PETROLEUM FACILITIES OF

0 E R M A N Y

Prepared by
The Enemy Oil Committee
for the
Fuels and Lubricants Division
Office of The Quartermaster General

March, 1945

at 12 year intervals; not auto. COPY NO.

-1­
 Arrangements for the preparation and distribution

of supplementary information pertinent to this report

are contemplated* Request is made that advices con­

cerning corrections and useful addenda for the report

be sent to the:

Director, Fuels and Lubricants Division

Office of the Quartermaster General

Washington, D . C •

-2­
 C O N T E N T S

1.0 INTRODUCTION (Page 11)

.1 General ( p . 11)
•2 S t r a t e g i e considerations ( p . 12)
e
I S e r F 0 r a t l < ? n 8 ' agenoies and com
Pul 8 ory trade associations (p. 12)

2.0 PRODUCING (Page 21)

.1 Summary (p. 21)

Charaoter of German orude oils (p. 21)

.2 Strategic considerations (p. 22)

•3 History of development (p. 23)

.4 Geology of Germany (p. 25)

Petroliferous distriots (p. 25)

Historical geology (p. 27)

.5 North German oil fields (p. 33)

General (p. 33)

Geology (p. 33)

Alte Piccardie (Georgsdorf) field (p. 41)

Broistedt field (p. 42)

Coevorden field (p. 43)

Dalum (Lingen) field (p. 43)

Eickeloh (Hademstorf) field (p. 44)

Emlichheim (p. 44)

Epenwflhrden North f i e l d (p. 45)

EpenwOhrden South field (p. 45)

Etzel oil field (p. 45)

Fallstein field (p. 46)

Feldbergen (M81me Extension) field (p. 47)

Fuhrberg field (p. 47)

Gifhorn field (p. 48)

Heide field (p. 49)

Hammingstedt field (p. 49)

Hemmingstedt-Kanzlei field (p* 50)

Hope-Lindwedel (Adolphsglueck) field (p. 50)

Linden field (p. 51)

Meckelfeld field (p. 52)

Meldorferhafen field (p. 52)

MOlme f i e l d ( p . 52)
Nienhagen-Hanigsen-Obershagen-Eiohlingen f i e l d (p. 53)
Oberg f i e l d (p. 57)
fllheim-BerkhOpen-Bdesse f i e l d (p. 58)
Reltbrook f i e l d (p. 59)
Rodewald (Steimbke) f i e l d ( p . 61)
SohOningen f i e l d (p. 63)
Sottorf f i e l d (p. 63)
Westerholz (Wesendorf) f i e l d (p. 64)
Wietze f i e l d (p. 65)
Other f i e l d s (p. 67)
.6 Thuringian Basin o i l f i e l d s ( p . 67)
General ( p . 67)
Geology (p. 68)
Volkenroda f i e l d (p. 69)
.7 Rhine Valley Graben o i l f i e l d s (p. 70)
General ( p . 70)
Geology ( p . 70)
Bruchsal-Forst f i e l d ( p . 72)
Weiher f i e l d (p. 74)
Weingarten f i e l d (p. 74)
.8 Bavarian (Munich) Basin o i l f i e l d s (p. 75)
General (p. 75)
Geology ( p . 75)
Tegernsee f i e l d (p.. 78)
Salsburg, e t c . (p. .78)
.9 Oil shale e x p l o i t a t i o n ( p . 80)
3.0 REFINING (Page 85)
.1 General (p. 85)
*2 ^"Brenntag" Brennstoff-Chwoikalien- und Transport A.G. ( p . 89)
Deutsch-Amerikanische Petroieum-Geaellsohaft (p. 89)
Mineralfllwerk Lichtenberg G.m.b.H. & Co., K.G. (P. 89)
.3 Bremen (p. 89)

Deutsohe Vacuum Oel A.G. (p. 89)

.4 Dolbergen (p.93)

Deutsche Gasolin A.G. (p. 93J

DOr
.5 5e^?faiische Mineraloel- und Asphaltwerke, W.H. Schmitz K.G. (p. 93)

Dtt
.6 "eitsch-Amerikanisohe Petroleum-Geaellsohaft (p. 95)

Rhenania-Ossag MineralOlwerke A.G. (P. 95)

-3­
 CONTENTS (Continued)

3.0 REFINING (oontinued)

.7 Emmerioh (p. 99)

Deutsohe Gasolin A.G. (p. 99)

.8 Hamburg (p. 100)

Deutsche Petroleum A.G. (p. 100)

Deutsche Vacuum Oel A.G. (p. 100)

Ebaao Asphalt-Werke A.G. (p. 103)

Europflische Tanklager- und Transport A.G. (Eurotank) (p. 106)

Mineralfllwerke Albreoht & Co. K.G. (p. 115)

Oelwerke Julius Sohlndler G.m.b.H. (p. 115)

Rhenania-Ossag MineralOlwerke A.G.» Harburg, (p. 115)

Rhenania-Osaag MineralOlwerke A.G., Grasbrook, (p. 121)

Rhenania-Ossag MineralOlwerke A.G., Wilhelmsburg (p. 121)

Ernst Sohliemann's Oelwerke (p. 121)

.9 Hannover (p. 125)

Deurag-Nerag (Gewerksohaft Deutsche Erdfll-Raffinerie and Gewerksohaft Neue Brdfll-Raffinerie (p.125)

.10 Heide-Hemmingstedt (p. 131)

Holsteinisohe BrdOlwerke G.m.b.H. (p. 131)

.11 Monheim (p. 131)

Rhenania-Ossag Mineralfllwerke A.G. (p. 131)

.12 Ostermoor (p. 135)

MineralOl und Asphaltwerke A.G. (p. 135)

.13 Peine (p. 135)

MineralOlwerke Peine (Julius Sohindler)(p. 135)

.14 Regensburg (p. 135)

Rhenania-Oasag MineralOlwerke A.G. (p. 135)

.15 Rositz (p. 137)

Deutsche Petroleum A.G. (p. 137)

•16 Salzbergen (p. 137)

ErdOl-Raffinerie Salzbergen G.m.b.H. (Ersag)(p. 137)

.17 Voltol lubricating oil plant, Dresden (p. 139)

.18 Tetra-ethyl lead plants (p. 140)

DBberitz (p. 140)

Nachterstedt (p. 141)

4.0 SYNTHETIC OIL PRODUCTION (Page 143)

.1 General (p. 143)

.2 Principal companies (p. 144)

.3 Prooesses (p. 146)

General (p. 146)

High temperature carbonization of coal (p. 147)

Low temperature oarbonization (p. 147)

Hydrogenation (Bergius - I.G.)(p. 148)

Hydrocarbon synthesis (Fisoher-Tropsoh) (p. 151)

.4 Production (p. 152)

High temperature carbonization (p. 153)

Low temperature oarbonization (p. 153)

Hydrogenation (Bergius)(p. 154)

Hydrocarbon synthesis (Fischer-Tropsoh)(p. 156)

Total production (p. 157)

.5 Coal consumption (p. 158)

.6 Individual plant descriptions (p. 159)

General (p. 159)

Bleohhammer North (p. 165)

Blechhammer South (p. 169)

Bflhlen-Rotha (p. 171)

Bottrop-Welheim (p. 173)

Castrop-Rauxel (p. 173)

Desohowitz (p. 175)

Dortmund (p. 177)

Gelsenkirchen (p. 181)

Holten-Sterkrade (p. 183)
Homberg (p. 185)

Eamen (p. 186)

Leuna (p. 190)

Lutzkendorf (191)

Magdeburg (p. 193)

POlitz (p. 200)

Ruhland-Schwarzheide (p. 201)

Scholven (p. 205)

Wanne Eiokel (p. 206)

Weaseling (p. 209)

Zeitz-TrOglitz (p. 212)

5.0 DISTRIBUTING (Page 217)

.1 Introduction (p. 217)

.2 Consumption (p. 217)

General (p. 217)

Industrial and oivilian consumption of liquid petroleum products in Germany during 1943 (p. 217)

Summary of estimated consumption 1943 as oompared to 1938 (p. 221)

.3 Supplies (p. 224)

.4 Substitute fuels - liquid (p. 225)

General (p. 225)

-4­
 C O N T E N T S (Continued)

5.0
DISTRIBUTING (continued)

.4
Substitute fuels - liquid (oontinued)

Aloohol (p. 225)

Benzol (p. 226)

Liquid gas (p. 226)

.5
Substitute fuels - solid and gaseous (p. 228)

General (p. 228)

Bffielenoy of substitute driven vehicles (p. 229)

Production and distribution of solid and gaseous substitute fuels in Germany (p. 229)

consumption of solid and gaseous substitute fuels in 1943 (p. 230)

Private motor vehicles using solid and gaseous substitute fuels (p. 231)

Busses using.solid and gaseous substitute fuels (p. 231)

Truoks using solid and gaseous substitute fuels (p. 231)

The use of generator motors on railroads (p. 232)

The use of generator motors in shipping (p. 232)

The use of generators in agriculture (p. 232)

The use of substitute fuels in industry (p. 233)

•6
Transportation (p. 233)

General (p. 233)

Inland waterways (p. 235)

Oil transportation (p. 236)

.7
Ocean terminals (p. 239)

General (p, 239)

Cuxhaven (p. £41)

Bmden (p. 243)

Elbe River terminals - Hamburg, Schulau, Stade (p. 243)

Kaiser Wilhelm (Kiel) Canal, Brflnsbuttel, Flemhude, Kiel, Ostermoor. Rendsburg, Sohaftstedt (p.258)

Stettin (p. 263)

Weser River terminals - Blexen, Brake, Bremen, Bremerhaven, Einswarden, Farge and Nordenham (p.265)

Wilhelmshaven (p. 271)

.8
Strategio storage (p. 273)

General (p. 273)

Aohim (p. 281)

Bleckede {p. 282)

Ouxhayen - Nordholz (p. 283)

Derben (p. 283)

Farge (p. 285)

Flemhude (p. 285)

Freiham (p. 285)

Hitzaoker (p. 287)

Kiel (p. 288)

Neuburg (p. 288)

Nienburg (P

(p. 289)

Oldendorf (p. 290)

r TP .

SwinemQnde (p.291)

Stassfurt (p. 291)

Wilhelmshaven (p. 291)

«9
Interior bulk plants (p. 293)

.10
Distributing companies (p. 293)

.11
Government control and rationing (p. 296)

Official and semi-official agencies (p. 296)

Allocations and rationing (p. 302)

Miscellaneous regulations (p. 306)

Allocation and distribution of substitute fuels (p. 308)

.12
Summary of bulk storage I'aoilities (p. 309)

6.0
APPENDICES (Page 346)

Appendix 1 - Conversion factors used in this report (p. 346)

Appendix 2 - Analyses of German orude oils (p. 347)

Appendix 3 - German crude oil analyses (p. 348)

Appendix 4 — Analyses of Rodewald crude (p. 349)

Appendix 5 - Analyses of Oberg orude (p. 350)

Appendix 6 - Analyses of Reitbrook crude (p. 350)

Appendix 7 - German firms specializing in oil field drilling equipment (p. 351)

Appendix 8 - Plants engaged in the regeneration of used lubrioants (p. 352)

Appendix 9 - W.I.F.O. branch offices and personnel (p. 353) f „ .

Appendix 10 - Definitely oonfirmed W.I.F.O. Aussenstellen (branoh offices) in Germany (p. 354)

Appendix 11 - Sources of port and harbor maps for Germany (p. 355)

Appendix 12 - Jurisdiction of the Reiohsstelle fttr MineralOl (p. 356) , , _ „ , , , .

Appendix 13 - Internal organization of the Mineral Oil Economy division in the Ministry of

Beonamios (p. 357)

Appendix 14 - Internal organization of the Reichsstelle fur MineralOl (Reioh Board for Mineral Oil)

and its personnel (p. 358)

ADDendix 15 - Organization and leaders of the oil groups (p. 359)

tnnendix 16 - Materials to be regarded as lubrioants (p. 363)

AOTendix 17 - Jurisdiction of various steering boards for the allocation of lubrioants (p. 364)

Appendix 18 - Distributing boards for bitumen (p. 366)

INDEX (Page 367)

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 L I S T OF I L L U S T R A T I O N S

Page
10 Map showing p r i n c i p a l roads of Germany

26 Oil regions of Germany

28 Map showing d i s t r i b u t i o n of s a l t domes in Northern Germany

32 Map showing o i l f i e l d s of Northwestern Europe

34 Generalized s t r a t i g r a p h i o section of Northwestern Germany

36 Sketch map of Northwestern Germany showing known s a l t domes and fold axes

37 Types of German s a l t domes

38 Seismic r e f r a c t i o n map of Northwestern Germany

40 Geologioal c r o s s - s e c t i o n through t h e Subherzynian basin

42 Sketch of t h e Alte Piccardie (Georgsdorf)oil f i e l d

44 Sketch of the Dalum (Lingen) o i l f i e l d

46 Sketoh of the Etzel o i l f i e l d

47 Sketoh of the Fuhrberg o i l f i e l d

48 Sketch of the Gifhorn f i e l d

50 Map showing o i l f i e l d s a t Hemmingstedt, SpenwOhrden and Meldorf

51 Cross-section of the Hope-Lindwedel o i l f i e l d constructed from well records

53 Generalized map of the Nienhagen-Obershagen o i l f i e l d

54 Nienhagen o i l f i e l d

55 P a r t l y schematic seotion through the Nienhagen o i l f i e l d

56 Sketch of Hanigsen o i l f i e l d

57 Sketch of Oberg-MOlme o i l f i e l d s

59 Seotion through the Qlheim-Odesse o i l f i e l d

60 Reitbrook o i l f i e l d

62 Rodewald (Steimbke) oil field

62 Cross-section of the Rodewald oil field

63 Cross-seotion through the Sottorf salt dome

64 Westerholz (Wessendorf) oil field

66 Sketch of Wietze oil field

66 Geological cross-seotion through the Wietze oil field

71 Sections through Rhein Valley Graben oil fields, Baden, Germany

73 The fault structure of the Rhine Valley Graben

75 Map showing location of Weingarten oil field

77 Map showing magnetic axes, Bavarian Basin, Germany

"7 Sketoh map showing the geologioal setting of the Munich Basin, deep wells and shows of oil and gas

79 Well logs, Bavarian Basin

84 Mac showing locations of petroleum refineries and specialty plants of Germany

90 Refinery, Deutsch-Amerikanische Petroleum-Gesellschaft, Berlin

91 Layout plan of refinery, Deutsche Vaouum Oel A.G., Bremen (Oslebshausen)

95 Location map, refining facilities, Dttsseldorf area

96 Refinery, Deutsch-Amerikanische Petroleum-Gesellschaft, DOsseldorf

97 Refinery, Rhenania-Ossag MineralOlwerke A.G. and R.W.E. Power station, Dttsseldorf-Reisholz

100 Location map, refinery of Deutsohe Gasolin A.G., Emmerich

101 Layout plan of refineries, Deutsche Vaouum Oel A.G. and Deutsch-Amerikanisohe Petroleum-Gesellschaft,

Sohulau (near Hamburg)

