Exercise 1: 1. A biker travels at an average speed of 18 km/h along a 0.30 km straight segment of a bike path.

How much time does the biker take to travel this segment? 2. A hiker travels south along a straight path for 1.5 h with an average speed of 0.75 km/h and then travels north for 2.5 h with an average speed of 0.90 km/h. What is the hikers displacement for the total trip? 3. A stroller walks the first half of a straight 1.0 km trail at a steady pace of 0.75 m/s, east. He walks the second half at a constant stride of 0.60 m/s, east. What is his average velocity along the trail? 4. A shopping cart is given an initial velocity of 2.0 m/s and undergoes a constant acceleration of 3.0 m/s2. What is the magnitude of the carts displacement after the first 4.0 s of its motion? 5. A skater glides off a frozen pond onto a patch of ground at a speed of 1.8 m/s. Here she is slowed at a constant rate of 3.00 m/s2. How fast is the skater moving when she has slid 0.37 m across the ground? 6. A sports car traveling at 27.8 m/s slows at a constant rate to a stop in 8.00 s. What is the displacement of the sports car in this time interval? 7. A toy car is given an initial velocity of 5.0 m/s and experiences a constant acceleration of 2.0 m/s2. What is the final velocity after 6.0 s? 8. A soccer ball is moving horizontally at a speed of 3.0 m/s. It then undergoes a constant negative acceleration. After 4.0 s, the ball is moving at 1.5 m/s. What is the balls displacement? 9. A race car accelerates from 0.0 m/s to 30.0 m/s with a displacement of 45.0 m. What is the cars acceleration? 10. A kitten pushes a ball of yarn rolling toward it at 1.00 cm/s with its nose, displacing the ball of yarn 17.5 cm in the opposite direction in 2.00 s. What is the acceleration of the ball of yarn? 11. A rock is thrown downward from the top of a cliff with an initial speed of 12 m/s. If the rock hits the ground after 2.0 s, what is the height of the cliff? (Disregard air resistance. a = g = 9.81 m/s2.) 12. A rock is thrown straight upward with an initial velocity of 24.5 m/s where the acceleration due to gravity has a magnitude of 9.81 m/s2. What is the rocks displacement after 1.00 s? 13. A coin released at rest from the top of a tower hits the ground after falling 1.5 s. What is the speed of the coin as it hits the ground? (Disregard air resistance. a = g = 9.81 m/s2.) 14. A rock is thrown straight upward with an initial velocity of 9.6 m/s in a location where the acceleration

due to gravity has a magnitude of 9.81 m/s2. To what height does it rise? 15. Someone throws a rubber ball vertically upward from the roof of a building 8.00 m in height. The ball rises, then falls. It just misses the edge of the roof, and strikes the ground. If the ball is in the air for 3.00 s, what was its initial velocity? (Disregard air resistance. a = g = 9.81 m/s2.)

Exercise 2:

1) An astronaut of mass 90 kg moves at a velocity of 6ms-1 and bumps into a stationary astronaut mass 100kg. Howfast do the two astronaut move together after the collision?

2. A trolley of mass 3 kg moving at a velocity of 2ms-1 collides with another trolley of mass 0.5kg which is moving ata velocity of 1ms-1 in the same direction. If the 0.5 kg trolley moves at a velocity of 2.5ms-1 in the same direction afterthe collision, what is the velocity of the 3kg trolley?

3. Block A of mass 5 kg is moving with velocity 2 m s-1 and collides with another stationery block B of unknown mass. After the collision, block A moves with velocity 0.5 m s-1. Given that the collision is elastic. Find the Momentum of block B after the collision.

4. A truck travels at a velocity of 15 m s-1 collides head-on with a car that travels at 30 m s-1. The mass of the truckand the car are 6000 kg and 1500 kg respectively. What is the final velocity of the two vehicles after the collision if they stick together?

5. Car A of mass 100 kg traveling at 30 m s-1 collides with Car B of mass 90 kg traveling at 20 m s-1 in front of it.Car A and B move separately after collision. If Car A is still moving at 25 m s-1 after collision, determine the velocityof Car B after collision.

6. An arrow of mass 150 g is shot into a wooden block of mass 450 g lying at rest on a smooth surface. At themoment of impact, the arrow is travelling horizontally at 15 ms-1. Calculate the common velocity after the impact7. An instructor fires a pistol which has a massof 1.5 kg. If the bullet weighs 10 g and itreaches a velocity of 300 m s-1 after shooting, what is the recoil velocity of thepistol?

Essay Question.

In a supermarket, firdaus help his mother to push an empty trolley to carry the things she intends to buy. After shopping, he pushes the trolley which is full to the cashiers counter. Firdaus noticed that it is more difficult to push full trolley compared to an empty one.

Based on the observation,

a) make one suitable inference, b) state one appropriate hypothesis that could be investigate

[1 mark] [1 mark]

c) describe how you would design an experiment to test your hypothesis using an inertia balance, G-clamp and other apparatus. In your description, clearly state the following : i) aim of the experiment ii) variables in the experiment iii) list of apparatus and materials iv) arrangement of the apparatus v) the procedures of the experiment, which includes the method of controlling the manipulated variable and the method of measuring the responding variable. vi) the way you would tabulate the data

vii) the way you would analyse the data Answer :

[10 marks]

Option 1: Using an inertia balance Inference : Inertia depends on mass Hypothesis: The larger the mass, the bigger the inertia When the mass increases, the inertia increases Aim of the experiment: To study the effect of mass on the inertia of an object Variables: Manipulated: Mass, m Responding: Period of oscillation, T (inertia) Constant: Stiffness of the inertia balance Apparatus/Materials: Inertia balance, masses for the inertia balance, G-clamp, stopwatch.

Arrangement:

Procedure: 1. The inertia balance is set up. 2. One piece of mass is placed. The inertia balance is oscillated in horizontal plane. 3. The time for 10 complete oscillations is measured using a stopwatch. 4. Steps 2 and 3 are repeated using two and three masses on the inertia balance. 5. A graph of T2 versus number of masses, n is drawn.

Results:

Graph of T2 versus m:

Discussion: The graph of T2 versus m shows a straight line passing through the origin. The period of oscillation increases (directly porpotional) with the mass of the load; an object with a large mass has a large inertia. Conclusion: Objects with a large mass have a large inertia. This is the reason why it is difficult to set an object of large mass in motion or to stop it. The hypothesis is valid.

Option 2: Using a jigsaw blade Apparatus/Materials: Jigsaw blade, G-clamp, stopwatch, and plasticine spheres of mass 20 g, 40 g, 60 g, 80 g, and 100 g Arrangement:

Procedure: 1. One end of jigsaw blade clamped to leg of table with G-clamp. 2. A 20 g plasticine ball is fixed at one end of blade. 3. The blade is displaced horizontally and released to oscillate. The time for 10 complete oscillations measured with stopwatch. This step repeated.. 4. Steps 2 and 3 are repeated with 40 g, 60 g, 80 g, and 100 g. 5. A graph of T2 versus mass of load, m is drawn.
Result:

Graph of T2 versus m:

Discussion: The graph of T2 versus m shows a straight line passing through the origin. This means that the period of oscillation increases with the mass of the load; that is, an object with a large mass has a large inertia.

Conclusion: Objects with a large mass have a large inertia. This is the reason why it is difficult to set an object of large mass in motion or to stop it. The hypothesis is valid.