Lehua Matsumoto & Malaia Jacobsen APUSH Period 2 Bibliography (Yellow Journalism) Primary Sources "5,000 Homeless in Want

of Food." The World [New York] 13 Sept. 1900, Evening ed.: n. pag. Print.

This newspaper article exhibits certain characteristics of yellow journalism, as seen in the title, that made large accusations and sided with the underdog.

"After Mrs. Thaw Married White Kept Up Attentions." The World 8 Feb. 1907, Evening ed.: 1. Print.

This article showcased large images and headlines, both characteristics of classic yellow journalism.

"Against Yellow Journalism." The New York Times 16 June 1897: n. pag. Print. "American Arms Victorious." The Houston Daily Post 26 June 1898, Front Page sec.: 1. Print. "Another Call for Volunteers." The Daily Kentuckian [Hopkinsville, KY] 26 May 1898, Front Page sec.: n. pag. Print.

"The Army To Be Mobilized, Volunteers To Be Called." The San Francisco Call 16 Apr. 1898, Front Page sec.: 1. Print.

"At Madrid War Is Considered Inevitable." The Saint Paul Globe 4 Apr. 1898, Front Page sec.: 1. Print.

"Ben's Day." The World [New York] 4 Mar. 1889, Evening ed.: 1. Print.

This article written by The World on March 4, 1889 was a prime example of yellow journalism prior to the start of the Spanish American war. It included big, bold headlines that were used to catch the eye of the newspapers readers.

Bennett, James Gordon. "Tremendous Losses in the Two Days' Fighting at the Front." The San Francisco Fall 3 July 1898, Front Page sec.: 1. Print.

James Gordon Bennett was the founder and creator of The New York Herald. He is also considered a major figure in the history of American newspapers. He ran this particular newspaper to the top of the industry before passing the company on to his youngest son.

"The Boom in Journalism." Cartoon. [New York] 1883: n. pag. Print.

This cartoon taken from The New York Daily in 1883 depicts the reactions of the American people to the influx of newspapers and journalism within their lives. This type of journalism was very radical in that it had never been such a large part of society and American culture before.

"Both Houses, In Uproar, Threatening Revolt, Warn M'Kinley." New York Journal n.d., Evening ed.: 1. Print.

This article taken from The New York Journal shows how yellow journalism tied into the pro-war attitude that developed in the late 19th century that resulted in President McKinley declaring war upon the Spanish.

Boyer, Peter J. "I Will Prevail - Mitt Romney's Battle To Prove He's The True Conservative." Newsweek 6 Feb. 2012: 1. Web. 13 Jan. 2013.

Peter Boyer is a staff writer at The New Yorker and has been covering politics since his initial outbreak from his coverage of President Clinton. This article is a prime example of how yellow journalism is still evident even in our society today.

Call Office, Riggs House, comp. "Dupuy De Lome's Vile Abuse of The President." The San Francisco Call 9 Feb. 1898: 1. Print.

"Complete Account of the Inauguration of Abraham Lincoln." The Sun [New York] 4 Mar. 1861: 1. Print.

This particular article shows a good contrast between the styles of old journalism and new journalism. This article published by The Sun on March 4, 1861 shows the informative, conservative style that old journalism embodied prior to the influence of Hearst and Pulitzer.

"DailySugar." Lindsay Lohan in People Magazine, August 6 2007. N.p., n.d. Web. 31 Jan. 2013.

In this particular image we can observe the sensational writing that is still prominent in the tabloid magazines that exist today. The bold headlines meant to catch the readers attention are a direct result of the style of Yellow Journalism.

Darnton, Charles. "Mrs. Fiske Believes She Will Never Produce Another Dramatic Failure, Because She Is True To Herself." The World [New York] 12 Dec. 1908, Evening ed.: n. pag. Print.

This article has many characteristics of yellow journalism, for example the large images, and the fact that it is a sensationalized story about a relatively minor piece of the news.