105 Plan of Sbano Asphalt-Werke A.G., Harburg (Hamburg)

108 Layout plan of refinery, EuropSische Tanklager und Transport A.G. (Eurotank), Neuer Petroleumhafen,Hamburg

111 Flowsheet of topping cracking and reforming units, refinery of EuropSische Tanklager und Transport, Neuer

Petroleumhafen, Hamburg

112 Flowsheet of sweetener and agitator plants, refinery of Europflische Tanklager und Transport, Neuer

Petroleumhafen, Hamburg

113 Flowsheet of reoovery and stabilization plants, refinery of Europfiische Tanklager und Transport, Neuer

Petroleumhafen, Hamburg

116 Map showing petroleum facilities, Wilhelmsburg & Neuhof areas, Hamburg

117 Map showing petroleum facilities, Grasbrook area, Hamburg

118 Refinery of Rhenania-Ossag MineralOlwerke A.G., Harburg (Hamburg)

120 Refinery, Rhenania-Ossag Mineral8lwerke A.G., Hamburg-Grasbrook

123 Refineries of Rhenania-Ossag MineralOlwerke A.G. and Deutsche Petroleum A.G., Hamburg-Wilhelmsburg

124 Map showing refining facilities, Hannover area

127 Refineries of Gewerkschaft Neue Erdfll Raffinerie (Nerag) and Gewerksohaft Deutsche ErdOl Raffinerie

(Deurag), Misburg (Near Hannover)

129 Flowsheet of various installations, refinery of Nerag & Deurag, Misburg

132 Refinery and oil mine, Holsteinische ErdOlwerke A.G., Heide-Hemmingstedt

133 Refinery, Rhenania-Ossag MineralOlwerke A.G., Monheim

135 Refinery of MlneralOl u. Asphaltwerke, Ostermoor

136 L.T.C. plant and refinery, Deutsche Petroleum A.G., Rositz

138 Plan of ErdOl Raffinerie Salzbergen (Ersag), Salzbergen

139 Location map, Rhenania-Ossag MineralOlwerke A.G., Freital

141 Tetra-ethyl lead plant, I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G., DOberitz

142 Map showing locations of synthetic plants, Germany

149 Simplified flow diagram of typical 2-stage hydrogenation plant

150 Bergius hydrogenation, simplified flowsheet for plants operating on brown coal and bituminous coal

151 Fischer-Tropsch prooess, simplified flowsheet for a plant operating on hard coal

161 Location map of synthetic plants, Western Ruhr area

162 Location map of synthetic plants, Leipzig area

163 Looation map of synthetic plants and petroleum refinery, Central Ruhr area

164 Looation map of hydrogenation plants, Oberschlesisohe Hydrierwerke A.G., Blechhammer North and Blechhammer

South, Silesia

166 Hydrogenation plant, Oberschlesisohe Hydrierwerke A.G., Blechhanmer North, Silesia

168 Hydrogenation plant, Oberschlesisohe Hydrierwerke A.G., Blechhammer South, Silesia

-6­
 and Figures (continued)

Page

ISlit
ppas as.^xx
plant, Rheinpreussen G.m.b.H., Homberg

i2! Jischer-Tropsoh and hydrogenation plant, Wintershall A.G., Ltttzkendorf (near Mflohlen)
194 Hydrogeiiation plant, Braunkohle-Benzin A.G. (Brabag), Magdeburg
,«E £ ° ° a t i o n **?» nydrogenatlon plant of Braunkohle-Benzin A.G. (Brabag)MagdeburR
198 Hydrogenation plant, Hydrierwerke Pfllitz A.G., PO11tz «Hsimgasourg
199 Location map, Hydrierwerke POlitz, A.G. POlitz
f«» location map, Fischer-Tropsoh plant of Braunkohle-Benzin A.G. (Brabag), Ruhland-Schwarzheide
203 Flscher-Tropach plant, Braunkohle-Benzin A.G.. (Brabag), Ruhland-Schwarzheide
204 Hydrogenatlon plant, Hydrierwerke Scholven A.G., Soholven
207 Fischer-Tropsch plant, Krupp Treibstoffwerke G.m.b.H., Wanne-Elckel
210 Looation map, hydrogenation plant of Union Rheinische Braunkohlen-Kraftstoff A.G., Weaseling
211 Hydrogenation plant of Union Rheinische Braunkohlen-Kraftstoff A.G. Wessellng
213 Hydrogenation plant, Braunkohle-Benzin A.G. (Brabag), Zeitz-TrBglitz
214 Looation map, chemical plant, synthetio o i l and rubber experimental station of I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G.,
Ludwigshafen

216 Map showing principal inland waterways and railways of Germany

234 Inland waterways of Germany
240 Location map showing G«rman North Sea ports and Kaiser Wilhelm Canal, bulk terminal and bunkering points
242 Map showing petroleum f a c i l i t i e s , Cuxhaven
242 Plan of strategic storage plant, Nordholz
243 Map showing location of probable Naval storage at Emden
246 Map showing petroleum f a c i l i t i e s of the Hamburg area
248 Map of petroleum f a c i l i t i e s , Neuer Petroleumhafen area, Hamburg
250 Layout plan of ooean terminal, Deutsch-Amerikanische Petroleum-Gesellsohaft, Neuer Petroleumhafen, Hamburg
251 Bulk plant, "Olex" Deutsche Benzin- und Petroleum- G.m.b.H., Neuer Petroleumhafen, Hamburg
252 Ocean terminal, EuropBische Tanklager und Transport A.G. (Eurotank), Neuer Petroleumhafen, Hamburg
253 Ocean terminal, Atlantio Refining Co., G.m.b.H., Hamburg-Grasbrook
254 Ocean terminal, Deutsohe BrdSl A.G., Neuhof area, Hamburg
255 Sketch plan of o i l storage plant, Kohlenschiffhaven, Hamburg
255 Sketch plan of unidentified o i l storage plant, Hamburg-Wilhelmsburg
256 Map showing of petroleum f a c i l i t i e s of Harburg (Hamburg) area
258 Location map and detail plan of ooean terminal, MineralOlwerke Stade, Andresen, Tafel & Co., K.G.t Stade
260 Kaiser Wilhelm Canal, ooean terminal f a c i l i t i e s
261 Flemhude Naval o i l storage
263 Looation map, port of Stettin
264 Ocean terminal, Deutsch-Amerikanische Petroleum-Gesellschaft, Stettin
265 Ooean terminal f a c i l i t i e s , Bremerhaven (Wesemunde) area
267 Looation map, ooean terminal f a c i l i t i e s , Brake
268 Location map of strategio storage terminal, Farge
269 Looation map, petroleum f a c i l i t i e s , Bremen
270 Map showing ocean terminal f a c i l i t i e s , Wilhelmshaven
274 Map showing strategio storage f a o i l l t i e s , Western Germany
278 Types of German storage tanks
282 Map showing strategio storage plant, Achim
283 Sketoh plan of strategio storage plant, Bleckede
284 Sketch plan of strategio storage plant at Derben
286 Sketoh plan of strategic storage plant at Freiham (Unter Pfaffenhofen)
287 Sketoh map of strategic storage plant at Hitzaoker
289 Sketch map of strategic plant a t Neuburg a. D. (Unterhausen)
290
330 Sketch map of01ex
Bulk plant? strategio
D u t s storage plant at Oldendorf
329 Map showing 6 petroleum storageli i points of
n Germany B _,.
§32
330 B
Bulk plant? "01ex DeutscheBe
^ k i t S ? ^01ex-XutscL
w nzin-9Si
Benzin- undpetroleum-G.m.b.H., Breslau-Woischwitz
Petroleum-G.m.b.H., Aken a. D. Blbe
S XLlii9Sin
III Sap showing petroleum facilities, Dusseldorf area
S I ^ ^ f a S S i S * ! S « 2 S S ^ 2 S ? a Petroleum-G.m.b.H., K6ln-Braunsfeld
S? Bulk S S t ! "Olex" Deutsche Benzin- und Petroleum-G.m.b.H., Lubeck
340 Map showing petroleum f a c u l t i e s , Magdeburg „„>,„<„,
341 Bulk plantT Deutsch-Amerikanische Petroleum-Gesellschaft, Mannheim

KS&«- ^.-.»
345 Map showing petroleum f a c i l i t i e s of Regensburg

Table B and Charts

18 Principal German o i l oompanies

22 Analyses of German crude o i l s

29 Oil prospects in Germany

-7­
 Table s and Charts (Continued)

Page

81 Shale o i l plants
82 Production of the German o i l fields
85 German refining activity prior to 1938
86 Principal German petroleum refineries
95 Details of Tankage, Rhenania-Ossag Mineralfllwerke A.G., Dflsseldorf
121 Details of tankage, Rhenania-Ossag MinerslOlwerke A.G., Grasbrook (Hamburg)
128 Tankage l i s t , Nerag lube o i l refinery, 1939
130 "Nerag" lube o i l plant production (basis 1939 projeots completed), Misburg, Hannover, Germany
137 Details of tankage, Rhenania-Ossag Mineralslwerke A.G., Regensburg
152 Distribution of products In Fischer-Tropsch prooess, synthetic crude o i l
153 Liquid fuels and lubrioants refined from high temperature tars
154 Liquid fuels and lubricants refined from low temperature tars
155 Annual capacities of hydrogenation plants
156 Hydrocarbon synthesis (Fischer-Tropsch) plants, annual capacity of primary products
157 Hydrocarbon synthesis products
157 Estimated annual production of finished products by German synthetio oil plants as of January 1, 1944

and without allowances for war damage to plants

160 Syhthetlo oil plants in Germany

165 Details of tankage, Bleohhammer North

171 Details of tankage, BOhlen-Rotha

175 Details of tankage, Desohowitz

177 Details of tankage, Dortmund

181 Details of tankage, Gelsenkirchen

185 Details of tankage, Homberg

187 Details of tankage, Kamen

197 Details of tankage, Magdeburg

200 Details of tankage, POlitz

206 Details of tankage, Soholven

209 Details of tankage, Wessellng

212 Details of tankage, Zeitz-TrOglitz

215 Important German benzol plants

221 Estimated Industrial and civilian consumption of liquid fuels and lubrioants in Germany, 1943

221 Estimated Industrial and civilian consumption of liquid fuels and lubricants in Germany, 1938

222 Prewar imports of petroleum produots, Germany

223 Prewar exports of petroleum products, Germany

524 Estimated annual production on 1943 basis

525 Alcohol consumption as motor fuel

227 List of German steel bottle manufacturers with symbols

228 Characteristics of solid generator fuels

230 Estimated number of motor vehicles in Germany using gaseous and solid substitute fuel as of July 1943

231 Estimated quantities of light fuels saved by the use of gaseous and solid fuels in Germany, 1943

243 Details of tankage, Cuzhaven-Nordholz

243 Details of tankage, Emden

245 Summary of terminal tankage at Hamburg

249 Summary of terminal tankage at Neuer Petroleumhafen

257 Details of tankage, Stade

259 Details of tankage, Ostermoor

259 Details of tankage, Schaftstedt

259 Details of tankage, Rendsburg

261 Details of tankage, Flemhude

262 Details of tankage, Kiel

263 D.A.P.G. terminal tankage, Stettin

265 Rhenania-Ossag terminal tankage, Stettin
266 Estimated tankage, Bremerhaven
266 Details of tankage, Blezen
267 Details of tankage, Brake
268 Details of tankage, Farge
271 Oil storage installations, Wilhelmshaven

271 Details of tankage, Sande

272 Details of tankage, Tirpitzhaven
272 Details of tankage, Hipperhafen
273 Details of tankage, Torpedobootshafen
275 S t a t i s t i c a l summary of strategio bulk storage f a c i l i t i e s
280 Identified major strategic reserve storage installations
282 Summary of storage tankage, Achim
283 Summary of tankage, Bleckede
284 Summary of estimated tankage, Derben
286 Summary of estimated storage tankage, Freiham
291 Total Tankage, Oldendorf
292 Marketing s t a t i s t i c s of the leading o i l companies in Germany, 1938
297 Organization diagram of the institutions controlling "the o i l industry in Germany
299 Organization of groups oonnected with oil production and distribution
303 The system controlling the wartime distribution of motor fuel in Germany
305 List of industrial users and their steering boards
310 S t a t i s t i c a l summary of storage f a c i l i t i e s

Photographs
92 View looking east, refinery of Deutsche Vaouum Oel A.G., Bremen (Oslebshausen)
92 View of Deutsche Vacuum Oel A.G. refinery, Bremen (Oslebshausen), from power station looking northeast
toward storage tanks

-8­
 Photographs (Continued)

Page

94 View of d i s t i l l a t i o n section, refinery of Deutsch-Amerikanische Petroleum-Gesellsohaft, Dtlsseldorf

98 View looking northeast, refinery of Rhenanla-Ossag MineralOlwerke A.G., Reisholz (near Dtlsseldorf)
102 View looking southeast, refineries of Deutsche Vacuum Oel A.G. and Deutsch-Amerikanische Petroleum-
Gesellschaft, Schulau (near Hamburg)
104 View looking north, refineries of Bbano Asphalt-Werke A.G. (in foreground) and Rhenania-Ossag MineralOl­
werke A.G. at Harburg (Hamburg)

107 View looking north, various processing units, "Eurotank" refinery, Neuer Petroleumhafen, Hamburg
110 View looking south, oraoking and Lachman plant, "Burotank" refinery, Neuer Petroleumhafen, Hamburg
114 View looking southeast, rundown tanks and storage tanks, "Eurotank" refinery, Neuer Petroleumhafen, Hamburg
119 View looking e a s t , refinery of Rhenania-Ossag MineralBlwerke A.G., Hamburg-Grasbrook
119 View looking south, refinery of Rhenania-Ossag MineralOlwerke A.G., Hamburg-Harburg
122 Refineries of Rhenania-Ossag MineralSlwerke A.G. and Deutsohe Petroleum A.G. at Hamburg-Wilhelmsburg
126 Views of Nerag and Deurag refinery, Misburg (near Hannover)
134 Refinery of Rhenania-Ossag MineralOlwerke A.G., Monheim, near Dusseldorf
167 Aerial view of hydrogenation plant, Obersohlesische Hydrierwerke A.G., Blechhammer North (near Cosel)
179 Aerial view of Fischer-Tropsch plant, Hoesch Benzin G.m.b.H., Dortmund
195 View of hydrogenation Dlant of Braunkohle-Benzin A.G. (Brabag) Magdeburg
199 Aerial photo of Hydrierwerke PSlitz A.G., PBlitz
210 Aerial photograph of Wesseling i n s t a l l a t i o n , dated 1941
244 View of Neuer Petroleumhafen, Hamburg
294 Service station on autobahn near Hannover
294 Service station on autobahn near H«rmsdorf
295 Service stations on autobahn near Michendorf
295 .Service station on autobahn near Hienberg
10 - INTRODUCTION

German road map

 INTRODUCTION - 11

General

PETROLEUM FACILITIES OF GERLCANY

1.0 I N T R O D U C T I O N

1.1 GENERAL

Scope.- The purpose of this report is to describe briefly all of the signifi­
cant aspects of the petroleum economy of Germany and of the more important petro­
leum installations in that country. For this purpose, Germany is defined as that

area lying within the boundaries of Germany prior to the 1938 Anschluss. It,

therefore, excludes Austria, Sudetenland, Danzig and other occupied territories.

