Acids and Bases

1. Which one of the following can be added to lemon juice to increase its pH? A B C D lime juice baking powder concentrated hydrochloric acid ethanoic acid

2. Which one of the following can react with both acids and alkalis? A B C D sulphur dioxide carbon monoxide zinc oxide sodium oxide

3. Which one of the following has the highest pH? A B C D 1.00 mol/dm3 aqueous ammonia 2.00 mol/dm3 aqueous ammonia 1.50 mol/dm3 sodium hydroxide 5.00 mol/dm3 ethanoic acid

4. Which one of the following acids require the largest volume of 1.00 mol/dm3 potassium hydroxide to neutralize? A B C D 1.50 dm3 0.20 mol/dm3 HCl 1.00 dm3 0.50 mol/dm3 H3PO4 1.00 dm3 1.00 mol/dm3 HCl 1.00 dm3 1.30 mol/dm3 CH3COOH

5. What volume of 1.00 mol/dm3 rubidium hydroxide, RbOH, is required to neutralize 25.0 cm3 of 0.500 mol/dm3 hydrochloric acid? A B C D 12.5 cm3 25.0 cm3 50.0 cm3 100 cm3

6. An element burns in air to form a compound which reacts with both acids and alkalis. Which element could it be? A B C D iron magnesium sulphur aluminium

7. Which magnesium compound does not increase the pH of dilute ethanoic acid? A B C D magnesium carbonate magnesium hydroxide magnesium magnesium chloride

8. How can you best prepare a solution of potassium sulphate safely? A B C D React potassium metal and sulphuric acid. Add potassium oxide to highly concentrated sulphuric acid. Titrate potassium hydroxide with sulphuric acid. Add potassium nitrate to dilute sulphuric acid.

9. What are the reagents you use to prepare barium sulphate safely? A B C D Add barium oxide to sulphuric acid. Add barium nitrate to sulphuric acid. Add barium to concentrated sulphuric acid. Add barium carbonate to dilute sulphuric acid.

10. Which one of the following is a neutral oxide? A B C D Sulphur dioxide Carbon monoxide Carbon dioxide Zinc oxide

11. 25 cm3 of 1 mol/dm3 dilute sulphuric acid was titrated with aqueous sodium hydroxide. A thermometer was placed in the conical flask containing initially the acid and the temperature reading was monitored. Based on the data given, what was the volume of sodium hydroxide when the end point was reached? Volume of sodium hydroxide added / cm3 5.0 6.0 7.0 8.0 9.0 10.0 10.1 A B C D 10.1 cm3 10.2 cm3 10.3 cm3 11.0 cm3 Temperature / oC Volume of sodium hydroxide added / cm3 10.2 10.3 10.4 10.5 11.0 12.0 13.0 Temperature / o C 35.7 35.8 35.7 35.6 35.0 34.5 33.9

33.0 33.4 34.0 34.3 35.0 35.5 35.6

12. A piece of magnesium does not react when put into a solution of hydrogen chloride in chloroform. Which one of the following changes will cause a reaction to occur? A B C D Adding a catalyst Increasing the temperature Increasing the concentration of hydrogen chloride in chloroform Adding water and stirring

13. Which salt can be prepared by precipitation? A B C D sodium nitrate ammonium sulphate silver chloride barium nitrate

14. Which statement describes a property of a weak acid in solution? A B C D The weak acid completely dissociates in water. The solution contains OH- ions. The solution turns Universal Indicator solution violet. The solution is likely to have a pH of 2.5 6.5

15. A solid, Y, when heated, gives off two gases, one of which turns red litmus blue. The other gas is known to dissolve in water to give an acidic solution. What could be solid Y? A B C D sodium carbonate zinc carbonate ammonium chloride magnesium hydroxide

16. The pH of an aqueous solution of ammonia is 9. What is likely to be the pH after a little hydrogen chloride gas is bubbled into the solution? A B C D 1 7 12 13

17. Which of the following, when added to water, makes a solution that is a good conductor of electricity? A B C D gold barium sulphate silver chloride hydrogen chloride

18. Which molecule / ion is present in the highest concentration in a 1 mol/dm 3 aqueous phosphoric acid, H3PO4? A B C D H+ ions OH- ions H3PO4 molecules H2O molecules

19. A piece of impure sodium hydroxide pellet, weighing 1.20 g, is dissolved in 100 cm3 of water. 25.0 cm3 of this solution is pipetted out and placed into a conical flask. This solution is titrated with 0.500 mol/dm 3 hydrochloric acid and it is found that 10.0 cm3 of acid is required for complete neutralization. (a) Calculate the concentration of the sodium hydroxide solution. (b) Calculate the number of moles of sodium hydroxide dissolved in the original 100 cm3 of water. (c) Calculate the percentage purity of sodium hydroxide. (d) Define the terms of an acid, a base and a salt. Give an example of each of these terms. Answers: 1. B 2. C 3. C 4. B 5. A 6. D 7. D 8. C 9. B 10. B 11. C 12. D 13. C 14. D 15. C 16. B 17. D

18. D (Water is present in excess in phosphoric acid; water is the solvent in large quantity)