"Destruction of the War Ship Maine Was the Work of An Enemy." New York Journal 17 Feb. 1898: 1. Print.

This newspaper article published by the New York Journal on February 17, 1898. This newspaper was a primary example of yellow journalism in that it displayed large headlines and contained a story that extended the truth to make the article more interesting.

Duval, Charles. "Evangelina Cisneros Rescued By The Journal." New York Journal 10 Oct. 1897: Print.

"Emma Goldman, High Priestess of Anarchy, Whose Speeches Inspired Czolgosz to His Crime." Chicago Daily Tribune 8 Sept. 1901: n. pag. Print.

Image of Emma Goldman that had certain characteristics of yellow journalism, such as the sensationalized title deeming her a priestess of anarchy and the devils flames that entwined her face.

"The Evening World., August 08, 1900, Evening Edition, Image 1About The Evening World. (New York, N.Y.) 1887-1931." News about Chronicling America RSS. N.p., n.d. Web. 31 Jan. 2013.

Once again, another example of a newspaper article that featured big, bold headlining. This newspaper article is from The World and was published on August 8, 1900.

"The Evening World., February 07, 1900, Evening Edition, Image 1About The Evening World. (New York, N.Y.) 1887-1931." News about Chronicling America RSS. N.p., n.d. Web. 31 Jan. 2013.

This particular article also highlights the lavish use of headlines that were used during the period of Yellow Journalism. These specific headlines are also implemented to engage the readers or audience in order to become more involved with the daily newspapers' reporting.

"The Evening World., January 29, 1900, Evening Edition, Image 1 About The Evening World. (New York, N.Y.) 1887-1931." News about Chronicling America RSS. N.p., n.d. Web. 31 Jan. 2013.

This newspaper article from The World was published on January 29, 1900. It highlights the extravagant, bold headlines that were being used on the front pages of newspapers in order to attract more buyers or readers.

"The Evening World., June 30, 1900, Evening Edition, Image 1About The Evening World. (New York, N.Y.) 1887-1931." News about Chronicling America RSS. N.p., n.d. Web. 31 Jan. 2013.

This article from The World was published on June 30, 1900. It features large, bold headlines that fill the entire front page of the newspaper. This type of ostentatious style was most prevalent during the period of Yellow Journalism.

"The Evening World., March 05, 1900, Evening Edition, Image 1About The Evening World. (New York, N.Y.) 1887-1931." News about Chronicling America RSS. N.p., n.d. Web. 31 Jan. 2013.

Another article that features large, bold headlines from the period of Yellow Journalism. This article was from The World and it was published on March 5, 1900.

Funk, Isaac K., Wilfred J. Funk, William S. Woods, and Arthur S. Draper. "New and Old Journalism." The Literary Digest. By Edward J. Wheeler. Vol. 14. N.p.: Funk & Wagnall's, 1897. 273-74. Print.

Isaac Funk, an american minister, had experience in all aspects of the production of newspapers. His knowledge expanded to the areas of editor, publisher, and other fields.

"Hot Skirmish." The Daily Kentuckian [Hopkinsville, KY] 25 June 1898, Front Page sec.: 1. Print. "'I'll Destroy You!'" National Enquirer Sept. 2008: 1. Web. 13 Jan. 2013.

Irwin, Will. The American Newspaper--The Editor and the News. Part 6. Colliers April 1, 1911.

A graduate from Stanford University, Will Irwin had lots of experience in the journalism field. He is very well known for his reporting coverage at The Sun in San Francisco.

Is It a Great Mistake?" The World [New York] 23 Mar. 1891: 4. Print.

Article from The New York World concerning the Oregon Question.

"The Issues Made Up." The Houston Daily Post 2 Apr. 1898, Front Page sec.: 1. Print. "Joseph Pulitzer (1847-1911)." Fine Art America. N.p., n.d. Web. 31 Jan. 2013.