A map of the area appears on page 10, and maps also appear elsewhere in the report.

The difficulties inherent in the wartime preparation of any such comprehensive

report on an enemy country are augmented by the fact that for several years prior

to the war and as her military preparations increased, Germany endeavored to con­
ceal many of the activities and developments of her important industries. Foreign

observers were severely restricted and transmittal of information subjected to

strict censorship. Thus, many of the officially published statistics are open to

question and even prewar reports submitted to American and British companies by

their, more or less autonomous, German subsidiaries were considerably restricted

as to content.

The German industrial organization is extensive and complex and analysis of

the petroleum industry is rendered more difficult by the tremendous expansion of

the synthetic oil program and the multitudinous interrelations that exist in vary­
ing degrees between the petroleum, coal, chemical, and other industries. Thus,

while it is possible to present the broad outlines of the German petroleum economy,

at many points definite details are lacking. Many of the figures contained in

this report are, of necessity, estimates, and while they have been carefully com­
piled, giving weight to all available evidence, they should be used with that qual­
ification in mind.

Imports and exports.- Prior to the war the major part of Germany's petroleum

requirements were imported, mostly from the Americas. Imports in 1935 amounted to

something like 28,270,000 barrels (a), and in 1938 exceeded 36,650,000 barrels, a

part of which, no doubt, was stock-piled as a war reserve. Until these sources also

were denied them, the Germans imported some quantities from Rumania and Hungary and

still obtain small quantities from Austria. German petroleum exports were natur­
ally small, but even after the start of the war she did manufacture and export con­
siderable quantities of high grade and special lubricating oils. These small-

volume high-value products provided a convenient source of foreign exchange.

Production.- Although for a number of years Germany has carried on intensive

search for petroleum deposits within her boundaries, discoveries have been limited

and production is meager. Annual indigenous production was almost doubled between

1937 and 1944, but it still amounts to only about 700,000 metric tons (5,000,000

barrels) and any sudden large increase appears doubtful. Much of the German crude,

however, is suitable for the manufacture of lubricating oil.

Refining - Prior to the war Germany had some 30 major refineries, plus an un­
known' numbe'r^of minor plants, operating on indigenous and imported supplies. Since

pprmanv's crude production was small and much of her requirements were imported in

a finished or semi-finished state, cracking plants are not numerous and many of the

refineries are, in reality, only rerunning or lubricating oil-treating plants.

Svnthetic production.- The outstanding feature of Germany's oil economy has

been the rapid development of her synthetic production. There are 20 major syn­

a) "^rever the word "barrels" appears in this report, a barrel of 42 U. S.

gallons is meant.

12 - INTRODUCTION

Strategic considerations

thetic oil plants within Germany, having an estimated aggregate annual production

capacity of over 4,225,000 metric tons (29,575,000 barrels) of products. These

costly plants rely largely on coal as a source of raw material and, though the fin­
ished products are extremely expensive from orthodox commercial viewpoints, they

constitute the major supplies of aviation and motor gasoline for the armed forces.

Distributing.- In normal times the civilian and industrial consumption of pe­

troleum products in Germany was large, amounting to something like 7,000,000 metric

tons or approximately 54,000,000 barrels per year. Distributing companies serving

this demand were numerous, though some 60 per cent of the total trade was held by

five or six large companies.

Bulk storage facilities were plentiful and tank cars, bulk barges, trucks and

gasoline stations were of modern design. Large quantities of bulk products were

moved by barges on the extensive system of inland waterways.

1.2 STRATEGIC CONSIDERATIONS

The vital strategic importance of oil production, oil supplies, and oil hand­
ling facilities hardly need be reiterated here. That this importance is universally

appreciated is demonstrated by the supreme efforts the Germans have expended to

build and protect both their natural and synthetic oil production and attendant

facilities, regardless of cost, and the high priority enjoyed by these installations

as targets for Allied bombers.

The highest strategic importance is held by the synthetic plants which consti­
tute the greatest present source of aviation and motor gasoline for the German armed

forces. Since total refinery capacity exceeds Germany's small indigenous crude pro­
duction, petroleum refineries are of somewhat secondary strategic importance.

All German synthetic plants and refineries have been severely bombed and have

sustained considerable damage, but these plants have not proved to be quite as vul­
nerable targets as was anticipated. It is very difficult to completely knock out

such plants and the Germans have demonstrated an unusual ability to rehabilitate

them and keep them in at least partial operation.

Bulk storage plants have also proven difficult to completely destroy and though

much tankage has been damaged, bulk plants are numerous and no shortage of storage

is likely to exist. Furthermore, most of Germany's strategic reserve stocks are

held in buried tanks, especially constructed for the purpose, and which are exceed­
ingly difficult targets. Reserve stocks are believed to have now been largely de­
pleted, however.

Germany's supplies of tank barges, railway tank cars, trucks, as well as other

equipment such as pumps and spare parts for refineries, were considerably augmented

by loot from occupied countries. However, the Allies have systematically attacked

the transportation systems and rolling stock and the amount of available equipment

is decreasing. How much will remain in usable condition upon Allied occupation of

the country is open to question. While rail lines can often be repaired quickly,

canals, which in Europe carry large quantities of freight, are rendered useless for

considerably longer periods by the destruction of their locks.

1.3 GOVERNMENT CORPORATIONS, AGENCIES AND COMPULSORY TRADE ASSOCIATIONS

Below are listed the more important Government agencies regulating or partici­
pating in the oil economy of the country. As is the German practice, many of the

official agencies are organized as juristic individuals under corporate law, and

often membership or participation in these organizations or corporations is compul­

sory upon all firms engaged in a particular business or industry. Detailed informa­
tion concerning these and other official bureaus, cartels and trade associations,

and also laws, official standards, statistics, etc., will be found in the Jahrbuch

der Deutschen Mineralolwirtschaft by Karl-Heindrich V. Thiimen and printed by Natur­

kunde und Technik Verlag Fritz Knapp of Frankfurt a. Main.

 INTRODUCTION - 13

Government Corporations

Mlneralfll.- This bureau which appears to be a part of the

e r l u m

!? (Ministry of Economics), is subordinate to the top

ma
ln
* S agencies of the German Government, the Vierjahresplan (Four Year

« ™ S k.4 * ? T s n e d b y H e r m a n
Coring and the Reichministerium fflr Rflstung und Kriegs­
proauktlon (Ministry of Armament and War Production), headed by Dr. Speer, in which

is concentrated complete control of all industrial production. The main function

or xne Reichsstelle fflr MineralOl is the administration of the rationing system in

axs broad aspects and supervision of the whole field of distribution and consump­
tion. In this it acts in close consultation and cooperation with the industrial

it S l o n s ' t n e
Principal one of which, as far as liquid fuel is concerned, being

the Wirtschaftsgruppe KraftstoffIndustrie, membership in which is compulsory.

Wirtschartsgruppe KraftstoffIndustrie. Berlin NW7, Dorotheenstrass 35. This

industry association, membership in which is compulsory, was formed under govern­

ment order in 1936, and covers a wide range of liquid fuels and lubricants and

their by-products whether derived from crude oil, coal, or other sources. Its in­
terests lie mainly in the production of liquid fuels and lubricants and not in

their marketing.

Fachgruppe (Technical Branch) £: Minerals!. 35 Tiegartenstrasse 12a, Berlin W,

a sub-section of the Reichsgruppe Handel, is concerned with the marketing of petro­

leum products and is divided into three Fachuntergruppen:

Flachuntergruppe 1: "Mineralfll und Mineralfllerzeugnisse" consisting of large

importing and exporting firms dealing in mineral oil products. Headquarters, Berlin

W.9, Tirpitzufer 26.

Fachuntergruppe 2: "Treibstoffgrosshandel" which is an association of all

wholesale dealers in liquid fuels and through its associated organization "Uniti"

Vereinigung deutscher Betriebstoff-Grosshfindler e.V. Headquarters, Berlin-Britz,

Rudowerstrasse 82-83.

Fachuntergruppe £: "Schmierglgrosshandel". association of large lubricating

oil concerns which Is closely associated with the Reichsverband des deutscher

MineralOlhandels e.V. with office at Berlin-Britz, Rudowerstrasse 82-83.

Since the outbreak of the war, the activities and effectiveness of these trade

federations of marketing interests have been considerably reduced by the establish­

ment by the government of a central marketing authority, or pool organization, and

the strict rationing of civilian consumption.

Zentralbflro fttr Minerals! G.m.b.H.- All actual distribution and marketing is

centralized In thTi~wartime pool organization. All production of liquid fuels and

lubricants must be sold to this bureau which is responsible for the distribution of

these products to military and civilian users in accordance with established quotas.

Wirtschaftliehe ForeChungs G.m.b.H.- Berlin, Behrenstrasse 43. This is an

official corporation, usually referred to as the WIFO, organized for the purpose of

<.nn<rfcruGtin« and managing strategic bulk storage plants and the actual distri­
S«tion of oil products to the German armed forces, both in Germany and in occupied

territories. It operates government-owned and requisitioned storage and distribu­

tion centers.

p^hgo.itnhahn-Kraftstoff-Gesellsohaft.- This is a prewar entity organized to

nT>«rJethe system of state-owned service stations that had been built along the

system of high speed motor highways known as the Autobahn.

z«ntralstelle fflr Generatoren.- This bureau was established early in the war

JfJrAV*
rf « ll^llmass pro5uotion of simplified types of gas generators, to stimulate and

° for converting as many liquid fueled engines as possible to gener­

! „ ! £?ovide for the supply and distribution of substitute fuels. Official

es o?«anized to implement this program are Generatorkraft A.G., Festkraft­

£5ff A!5.? X d A.G. der Kohlenwertstoffverbtade.

iTiflntalo-l A.G.- German conquest, at least temporarily, opened up a wide

4 ™ f f Mansion fn? exploitation for the German o i l industry, and, in general,
the State S s delegated to German industry the responsibility for the maximum ex­
14 - INTRODUCTION

Oil companies

ploitation of all captured oil resources. This has been done under the aegis of

Kontinentalol A.G.

This company, whose headquarters are in Berlin, was formed under State direc­
tion and encouragement by the following concerns:

Borussia Beteiligungs G.m.b.H., Berlin

Braunkohlen Benzin A.G-., Berlin

Deutsche Erdol A.G., Berlin

Gewerkschaft Elwerath, Hannover

I.Or. Farbenindustrie, Frankfort-Main

Preussische Bergwerks & Hutten A.G., Berlin

Wintershall A.G-., Kassel

and leading German banking houses.

The board of directors is made up of representatives of these companies and

political appointees, and the chairman of the Board's working committee is Dr. E.R.

Fischer. The company's articles of incorporation are broadly framed to allow its

participation in any branch of the industry from crude production to refining,

transportation and distribution, and while it is essentially a holding company, it

also takes an aotive part in all these activities in subjugated countries.

German interests in Rumanian oil companies increased during the course of the

war from less than 1 per cent of the total capital of Rumanian oil companies to

ownership or control of nearly sixty per cent, and Kontinentalol A.G., is the

agency which supervises and seeks to increase those interests.

A subsidiary of Kontinentalol A.G. was founded in Bulgaria in October, 1942,

with a capital of 1-1/2 million leva. The company was called Mineralol A.G.—the

name Kontinental could not be used as there was already a company registered under

that name in Bulgaria. Mineralol A.G. controlled all imports into Bulgaria, though

an association of Bulgarian oil companies, Oleinfuhr Zentrale Bulgarische A.G.,

actually purchased the products and arranged transport.

In France, Kontinentalol A.G. seized equipment from a number of French refin­

eries. It attempted to conceal, under its commercial guise, its political function

of obtaining the maximum of loot and considerable pressure was brought to bear on

the owners of French properties, or their agents, to sign commercial agreements

assenting to removal of equipment.

In Poland the Beskiden Oil Company, also a Kontinentalol A.G. subsidiary, was

formed for the exploitation of Polish oil fields. This company was later replaced

by the Karpathen Oil Company, whose activities in the field of production covered,

not only Poland, but the occupied Ukraine.

Other similar, but smaller, companies have been formed for production, import

and distribution in other European countries, where there were not already German

interests to operate the newly-acquired resources or markets.

1.4 OIL COMPANIES

A list of important German oil companies appears on pages 18 to 20. 'While it is

believed to include all of the more important oil companies operating in Germany

before the war, there may be others that should now be included. Also, this Ii3t

does not include a large number of small concerns of local importance who were en­
gaged in various phases of the oil business. Information in considerable detail

concerning all companies may be found in the yearbook entitled "Handbuch der Inter­
nationalen Petroleum-Industrie", published by Finanz Verlag G.m.b.H., Berlin C2.

Foreign companies operating in Germany did so through German subsidiaries.

Data concerning the principal subsidiaries controlled by American and British inter­
ests are given below. Under each parent company its German subsidiaries are listed

alphabetically with a brief description.

 INTRODUCTION - 15
O i l companies

^ L 1 ^ 3 i n c e t n e w a r foreign-owned companies have been permitted to

mmissioner^ 61 " ^ ^ G e r m a n m a n a g e r s w i t n t n e supervision of State
appointed commissioner^

Anglo-Iranian Oil Company Ltd. - London, England

h e
T Benzin-und Petroleum G.m.b.H.
-Lutherstrasse 61-66, Berlin, SchSneberg
g - I r a n i a n Oil Co. Ltd., 100%
Marketinngg oo ff aa ll ll petroleu m products
products..
Kejr Prewar Personnel: G bpetroleum
P e r s o n n l 00. Gubisch,i F. Muller-Jahn, w. Charpentier. All German
citizens (aj

The Atlantic Refining Company - Philadelphia, Pa.

Name: The Atlantic Refining Company of Germany, G.m.b.H.
Head Office: Lange Miihren 9, Hamburg 1
Ownership: Atlantic Refining Co., 100%
Business: Blending and marketing of lubricants.
Ke£ Prewar Personnel: William C. Frysinger, Manager, U. S. citizen now in
Petroleum Administration for War, Washington, D. C.
Subsidiaries: Schlafhorst Chemische Werke G.m.b.H. The Atlantic Refining Company
of Germany, G.m.b.H. owns this small lubricating o i l blending and grease
works at Georgswaederdamm 2, Hamburg.

