International Journal of Automobile Engineering Research & Development (IJAuERD) ISSN 2277-4785 Vol.

3, Issue 2, Jun 2013, 15-22 TJPRC Pvt. Ltd.

TRIPLE SOURCE UTILIZATION OF MOTOR BIKE

DHINESH KUMAR.U, FRANCKLIN INBARAJ.A, MATHANPARTHIBAN.R & A.R.LAVANYA Sasurie College of Engineering, Vijayamangalam, Erode, Tamilnadu India

ABSTRACT
For the past 100 years we are using vehicles in separate form of petrol, gas or electricity and it exist as petrol bike, gas bike and E-bike. Now we incorporate Triple source utilization of motor bike with the source of petrol, gas, and battery backup. The sources include battery energy via dynamo and solar panel and EB supply. There are two sources for battery supply they are dynamo and solar panel. The dynamo charges the battery at running condition and solar panel charges at standby condition. The main sources are petrol and gas, and the additional source is battery backup.

KEYWORDS: Triple Source Utilization, Electric Propulsion System, Photovoltaic Cells INTRODUCTION
For past100 year vehicles especially motorbikes were being run by fuels like petrol (gasoline) in recent years due to advancement LPG is also being used. Further it is developed to bikes running with battery source (E-bike). These bikes possess electric propulsion system, (ie) they are driven by electricity. They are capable of being charged from house mains in advance hybrid vehicle especially hybrid electric vehicle archived. Then HEVs possess both internal combustion engine and electric propulsion system. The above two system works for the certain speed limits. For less speed, battery backup offers energy and beyond that speed the vehicle is driven by gasoline. We now tried to incorporate some added advantages in hybrid electric vehicle. We used the sources like LPG, dynamo and solar panel in a single petrol driven vehicle. Under running condition the internal combustion engine propels the vehicle and at that time, the engine dynamo converts the mechanical energy into electrical energy which is being saved in battery. Similarly in standby, the solar panel which is capable of converting the solar energy from the sun to electrical energy this is also saved in battery. Solar Panel A solar panel is a package of photovoltaic cells. The solar panel can be kept as a component of a larger photovoltaic system to generate and supply electricity in various applications. One such panel can be incorporated in hybrid vehicles. Its output power ranges from 100 to 320 watts. These modules use wafer based crystalline silicon cells or thin film cells made on cadmium telluride, silicon or, germanium. Electrical connections are given in series to obtain output voltage and in parallel to get desired current capability. Most solar panels are not flexible, but some are semi-flexible

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Dhinesh Kumar .U, Francklin Inbaraj .A, Mathanparthiban .R & A. R. Lavanya

Bypass diode may be incorporated (or) used externally in case of partial panel shading to maximize output of panel section still illuminated. Solar cells become less efficient at higher temperature and thus good ventilation must be provided behind solar panels.

Hybrid vehicles can be incorporated with solar panels of light weight. This particular hybrid vehicle possess panels of rating of 10watts and 16.4 volts. And its charging current range is 2 to 3 amperes. The output voltage (16.4 volts) is insufficient for driving a vehicle. Hence a booster is being interfaced to increase the voltage to 48 volts. In this project, a solar powered bicycle was designed. The materials used are more environmentally friendly and the cost is much lower than the existing solar powered bike. The maximum speed of the bike under battery operating condition is 25km/hr. The charging time by using electric mains is 2-3 hours and 4-6 hours by using solar energy. The design fulfills the requirements of Chinas government. Also, our target market is China. We have analyzed the market for of electric bikes to understand the needs of its citizens. The target customers want to have an electric bike with a light weight and dont need to recharge frequently. They also care about the safety of the bike . Engine Dynamo A dynamo is an electrical generator that produces direct current. Dynamos were the electrical generators invented first which are capable of delivering power for industry and the foundation upon which many other electric power conversion devices were based including the electric motor the alternating current alternator and rotator converter .today the simpler alternator dominates large scale power generation for efficiency reliability and cost reasons.