This picture of Joseph Pulitzer was used to help characterize the physically appearance of such an important figure in Yellow Journalism. Pulitzer was one of the most influential journalists of his time and the famous Pulitzer award was named after him.

"Joseph Pulitzer Dead." The World [New York] 30 Oct. 1911, Evening ed.: 17. Print.

The New York World devoted an entire page to its most notable owner and editor, recounting the highlights of his life and what he had done for the paper.

"Joseph Pulitzer Dies Suddenly." The New York Times 29 Oct. 1911, Obituaries sec.: n. pag. Print.

When Joseph Pulitzer died, the New York Times devoted to him an obituary in the paper, giving us some insight into what people (and other newspapers) thought of Joseph Pulitzer so soon after he had died.

Kanfer, Stefan. "From The Yellow Kid to Yellow Journalism." Civilization May-June 1995: The Library of Congress. Web.

Stefan Kanfer is an editor at the City Journal and has written extensively about subjects including politics. He has written over a dozen books and has a large amount of experience working in the world of journalism.

"The Maine's Destruction as the Cause For War." The San Francisco Call 7 Apr. 1898, Front Page sec.: 1. Print. "Many Congressmen Now Believe That War Is Inevitable." The San Francisco Call 23 Mar. 1898, Front Page sec.: 1. Print. Martinez, Maria. Politican Cartoons. Doc. "McKinley Inaugurated President." The San Francisco Call 5 Mar. 1897, Front Page sec.: 1. Print. "Membership: Telegraph Operator." Next Stop Tupper Lake. N.p., n.d. Web. 31 Jan. 2013.

This image is a picture of a telegraph. This particular invention after the Civil War was key to influencing the dynamics of communications between people in the United States. With a greater capability to spread information quicker, news reporting was able to evolve.

"M'Kinley Yielding to American Sentiment." The Salt Lake Herald 8 Apr. 1898, Front Page sec.: 1. Print. The National Tribune. "Scenes in the Camp Life of Our Volunteer Soldiers." The National Tribune [Washington, D.C.] 23 June 1898, Front Page sec.: Print.

This newspaper was taken from The National Tribune on June 23, 1898 and is focused on the conditions that the soldiers faced during the SpanishAmerican war in Cuba. This is a prime example of the day-to-day coverage that the newspaper established during this particular war.

"New-York Daily Tribune., February 10, 1846, Image 1About New-York Daily Tribune. (New-York [N.Y.]) 1842-1866." News about Chronicling America RSS. N.p., n.d. Web. 31 Jan. 2013.

This newspaper article from the New York daily tribune was published on February 10, 1846. This particular article was used to emphasize the straightforward, factual style of newspaper reporting that existed prior to the influence of Yellow Journalism.

"New-York Tribune., October 16, 1868, Image 1About New-York Tribune. (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924." News about Chronicling America RSS. N.p., n.d. Web. 31 Jan. 2013.

This newspaper article from the New York Tribune was published on October 16, 1868. It shows the style of reporting that was prevalent prior to Yellow Journalism, which included a limited amount of headlines and straightforward reporting.

"Official Report Upon the Maine Disaster." The Independent [Honolulu, HI] 15 Apr. 1898, Front Page sec.: 1. Print. "The Ohio State University." Cartoon Image Database: Search Cartoon Image Database. N.p., n.d. Web. 31 Jan. 2013.

This image is an example of the Yellow Kid cartoon created by Richard Outcault. The producing of the Yellow Kid led to the momentous rivalry that eventually brewed between the newspaper moguls, Hearst and Pulitzer.

Outcault, R. F. and Archie Gunn, poster for the New York Journal, American Humorist. October 1896. R. F. Outcaults The Yellow Kid: A Centennial Celebration of the Kid Who Started the Comics. Northampton, Mass.: Kitchen Sink Press, 1995. Plate 106.

Richard F. Outcalt was well-known for The Yellow Kid, but also drew well known comics like Buster Brown, and is even called by some the inventor of the comic strip. Before being a comic strip artist, however, he worked for Thomas Edison in Paris as a technical illustrator; his comic was a driving force throughout the time of Yellow Journalism.