Name: Allgemeine Oel-Handels G.m.b.H. (Oelhag). The Atlantic Refining Company

owns a third i n t e r e s t .
Head Office: Mittelweg 38, Hamburg 13.
Business: Oil handling and marketing company.

Gulf Oil Company - Pittsburg, Pa.

Name: Maschinenoel-Import G.m.b.H.
Head Office: Glockengiessenvall 1 "Klosterburg", Hamburg 1
Ownership: Gulf Oil Company, 100%
Business: Distributing of petroleum products, especially lubricating o i l s .
Key Prewar Personnel: G. Ad. Rahe, Director, Wacholderweg 13, Hamburg 1.

The Pure Oil Company - Chicago, 111.

Name: Oelwerke Julius Schindler G.m.b.H.
Head Office: Hohe Bleichen 28, Hamburg 36
Ownership: The Pure Oil Company 49%. Until December 1938 the other 51% i n t e r e s t
was held by Mr. Julius Schindler of Hamburg. In December 1938 Mr. Schindler,
in conformity with a decree by the German government, was obligated to l i q u i ­
date a l l of his property, both real and personal, held in Germany. In conform­
i t y with this decree, Mr. Schindler in that month sold 52.94% of his 51%
equity in "Oelwerke" to Gewerkschaft Neue Erdoel Raffinerie (Nerag) of HannoTO£
The l a t t e r was given an option on the remaining 47.06% of Mr. Schindler 1 s
equity, which presumably was exercised.(b).
Business: Refining and d i s t r i b u t i n g lubricants. Principal refinery located in
" Hamburg and a smaller one at Peine.

In) In l i s t i n g the individuals who have been associated with the various o i l
companies i t should be understood that these individuals may be looked to
for information of possible value in their respective f i e l d s , but insofar as
concerns the non-Americans no implication should be drawn as to their
Dolitical sympathies or a f f i l i a t i o n s .
(K) Mr Schindler died December 29, 1941 at Great N e ck, Long Island. I t is under­
stood that Mrs. Schindler and her son, Gustave Schindler, now reside in
New York City.
16 - INTRODUCTION

Oil companies

Shell Group - London, England

Name: Rhenania-Ossag Mineralolwerke, A.G.

Head Office: Shellhaus, Alsterufer 4-5, Hamburg.

Ownership: Royal Dutch Shell group, 100$

Business: Refining and marketing of all petroleum products

Key Prewar Personnel: Hamburg (Head office): Dr. Erich Boeder, General Managing

Director, German; Fr. Haecker, Managing Director, German; L. de Laporte,

Managing Director, German. Monheim Refinery: Dr. Meyering, Refinery Manager,

German; Stok, Assistant Refinery Manager, now in Curacao, Dutch. Harburg

Refinery: G. Voogt, Refinery Manager, last known address: B.P.M. The Hague,

May 1940, Dutch.

Subsidiaries: Allgemeine Oel-Handels G.m.b.H. (Oelhag), head office Mittelweg 38,

Hamburg 13. Rhenania-Ossag Mineralolwerke A.G. owns l/3 interest of

this oil handling and marketing company.

Deutsche Gasolin A.G., Adolph Hitler Platz 7-11, Berlin-Charlottenburg 9.

Rhenania-Ossag owns 25$ interest in this refinery and marketing company.

Gewerkschaft Deutsche Erdol-Raffinerie (Deurag), Hindenburgstrasse 27-29,

Hannover. Rhenania-Ossag owns a minority interest in this refining company.

Socony-Vacuum Oil Company, Inc. - New York, N.Y.

Name: Deutsche Vacuum Oel A.G.

Head Office: Spitalerstrasse 12, Semperhaus 3, Hamburg

Ownership: Socony-Vacuum Oil Company, Inc., 100%

Business: Crude oil production and the manufacture and marketing of high grade

lubricating products.

Key Prewar Personnel: (1) Max H. Engel, General Manager, Hamburg, Germany, German;

(2) Dr. H. C. Goetz, Head of Manufacturing, Hamburg, German; (3) E. Ruhl,

Sales Manager, Hamburg, German; (4) H. H. Matthiessen, General Counsel, Ham­

burg, German; (5) J. Von Puttkamer, Financial Comptroller and Head Accountant,

Hamburg, German; (6) Dr. H. Pfefferkorn, Crude Producing, Hamburg, German;

(7) P. P. Clover, Special Executive Consultant representing U. S. owners,

New York, N. Y., American.

Subsidiaries: Erdoelbergbau, A.G. (EBAG); Hindenburgstrasse 29, Celle. Crude oil

producing company with field at Oberg near Braunschweig 100$ owned by

Deutsche Vacuum Oel, A.G.

Srdoelbetrieb Reitbrook Konsortium Preussag (PREUSSAG). Crude producing com­

pany with fields at Reitbrook and Sottorf (Harburg). 49$ owned by Deutsche

Vacuum Oel, A.G.

Petrolifer Rohoel Compagnie, Hannover. Crude producing company, 51.20$ owned

by Deutsche Vacuum Oel, A.G.

Name: Bayerische Minerale-Industrie, A.G.

Head office: Principal office--Sophienstrasse 3, Munich; Registered office —

Maximiliansplatz 7, Munich.

Ownership: 90$ of shares owned by Bavarian Oil and Gas Corporation of Delaware,

U.S.A. Head office, 26 Broadway, New York City, in which Sooony-Vacuum owns

67$ of the stock.

Business: Concessions for the exploration and development of oil and gas lands in

Bavaria.

Holding, Companies.- The following is a list of other holding companies for crude

producing leases in which Deutsche Vacuum Oel A.G. held a part or whole

interest:

Name of Company DVOAG Ownership

Gewerkschaft Alfred

Gewerkschaft Aue 5 60$

Gewerkschaft Ostfeld I 60$

Gewerkschaft Komberg II 60$

Gewerkschaft Carsburg III 50$

West-Oel Gesellschaft m.b.H. 100$

Harburger Bergbau G.m.b.H. West-Oel (100$)

Oldenburgische Erdol G.m.b.H. West-Oel (33-1/3$)

 INTRODUCTION - 17
Oil companies

Standard O i l Company (N.J.) - New York, N.Y.

Name: Deutsch-Amerikanische Petroleum-Gesellsohaft
Head O f f i c e : Neuer J u n g f e r n s t i e g 2 1 , Hamburg
Ownership: Standard O i l Company ( N . J . ) , 100%
B u s i n e s s : I m p o r t a t i o n and d i s t r i b u t i o n of a l l petroleum products
Kej Prewar P e r s o n n e l : Board of Management—P. Klasen, F . Breme, H. Breme, A.
Spangenberg, G. Geyer. Technical Service Manager, Dr. Clemens. A. KukemSller,
C o m p t r o l l e r . All German c i t i z e n s .
S u b s i d i a r i e s : Deutsch-Amerikanisohe Petroleum-Gesellschaft V.N. Wien G.m.b.H.
After the Anschluss t h i s 100% owned company was formed to take over the
Standard O i l Company ( N . J . ) i n t e r e s t s in A u s t r i a .
"Gluokauf" Deutsche 01 G.m.b.H., Glockengiesserwall 2, Hamburg 1 . Marketing
company 100% owned.
Deutsche Gasolin A.G., Adolph H i t l e r P l a t z 7 - 1 1 , Berlin-Charlottenburg 9.
Refining and marketing company, 25% owned by D.A.P.G.
Name: Ebano Asphalt-Werke A.G.

Head Office: Neuer J u n g f e r n s t i e g 2 1 , Hamburg 36

Ownership: Standard Oil Company ( N . J . ) , 100$

B u s i n e s s : Refining and marketing of a s p h a l t .

Key Prewar P e r s o n n e l : Board of Management—F. P a b e l i k , G. Schmidt, H. Gans.

S u b s i d i a r i e s : Busscher & Hoffman A.G., B e r l i n , asphalt and t a r d i s t i l l a t i o n . Ebano

owns 40% i n t e r e s t .
Ebano Asphalt-Werke A.G., Wien, 100% owned s u b s i d i a r y operating i n A u s t r i a .
Einas Ges. fur Strassenbaubedarf m.b.II., Hamburg, 100$ owned.
V e r e i n i g t e Asphalt-und Teer Produkten G.m.b.H., Hamburg, 100% owned.
Name: Waried Tankschiff Rhederei G.m.b.H.

Head O f f i c e : Neuer J u n g f e r n s t i e g 2 1 , Hamburg, 36.

Ownership: Standard Oil Company ( N . J . ) , 100%

Business: Owning and o p e r a t i n g v e s s e l s c a r r y i n g petroleum products

Key Prewar P e r s o n n e l : Board of Management same as f o r D.A.P.G.

Name: M i n e r a l o l - R a f f i n e r i e vorm August Korff

Head O f f i c e : Stephanikirchenweide 20, Bremen

O^Hership: Standard O i l Company ( N . J . ) , 95.44%, D.A.P.G. 0.20%

B u s i n e s s : Blending and marketing l u b r i c a t i n g o i l s .

Key Pre"war P e r s o n n e l : Board of Management—E. Kerenburg, M. Weber.

Name: Allgemeine Oel-Handels G.m.b.H. (Oelhag)

Head O f f i c e : Mittelweg 38, Hamburg 1 3 .

Ownership: The Standard Oil Co. (N.J.) owns a 33-1/3% i n t e r e s t in t h i s marketing

company.
Name: Gewerkschaft Deutsche Erdb'l-Raffinerie Deurag.
Head Office: Hindenburgstrasse 29, Hannover
Ownership* The Standard Oil Company ( N . J . ) owns a 16-1/2% i n t e r e s t in t h i s refinery.

Tide Water Associated Oil Company - New York, N.Y.

Name: Hamburg Amerikanische Mineralol G.m..b.H.

Hea3 Office: 51 J u n g f e r n s t i e g , Hamburg

§wttrsEipT"Tidewater Associated Oil Company, 99.96%

nflss' Marketing of l u b r i c a t i n g o i l
prewar P e r s o n n e l : Charles R. Gerth, General Manager, American, now a t 17
b a t t e r ? P l a c e , New York, N.Y.; Hans U l r i c h von Borke, Manager, 13a Fontenoy,
Hamburg, German; Alfred Louis Heindrich August E r n s t , Manager, Muhlendamm 42,
Hamburg, German.
18 - INTRODUCTION
Principal oil companies
P R I N C I P A L
Company
"A.B.C." Allgemeine Brenstoff­
handels G.m.b.H.
A.G. fur Mineralfllhandel
Allgemeine Erdfll
Allgemeine Oel-Handels G.m.b.H.
(Oelhag)
Alminag Allgemeine Mineralfll-und
Asphalt K.G.
Atlantic Refining Co. of Germany
G.m.b.H.
Benzol-Verband G.m.b.H.
Benzol-Vereinigung des Ostens
G.m.b.H.
Benzol-Vertrieb. Berlin G.m.b.H.
Betriebsstoff-und Mineralfll-
Vertrieb. G.m.b.H.
Bremer Chemisohe Fabrik A.G.
"Brenntag" Brennatoff, Chemikalien­
vind Transport-A. G.
Burbach-Ealiwerke A.G.
Christian Arens, Kompressol­
olwerk
COlner Benzin-Raffinerie Kroseberg
& Co.
Creditul Minier, Deutsch-Rumfln­
ische Petroleum-Vertriebs-A.G.
damm 37.
Danubla A.G. ftlr Mineralfllindus­
trie
"Debag" Betriebsstoff A.G.
"Depi" Petroleum A.G.
Derop Deutsche Vertriebsges. fur
Russisohe Olprodukte
Deutsch-Amerikanisohe Petroleum-
Geaellschaft
Deutsche Aseol- G.m.b.H.
Deutsche Erdfll-A.G.(Deag)
(a) Prewar figures given here as an indication of approximate r e l a t i v e Importance of the companies.
G E R M A N
Address of Head
Office
Herringen
Berlin-SchOneberg,
Kolonnenstraese 31.
Oldenburg
Hamburg 13, Mittelweg
38.
Berlin-Charlottenburg 2,
Bleibtreustrasse 20.
Hamburg 1,
Lange Mflhren 9.
Bochum, Wittenerstrasse
45-47.
Berlin NW 7,
Karlstrasse 1.
Berlin W 9,
Bellevuestrasse 7.
Schneidemuhl, Guter­
bahnhofstrasse 1.
Klaffenbaoh (Erzgebirge)
Berlin SW68, Alexandrin­
enstrasse 11.
Magdeburg, Kaiser-Otto-
Ring 9.
KBln-Nippes
KOln-Braunsfeld, Eupenei
Strasse 144.
Berlin W 15, KurfQrsten­
Companies. Tankage at Deggendorf. F i l l i n g s t a t i o n s .
Regensburg
Berlin W 8, Mauerstrasse
Berlin-Grunewald, Salz­
brunnerstrasse 17,
Boohum, Wittenerstrasse
47.
Hamburg 36, Neuer
Jungfernstieg 21.
Z e i t z , Hindenburg-
Promenade 28.
Berlin- 0 chflneberg. 100,000,000
Martin-Luther-Strasse
66.
O I L C O M P A N I E S
Capital
(RM) (a) R e m a r k s
170,000 F i l l i n g s t a t i o n s , terminals transport f a c i l i t i e s .
- Pumps, f i l l i n g s t a t i o n s , tank cars and storage.
20,000 Affiliated with Oldenburgisohe ErdOl G.m.b.H., Mecklen­
burgisohe Erdfll G.m.b.H., and Ost. 01 G.m.b.H. Holds
i n t e r e s t s in concessions of other companies.
6,000,000 Owned by D.A.P.G., Rhenania-Ossag and Atlantic Refining
Co. Warehouses, storage, service s t a t i o n s , transport
f a c i l i t i e s and sales office in Berlin, B i e l e f e l d , Chem­
n i t z , Cologne, Dresden, Dusseldorf, Brfut, Frankfurt/
Main, Hamburg, Hannover, Karlsruhe, Leipzig, Magdeburg,
Mttnster, and Stuttgart.
150,000 Plant and storage in Spandau-Hakenfelde.
1,000,000 Importers and marketers of o i l products. Owns Schlaf­
horst Chemische Werke, Hamburg, with lubricating o i l
plant at Petroleimhafen.
41,800 Producer and marketer of benzol, benzol blends and
other motor f u e l s , B.V. Benzol, B.Y. Aral, e t c . , and
Russian o i l , with a wide network of storage i n s t a l l a ­
tions and service stations in Germany.
20,000 Producer and marketer of benzol and benzol blend, with
extensive sales organization.
300,000 Operating company of B.V. of Bochum and B.V. des Ostens.
After the Anschluss took over the share capital and
business of the Osterreichisoh Fanto A.G. in Austria*
50,000 Tank storage.
350,000 Marketer and compounder of a l l kinds of greases and of
petroleum products. Sales organization covers Saxony
and Thuringia.
1,500,000 Refinery at Berlin Britz, tank cars, storage, e t c .
Formerly Philip Muhsam.
18,000,000 Partly owned by Wintershall, A.G. Oil production from
Volkenroda potash mine, now exhausted, and other con­
oessions.
- Manufacturers of special lubricants and hydraulic o i l s .
100,000 Producers of special boiling point s p i r i t s , white
s p i r i t s , e t c . , in t h e i r refinery in Cologne: trans­
port and distribution f a c i l i t i e s .
500,000 Subsidiary of Rumanian and Austrian Creditul Minier
368,000 Small refinery at Regensburg.
500,000 Subsidiary of EuropSische Tanklager- und Transport A.G.
Owns i n s t a l l a t i o n s at Hamburg Petroleum Harbor.
100,000 Tank storage in Berlin-Spandau.
4,000,000 Subsidiary of Benzol Verband,Bochum. Formerly market­
ing Russian o i l products. Tankage and i n s t a l l a t i o n s
in many German c i t i e s .
63,000,000 (D.A.P.G.) Subsidiary of Standard Oil (N.J.) Refineries
in Hamburg, Berlin-Tempelhof, Dusseldorf. Extensive
distributing organization. After the Anschluss took
over the i n t e r e s t s , except lubricating o i l marketing,
of the Vaouum Oil Co., A.G. in Austria.
- Manufacturers, special lubricants and grease, in plant
at Rehmsdorf.
Parent company of, or holdings i n , D.P.A.G., Edeleanu
Ges., StOck & Fischer, Brabag, Deutsche MineralOl
Verkaufs Verein, Olkontor Ges., Dea Ges. fur Mineralflle,
Deutsche Viscobil. Widespread i n t e r e s t s in orude and
synthetic o i l production.
 INTRODUCTION - 19
Principal oil companies
P R I N C I P A L G E R M A N O I L C O M P A N I E S (Continued)

