Lecture 11
Bolted Connections
Riveted Connections
Types of Joints
Failure of Joints
Bearing & Friction connections
Truss Joints
Shear and Tension on Bolt
Mongkol JIRAVACHARADET
SURANAREE
INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING
UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY
Riveted Connections
rivet = round ductile steel bar (shank) with a head at one end
d
Snap
Pan
Flat
countersunk
d = Shank diameter
= Nominal diameter
Round
countersunk
Riveting Procedure
Head is formed by
- Hand hammer
- Hydraulic pressure
- Pneumatic pressure
Lap Joint
P
P
P
Eccentricity in lap joint
P
P
e
P
P
Undesired bending causes tension in rivets
Butt Joint
P/2
P
P/2
P/2
Rivet in double shear
fv = P/2A
Butt joint v.s. Lap joint:
-
-
!"#!!
$
- %"!&
!'(
!
Bolted Connections
P/2
P/2
W section
P/2
(a)
(c)
(e)
(b)
!
(d)
(f)
Failure of Joints
Case 1: Shear failure of rivets
P/2
P
P/2
Shearing out
Plate may be crushed when bearing stress in plate exceeds the limit
Bolted Connections
P/2
P
P/2
Bearing-type Connections
d
2
Shearing Strength: ( / 4) d Fv
Ft (../.2)
A307
A325 (
"#$%
!)
A325 (
&"#$%
A490 (
"#$%
!)
!)
A490 ( &"#$%
!)
1,400
700
3,100
1,200
1,480
3,100
1,200
2,100
3,800
1,480
1,970
3,800
1,480
2,800
P
2P
P
Bearing Strength
Bearing area = d x t
t
Ra = bearing area Fp = d t Fp
Failure surface
Le
Ra/2
Fp =
Ra
Ra/2
Le Fu
1.2Fu
2d
Ra = 0.5 Le t Fu 1.2 d t Fu
Or
Ra = 0.6 Lc t Fu 1.2 d t Fu
A307
A325
A490
Lc1
h = d + 2 mm = hole diameter
s 2 23 d
(preferably 3d )
(1.5d - 2d )
22 mm. bolts
P
1.0 cm
1.0 cm
30 cm
Ag = 1.0 (30) = 30
3.2
"
(4"./
,"
(:
"./:
:
= 31.93
1.0 cm
"
(4"./
,::
"./
"
(1( = 2(2.84)(2.1) = 11.93
"
(1 ( = (2.0)(1.9)(1.2)(4.0) = 18.24
(
"
(
= 80/11.93 = 7+
8 $" 9
('()* !+ ,
)
( !/0)
45.2 cm
W500x128
Ix = 71000
tf = 1.8
48.8 cm
2 cm
s
I = 71,000 + 2(240)(25.4)2
= 174,226 3.4
q = VQ/I
= (80)(240)(25.4)/174,226
2 cm
PL2x40
= 0.93 /3.
( !/0)
478(1.8)
= 17.2 3. > 15 3.
2,500
OK
OK
OK
Slip-critical(Friction-type) Connections
5".,
"
(
:/ A325
, A490
P
N
P
P
F
P
1
"
( ()
',
(0.0.)
A325
A490
19
22
25
32
12.7
17.7
23.2
32.3
15.9
22.3
29.1
46.4
5",
d + 2 ..
",- ("!IG
)
d + 8 ..
",J"IK ("!IG
)
D (( ()
(d + 2 ..) (d + 10 ..)
(d + 2 ..) 2.5 d
( (( ()
d + 2 mm
d + 10 mm
(a) Standard
d + 2 mm
2.5 d
d + 8 mm
(c) Short slot
d + 2 mm
(b) Oversized
+/,
@A
- :G:,
H9
"/DIG
- /D
9"
,5 Gusset plate 5(
Gusset plate
Truss Joint
Double member with a single connector piece, called a gusset plate.
Members must have sufficient "bite" into the plate for bolts or weld contact.
Converging centerlines enable equilibrium without member moments.
'
$ B
#)
*+ #'(
A325
!
19 !.!. *3!4
*
3
5
6+3
12 !.!.
2Ls 75x75x10
A
1L
E
7 ton
50
x
50
2Ls 90x90x10
B
28 ton
C
1L 50x50x8
20 ton
D
8 ton
7
:
Fv = 2,100 ./=!.2
7
: Fp = 1.2(4,000) = 4,800 ./=!.2
7
d 2 Fv = 2
7
( = 20/11.91 = 1.68 2 '
+,$+$ BC: P = 28 '
'(
( 2Ls 90x90x10
*
7
*
P = 2
7
d 2 Fv = 2
7
( = 28/11.91 = 2.53 3 '
'(
( 1Ls 50x50x8
7
*
P=
7
d 2 Fv =
Control
7
( = 8/5.95 = 1.35 2 '
+,$+$ BE: P = 7 '
'(
( 1Ls 50x50x8
7
*
P=
7
d 2 Fv =
7
( = 7/5.95 = 1.18 2 '
Control
Detail Drawing
A
2Ls 75x75x10
2Ls 90x90x10
Gusset plate 20 mm
1L 50x50x8
1L
50
x
50
x8
Bolt A32519 mm
D
More ckeck for:
- Effective area of tension members (0.5Fu Ae)
- Block shear failure of tension members
Bolted Connections
Riveted Connections
Types of Joints
Failure of Joints
Bearing & Friction connections
Truss Joints
Shear and Tension on Bolt
Mongkol JIRAVACHARADET
SURANAREE
UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY
INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING
SCHOOL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
Riveted Connections
rivet = round ductile steel bar (shank) with a head at one end
d
Snap
Pan
Flat
countersunk
d = Shank diameter
= Nominal diameter
Round
countersunk
Riveting Procedure
Head is formed by
- Hand hammer
- Hydraulic pressure
- Pneumatic pressure
Lap Joint
P
P
P
Eccentricity in lap joint
P
P
e
P
P
Double riveted lap joint
Butt Joint
P/2
P
P/2
P/2
Rivet in double shear
fv = P/2A
Butt joint v.s. Lap joint:
-
-
!"#!!