Outcault, R. F. "Hogan's Alley Folk Have a Trolley Party in Brooklyn." Hogan's Alley. New York World. 9 Aug. 1896. The Yellow Kid. New York Journal. 23 Jan. 1898.

America's Great Comic-Strip Artists. By Richard Marschall. New York: Abbeville Press, 1989. 26.

Initially, Richard F. Outcalt drew comics for the New York World, and the comic strip Hogans Alley, which contained the Yellow Kid, debuted in 1895. One year later, Outcalt switched jobs and began working for the New York Journal, causing a great commotion in the newspaper world.

Outcault, R. F. Poster for the New York Journal, Around the World with the Yellow Kid. 18 Jan. 1897. R. F. Outcaults The Yellow Kid: A Centennial Celebration of the Kid Who Started the Comics. Northampton, Mass.: Kitchen Sink Press, 1995. Plate 108.

Outcault, R. F. "The Yellow Kid Experiments with the Wonderful Hair Tonic." The Yellow Kid. New York Journal. 23 Jan. 1898. America's Great Comic-Strip Artists. By Richard Marschall. New York: Abbeville Press, 1989. 31.

Richard F. Outcault was the original creator of the comic series The Yellow Kid. He was an American comic strip artist and writer. He is also widely known for being the innovative mind behind the modern comic strip that exists until this day.

"Pastor Met Poisoned Girl Day of Death." The World [New York] 21 Oct. 1911: 1. Print.

Newspaper article with characteristics of yellow journalism (large images and headlines about fairly unimportant news) from the New York World.

"Pulitzer Prize for Poetry." Awards. N.p., n.d. Web. 31 Jan. 2013.

This image of the Pulitzer Award was used to emphasize how Joseph Pulitzer's legacy still continues today. This particular award is highly commendable as it perpetuates the continuance of journalism and writing.

Post, Louis Freeland, ed. "Expansion." Cartoon. The Online Library of Liberty. Chicago: Public, 1902. Print.

This cartoon appeared in the Chicago Magazine The Public on January 31, 1902. After the US won the territories of the Philippines, Puerto Rico, and Guam after the Spanish-American war, the government was criticized for violating the principles of our founding fathers. Depicting the debate that had ensued, this cartoon humorously involves the political figures of Roosevelt and Uncle Sam.

"Richard F. Outcault." Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, 21 Jan. 2013. Web. 31 Jan. 2013.

This image of Richard F. Outcault was used to emphasize the man that was best known for his creation of the Yellow Kid. The Yellow Kid was influential to Yellow Journalism as it sparked the heated rivalry between The World and The Journal.

Rogers, W. A. "The Big Stick In the Caribbean Sea." Cartoon. New York: Granger Collection, 1904. Print.

This cartoon focuses on the controversy of the US governments involvement within the Spanish-American war. Depicted in the cartoon is President Roosevelt who is being criticized for his own concept of the Monroe Doctrine, which he has displayed with his actions in the Caribbean.

"Scenes Connected with the Life and Reign of Pope Leo XIII." New York Tribune 21 July 1903: 1. Print.

Front page of the New York Tribune that had characteristics of yellow journalism (i.e. large unnecessary images)

"The Senate Resolutions Mean War With Spain." The San Francisco Call 17 Apr. 1898: 1. Print.

"Spanish American War." Spanish American War. N.p., n.d. Web. 31 Jan. 2013.

The newspaper articles presented on this website were used to better understand the Spanish American War. This particular event had a huge part in the evolution of Yellow Journalism as it opened the door for journalists to have a part in shaping the public's opinion through their reporting.

"Spanish Died in Ships on Folds of Our Coast! Old Glory!" New York Journal n.d.: n. pag. Print.

