Contents

26. Electromagnetic Waves

1-18
26.1 Introduction 26.2 Displacement Current 26.3 Electromagnetic Waves 26.4 Electromagnetic Spectrum

27. Reflection of Light

19-56

27.1 Introduction 27.2 The Nature of Light 27.3 Few General Points of Geometric Optics 27.4 Reflection of Light

28. Refraction of Light

57-152

28.1 Introduction 28.2 Thin Lenses 28.3 Total Internal Reflection (TIR) 28.4 Refraction Through Prism 28.5 Optical Instruments 28.6 Photometry

29. Interference and Diffraction of Light

153-196

29.1 Introduction 29.2 Energy Distribution in Interference 29.3 Conditions for Interference 29.4 Young's Double Slit Experiment 29.5 Introduction to Diffraction 29.6 Diffraction from Narrow Slits 29.7 Diffraction of X-Rays by Crystals

30. Modern Physics-I

30.1 30.2 30.3 30.4 30.5 30.6 30.7 30.8 30.9

197-253

Dual Nature of Electromagnetic Waves

Electromagnetic Spectrum Momentum and Radiation Pressure de-Broglie Wavelength of Matter Wave Early Atomic Structures The Bohr Hydrogen Atom Hydrogen Like Atoms X-Rays Emission of Electrons

30.10 Photoelectric Effect 30.11 Reduced Mass

31. Modern Physics-II

31.1 31.2 31.3 31.4 31.5 31.6 31.7 31.8

255-298

Nuclear Stability and Radioactivity The Radioactive Decay Law

Successive Disintegration Equivalence of Mass and Energy Binding Energy and Nuclear Stability Nuclear Fission (Divide and Conquer) Nuclear Fusion Q-Value of a Nuclear Reaction (Optional)

32. Semiconductors
32.1 32.2 32.3 32.4 32.5 32.6 32.7 32.8 32.9

299-337
Introduction Energy Bands in Solids Intrinsic and Extrinsic Semiconductors p-n Junction Diode Junction Diode as a Rectifier Applications of p-n Junction Diode Junction Transistors Transistor as an Amplifier Digital Electronics and Logic Gates

33. Communication System

33.1 33.2 33.3 33.4 33.5 33.6 33.7 33.8 33.9

339-355

Introduction

Different Terms Used in Communication System Bandwidth of Signals Bandwidth of Transmission Medium Propagation of Electromagnetic Waves or Communication Channels Modulation Amplitude Modulation Production of Amplitude Modulated Wave Detection of Amplitude Modulated Wave

Experimental Skills Hints & Solutions

357-378 379-419