 2010 Andhra Pradesh ordinance bringing MFIs under the money lending act 15 October 2010 Malegam committee constituted 19 Jan 2010 Malegam committee report submitted 20 June 2011 RBI submits draft bill for discussions and legislative approval To facilitate understanding, Anant recorded the presentations on the white board in two columns. The first column had the facts of the Andhra Pradesh crisis, as reported by the NGO participants. Against each fact, the recommendations of the Malegam committee report, was sought to be equated to show some sort of a cause effect relationship between Andhra Pradesh MFI ordinance and the Malegam Committee report recommendations. The following reflects the discussions. WHAT HAPPENED IN ANDHRA PRADESH Focus on women borrower suicides High loans for consumption, low livelihood focus Multiple loans by individual borrowers High interest rates 36% to 60% per annum. KEY RECOMMENDATIONS OF MALEGAM 75% of loans should be for income generation One person can be a member of only one SHG. Only two MFI loans can be given any one borrower Interest rate and margins prescribed. For MFIs

7
with more then 100 crore portfolio (one billion Indian rupees) the net interest margin cap is 10%. For MFIs with less then this portfolio the net interest margin cap would be 12% The maximum interest rate that can be charged would be 24%. Transparency in fees/charges. Only 1% service charges, and no profits on insurance premiums collected. Common spot for recovery. Code of conduct for MFI

Lack of awareness of borrowers on MFI products. No capacity building for borrowers. Forced/ coercive recovery/ repayment SHGs split into Joint Liability Groups, or into individual borrowers. Elimination of the word empowerment. Elimination of savings, and SHG meetings No credit need assessment done for borrowers. No proper client rating. Transformed from community development to an exclusively for profit orientation. Was this an issue of scale and viability? Should sustainability and profitability be differentiated? Ordinance meant to protect and promote Government sponsored SHGs Loan product designed as per MFI needs, not as per client need. Reflected in tenor, interest rate, repayment schedules. No regulation/ norms for entry and exit. No regulations on business models that can be followed or on operational methods for recovery

More stringent reporting norms on portfolio

Separate category of NBFC (MFI) to be created. Criterion is that 90% of assets should be for microfinance. Definition of micro finance as Value of loan less then `25,000 Tenor should be atmost 12 months for loans upto `15,000 and 24 months for loans upto `25,000 Income of borrower should be less then `50,000 per annum The total loan portfolio of a borrower is capped at `25,000 No collateral should be demanded for the loan

MFIs were wrongly influenced in the name of financial inclusion. Wrong funds pumped in through wrong products. MFI corporates exploited loopholes under priority sector lending Unregulated competition between SHG/ Bank linkage model and NBFC MFI model Strong policy advocacy by NBFC MFIs.

8
SESSION FOUR DRAFT INDIAN MICRO FINANCE INSTITUTIONS DEVELOPMENT AND REGULATION BILL 2011 AND RBI NOTIFICATIONS (2ND DEC & 19TH DEC) Time 15.15 TO 16.50 (95 minutes) Facilitator Mr.S.Ananthanarayana Sharma Methodology Group discussions, plenary presentation Teaching material. th 1) The Microfinance Institutions (Development and Regulations) Bill, 2011 as on 20 June 2011 (35 pages) drafted by the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) 2) Introduction of new category of NBF C(MFIs) RBI notification on 2nd December 2011 (12 pages) 3) ECB for MFIs and NGOs under the automatic route RBI notification on 19th December 2011 (4 pages) 4) Indias microfinance bill offers a mixed bag to investors Vineet Rai paper in CGAP.org Aug 4 2011 (4 pages ) 5) Micro messing Business India (June 26 2011) news article, (1 page) Anant followed a similar process as that of the earlier session. Two groups were formed, one consisting of NGO leaders, and another of microfinance professionals working in NABARD, TATA AIG and CUB. The participants spent around 45 minutes in discussion and around 50 minutes in the plenary discussions. Anant started the discussions by reminding the participants that there had been an earlier attempt to regulate the MFI sector. The bill drafted by Sa DHAN an association representing corporate MFIs in Delhi had sought to put the regulatory burden on NABARD. This had been opposed mainly by Mr.Rama Reddy, a cooperative movement leader in Hyderabad. The bill introduced in the previous Lok Sabha had lapsed, with the end of the term of the Parliament in 2009. No attempt had been made to reintroduce the bill. The Andhra Pradesh crisis seemed to have catalysed the RBI to pass these acts and ordinances. Due to paucity of time, the NABARD officers took the lead, in presenting the salient details of the RBI act. These were noted on the white board, by Anant, as underCreates a statutory framework for MFIs with a legal backing Some of the norms are irrespective of the legal format used. Example is the definition of micro finance services, in terms of micro credit, thrift, pension and insurance Micro Finance Council to be set up at the Centre and in the States Compulsory registration of MFIs irrespective of organisation legal form. Transacting business would be prohibited without registration. The condition for registration is a minimum amount of `500,000 (five lakh Indian rupees) of net owned funds Category of a systemically important MFI. These need to be compulsory certified by a chartered accountant, within one month of preparation of the balance sheet. The definition would be based on portfolio (asset pattern ) and the number of clients. Systemically important MFIs have to compulsorily transform to a Section 25 legal format. Compulsory creation of reserve funds, before declaration of dividends Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has the powers to issue directives to individual MFIs and to a section / category as a whole. Net interest margin should be certified by a chartered accountant RBI can inspect and wind up MFI operations RBI can delegate its powers to NABARD Creation of an ombudsman The 2nd December 2011 RBI notification had prescribed the new category of NBFC (MFI). These NBFC MFIs have to have minimum share capital of `50,000,000 (five crore Indian rupees). The Malegam committee recommendations had been more or less followed in defining microfinance. Income limit - `60,000 (Sixty thousand) for rural villages and `120,000 (one hundred and twenty thousand) for urban areas Upper borrowing limit of `30,000 (thirty thousand) per loan