Highlighting the ostentatious headlines that were often found with yellow journalism, this newspaper article that was released prior to the start of the Spanish-American war emulates the stylization choices aimed to sensationalize. These bold headlines and misconstructed headlines were created in order to catch the attention of the newspapers readers.

"Spanish Politeness." Cartoon. PBS: Crucible of Empire. Print.

This cartoon published prior to the Spanish-American war depicted figures of both Spain and the US dueling in front of a sinking USS Maine. Even though the sinking was later set straight as not being Spains fault, cartoons like

these played a part in persuading the American public to gain pro-war sentiments.

"Spanish Troops Routed by American Cavalry." The San Francisco Call 25 June 1898, Front Page sec.: 1. Print. Strout, Lawrence N. "Journalism and Yellow Journalism." Rev. of Yellow Journalism: Puncturing the Myths, Defining the Legacies, by W. Joseph Campbell (Westport, Conn.: Praeger Publishers, 2003), 209 Pages. Newspaper Research Journal 2003: n. pag. Print.

Lawrence Strout is a writer of the Newspaper Research Journal, and his review of W. Joseph Campbells research on yellow journalism allowed for a different viewpoint on the issue of yellow journalism and its role in newspapers during the late 1800s. "They Rise to Blast Hearst's "New Journalism."" The San Francisco Call 14 Mar. 1897: 8. Print. "The Time Has Come." The Evening Bulletin [Maysville, KY] 2 Apr. 1898, Front Page sec.: 1. Print. "Truth's about the Old Journalism," New York Journal (2 February 1897)

This article from the New York Journal in 1897 addressed the difference between Old Journalism and New Journalism. The article states that old

journalism was characterized for its conservative nature, while this new journalism was just another name coined for yellow journalism.

"Weyler the Butcher." Cartoon. PBS: Crucible of Empire. Print.

This cartoon involves the subject of a Spanish leader named Valeriano Weyler during the time of the Spanish-American war. In the drawing he is being criticized for his ruthless tactics, which with the help of the cartoon, helped give him the nickname Weyler the Butcher.

"A Wonderful Production." The San Francisco Call 5 Jan. 1898: 5. Print.

"W. Joseph Campbell." Media Myth Alert. N.p., n.d. Web. 31 Jan. 2013. The newspaper article used from this website was used to show how even the New York Journal reported about the hand of newspapers in diplomacy or their involvement in politics.

"Yellow Journalism." The Independent [Honolulu, HI] 25 Nov. 1897: 2. Print.

"Yellow Journalism Nuisances." The New York Times 23 Mar. 1898: n. pag. Print.

Secondary Sources

"Adolph Ochs." Adolph Ochs. The American-Israeli Cooperative Enterprise, 2013. Web. 04 Apr. 2013.

Adolph S. Ochs Publisher. Digital image. Jewish Currents. Jewish Currents, 11 Mar. 2013. Web. 3 Apr. 2013.

Barth, Gunther. City People: The Rise of Modern City Culture in Nineteenth-century America. New York-Oxford: Oxford UP, 1980. Print.

Bowman, David. "Pulitzer Changed America and the Role of the Press, Biographer Says." Utah State University. WordPress, 19 Jan. 2011. Web.

David Bowman is a part of an online blog that is run in association with Utah State University. This website focuses on many different subject areas, but Mr. Bowman speciality includes interviewing numerous historians and biographers.

Benjamin, Jules R. The United States and the Origins of the Cuban Revolution: An Empire of Liberty in an Age of National Liberation. Princeton, NJ: Princeton UP, 1990. Print.

Campbell, W. Joseph. Yellow Journalism: Puncturing the Myths, Defining the Legacies Greenwood Publishing Group, Incorporated, March 2003. Web. 2 December 2012.

Joseph Cambell is a professor at the American University and a distinguished author, who used his past experience in journalism to write notable books on Yellow Journalism and the Spanish War.

Crucible of Empire. Prod. Daniel A. Miller and Daniel B. Polin. Dir. Daniel A. Miller. Perf. Edward James Olmos. CBS, 1999. DVD.