Company Address of Head

Capital
Office
(Bid) (a)
Deutsche Gasolln A.G. Berlin-Charlottenburg
11,000,000 Control; I.G. Farbenindustrie 50 per cent, S.O.N.J.
9, Adolf Hitler
25 per cent, Shell 25 per cent. Refineries at
Platz 7-9-11.
Emmerich and Dollbergen. Sales of own products
from German and imported crudes, and of I.G. syn­
thetic oil-Leuna Benzin, Gemisoh, Treibgas, e t c .
Sales organization in German principal o i t i e s .
Jeutsohe Fanto-MineralBl-Industrie Hamburg 1, MBnckeberg­
<-r.m.b.H. 300,000 Subsidiary of Fanto interests. Owns sea and river

strasse 11, Rappolthaus. tankers, storage and distributional f a c i l i t i e s .

Deutsche Petroleum-A.G. Berlin-Schflneberg, 24,000,000 Subsidiary of Deag, of which it is the operating

Martin-Luther-Strasse oompany for crude oil production and refining in

61-66.
Hannover, Heide, and Nienhagen: part owner of

Gew. Erug von Nidda, Celle, Holsteinische ErdBlwerke,

Heide; Deutsche Erdfllwerke, Berlin-Schflnebergj

MineralBl Raffinerie, Rheinau G.m.b.H. Oil con­

cessions in Hannover, Holstein, Baden and Bavaria.

Refineries at Wilhelmsburg and Rositz. After the

Anschluss took over the plants and business of

Creditul Minier in Austria.

Deutsoh—Uberseeische Petroleum
Hamburg, Esplanade
500,000 Subsidiary of Societe Franoaise des Petroles de

A.G.
46-47.
Silva Plana of Paris. Storage installation in

Hamburg.

Deutsche Vacuum Oel A.G.

Hamburg 1, "Semperhaus,
20,000,000 Affiliated with Socony-Vaouum Oil Co. Wells and con­
B" Spitalerstrasse 12
oesslons in a number of l o c a l i t i e s . Owner of "Ebag"
111.
BrdBl Bergbau A.G., with produoing wells at Oberg.
Refineries at Schulau and Oslebshausen. Storage and
warehouse f a c i l i t i e s throughout Germany. After the
Anschluss took over the lubrioating o i l business of
the Yaouum Oil Co. A.G. in Austria.
Deutsche Visoobil Bl A.G. Berlin-SohBneberg, 100,000 Subsidiary of Deag. Warehouses at Berlin-Westhaven
Martin-Luther-Strasse for lubrioants.
61-66.
Ebano Asphalt-Werke A.G. Hamburg 36, Esplanade 9,000,000 Refinery at Hamburg designed to operate on Imported

6. Mezioan and West Indies crude, primarily for the

production of asphalt.

BrdOl Bergbau A.G. "Ebag"

Celle i. H., Hinden­ 200,000 Subsidiary of Deutsche Vacuum 8l, Co. Oil concessions

burgstrasse 29.
in Hannover, at Oberg, Gross Ilsede, Klein Ilsede,

Gadenstedt, Nienburg and Neustadt.

Erdoelbetrieb Reitbrook
Production of crude oil at Reitbrook, near Hamburg.

Konsortium Preussag
Deutsche Vaouum Oel A.G. holds 49 per cent interest.

Balance controlled by Preussisohe Bergwerks- und

Hdtten A.G. (Preussag).

Erdfll Raffinerie Salzbergen (Ersag) Salzbergen.

400,000 Controlled by Wintershall A.G., operators of Salz­
bergen Refinery.

Erdfll- und Teerprodukten A.G.

Berlin W 8, Behren­ 250,000 Importers and marketers of petroleum and tar produots:

strasse 14-16.
filling stations.

Buropaische Tanklager- und Trans­ Berlin W 8, Mauerstrasse

5,000,000 Undisclosed ownership oontrol via Crusader Petroleum

port A.G. (Eurotank)

33.
Industries Ltd., London, subsidiary of Foreign Oil Co.

Inc, Boston (W.K. Davis) and the Hardy Bank,of Berlin.

Gewerkschaft Elwerath
Hannover, Hindenburg­ Majority of shares privately owned: minority held by

strasse 29.
Wintershall A.G. Concessions in Brunswiok, Holstein,

Westfalen, Hesse and Baden.

Gewerksohaft Deutsche Erdfll-Raffin­ Hannover, Hindenburg­ 6,300,000 Subsidiary of Blwerath, Preussag, Rhenania-Ossag and
strasse 27-29.
D.A.P.G. Refinery at Misburg.
erie (Deurag)

Gewerksohaft Neue Brdfll-Raffinerie
(Nerag)
"GWokauf" Deutsche Oel Gesell­
sohaft m.b.H.
Hannover, Hindenburg­ 18,000,000 Jointly owned by Elwerath and by Preussag. Refinery
strasse 27-29. at Misburg specializing in lubricants.
Hamburg 1, Glookengies­ Subsidiary of D.P.A.G. Storage tanks and warehouses
in a l l large o i t i e s . Importers and marketers.
serwall 2.

Seestadt Wismar, KrBn­ Marketer of petroleum products. Storage

Gflssel & Wilcken kenhagen 36. numerous c i t i e s in northeastern Germany.

Hamburg-Amerikanisohe MineralGl- Hamburg 36, Jungfern­ 2,500,(

G.m.b.E.
S : SSI
~Holsteinisohe ErdBlwerke G.m.b.H.
KBnigsberger Handels Compagnie A.G.
Loeb, Benzin-Benzol-Mineralfll-
stieg 51.
Celle, Oflterbahn­ Concessions in Celle and participation in a number of
o i l producing companies in Hannover. Manufacturers of
hofstrasse 5 . drilling tools and equipment. *
40,000 Subsidiary of D.P.A.G. for o i l production and treatment
in Hemmingstedt distriot of Holstein.
Subsidiary of D.A.P.G. marketing petroleum products with
a large number of plants in Bast Prussia.
Refinery in Cologne-Braunsfeld, producing motor fuels and
technical benzine". Storage and distributional f a c i l i t i e s .
Subsidiary of the Gulf Oil Corporation. Tankage in
Hamburg, Duisburg, Mannheim and Halle. Branches in
a l l large German o i t i e s .
20 - INTRODUCTION
Prinoipal oil companies
P R I N C I P A L
Capital
Company
Mecklenburglsche Erdfll G.m.b.H.
1
Minerals !- und Asphaltwerke A.G.
(Mawag)
MineralOl-Raffinerie vorm. Aug.
Korff
Mineralfllprodukten-Handel A.G.
MineralBlwerk Stade, Andersen
Tafel & Co., E.G.
MineralOlwerke Albrecht Sc Co.
K.G.
MineralSlwerke Lichtenberg
G.m.b.H. & Co. K.G.
Naphta Industrie und Tankanlagen
A.G. {Nitag)
Nitag Erdfll-Handel G.m.b.H.
Nitag MineralBl-Handel A.G.
Oelvrarke Julius Sohindler
G.m.b.H.
"Olex" Deutsche Benzin- und
Petroleum G.ra.b.H.
Pintsoh Oel G.m.b.H.
Freussisohe Bergwerks- und Htttten-
A.G. (Preussag).
Redeventza Deutsch- am9nisch Petro­
leum-Verkaufsgesellsohaft m.b.H.
Reichskraftsprit G.m.b.H.
Rex MineralBl-Gesellschaft,
Paul Zeigler & Co.
Rheinprussen G.m.b.H.
Rhenania-Ossag Mineralfllwerke
A.G.
Ruhrbenzol G.m.b.H.
Runo Oel A.G.
Ernst Sohliemann's Oelwerke
Westfalisohe Mineraloel- und
Aaphaltwerke W.H. Sohmitz
Wintershall A.G.
Zeller & Gmelin
R.O.F. v/olter
G E R M A N O I L - C O M P A N I E S (Cont inued)
Address of Head
Offioe
R e m a r k s
(no (a)
Schwerin 20,000 Oil concessions in Meoklenburg. Affiliated with
Allgemeine ErdOl.
Hamburg: 36, Jungfern­ 2,000,000 Refinery at Ostermoor primarily for asphalt production.
stieg 7. Tankage at Ostermoor and Berlin-Rummelsburg.
Bremen, Stephanikir­ 1,500,000 Subsidiary of D.A.P.G. Plant at Bremen. Specializes
chenweide 20. in lubricants and greases.
Kassel. .50,000 Subsidiary of Wintershall A.G. Trading company for
Wintershall & Ersag.
Stade, Xalkmuhlen­ - Importers. Own bulk terminal f a c i l i t i e s at Stade
strasse 1. near Hamburg.
Hamburg 1, Glockengies­ - Importers and refiners of a l l types of lubricants,
serwall 2-4, Wallhof. special, transformer, white, turbine o i l s , e t c Storage
at Duisberg (subsidiary company) and many German towns.
Berlin-Liohtenberg, 1,245,000 Complete but small refinery at Berlin-Llchtenberg for
Herzbergstrasse, 35. the production of a l l petroleum produots.
Berlin and Hamburg. 4,200,000 Owned jointly by Wintershall and by Hardy & Co.,
Berlin. Tank storage and warehouses throughout Ger­
many: a chain of more than 100 f i l l i n g stations.
Full transport f a c i l i t i e s and large storage in Berlin
and Magdeburg.
KBnigsberg, Friedlan­ 100,000 Subsidiary of Naphta. Industrie und Tankanlagen A.G.,
der Torplatz 4a. with tankage at KBnigsberg, Elbiag, Goldap, Lyok,
Marienburg, Marienwerder, Rastenburg, T i l s i t ; also a
ohain of f i l l i n g stations.
Dortmund, TBllnerstrasse 500,000 Subsidiary of Naphta Industrie und Tankanlagen A.G.;
9. tankage in Dortmund, Bonn and Dttaseldorf.
Hamburg 36, Hobe 2,400,000 49 per cent of shares held by Pure Oil Co. of Chicago.
Bleiohen 28. Refineries and storage at Wilhelmsburg and Peine.
Tankers and lighters.
Berlin-SchBneberg 60,000,000 Subsidiary of Anglo-Iranian Oil Co. Distributional
Martin-Luther-Strasse f a c i l i t i e s and storage throughout Germany, and a wide­
61-66. spread ohain of f i l l i n g stations.
Berlin-Britz, Grade­ 400,000 Small plant for processing of lubricants.
strasse 63-89
Berlin W 62, Einem­ 80,000,000 Concessions at Berghflpen (Hannover), in association with.
strasse 24/26. Deutsche Vacuum Oil A.G. Associated with Wintershall
A.G. in ownership of Misburg refinery.
Berlin W 15, Emser­ 100,000 Subsidiary of Redeventza, Bucharest, whose products i t
strasse 40/41 markets.
Berlin-Charlottenburg 1,000,000 A Government sponsored combine of a l l large o i l
9, Adolf-Hitler-Platz companies in association with Reichsmonopolverwaltung
7-9. fttr Branntwein for research into and development of
the use of alcohol in motor f u e l s .
Buer. - Import, export and marketing of special o i l s and
greases, especially cutting and cooling o i l s .
Homberg (Niederrhein) - Fischer-Tropsch synthesis plant at Homberg.
Hamburg, Alsteruter 4-5 75,000,000 Subsidiary of Royal Dutch-Shell. Seven refineries;
(Shellhaus). storage, f i l l i n g stations, bunkering stations wide­
spread throughout Germany. After the Anschluss took
over the interests of A.G. der Shell-Floridsdorfer
Mineralfll Fabrik in Austria.
Bochum Herner­ 400,000 Wholesale dealers in benzol; storage in Koblenz,
strasse 234. Krefeld, Halk, Leipzig, Frankfurt/Main.
MOnchen, Landsberger­ 900,000 Subsidiary of Phoenix Oil Transport Co., London. Im­
strasse 180-182. porters and marketers of petroleum products from
oompany's depots at Munich, Nuremberg, WOrzburg, Rosen-
helm, Augsburg, Regensburg, Muehldorf and Ulm. Part-
owner of Mineralfllwerke Bayern G.m.b.H. at Regensburg.
Hamburg 8. Catharinen­ Tank storage in Hamburg (Freihafen Grasbrook, Neuer
strasse 38-39. Petroleumhafen, and Harburg). Specialists in special
and high-grade lubricants. Refinery at Grasbrook.
Dortmund. Lange Reihe Distillation, refining and storage in Dortmund-Gfld.
43 Manufacture of lubricating o i l s and bitumen.
Sitz der Verwaltung: 125,000,000 Part or whole owner of Gew. Elwerath, Ersag: Gew.
Kassel, Hohenzollern­ Nienhagen, Thurlnger ErdBl A.G., Mineralfllgrodukten
strasse 139 (Post­ Handel A.G., Mitteldeutsoh Treibstoff und Blwerke,
sohlieBfach 292). Nitag, Kaliwerke Burbach A.G. Widespread interests in
crude o i l production and refining and in synthetic pro­
uction and refining and in synthetic production. Also
interested in potash.
Eislingen-Fils - Small refinery and tankage in Eisllngen. Manufacture of
o i l s and road surfaoing materials.
Grabow 1. lleckl., 60,000 Modern tankage and blending installation.
Berlinerstrasse 5.
 PRODUCING - 21
Summary

2.0 P R O D U C I N G

2.1 SUMMARY

• T? e J^°??J t i o n o f crude

oi 1 in Germany, reported at the rate of 711,445 metric

tons (4,980,115 barrels) in 1944 (see table on pages 82 and 83 ), is at a high level

in consequence of war pressure for maximum supplies and as a result of a well-organ­

ized program of geological and geophysical exploration begun in 1933 as part of Ger­
many's preparation for war. The cumulative total of crude oil production from Ger­
man fields, from 1873 through 1944, amounts to approximately 9,963,500 metric tons

(69,744,500 barrels).