9
MFI Loan cap - Maximum amount of `35,000 (thirty five thousand) per individual from MFIs. Provision for increasing this to `50,000 for the second loan cycle Tenor for loans more then `15,000 (fifteen thousand) is 24 months Compulsory moratorium, linked to loan tenor. 75% of loans should be for livelihood purposes No collateral should be asked Loan card should be compulsorily issued Interest cap of 26%, with service charge of 1% No penalties for pre payments. The 19 December 2011 RBI notification had allowed trusts and societies to access upto US $ 10 million dollars, through the automatic route. Funds can be sourced from multilateral financial institutions. For trusts and societies, individuals can lend through ECB. SESSION FIVE PLANNING FOR THE NEW CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES Time 16.50 TO 17.25 (35 minutes) Facilitator Mr.S.Ananthanarayana Sharma Methodology Group discussions, plenary presentation Teaching material 1)White Board Anant asked each of the NGO participants to react, in terms of what could be planned in terms of the new MFI regulations of the RBI. The following were the reactions. Mrs. S. Shyamala (Thanjai Society) I am thinking of taking up microfinance directly through the society Mr.Premanandan (MBT) Will improve systems as per Malegam committee and RBI regulations. Mr.Nagarajan ( BWDC) Bankers can start asking questions as per RBI notifications. Legal status is good for business. Mr. Muruga Perumal (Sevalaya Society) Will start MFI Mr. Swaminathan (Swayam Seva) Will followup as per Malegam committee. Separate followup for the MBTs. Mr. Krishna Kumar (Namadu Deepam section 25 company) Will get ready for registration. There are opportunities for leverage borrowings. Mr. Natana Sabhapathy (CREED NBFC with 4 MBTs) NBFC MFI have to lobby to reduce capital limits, We plan to ask NABARD and SIDBI to help. Anant summarised his assessment for each of the NGO MFIs as under CREED and BWDC are NBFC (MFI)s and have to act immediately. They probably have till 31st March 2012 to comply with the new norms and regulations? Namadu Deepam is a section 25 company. They can plan for a transformation to an NBFC (MFI) with the savings they have in their MBTs.? Swayam Seva Not much information is available on current status. Thanjai Society, Sevalaya Society, and Bharathi MBT have to gear up to meet new reporting regulations. Have new opportunities. They have to plan very clearly what they wish to do? SESSION SIX CONCLUDING REMARKS Time 17.25 TO 17.30 (5 minutes) Facilitator Mr. Ravishankar and Mr.Ravikumar (NABARD officers) Methodology Lecture Teaching material None The NABARD officers concluded the workshop with the following comments.
th

10
Mr.Ravishankar (Thiruvarur district ) We are happy to have this opportunity to have met you all and interacted. RBI ordinance is an opportunity. Systems need to be followed. SHG systems include group lending, regular meetings, and bank passbook. We have to identify warning signals early and rectify. Mr. Ravikumar (Thanjavur district) I dont have your details and request you to inform me. Regulations, laws and norms are always there. But professional ethics means we should not violate norms. Gandhi said that there is enough for everyones need, but not for everyones greed. The reason for the crisis in Andhra Pradesh was greed. New opportunities have come. But please deal as human beings.