Davis, Richard. The Press and American Politics: The New Mediator. New York: Longman Publishing Group, 1992.

Richard Davis, a political science professor at Brigham Young University, is the author of several political books focusing on American politics specifically. He got his own education, a PhD in political science, from the University of Syracuse.

Douglas, James. "The Oregon Boundary." The Makers of Canada. London: T.C. & E.C. Jack; [etc., Etc., 1903. 152. Print.

James Douglas was able to explain in brief what exactly the Oregon Question was and what it meant concerning the boundaries of the United States.

Fawver, LeAnn. "New York Newspapers in the Late 1800's." Yellow Journalism, Cuba, and the New York Times. N.p., 1999. Web. 13 Jan. 2013.

LeAnn Fawver, a worker at the Army Heritage & Education Center, has spent lots of time looking at war, and Yellow Journalism was as much a part of war in the late 19th century as the soldiers fighting on the front lines; her article goes in-depth about yellow journalism itself, and what it meant for the Spanish-American war.

Frank Luther Mott, American Journalism: A History: 1690-1960, 3d ed. (New York: Macmillan, 1962), 539.

A winner of the Pulitzer prize, Frank Luther Mott was a powerful influence in the education of photojournalism as he paved the way for the initial concept.

Foer, Franklin. "The Source of the Trouble." New York Magazine. New York Media LLC. Web. 3 Apr. 2013.

Gronert, Theodore G., and Lisa M. Tetrault. "Yellow Journalism." Dictionary of American History. Ed. Stanley I. Kutler. 3rd ed. Vol. 8. New York: Charles

Scribner's Sons, 2003. 577. Gale Virtual Reference Library. Web. 12 Nov. 2012.

Theodore G. Gronert was well known for his impact on journalism that a renowned scholarship was created for his name and Lisa M. Tetrault, the head of the department of history at Carnegie Mellon, specializes in the history of women. Tetrault is very experienced in her knowledge of history after publishing numerous books and is currently working on a book about the first womens rights movements in the US.

Hall, Michael R. "Artists and Illustrators: Spanish-American and PhilippineAmerican Wars." World at War: Understanding Conflict and Society. ABCCLIO, 2013. Web. 13 Jan. 2013.

Michael Hall is a well known history professor, and this document showcased that even though journalists had a large part of the Spanish-American war, there was also, as there usually always is, the involvement of artists and illustrators, who drew political cartoons, or depicted battle scenes (whether they be real or not), and they were just as important as the journalists writing the accompanying articles.

Hall, Michael R. "Journalism: Spanish-American and Philippine-American Wars." World at War: Understanding Conflict and Society. ABC-CLIO, 2012. Web. 12 Nov. 2012.

An enthusiast history professor at the Armstrong Atlantic State University in Georgia, Michael R. Hall has written multiple books involving the SpanishAmerican war period.

"Imperialism and Yellow Journalism: Need To Know." American History. ABC-CLIO, 2012. Web. 12 Nov. 2012.

In the case of any war, imperialism is a well-used reason, but in the case of the Spanish-American war, it is often said that the newspapers brought on the war. This article brought to light many ways to dive deeper into just how much newspapers were a part of this war, and their possible involvement in causing the war as well.

"Joseph Pulitzer". Encyclopdia Britannica. Encyclopdia Britannica Online. Encyclopdia Britannica Inc., 2013. Web. 18 Feb. 2013

This entry in the encyclopedia Britannica gave a good overview of Joseph Pulitzers life.

Keever, Bev. "Yellow Journalism." E-mail interview. 2 Apr. 2013.

Krogman, Matthew J. "Newspapers: Spanish-American and Philippine-American Wars." World at War: Understanding Conflict and Society. ABC-CLIO, 2013. Web. 13 Jan. 2013.