$
- %"!&
!'(
!
P/2
Bolted Connections
P/2
W section
P/2
(a)
(c)
(b)
(d)
(e)
!
(f)
Failure of Joints
Case 1: Shear failure of rivets
P/2
P
P/2
Shearing out
Plate may be crushed when bearing stress in plate exceeds the limit
Bolted Connections
P/2
P
P/2
Bearing-type Connections
d
2
Shearing Strength: ( / 4) d Fv
Ft (../.2)
A307
A325 (
"#$%
!)
A325 (
&"#$%
A490 (
"#$%
!)
!)
A490 ( &"#$%
!)
1,400
700
3,100
1,200
1,480
3,100
1,200
2,100
3,800
1,480
1,970
3,800
1,480
2,800
P
2P
P
Bearing Strength
Bearing area = d x t
t
Ra = bearing area Fp = d t Fp
Failure surface
Le
Ra/2
Fp =
Ra
Ra/2
Le Fu
1.2Fu
2d
Ra = 0.5 Le t Fu 1.2 d t Fu
Or
Ra = 0.6 Lc t Fu 1.2 d t Fu
A307
A325
A490
Lc1
h = d + 2 mm = hole diameter
s 2 23 d
(preferably 3d )
(1.5d - 2d )
22 mm. bolts
P
1.0 cm
P
1.0 cm
30 cm
Ag = 1.0 (30) = 30
3.2
"
(4"./
,"
(:
"./:
:
= 31.93
1.0 cm
"
(4"./
,::
"./
"
(1( = 2(2.84)(2.1) = 11.93
( !/0)
"
(1 ( = (2.0)(1.9)(1.2)(4.0) = 18.24
(
"
(
= 80/11.93 = 7+
8 $" 9
('()* !+ ,
)
PL2x40
48.8 cm
W500x128
Ix = 71000
tf = 1.8
2 cm
45.2 cm
PL2x40
I = 71,000 + 2(240)(25.4)2
= 174,226 3.4
q = VQ/I
= (80)(240)(25.4)/174,226
2 cm
= 0.93 /3.
( !/0)
OK
478(1.8)
= 17.2 3. > 15 3.
2,500
OK
OK
Slip-critical(Friction-type) Connections
5".,
"
(
:/ A325
, A490
P
N
P
P
F
P
1
"
( ()
',
(0.0.)
A325
A490
19
22
25
32
12.7
17.7
23.2
32.3
15.9
22.3
29.1
46.4
5",
d + 2 mm
d + 2 ..
",- ("!IG
)
d + 8 ..
",J"IK ("!IG
)
D (( ()
(d + 2 ..) (d + 10 ..)
(d + 2 ..) 2.5 d
( (( ()
d + 10 mm
(a) Standard
d + 2 mm
2.5 d
d + 8 mm
(c) Short slot
d + 2 mm
(b) Oversized
+/,
@A
- :G:,
H9
"/DIG
- /D
9"
,5 Gusset plate 5(
Gusset plate
Truss Joint
Double member with a single connector piece, called a gusset plate.
Members must have sufficient "bite" into the plate for bolts or weld contact.
Converging centerlines enable equilibrium without member moments.
'
$ B
#)
*+ #'(
A325
!
19 !.!. *3!4
*
3
5
6+3
12 !.!.
2Ls 75x75x10
A
1L
E
7 ton
50
x
50
2Ls 90x90x10
B
28 ton
C
1L 50x50x8
20 ton
D
8 ton
7
:
Fv = 2,100 ./=!.2
7
: Fp = 1.2(4,000) = 4,800 ./=!.2
7
d 2 Fv = 2
7
( = 20/11.91 = 1.68 2 '
+,$+$ BC: P = 28 '
'(
( 2Ls 90x90x10
*
7
*
P = 2
7
d 2 Fv = 2
7
( = 28/11.91 = 2.53 3 '
'(
( 1Ls 50x50x8
7
*
P=
7
d 2 Fv =
Control
7
( = 8/5.95 = 1.35 2 '
+,$+$ BE: P = 7 '
'(
( 1Ls 50x50x8
7
*
P=
7
d 2 Fv =
Control
7
( = 7/5.95 = 1.18 2 '
Detail Drawing
A
2Ls 75x75x10
2Ls 90x90x10
1L 50x50x8
1L
50
x
50
x8
Bolt A32519 mm
Gusset plate 20 mm
D
More ckeck for:
- Effective area of tension members (0.5Fu Ae)
- Block shear failure of tension members