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A dynamo has few disadvantages also. Also converting alternating current to direct current using power rectification devices (vacuum tube or more currently solid state) is efficient, effective and usually economic. The word dynamo means power. The dynamo uses rotating coils of wire and magnetic field to convert mechanical into a pulsing direct electric current through Faradays law of induction .The dynamo consists of armature and stator. Small machines utilizes permanent magnets while large machine requires electromagnets. Dynamos were invented as replacements for batteries. These dynamos are being used in this hybrid vehicles which converts the mechanical energy(i.e)speed of engine into electric energy(i.e)battery backup. The speed of engine is about 40 to50 rpm. This rotation produces corresponding electric power output. This is being saved in battery which offers backup storage for the hybrid vehicle. Kinetic Honda Industry Fate Successor(s) Founded Defunct Headquarters Products Automobile Acquired Mahindra&mahindra limited 1984 2008 India Scooters and Motorcycles

Kinetic Honda was a joint between kinetic Engineering limited India and Honda motor company of Japan. The Joint Venture during 1984 to 1998, manufactured two stroke scooters in India. In 1998, the joint venture was ended after that Kinetic Engineering continued under the brand name Kinetic until 2008,then the interests were sold to mahindra. The brand Kinetic Honda is remembered for its peculiarity 2-stroke scooters, with regularly varying transmission and electric starting. In India when it was launched in 1984 it is preferred for its legacy and the only preferable bike in India till the late 1990s. Model History Kinetic Marvel (the engine capacity of 99cc, 2-stroke, two mirror, broad shield, more graphical and attractive stickers, red, white and blackish blue plastic coated)was launched in 1995. The best awarded scooter of that year and comfortable sitting like sitting in a sofa. The Electric Motor The Electric Motor used in this electric bicycle is a new style of electric motor known as the Brushless Direct Current Motor. In this case of the electric bicycle, the motor is placed inside the rear wheel, and is referred as hub motor. The cross sectional view of a same type motor is shown below

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Dhinesh Kumar .U, Francklin Inbaraj .A, Mathanparthiban .R & A. R. Lavanya

The rotor consists of several permanent magnets while the stator contain three windings representing the three phases of the motor. These motors are same as that of 3 phase AC motors, and use sophisticated controllers which switch a DC voltage electronically between the three phases using either power devices(MOSFET or IGBT). When the bike is in motion and the motor controller is not supplying power to the motor the BLDC motor behaves as a 3 phase generator, producing sinusoidal voltages at its 3 terminals.

INFORMATION ABOUT PIC MICROCONTROLLER 16F877 Description

PIC16F877 is a tiny piece of semiconducting integrated circuits. The package of these integrated circuits is Dual Inline package. This package is very easy to do soldering onto the circuit board. Thus using a DIP socket is muchmore easier so that this chip can be inserted and taken out from the developed board.This controller is widely used for laboratory and advance applications because of its low cost, broad range of applications, improved quality and easy availability. It is efficient and unique for applications such as machine control, measurement devices, and so on.

Specifications
COMPONENT PIC 16F877 FLASH MEMORY 8K DATA MEMORY 368 Bytes DATA EEPROM 256 Bytes

Features
High-efficient Reduced Instruction Set Computer CPU. Operating speed is 20 MHz clock input and 200 ns instruction cycle. Flash Program Memory is about 8k x 14 words. EEPROM Data memory is about 256 x 8 bytes Interrupt capability is of 14 internal or external. The addressing modes are Direct, indirect, and relative. The resetting of this controller is by Power-on Reset (POR). Power-up Timer (PWRT) and Oscillator Start-up Timer (OST) are its features. Power saving is achieved by sleep mode. Only single 5V source is needed for its programming capability. In-Circuit Debugging is through two pins. Processor read or write access to program memory. Different operating voltage range is between 3V and 5V. High Sink or Source Current is 25 mA. It can be implemented in temperature ranges of Commercial and Industrial applications

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LPG Liquified petroleum gas (LPG) is simply propane or butane which is a flammable mixture of hydrocarbon gases used as fuel in heating appliances and vehicles. It is eco-friendly which reduces damage of ozone layer.

