#1
a.
Boxplot of y vs code
12 11 10 9
y
8 7 6 5 1 2 code 3 4
There seems to be more variability in the observations from code 2. We will probably see a difference in means because of code 1.
b.
c.
DF 3 36 39
F 5.70
P 0.003
Since the p-value is less than alpha, 0.003 0.05 , we reject the null hypothesis and conclude at least one pair of means is different, which is what we expected to see.
d.
Versus Fits
(response is data)
90
1.5
Percent
Residual
50
0.0
10
-1.5
-3.0 -3.0 -1.5 0.0 Residual 1.5 3.0 7.0 7.5 8.0 8.5 Fitted Value 9.0
1.5
Residual
0.0
-1.5
-3.0 1 2 code 3 4
The residuals vs. fits and code show no patterns. The normal probability plot shows that all of the points fall close to the lines. These things mean that the assumptions are met.
e.
Tukey Simultaneous Tests Response Variable data All Pairwise Comparisons among Levels of code code = 1 subtracted from: code 2 3 4 Difference of Means 2.130 1.830 1.490 SE of Difference 0.5601 0.5601 0.5601 T-Value 3.803 3.267 2.660 Adjusted P-Value 0.0029 0.0122 0.0539
code = 2 code 3 4
subtracted from: SE of Difference 0.5601 0.5601 T-Value -0.536 -1.143 Adjusted P-Value 0.9498 0.6660
code = 3 code 4
Based on the above results, 1 seems to be significantly different than 2 and 3, and marginally significantly different than 4.
#2
a)
Boxplot of yield
91.0 90.8 90.6
yield
temp pressure
150
160 200
170
150
160 215
170
150
160 230
170
Based on the boxplots it seems that the relationship for temp is the same at each level of pressure. Also, it seems that there is more variation in the response for the levels of temperature when the pressure is 230. Overall it looks like there is indeed something going for both factors.
b)
Analysis of Variance for yield, using Adjusted SS for Tests Source pressure temp pressure*temp Error Total DF 2 2 4 9 17 Adj SS 0.76778 0.30111 0.06889 0.16000 1.29778 Adj MS 0.38389 0.15056 0.01722 0.01778 F 21.59 8.47 0.97 P 0.000 0.009 0.470
Based on the above, we can remove the interaction. Now the reduced model becomes:
Analysis of Variance for yield, using Adjusted SS for Tests Source pressure temp Error Total DF 2 2 13 17 Seq SS 0.76778 0.30111 0.22889 1.29778 Adj SS 0.76778 0.30111 0.22889 Adj MS 0.38389 0.15056 0.01761 F 21.80 8.55 P 0.000 0.004
Versus Fits
(response is yield)
90
0.1
Residual
Percent
50
0.0
-0.1 10 -0.2 1
-0.30
-0.15
0.00 Residual
0.15
0.30
90.0
90.2
90.6
90.8
0.1
Residual Residual
0.1
0.0
0.0
-0.1
-0.1
-0.2
-0.2
200
210 pressure
220
230
150
155
160 temp
165
170
d) Now lets look at the main effect plots. Recall that the response is yield, which we are trying to maximize:
Mean
215
230
150
160
170
Based on the plots above, we should set pressure to 215 and temperature to 170 to maximize the yield.
#3 a)
Boxplot of strength
201.0 201.0
Boxplot of strength
199.5
strength strength
199.5
198.0
198.0
196.5
196.5
195.0 3 4
195.0 2 4 8
%Conc
199.5
strength
198.0
196.5
Pressure
Based on this, it does seem that each factor has some effect on strength.
b)
Analysis of Variance for strength, using Adjusted SS for Tests Source DF %Conc 2 Pressure 2 Cooking Time 1 %Conc*Pres 4 %Conc*Cook 2 Press*Cook 2 3-way 4 Error 18 Total 35 Adj SS 7.7639 19.3739 20.2500 6.0911 2.0817 2.1950 1.9733 6.5800 66.3089 Adj MS 3.8819 9.6869 20.2500 1.5228 1.0408 1.0975 0.4933 0.3656 F 10.62 26.50 55.40 4.17 2.85 3.00 1.35 P 0.001 0.000 0.000 0.015 0.084 0.075 0.290
Versus Fits
1 0 -1 -2
50 10 1 -2 -1 0 Residual 1
196
200
Histogram
10.0
Frequency Residual
Versus Order
1 0 -1 -2
7.5 5.0 2.5 0.0 -1.6 -0.8 0.0 Residual 0.8 1.6
10
15 20 25 Observation Order
30
35
Based on the normality plot, we may have a potential outlier, but it seems to be still ok. The same goes for the fits plot.
Residuals Versus Cooking Time
(response is strength)
Residual
Residual
-1
-1
-2 2 4 %Conc 6 8
Residual
-1
These seem to be fine as well. If you are not convinced, you can do the tests with the residuals.
e)
198.5
Mean
198.0
197.5
3 Cooking Time
Based on the main effect plot, we should set cooking time to 4 hrs. Based on the interaction plot, we should set percent concentration of hardwood to 2 and pressure to 650.