Although German crude oil reserves must have increased in some ratio to the

increase in oil production during the years 1939 to 1945, adequate data are lack­
ing for an estimate of present reserves. Owing to the complex faulting and irreg­
ular sand conditions characterizing the salt dome fields from which nearly all

German crude oil was produced prior to the war, estimates of reserves even for

this period are highly speculative. The available data suggest that German re­
serves at the end of 1938 amounted to approximately 8,000,000 metric tons

(56,000,000 barrels), and, with allowance for subsequent production, this figure

may have increased to 10,000,000 metric tons (70,000,000 barrels) by the end of

1944.

From the data presented hereafter it is concluded that in the future, as in

the past, the bulk of German oil will come from salt dome structures of the North

German Basin. Little is known regarding favorable structures in the Bavarian Basin

but it is probable that development in this area will proceed slowly, although im­
portant oil production may eventually result. The Rhine Valley Graben may contin­
ue to yield relatively small quantities of oil.

Up to the beginning of the war, in 1939, drilling in the North German Basin

was confined largely to shallow salt domes. These bear closer resemblance to the

shallow salt domes of East Texas, Northern Louisiana and Southern Arkansas, than

to the shallow domes of the Gulf Coast proper in Texas and Louisiana. The Boggy

Creek oil field in East Texas is an example of production from a shallow interior

salt dome and is comparable to the similarly situated fields of Nienhagen or

Wietze, in Germany. In contrast to the modest production from Boggy Creek or

Nienhagen, the deep-seated domes of East Texas, Northern Louisiana and Southern

Arkansas, such as Van, Eldorado, Haynesville, Lisbon, etc., have yielded prolific

production. All those Gulf Coast oil- fields having an estimated total production

greater than 200,000,000 barrels are deep-seated domes, whereas the largest estima­
ted ultimate production from a shallow dome is about 135,000,000 barrels. There is

thus some suggestion that if future exploration in Germany is directed toward the

testing of the numerous deep-seated salt domes, oil fields of considerably greater

magnitude than those known in Germany to the present may be discovered. This hypo­
thesis derives some support from the fact that the greatest oil discovery in Ger­
many in recent years, the Reitbrook field, is associated with a moderately deep-

seated salt dome.

2.1.1 Character ot_ German Crude Oils

The chief characteristics of German crude oils are shown in the table (a) on

the following page. Additional analyses of crudes and products may be found in

Appendices 2 to 6 inclusive.

(a) Taken from the American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, No. 12

(1928), page 482.

22 - PRODUCING

Strategic Considerations

Analyses of German Crude Oils

Name of Field Wietze Wietze Nlenhagen Nienhagen

Geological Upper Triassic Lower Cretaceous Middle Jurassic Lower Cretaceous

Formation (Rhaet) (Wealden) (Dogger) (Neokom)

Color Olive Green Dark Brown Olive Green Coffee Brown

Flash Point 27 121 82 81

(Open Tests) 0°C.
Specific Gravity 0.882 0.946 0.901 0,914
at 20° C.
Visoosity at 20° C 5.63 183.6 18.1 24.0
(Engler)
Cold-Test(Schultze) 5 mm, at -3° 1 mm. at -15° 17 mm. at 20°

Asphalt 0.28% 1.42% 0.05$

Distillation Com­ 118 245 220 130
menced at °C
Distilling below 150° C 2. 0.5%
150° - 250°_ .17.5%. -9.5%
250° - 275°_ 23.5%_ 10.5%. .13.8%
275° - 300°_ .31.5%. 15.0%. .19.5%
300° - 325°_ .38.5%. 12.5%. .25.2%
325° - 350°_ % 26.0%. 35.5%. .39.2%

2.2 STRATEGIC CONSIDERATIONS

Importance in normal times.- In 1938 the German production of crude oil pro­
vided somewhat less than 10^& of the country's requirements for petroleum products.

The value of the indigenous natural oil was greatly enhanced, however, by the very

high import duties levied on foreign oil to protect the expensive domestic produc­
tion of synthetic oil from coal.

The German oil fields are conveniently located close to the waterways of the

Elbe and Weser Rivers and the Mitteland Canal, and are in proximity to the major

refining centers at Hamburg, Hannover and Bremen. Nevertheless, because of the

relatively small yields per well, and other factors contributing to high production

costs, a considerable percentage of German crude oil production would prove unecon­
omic if the country were freely accessible to oil imports from abroad. Crude oil

can be brought to Germany much more cheaply from the Caribbean area or the Middle

East than it can be produced in many of the country's present fields.

For a considerable period following the close of the present war, when it may

be presumed that Germany must depend largely upon her own resources for raw materi­
als, and when the country will be desperately short of free exchange, all of the

indigenous crude oil production will be an invaluable asset.

Wartime use.- Germany's crude oil production amounted to less than 1/16 of her

maximum rate of oil consumption in 1944, but as the control of foreign supplies was

lost, and as the war closed in on the borders of the Altreich* the importance of

the domestic crude oil production was greatly enhanced. This became even more

marked as the synthetic oil plants were destroyed by bombing, for oil fields are

not attractive targets, and refineries are more readily reconstructed, or relocated

 PRODUCING - 23

History of development

in small dispersed units, than are synthetic plants. Throughout the war, German

aomestic orude oil has been additionally valuable because it supplies an excellent

base for the production of high-grade lubricants.

*j n e m y
. denial operations.* The important oil fields of Germany are so looated

that their conquest and oapture has olosely coincided with the termination of the

war. Also, the enemy is here dealing with his own vital resources. So far as can

be ascertained up to the present, the Germans have made little or no effort toward

the destruction of oil field installations.

2.3 HISTORY OF DEVELOPMENT

As early as 1546 George Agricola, the classical writer on mining and geology,

stated that oil was found near Hflnigsen in the free state of Brunswick, in north­
ern Germany. He and other ancient writers report that the oil was skimmed by the

Inhabitants from pits and used for painting door posts and for axle grease. These

tar pits were the starting point for the development of oil fields by wells.

The first oil well in Germany was drilled in the tar pit of Wietze in 1859

for the government of Hannover, but this well, like others drilled by English,

French and Belgian companies in the early 1860's, was a failure. These holes were

drilled only near the seepages and outcrops containing oil, and reached depths of

100 to 200 meters (330 to 660 feet); they were located without reference to geolog­
ical conditions and operated with inadequate equipment.

A favorable change in the German oil industry took place in 1881 when a Bremen

firm brought in several flowing wells near Olheim, also in the immediate vicinity

of tar pits, and production was further increased shortly thereafter. An "oil

boom" occurred at this time and many companies formed, but the wells they drilled

were improperly located in a small area and were technically defective, so that

the oil horizons were soon flooded by water and production decreased rapidly.

Also at this time additional wells were completed in the Wietze field which

sufficed to maintain the total output of oil in northern Germany at an approximately

even level. In 1900 a new oil horizon was encountered at Wietze, between 200 to

300 meters (660 and 1,000 feet) in depth, which yielded a very valuable light oil.

This discovery led to renewed activity; production was greatly increased; new

companies weis formed and the banks became interested in the oil industry.

In 1904 legislation was passed regarding water shut-off and the operation of

oil wells. In 1907 all of the small operating companies at Wietze were incorpor­
ated under the leadershiD of several German banks. Several successful wells were

drilled in the HSnigsen area, which had been neglected up to this time, and German

oil production in 1909 reached an annual output of 113,824 tons (796,768 barrels).

During the First World War the oil industry in Germany was adversely affooted

by the lack of workers and materials and no new field was opened despite an in­
crease in the number of oil companies from 33 in 1913 to 156 in 1918. In 1919 oil

recovery by mining methods was introduced in the Wietze field, which had practi­
cally depleted its gas, and by this means production from the field was maintained

during the following years.

An important event in the development of the North German oil industry

occurred in 1922, when a comparatively large gusher was successfully completed in

the northern part of the Hanigsen-Nienhagen field, yielding initially from 200 to

tons (1 500 to 2,250 barrels) of oil daily. This well was followed by several

which were equally productive, and soon thereafter the output of this field

fliir^assed that of Wietze. These Nienhagen wells were extremely important for the

German oil industry, as their production greatly exceeded the previous German yield.

24 - PRODUCING

History of development

Also, they had not been drilled close to the flank of the Nienhagen salt dome, as

were the earlier wells, but farther down dip, and aocordingly they struck the oil-

bearing horizons at greater depths—ranging from 700 to 800 meters (2,320 to 2,640

feet) instead of 200 to 300 meters (660 to 990 feet) as formerly. It was therefore,

proved that by drilling holes deeper than before it would be possible to discover

considerable new production. Shortly after the war another field was developed

near Oberg, which steadily yielded greater production. All these events not only

resulted in a continuous increase of the oil production since 1920 but also stimu­
lated additional exploratory work and wildcat drilling.

In 1928 a deep well drilled at some distance from the salt plug on the

Cdesse-fllheim dome was completed as a producer, and shortly afterwards other wells

were brought in near it. Production in this field rose from 97 tons (679 barrels)

in 1928 to 14,388 tons (100,716 barrels) in 1930.

Small amounts of oil were obtained in the 1880fs in shallow wells at Heide

in Holstein, and Linden, near Hannover. Active development of the Heide field was

not undertaken until 1935, and early in 1938 a well was brought in on the west

flank of the structure and flowed at the rate of 200 tons (1,400 barrels) of oil

daily from a depth of 1,100 meters (3,608 feet). Soon thereafter similar produc­
tion was obtained 5 kilometers (3 miles) farther north on the same west flank.

By April 1939 the output from this field was in excess of 3,500 tons per month

(24,500 barrels).

The most important recent discovery in Germany occurred at Reitbrook late in

1937. About 280 hectares (692 acres) of the field had been proven productive in

1939, with wells yielding initially in excess of 42 tons (300 barrels) daily. Peak

production for the field was probably reached in 1940, with an annual output re­
ported at 357,421 tons (2,501,947 barrels).

Other discoveries in the North German Basin between 1934 and the outbreak of

the Second World War, were Rodewald (Steimbke) and the Feldbergen (Moelme extension

field). Aerial photographs taken in 1943 showed the old Moelme field to be aband­
oned and a new pool developed about a mile to the southwest, just northwest of Feld­
bergen. During this period production was also encountered at Broistedt, Fallstein,

Gifhorn, Lindwedel (Adolfsglueck), Meckelfeld, and Sottorf, but judging from avail­
able information on their geological characteristics and production records most of

these pools appear to be of little importance, either real or potential.

During the Second World War, and especially in 1943 and 1944, aerial reconnais­
sance has revealed the existence of a number of new oil fields in the North German

Basin. These are: the Dalum field, located near the Dutch-German frontier immed­
iately west of Dalum and northwest of Lingen; Coevorden just across the German

border in Holland, about 20 kilometers (12 miles) northwest of Dalum and 6 kilo­
meters (4 miles) east of Coevorden; Emlicheim, 10 kilometers (6 miles) southeast

of Coevorden; a discovery well near Bentheim some distance southwest of Dalum;

Soho*nlngen, located near Braunschweig in northwest Germany; Eicheloh, near Hannover,

Hemmingstedt and Hemmingstedt-Kanzlei in Holstein; EpenwBhrden-North, several kilo­

meters south-southwest of Hemmingstedt; EpenwOhrd en-south, immediately south of the

village of EpenwOhrden; Meldorferhafen, just west of the town of Meldorf; Etzel,

south of Wilhelmshafen, near the North Sea coast; Eichlingen, about a kilometer

east of Kleine Eichlingen in the Nienhagen area; Westerholz, some 12 kilometers (7

miles) west of Nienhagen; and Alte Piccardie, near the German-Dutch border.

Since 1930 production has been obtained in the Thuringian Basin of Central

Germany between the massive of the Harz Mountains and the Thuringian Hills from the

Volkenroda Potash Mine, but it is now depleted. Although there are other possibil­
ities for oil in this basin no new field is known to have been discovered.

In the Rhine Valley Graben of southwest Germany, the Baden area (Bruchsal­
Forst-Weingarten) and the Hessen area have yielded relatively small quantities of

oil, most of it coming from Baden in what is considered to be the eastward prolong­
ation of the Pechelbronn (France) producing horizons. The Baden-Hessen output has

steadily increased from an initial annual yield of about 1,500 tons (10,500 barrels)

 PRODUCING - 25

Geology

in 1935 to a reported 10,003 tons (70,021 barrels ) in 1943. Aerial reconnais­

sance in 1944 has shown a new field near Welher, about 5 kilometers (3 miles)

northeast of Bruchsal.

In the Bavarian Basin of southern Germany, between the northern Alps and the

ancient Bohemian massive, only about 4,000 tons (38,000 barrels) of oil are re­
ported to have been produced up to 1937, practically all of it coming from the

Tegernsee area where production was first obtained in 1883 with an annual output

of 62 tons (434 barrels).

The annual production of the German oil fields from 1873 to 1944, inclusive,

is shown in the table on pages 82 and 83. The oil fields and known oil prospects

of Germany will be individually described hereafter.

The marked increase in the number of oil field discoveries after 1934 may be

attributed to the German governments efforts to aid explorational drilling as

part of its plan for achieving national self-sufficiency in raw materials. The

main measures taken by the government for this purpose were a campaign of geo­
physical mapping of those parts of the country most promising for oil discoveries

and the subsidization of exploratory drilling to insure private enterprise against

undue risk.

The work of geophysical exploration was carried out by the Reichs Geophysioal­
ische Komission (National Geophysical Survey) at government expense, using chiefly

the seismograph and gravity meter. Results were made public by piecemeal, and were

available to qualified oil exploration companies for their guidance in making

application for concessions. A representative example of such a governmental geo­

physical map is shown on pages 38 and 39«

The government drilling subsidy (Reichs-bohrzuschuss) was available, upon

approval of application, to all companies of more than 50 per cent German capital.