11
EXHIBIT ONE CONTACT DETAILS OF PARTICIPANTS Code THANJ 1 Participant name S.Shyamala NGO/ Organisation Thanjai Jana Seva Bhavan Address 48/90, Anna Colony, Pattukottai Road, Thanjavur 613001 Chetty Street, Velankanni, Nagai district Contact details Mobile 9443133974

NAGAI 1

M.Premananandan

THRVRUR 1

M.Nagarajan

Bharathi Women Development Centre - CCF Bharathi SHG federation Bharathi Women Development Centre Bharathi Women Development Centre SMFS - Subiksha

Mobile 9942985619

Kattur Post, Thiruvarur district Kattur Post, Thiruvarur district Veppanthatai, Perambalur district. 621116 23, Renganathan Nagar, Chidambaram , 608001, Cuddalore district 2/213, Keelagudi street, Thirukkuvalai, Nagapattinam district 610204 260, Public office, Vellipalayam, Nagaipattinam -611001 Address Thanjavur

Mobile 9942985600 Mobile 9942985600 Mobile 9942987741 email subiksha_org@redif fmail.com Mobile 9443262222 Email creed.ngo@gmail.c om

THRVRUR 1

R.Kannan

PERAM 1

S.Swaminathan

CUD 1

V.Nadanasabhapathy

CREED

NAGAI 2

M.Murugaperumal

Sevalaya

Mobile 9442545542 email sevalaya@rediffmail .com

NAGAI 3

M.Krishnakumar

Namadudeepam Micro Finance Services

Mobile 9150150400 Email avvaikk@hotmail.co m

Code NABARD1

Participant name S.T. Ravikumar

Organisation National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development

Contact details Mobile 9443380623 Email nbtntanj@gmail.co m

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NABARD 2 N.Ravishankar National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development Thiruvarur Mobile 9443316478 Email nabtvr@gmail.com

TATAIG 1 TATAIG 2 CUB

P.D. Suresh Shenoy R.Sridharan K.Sekhar

TATA AIG TATA AIG City Union Bank,

MG Road, Cochin Trichy Head office, Kumbakonam Reach Complex, Theni Road, Nagamalai Pudukottai, Madurai - 625 019

Mobile 9946186685 Mobile 9943902444 Mobile 9367722738 Landline - 04522456889, 2456546, Toll free- 1800 425 0435 Website www.eastresourceg roup.com

ERGMF ERGMF

S.Ananthanarayana Sharma T.T. Arun

ERG Consulting, Microfinance division

13 EXHIBIT TWO WRITTEN FEEDBACK FROM PARTICIPANTS

Session theme Teaching material Content of Discussion Teaching method Facilitation style Time management

RS Sector perspective on micro finance Andhra pradesh crisis and Malegam Committee Response Draft Indian Micro finance Institutions development and regulation bill 2011 Planning for the new challenges and opportunities RS = Raw score total NR -= Number of respondents SCORE = RS/NR (average) 45

NR 9

Sc ore

RS 45

NR 9

Sco re

RS 47

NR 9

Sco re

RS 47

NR 9

Sco re

RS 49

NR 9

Sc ore

5.0

5.0

5.2

5.2

5.4

59

11

5.4

59

11

5.4

60

11

5.5

58

11

5.3

57

11

5.2

61

11

5.5

60

11

5.5

65

5.9

54

11

4.9

61

11

5.5

11 52 10

5.2

53

10

5.3

52

10

5.2

56

10

5.6

54

10

5.4

QUALITATIVE FEEDBACK BY PARTICIPANTS QUALITITATIVE STATEMENT ON WORKSHOP DESIGN, AND PROCESSES

1) Need for registration (Mr.Krishna Kumar, CEO, Namadu Deepam MF services) 2) Power point presentation.

STATEMENT ON ONE IMPORTANT LEARNING FROM THE WORKSHOP

1) Bright opportunity available ( Mr.Krishna Kumar, CEO CEO, Namadu Deepam MF services) 2) I collect some important information about MFI. I am prepared to start MFI shortly (Mrs.S. Shyamala, Thanjai Jana Seva Bhavan) 3) The program is quite interesting. I have missed out a major part of the program. The study material given are very useful. (Mr. Sekhar, Microfinance manager from City Union Bank) 4) Clear about RBI bill 5) Act

14 OPEN ENDED STATEMENT ON COMMUNICATION DURING SESSIONS

1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 7) More time required (Nagarajan, BWDC) Good (Swaminathan of Subhiksha) Good (Krishna Kumar of Namada Deepam) Good (Shyamala of Thanjai Jana Seva Bhavan) Good (Murugaperumal of Sevalaya) Good (Ravishankar, NABARD, Thiruvarur) Good

OPEN ENDED STATEMENT ON DURATION OF SESSIONS

1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) Inadequate ( Nagarajan, BWDC) Good ( Swamthinathan of Subhiksha) Good (Krishna Kumar of Namada Deepam) Enough (Shyamala of Thanjai Jana Seva Bhavan) To know more things (Murugaperumal of Sevalaya) Good

OPEN ENDED STATEMENT ON TEA AND LUNCH

1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 7) Average food served. Should be carefully planned) (Nagarajan, BWDC) Good (Swaminathan of Subhiksha) Above average (Krishna Kumar of Namada Deepam) Good (Shyamala of Thanjai Jana Seva Bhavan) Good (Murugaperumal of Sevalaya) Average (Ravishankar, NABARD, Thiruvarur) Okay