Matthew Krogman has written pieces in the Encyclopedia of Media and Propaganda in Wartime America and The Encyclopedia of the SpanishAmerican and Philippine-American Wars, both great books about journalism during a war, and the Spanish-American War. He has contributed a lot to well-known history books, and gave good insight into the role of newspapers in the Spanish-American War, which we focused on.

Mann, Emily. "9/11 and Modern Day Yellow Journalism." Web log post. Comm455/History of Journalism. WPMU DEV - The WordPress Experts, 11 Sept. 2012. Web. 13 Jan. 2013.

Emily Mann created a website dedicated towards the history of journalism after gathering research for a communications class at George Mason University. Full of detailed history, including that of yellow journalism, the website has numerous posts aimed to help expand the knowledge of its readers.

McIntyre, James. "Anita Expedition: Spanish-American and Philippine-American Wars." World at War: Understanding Conflict and Society. ABC-CLIO, 2012. Web. 12 Nov. 2012.

James McIntyre is an assistant professor of history at Moraine Valley Community College and is well known for his knowledge on both the Spanish-American and Philippine-American Wars.

Mintz, S., & McNeil, S. (2013). United States Becomes A World Power: The Spanish American War. Digital History. Web. April 2, 2013.

Moore, James. "That Awful Power: How Judy Miller Screwed Us All." The Huffington Post. HPMG News, 1 Aug. 2005. Web. 3 Apr. 2013.

Old-Fashioned Typewriter. Digital image. U.S. National Park Service. N.p., n.d. Web. 17 Feb. 2013.

Overturf, Jeff. "From the Yeller Kid to Yellow Journalism." Web log post. Inside Jeff Overturf's Head. Blogspot, 6 Mar. 2011. Web. 6 Feb. 2013.

Jeff Overturf is a comic strip maker who examined yellow journalism from the perspective of a comic artist himself, giving us a new view of the Yellow Kid comic and its imapct on newspapers in the New York area.

"Pulitzer Biography." The Pulitzer Prizes. N.p., n.d. Web. 31 Jan. 2013.

This particular website provided credible information regarding the biography of Joseph Pulitzer. This adhered towards understanding the role that Joseph Pulitzer played in revolutionizing newspapers and how he is still impacting the world today.

Remington, Frederic. Charge of the Rough Riders at San Juan Hill. Digital image. Wikipedia. N.p., 12 May 2005. Web. 3 Apr. 2013.

Rosenthal, Jack. "The Mogul at Play." The New York Times. The New York Times, 11 Jan. 2009. Web. 31 Jan. 2013. This article from the New York Times, which was published on January 11, 2009, focuses on William Hearst. It reflects back on his influence in journalism and how he was able to rise to the top of the newspaper industry so successfully. Jack Rosenthal is a write for the New York Times who has experience in philanthropy, journalism, and government.

Rothman, Mariel. "Randolph Hearst's Influence on the Newspaper Business." Web log post. Mariel's Jour150 Blog. Blogger, 2 Oct. 2011. Web. 13 Jan. 2013.

An avid blogger, Mariel Rothman focuses on the influences of many historical figures in the world of journalism, including William Hearst. She also addresses the influence that technology has had upon the writing world that we live in today.

Sandford, Maggie R. "The Innocent Origin of Yellow Journalism: How the Yellow Kid Fueled the Pulitzer/Hearst Rivalry." Mental Floss. Disqus, 4 Feb. 2013. Web. 17 Feb. 2013.

This webpage helped give a brief overview of the birth of the Yellow Kid and how it transformed into Yellow Journalism and a battle between the New York World and the New York Journal.

Save Me From My Friends! Puck, September 7, 1898. From Perez, Jr. The War of 1898: The United States and Cuba in Historiography. Front Cover.

Schoenherr, Steven. "William Randolph Hearst." William Randolph Hearst. N.p., 29 Jan. 2005. Web. 7 Feb. 2013.

Steven Schoenherr is a history professor at the University of San Diego, and provided a deeper understanding of the man who is William Randolph Hearst.