It consisted in a pre-determined money contribution by the government to off-set

drilling costs of explorational wells, and was on a sliding scale, so that the

amount of subsidy per meter drilled increased with the depth of the well. Hi the

event that a subsidized well discovered commercial quantities of oil, the subsidy

was repayable from the well's subsequent production; in the event of an unsuccess­
ful well, the subsidy was, for all practical purposes, written off.

2.4 GEOLOGY OF GERMANY

2.4.1 Petroliferous Districts

Petroleum occurs in Germany in four districts, namely: (1) The North German

Basin, (2) The Thuringian Basin, (3) The Rhine Valley Graben, and (4) The Bavarian

Basin. The relative size and position of these districts are indicated on the map

on page 26•

All but a small percentage of the oil produced in Germany comes from salt dome

structures in the North German Basin, which covers an area of approximately 160,000

square kilometers (61,760 square miles) in northern and northwestern Germany. The

most prolific production in this basin comes from the Prussian province of Hannover.

Oil occurs here mainly on the flanks of salt domes, in horizons of Triassic, Jur­
assic and Cretaceous age.

The other petroliferous basins of Germany are of relatively little importance.

In the Thnringian Basin, an area of less than 10,000 square kilometers (3.860

sauare miies), oil oocurs in regular anticlines in dolomite of Upper|Permian age.

The Rhine Valley Graben consists chiefly of a sunken block between two tilted fault

blocks and is approximately 13,000 square kilometers (5,018 square miles) in extent.

Tt includes areas on both sides of the Rhine, with the Alsatian oil occurrence at

Peehelbronn belonging to France. In this valley oil comes from beds in the Oligo­
nene in gently dipping monoclines which are cut by faults. The Bavarian Basin com­
prises some 30 000 square kilometers (11,580 square miles) lying between the north­
26 - PRODUCING
Oil regions

r
pHTH WES
GERMAN BASI

R-77
1 REGIONS
RANCE
NANCY OF
STRASBOURG GERMANY
LEGEND

BAVARIAN BASIN^

RHINE VALLEY GRABEN

THURINGIAN BASIN

IV
GERMAN BASIN

OLD MASSIVE

era Alps and the old Bohemian basement massive; this area has yielded only very

small quantities of oil, the main operation being located at Tegernsee, where oil

is found as seepages from beds of Upper Cretaceous and Tertiary age.

The topography of the four petroliferous provinces of Germany—the North Ger­

man Basin, Thuringian Basin, Rhine Valley Graben, and Bavarian Basin— is generally

flat to gently rolling but in places becomes hilly. The surface formations out­
cropping in these provinces range in age from Mesozoic in the Thuringian Basin to

Quarternary which covers most of the areas of the other basins. A large part of

Germany lies outside these provinces and contains widespread areas of Precambrian

and folded Paleozoic rocks in places overlain by less disturbed Mesozoio beds, as

well as relatively small patches of Tertiary sediments.

 PRODUCING - 27

Historical geology

Of the four petroliferous provinces, the North German Basin produced about

yy per cent of the oil of Germany up to 1940 and is therefore of far greater impor­
tance than all the other petroliferous districts combined. The geologic structure

oi this basin and its embayment in central Germany (Thuringian Basin) can best be

understood by summarizing the geologic history of this part of Germany from the end

of Carboniferous time, as is done in the following paragraphs.

2.4.2 Historical Geology

Permian.- The period represented by the Upper Carboniferous and Lower Permian

rocks was one of great regional earth movements and local volcanic activity. The

Carboniferous rocks were bent into vast folds, the arches of which were then eroded;

large areas were cut off from the ocean and inland seas formed comparable to that

of the modern Caspian. One of these stretched over most of northern and central

Germany and in it were laid down the Rothliegendes and Zechstein formations of the

Permian, the latter containing massive beds of rock salt with bands of potash. The

land to the south and west of this inland sea was probably steep and rugged, and

perhaps contained glaciers.

Triassic.- Lying upon the rocks of the Permian system of central Germany are

the formations of the Triassic, the lowest beds sometimes following conformably

upon the Permian and sometimes transgressing unconformably over older rocks. The

Triassic is divided into (1) an Upper or Keuper series of red marl and beds of gyp­
sum and rock salt, overlying sandstones, marls, and clays, with thin coals; (2) a

Middle or Muschelkalk (shell limestone) containing thick beds of limestone and dol­
omite sometimes filled with crinoid stems and generally showing a middle zone of

dolomites with gypsum and rock salt; (3) a Lower or Bunter (variegated) series with

thick beds of coarse red sandstones, with local layers of rock-salt and gypsum, and

shales with occasional red and green marls. The German Triassic appears to have

been laid down in an irregular basin of great extent and diversified surface. The

Muschalkalk was unquestionably deposited when there was communication with the open

sea.

Jurassic.- Overlying the Triassic are the formations of the Jurassic which oc­
cur in two main areas, namely, from the southern extremity of the Black Forest

through WUrternburg and Bavaria to the boundary of Bohemia, and, in the northwest

German area where the Harz Mountains and its branches decline in elevation and dis­
appear in the surrounding plain. The Jurassic system is divided into: (1) the Up­
per or White Jura (malm); (2) the Middle or Brown Jura (dogger); (3) Lower or Black

Jura (lias). From their character it is obvious that the Jurassic rocks were de­
posited in waters connected with the open sea.

Cretaceous.- At the close of Jurassic time much of northern Germany was above

sea level, and the Wealden formation of the Cretaceous was laid down in a large

lake or estuary. During Lower Cretaceous time the land, which was more or less

elevated and varied in character to the west, was undergoing slow subsidence in­
terrupted by many oscillations so that the deposits are local and intermittent.

However, in Upper Cretaceous time the region was greatly depressed. The Gault and

Upper Greensand deposits were laid down on subsiding land to the west while the

area to the east sank deeply below the invading waters of a continuous expanse of

open sea. This period is referred to as the "Cenomanian Transgression".

Tertiary to recent.- Overlying the Cretaceous are the formations of the Terti­
ary systim—whTciTwere deposited in comparatively shallow water. The beds are var­
ied sandy and calcareous strata, lying in isolated basins uncomformably upon the

chalk and contain distinctive faunae. Overlying the Tertiary beds and covering

most of the area of the basins are recent and Pleistocene deposits.

28 - PRODUCING

Distribution of salt domes

 PRODUCING ­ 29
Oil prospects

O I L P R O S P E C T S GERMANY

NORTH GERMAN BASIN (Map o n page 2 8 )

Name
R e m a r k s
Name
Remarks
Ahlften Same as Soltau Dome

Grethem
Near town of Schwarmstedt. Salt dome. Top
Alhorn Salt dome proepeot, little or no development
of salt 1,000 feet. Oil shows in the Lower
Cretaceous on the southeast flank of dome.
Alvesse Near Brunswiok. Salt dome; top of salt 650 feet-
Potash mined.
asphaltic Tertiary sands found in canal dredging'

No deep wells.
GrQnenkamp
A supposed salt dome with l i t t l e or no de­
velopment.
Asohersleben Near northeast end of Harz Mountains. Salt anticline;

top of salt 500 feet. One of the oldeBt potash mines

Grosses Meer
Located near northeast border of Germany.
in Germany.
A supposed s a l t dome with two highs .
Little or no development.
Aase Southeast of Brunswick. Salt antiollne. Depth to top

of salt 500 feet. Potash mined. No shows of oil or gas.

Hablghorst (Hofer)
Located near Celle. Salt dome. Top of salt
1,000 feet. No shows of o i l or gas. Potash
Bad Bramstedt South of NeumQnster. A prospect. Based on salt water

mined.
wells, probably in Tertiary formation.
Hackel Located near Halberstedt,north of Harz
Bahlburg-Pattenson Mountains. Salt anticline. Top of salt at
Southeast of Hamburg near Wissen. S a l t dome; top of 1,800 feet. Oil shows in the potash beds
s a l t 1,200 f e e t . No o i l or gas shows. and one potash well at Hausneindorf pro­
Barneberg duced a small quantity of light o i l .
Between Brunswick and Magdeburg. Same as Offleben.
Barnstorf-Brunswick

Hademsdorf-Btlchten Adjoining dome or possibly east extension

Salt anticline. Gypsum at surface. S a l t shallow depth. of Grethem. Wells drilled in 1939 reported
No shows of o i l or g a s . to have penetrated salt overhang into Jur­
BechtsbQttel

assic with only shows of o i l . Base of salt

North of Brunswick. Believed i d e n t i c a l with Meine. S a l t overhang about 770 meters.
dome. Torsion balance discovery 1932. Top of s a l t
1,100 f e e t . Oil shows i n Lower Cretaceous. Hambtthren West continuation of same salt stock on
which "ietze field i s located. No o i l pro­
Beesen-Laublingen
Near northeast edge of Harz Mountains. Salt anticline. duction.
Top of s a l t 500 f e e t . Potash mined.
Hannover (north­ Geophysical prospect; a salt dome or anti­
Beienrode (Dorm)
Northeast of Brunswick. S a l t dome. Top of s a l t 700 west) cline; coredrilled prior to the war.
f e e t . No shows of o i l or g a s . Potash mined.
Hardeb ek
Located southwest of NeOmunster. Prospect
Blexen
West of Weseimunde. A prospect—probable s a l t dome; with salt water in Senonian formation at
the Senonian formation i s unusually high. No o i l shows shallow depth.
reported i n w e l l s d r i l l e d .
Harlyberg Located north of Harz Mountains, Near
BBstlingen
A prospect. No development and no information available.
Goslar. Salt anticline. Asymmetric.Potash
mined.
BBhmte
A prospect. No development and no information available.
Hedwigsberg Located south of Brunswiok. Salt dome. Top
Bremen-Delmenhorst
Salt dome located south of Bremen. Top of salt 2,400 of salt at 700 f t . No shows of o i l or gas.
f e e t . Slight shows of o i l in Upper Cretaceous.
Near Stade. Probably a s a l t dome. Upper
Conow
Located on PompeckJ Swell. Salt dome. Top of salt 500 Cretaceous and Socene at surface. Uncon­
f e e t . Abandoned potash mine. No shows of o i l or gas. firmed report states that one well drilled
into s a l t .
Cuxhaven
Located near seacoast. A supposed s a l t dome prospect.
Three wells to Upper Cretaceous which i s high; one Heligoland Island in the North Sea. Structure probab­
reported to have o i l shows. ly deep dome with Buntaandstein of the
Triassic exposed at the surface. No shows
Dedesdorf
Located west of Wesermunde, believed to be identical of o i l or gas.
with Blexen.
Hengstlage West of Bremen. Deep plug found by refrao­
Didderse
Located northwest of Brunswick. Believed to be iden­ tion seismograph. One well drilled to
t i c a l with Rolfsbttttel. 1,596 meters in Triassic with no o i l shows.

Dotlingen
Supposed salt dome on which there is tittle or no
Hildesheimer Wald
Northwest of Harz Mountains, near Hildes­
development.
heim. Salt anticline with Lower Buntsand­
stein exposed at surface. Potash mined.
Dung*(Lesum) Located northwest of Bremen. Salt dome; top of Bait
500 f e e t . No shows of o i l or gas. Hillerse Prospect on northwest flank of Rolfsbtlttel
dome (see l a t t e r ) .
Bhmen
Located northeast of Brunswick. A salt dome; top of

salt 500 feet. Oil snow on southwest flank of dome.

Anticline with Triassic exposed at surface.

Potash rained.
Contains 2 highs and is gently folded and

faulted. Southern high believed to have

Salt dome. Top of salt 750 feet. No oil or gas shows.

best possibilities.

Elite

Anticline found by seismograph. Well drilled on top

Holzbalge Salt dome prospect with l i t t l e or no devel­
Ellerburg
opment.
penetrated through Malm and Dogger into salt with neg­
ative results. t

Hordorf Located northeast of Brunswick. Salt dome.

Large broad gentle anticline located southeast of
Elm
Brunswick. Structure i s asymmetrical, southeast flank
dipping 10-20 degrees and northeast flank about 5
degrees. Believed to have p o s s i b i l i t i e s in the Zech­
stein at about 1,200 meters in depth.
Identioal with Neistadt-Elvesse anticline.
Elvesse
Elzel A supposed dome located southwest of Wilhelmshaven
Engter-Venne
Located near Venne. Mapped by surface geology. Well
drilled on top of structure passed through Cornbrash
and was abandoned at 948 meters in Lias before reach­
ing Rhaet.No o i l shows. Salt water flow at 528 meters.
Results appear to condemn structure.
North end of Ehmen structure northeast of Brunswick.
Fallersleben Salt dome. Top of salt 750 f e e t . No o i l or gas shows.
Salt dome. Top of salt 700 f e e t . Small asphaltic de­
Flachstflckheim posit in Lower Cretaceous. No o i l .
Located near northwest end of Harz Mountains. Salt
Located north of Harz Mountains. Salt anti­
Gross Rhuden anticline. Top of s a l t at 1,000 feet. Potash mined.
Oil seeps on southwest flank and some o i l
produced from hand dug p i t s . Several wells
drilled without commercial production. Oil
from Lower Dogger formation.
Husum Near Nienburg. Salt dome. Top of salt 325
feet. Probable extension of the Stelnhuder-
Ueer salt anticline. Some gas found in Low­
er Cretaoeous.
Huy Located near Balberstadt, north of Harz
Mountains. Salt anticline. Top of salt
2,600 f e e t . No gas or o i l shows.
Isenbuttel North of Brunswick near Gifhorn. Geophysi­
cal prospect, probable dome. Little or no
development.
North of Oldenburg. Salt dome. Top of salt
Jaderberg
at 3,400 f e e t . Torsion balance discovery
19 29. Several wells drilled. No o i l or gas
shows reported.
Jerxheim
cline. Top of salt at 700 feet. No oil or

gas shows.

30 - PRODUCING

Oil prospeots

O I L P R O S P E C T S I N G E R M A N Y (Cont inued)

NORTH GERMAN BASIN (Continued)

Name
R e m a r k s Name
R e m a r k s

Jever
Northwest of Wllhelmshaven, near Jever. Salt Offleben
Salt anticline. Top of salt 350 feet. No oil or

dome prospect. Torsion balance discovery 1931. (Barneburg)

gas shows.

Well drilled, nor oil or gas shows reported.

Oldenbtlttel
East of Heide field. Prospect is an elongated

Kalbe
Situated on PompeckJ Swell, near town of Gard­ salt ridge trending approximately north-south. It

elegen. Salt dome. Top of salt at 600 feet.

is believed to have oil possibilities similar to

Triassic outcropping. No oil or gas shows known.

Heide at depths around 1,000 meters. Many wells

will probably be required to test structure b e ­

Klein Kuhran
Near LtJneburg on PompeckJ Swell. Salt dome.Top
fore its value is ascertained.

of salt at 1,400 feet. No oil or gas shows.