When LPG is specifically in vehicles it is referred as autogas. Varieties of LPG were bought and sold in mixes that are primarily propane or butane or both. LPG is prepared by refining petroleum or wet natural gas and it is entirely different from fossil fuel sources. It currently provide about 3% of all energy consumed and burns relatively clean with very few sulphur emissions. LPG has specific calorific value of 46.1 MJ/L which is lower than petrol, because its liquid density is lower. Its boiling is lower than room temperature. It gets evaporated at normal temperature and pressure, hence supplied in pressurized vessels. LPG is heavier than air. In addition to LPG odorants are mixed so that leakage can be detected. LPG is used to ignite ICE (internal combustion engine) in vehicles. It is an alternative to petrol. LPG has lower energy density than either petrol or fuel oil so that equal fuel consumption is higher. Propane is the third most widely used motor fuel. Hardware Explanation The vehicle used is a petrol driven light weighted vehicle. It possess ICE at the back which acts as the propulsion system. It utilizes gasoline/petrol as fuel. The consumption of fuel produce heat which in turn produce mechanical force which drives the motor vehicle. Instead of gasoline LPG is also used. LPG is given in pressurized gas cylinder. From the gas cylinder it is given to gas kit. The gas kit feeds the ICE.

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Dhinesh Kumar .U, Francklin Inbaraj .A, Mathanparthiban .R & A. R. Lavanya

In same way as petrol, LPG is combusted and helps to drive the vehicle. During running condition the speed of rotation is about 40 to 50 rpm which is a mechanical energy. Thus the engine dynamo converts the mechanical energy to electrical energy. This is given to primary battery which is a normal bike battery.

A rectifying circuit is one which links an ac supply to dc load, that is, it converts an alternating voltage supply to a direct voltage. The direct voltage so obtained is of normal level, as from a battery, but contains an alternating ripple component superimposed on the mean (dc) level. Rectifier possess capacitor of range 50 volts, 700 micro farad. It constitutes a freewheeling diode of 6 amps. Main battery gets the input from rectifier output. Main battery has the backup and offers energy to the motor. The above mentioned battery gets energy from the solar panel also. These battery is 7A/H battery. Eight such batteries are combined to form main battery which is set up in the front side of the vehicle.

During day time (sunny days) the solar energy is trapped by solar panel which is of 10 watts and 16.4 volts. The charging current ranges from 2 to 3 ampere. The 16.4 volts is never be enough for driving a vehicle. Hence a booster circuit is provided. It consists of a capacitor of range 63volts,3300 micro farad and diode of 8 ampere. This circuits boost the input voltage of 16.4 volts to 48 volts which is enough for HEV. Booster circuit is followed by rectifier circuit and then main battery. Solar/ dynamo switch is placed between these two systems to switch over from one to another. This switch is of range 250 volts AC, 3 ampere and 125 volts AC, 6 ampere. If petrol or LPG is available, the ICE works and propels the

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motor. If at lack of petrol or LPG, the battery backup from dynamo and solar panel supports the vehicle. This vehicle is eco-friendly and less hazardous comparable.

REFERENCES
1. A. Muetze, A.G. Jack, and B.C. Mecrow, Alternate designs ofbrushless -dc motors using soft magnetic composites, in Proc. 15thInt. Conf. Electrical Machines (ICEM), Bruges, Paper 237, 2002. 2. 3. W.C. Morchin, Battery-powered electric bicycles, in Proc. Northcon94,Oct. 1113, 1994, pp. 269274. H. Oman, W.C. Morchin, and F.E. Jamerson, Electric -bicycle propulsion power, in Proc. WESCON95, Nov. 79, 1995, pp. 555560. 4. 5. D.G. Wilson, J. Papadopoulos, and F.R. Whitt, Bicycling Science. Cambridge, Mass: MIT Press, 2004. Chinas Electric Bike General Technical Qualification [in Chinese] [Online]. Available: http://www.wxetc.gov.cn/article.php/127.