Scovell, Nell. "How To Achieve Immortality: Joseph Pulitzer Edition." Vanity Fair. N.p., 21 Apr. 2009. Web. 18 Feb. 2013.

This article from Vanity Fair gave a brief description of Joseph Pulitzers life and how he has impacted American journalism, and how we can even see his effect in the news today.

Stevens, John D. Sensationalism and the New York Press. New York: Columbia University Press, 1991.

John D. Stevens has focused on communication in his writings - for example, he wrote the a book about the First Amendment and the freedom of expression, as well as a book titled Communication History. Yellow Journalism was, of course, an extreme form of sensationalism, and seeing as a lot of the attention was centered in New York during the time of Yellow Journalism, his book was a good help depicting the environment of New York during this time.

Teel, Leonard Ray. The Public Press, 1900-1945 (The History of American Journalism). Greenwood Publishing Group, Inc., June 30, 2006.

Dr. Leonard Teel is a professor of communication at Georgia State University. HIs research focus in on US and international media history and global

communication. He has won numerous awards for his research and was even granted $1 million in funding to help train journalists and lead exchanges all around the world.

Traxel, David. 1898: The Birth of the American Century. New York: A.A. Knopf, 1998. Print.

David Traxels education includes a PhD from the University of California at Santa Clara. He is also an associate professor of history at the University of Sciences in Philadelphia.

"The United States Declares War on Spain, 1898." EyeWitness to History. Ibis Communications, Inc., 2005. Web. 3 Apr. 2013.

"University of Missouri School of Journalism." Missouri School of Journalism The Missouri Method Comments. N.p., n.d. Web. 31 Jan. 2013.

This website was used to learn about a journalism school that still exists today, the Missouri School of Journalism. The positive impact of Yellow Journalism was the greater awareness towards the occupation of writing and journalism.

Wagner, Rob Leicester. Red Ink, White Lies: The Rise and Fall of Los Angeles Newspapers, 1920-1962. Upland, CA: Dragonflyer, 2000. Print.

Beginning his journalism career in a small setting, Rob Leicester Wagner first worked for his hometown newspaper in Sierra Madre, California. He has experience in almost all the different working positions that involve journalism and has also worked throughout California. His love stemming from an extensive family of journalists, Wagner has applied his knowledge to the publications of 15 fifteen different books.

"William Randolph Hearst." Hearst Foundation. Hearst Foundations, 2013. Web. 8 Feb. 2013.

The Hearst Foundation donates money to non-profit organizations with a clear goal in mind, and as it is named after William Randolph Hearst, there had a good description of his life on the website.

"Without Fear or Favor." The New York Times 19 Aug. 1996: n. pag. Print.

Whyte, Kenneth. "The Uncrowned King: The Sensational Rise of William Randolph Hearst." Interview by Rebecca Brayton. WatchMojo. Mojo Supreme, n.d. Web. 10 Feb. 2013.

Kenneth Whyte is a historian who was interviewed about the life of William Randolph Hearst and how he impacted American journalism and newspapers while he was alive.

Whyte, Kenneth. The Uncrowned King: The Sensational Rise of William Randolph Hearst. Berkeley: Counterpoint, 2009. Print.

"Yellow Journalism." PBS. PBS, n.d. Web. 31 Jan. 2013.

This website provided information about the movie, The Crucible of the Empire, which provided information on the evolution of Yellow Journalism. The company or publisher was PBS, which stands for Public Broadcasting Service.

"Yellow Journalism: Spanish-American and Philippine-American Wars." World at War: Understanding Conflict and Society. ABC-CLIO, 2013. Web. 13 Jan. 2013.

This was one of the first articles we looked at, and it gives a great overview of Yellow Journalism in the Spanish-American and Philippine-American Wars. It discussed Joseph Pulitzer and William Hearst, as well as their involvement in the war; this was a good article to read when starting out the project because it laid things out for us chronologically, which was very helpful.