Oldenburg
The town o f Oldenburg situated on prospect which

Kolkhagen
Looated in same general area as preceding. Salt
is reported to have been discovered by torsion

dome. Top of salt 350 feet. No oil or gas shows.

balance. Area is in initial stage of development

Potash mined.
without commercial production.

Langenfelde
Northwest of Hamburg. Salt dome or horst(?).Cap- Cxtedt
North of Bremmerhaven near coast. This is a

(Bahrenfeld)
rook at depth of 75 feet. Permian near surfaoe,
questionable prospect. One well shows Upper Cre­
covered only by alluvium. No oil or gas shows.
tacious chalk unusually high.

Lehrte-Sarstedt
See Sarstedt-Lehrte-Sehnde prospect. Haddestorf
Found with Seismograph. Two wells drilled by end

of 1937, deepest to 354 meters, had gas shows.

Leine-tal
Northwest of Harz Mountains, near Alfeld. Salt
Structure was in exploratory stage of development

anticline. Top of salt at 1,000 ft. Mining for

prior to the war.

potash showing exceedingly faulted beds. One

potash shaft struck oil and some few tons were Hauthelm
Immediately southeast of Brunswick. Salt dome.

produced. Several wells were drilled for oil in

Top of salt 700 feet. Some oil produced from the

potash shaft without commercial production

Dogger formation at 2,600 feet o n the east flank.

being obtained.
No deep wells drilled. Potash mined.

Lenne
'.Vest of Harz Mountains, near Stadtoldendorf.Salt Rehburg
Prospect is plunging nose of salt dcme. Salt r e ­
anticline. Top of salt 2,000 feet. No oil or gas
ported found at 124 meters. Two wells drilled b e ­
shows. Well drilled.
fore war encountered no shows of oil or g a s .

Lenzen
Near Lenzen on PompeckJ Swell. Salt done. Top Rethem
Near Verden. Salt dome. Top of salt 600 feet. No

of salt about 1,000 feet.No oil or gas shows.

oil or gas shows. Potash mined.

Levern
Salt dome prospect; little or no development. RolfsbUttel
Near Pelne. Prospect on the northwest flank

called Hillerse "play" where number of gas and oil

Llchtenhorst
Believed to be identical with Stocken.
shows were encountered in uiiddle Kimmeridge form­
ation. Rolfsbllttel is a salt dome with the top of

Limberg
East of Osnabrtlck. Believed to be salt dome
the salt at 700 feet. Oil shows and slight produc­
prospect; little or no development.
tion from the Lower Cretaceous about 5-1/3 miles

west of dome near Horst-'.vipshausen. Small dike of

Lubtheen
Near Boizenburg on PompeckJ Swell. Salt dome.
basalt intrudes salt. This is furthermost occur­
Top of salt 800 feet. Potash mined.
rence northward of basalt in Germany. Basalt is

Miocene or younger in age.

Luchow
Located on PompeckJ Swell near Luchow. Salt

dome. Top of salt 700 feet. Potash mined. No Rudersdorf

East of Berlin on PompeckJ Swell. Salt dome or

oil or gas shows.

anticline. Top of salt 1,800 feet with uplifted

Triassic at surface. No olx or gas shows are r e ­

LUneburg
Near town of same name on PompeckJ Swell. Salt
ported.

dome, gypsum cap exposed above surface. Top of

salt less than 350 feet. Salt mined here since Salzdahlum
Either identical with or close to Asse. Two wells

950 A..D. Trlasslc rocks exposed around edges

were drilled prior to the war, the deepest to 433

of dome.
meters. No gas or oil shows.

Lydachenaher-Meer
See Zwlschenahner Meer. Salzgitter
North of northwest end of Harz Mountains, near

town of same name. Salt anticline with Triassic

Markhausen
West of Bremen. Believed to be a salt dome but
exposed at surface. No oil or gas shows.

little or no development done.

oarstedt-Lehrte-
Near Lehrte. A salt anticline with top of salt at

L'.eimerhausen
Located northwest of Harz Mountains, near sehnde
650 feet. Some light oil produced from Rhaet

M f e l d . Salt anticline. Gypsum at surface.

formation in Upper Triassic and from Lower Creta­
Salt at shallow depth. No oil or gas shows.
ceous on east flank. Asphalt mined since 1860.

No commercial production of oil.

Melssendorf
Near Celle. Salt dome. Top of salt 350 feet.

Well drilled had shows of oil in Lower V/ealden Scharrel

Oil prospect on which there is little or no d e ­
at about 1,500 meters.
velopment.

Meuhalbensleben
Located near town of same name north of Magde- Schessinghaiiaen
Northwest of Hannover, near Nienburg. Torsion bal­
burg. Salt dome. Drilled for oil but no shows
ance prospect. Several wells drilled, three or

of oil or gas reported.

four of whioh h«id oil shows in Oligocene at about

1,000 feet. Probable salt d-me though salt is not

Ne us tad t-Elv i s s e
Northwest of Hannover. Geophysical prospect
known to heve bean encountered by wells drilled.

with closure reported at 600 meters. Before war

development consisted of core drilling. Schltlsselburg

Located by seismograph and ooredrilled before war.

Anticline not very pronounced and may not have

Nordkampen Sud
Believed to be salt dome prospect. Little or no
sufficient closure to be productive. Oil shows in

development done.
Rhaet and failure to produce from this horizon r e ­
ported due to low porosity.

Nordsteimboke
Located near Fallersleben. Salt anticline with

top of salt about 1,000 feet. Potash mined. ScbObull

North of Husum. Probable dome. Devonian formation

No oil or gas shows reported. This prospect lies

exposed at surface. No drilling known. No ail or

on the Oberes Allertal axis.

gas shows.

Oberes Allertal
Southward extension of preceding structure. A Seefeld
Southwest of Bremmerhaven. Salt dome prospect on

long faulted salt anticline. Top of salt 700

which there has been little or no develoDment.

feet. Well drilled in bottom of potash shaft

near Wefensleben. Had oil shows in anhydrite. Segeberg

Near Ltlbeck. bait dome. Gypsum cap rock exposed

Some few barrels produced. No commercial produc­ at surface v.lth Upper Permian Zechstein dolomite

tion established.
uplifted. Caves in gypsum cap. No oil or gas

shows.

Ochtrup
Near £>entheim. A salt anticline. Top of salt

about 1,400 feet. Structure long anticline over- Solingen

Near Rotenberg. Salt dome. Torsion balance and

turned to north with Lower Buntsandstein exposed

seismograph discovery. Now being drilled. First

at 3urfaoe. Three wells on south flank prior to

well found 80 degree dip in Eocene formation at

1935. One of these had oil shows In Lower Zech­ depth of about 1,500 feet.

stein at 2,800 feet.

Soltau
Near town of same name. Salt dome. Top of salt

Oderwald
Salt anticline. Top of salt 700 feet. No oil or
about 1,000 feet. No oil or gas shows reported.

gas shows In wells drilled.

Ahlften No. 1 well on this structure found hori­
zons of Hannover area absent.

 PRODUCING - 31

Oil prospects

O I L P R O S P E C T S I N G E R M A N Y (Continued)

NORTH GSRMAN BASIN (Continued)

Name
Remarks Name Remarks
Sophiental Northwest of Brunswick. Salt dome. Top of
s a l t about 700 feet. Torsion balance discovery. No Wilhelmshaven Near town of same name. Torsion balance pros­
o i l or gas shows reported.
pect not known to have been drilled.
Sperenberg South of Berlin on Pompeckj Swell. Salt dome or

'.Yolthausen Salt dome. Discovered by torsion balance,

anticline. Surface indications of structure with
checked with seismography. Drilling proved the
Permian Zechstein at 2,000 feet. No oil or gae
presence of the dome, but no oil or gas shows
shows known.
were encountered.
Stade Zlcherie On PompeekJ Swell northeast of Gifhorn. Salt
West of Hamburg near town of same name. Structure
done. Top of salt 1,700 feet. No o i l or gas
is horst. Salt i s interbedded with red beds. Upper­ shows reported.
most Rotliegendea, Lower and Middle Zechstein

overlain by red beds of Upper Permian. No o i l or

Zwlschenahner Meer Salt dome. Top of s a l t at 1,750 feet. Torsion
gas ahows.
balance discovery. Proved existence of dome by
Staaafurt drilling. No oil or gas shows.
North of east end of Harz Mountains, near town of

same name. Salt anticline. Top of salt 600 feet.

Oldest potash mines in Germany. No oil or gas

THURINGIAN BASIN

shows.

Steinhuder-Meer Salt dome. Top of salt 1,000 feet. Some oil and
Bienstedt Situated 40 kilometers southeast of Menteroda
gas shows. Potash mined.
and 17 kilometers northeast of Gotha In Province
Stocken of Thurlngen. The structure is an elongated done
in which upper Muschelkalk (Middle Trlasslc)
(Llohtenhorat) Near Verden. Salt dome. Top of s a l t about 1,000
crops out in an area 14 kilometers long and 3
feet. No oil or gas shows. Structure not adequate­ kilometers wide surrounded by Keuper (Upper
ly tested before war.
Tria&sic). Closure is possibly 150 meters.Depth
to Middle Zechstein Is approximately 1,000
Strackholt Geophysical s a l t dome prospect, deep seated type
meters.
with anhydrite reported a t l,£70 meters. One well

drilled to 1,314 meters with no shows of oil or

Dieteroda Located about 30 kilometers west of Volkenroda
gas.
field. The structure is a faulted anticline. I t
is not considered as good a prospect as other
Stuvenborn Reported to be piercement type dome with oil possi­ known structures in the Thuringian Basin, but is
b i l i t i e s on flanks. Nahe No. 1 well abandoned at
believed to have possibilities for oil northeast
479 meters in Miocene due to mechanical difficul­ of the fault a t depths around 800 meters in the
t i e s . To test the structure from 5 to 10 wells will
Zechstein.
be drilled between 1,200 and 1,500 meters in depth.

Ettersberg Situated approximately 60 km. southeast of

SQderhastedt Structure is believed to be salt ridge similar to
Menteroda and 40 km. northeast of Gotha. The
Oldenbtlttel and Heide field. Two dry holes have
structure Is an e l l i p t i c a l shaped dome, 10 km.
been drilled, the deepest being 948 meters. No
by 4 km., in which the Upper toluachelkalk (Mid­
shows of o i l or gas encountered.
dle Triassic) crops out surrounded by Keuper
(Upper Triassic). Closure i s about 200 meters.
Sulzo Salt dome prospect with l i t t l e or no development.
Depth to the Middle Zechstein is around 1,000
meters.
Theide North end of Oderwald proepeot, particularly the

northwest flank. Top of the salt in this locality

Kraula About 30 km. southwest of Menteroda and 16 km.
approximately 700 feet. Potash mined. No o i l or
south of Muehlhausen in the province of Thurin­
gas shows reported.
gen. Structure is a dome in which Lower Muschel­
kalk (Middle TriasBic)ls exposed over an area 6
ThQren Salt dome prospect with l i t t l e or no development.
km. by 2 km..surrounded by Middle and Upper
Muschelkalk (Middle Triassic). Closure is be­
Tlramel Salt dome prospect with l i t t l e or no development.
lieved to be about 200 meters. Depth to the Mid­
dle Zechstein is around 900 meters.
Uehte Geophysical nigh probably anticline. First well

drilled in 1937 encountered no oil or gas shows

Sohlothelm Located about 10 km. southeast of Menteroda in
and is reported to have otherwise been discourag­ the provinces of Thurlngen and Sachsen. The
ing for future d r i l l i n g .
structure contains slightly southward dipping
strata tilted and offset by minor faults with
Venne See Engter-Venne.
northwest strike. Outoropping 6trata are Upper
Muschelkalk (Middle Triasslc). Depth to the Mid­
Verden Salt dome. Oil shows in Tertiary at 650 feet.
dle Zechstein 1,000 meters approximately.
Volkensen Near Zeven. Dome prospect. Geophysical discovery.
RHINE VALLEY GRABEN

No report of o i l or gas shows in well d r i l l e d .

The drawings on pages 71 and 73 show prospects along the faults

Wesendorf Near Gifhorn. Torsion balance prospect not known bounding the graben, at iVeingarten, Rott, StettfieH and in other lo­
to have been d r i l l e d . calities. On some of these excellent showings of oil have already been

encountered in the wells drilled and Indicated on the maps.There are

also possibilities for oil in Hie central part of the basin along

faults and on a horst or fold mentioned elsewhere in the report.

BAVARIAN BASIN

Little is known regarding the structures in this basin. The draw­

ings on page ^ 7 show the overthrust fault and the magnetic axes along

which they probably occur. The most favorable oil prospeots should be

found in the deepest part of the basin Just north of the overthrust

fault in southeastern Bavaria.

32 - PRODUCING
Oil f i e l d s

MAP SHOWING s

OIL FIELDS OF
NORTHWESTERN EUROPE HEIDE Kiel
<O

SCALE
7 / ^
40 60 80 100 MILES
C.tCHEMWfNGSTEDT cP <\
t -VT EPENWOHRDEN %
j 54"

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 KILOMETERS V MELDORF

Elmshorn Lubeck

D , S t a d e
^ jvHamburg Schwerin1
^Bremernaven x?-—^2
^S^^REITBROOK
SOTTORF' MECKELFELCFU
Oldenburg JV Luneburg \
•*» ^ ^ ^ Bremen
Ulzen 53<

l]\ FUHRBERG-HAMBUHREN
TH6REN^EICKELOH I rWIENHAUSEN
COEVORDEN • I RODEWALD, ^ ^ W I E T Z F J J WESTERHOLZ stendal
rr / " • • ALTE PICCARDIE
MlCHHEIM'* '(pALUM f HOPE' ---^EICKLINGEN'EHRA
Gardele en
^-~-r* .y NIENHAGEN ; H ? M I ^ M G I F H O RI N1 e
N
) ^^ -. .ANIGSEN "
J Bentheiml V Osnabruck V Mi.taf " f S S ^ .„".''ODESSE-OLHEIM Bu,?

's-Gravenhage
52"
Rotterdam
Munster
/ """\ Halberstadt

A N Y

y Krefeld* fVOLKENRODA

Antwerpen «?p Muhlhausen

Remscheld
^/Munchen­
l _ Gladbach
Koln ° Eisenach Erfurt
0 . Bruxelles
. ~ - X & Aachen
B E L G I U •^-^•Liege »* ^ !
.-ii/»////

5O°I

\ 6* f/ V - ^
\^" (!M K '"""'»* ^BOURG y ^

LEGEND
Oil field = # OBERG
>ECHELBRON>i y
"V ^Karlsruhe
(BRUCHSAL)

R C E "° / ,u,. Other locality = ^ Bremen