Name

___________________________________________ BSCI 207 Spring 2013

Names of other group members:

HW8. Circulatory Systems - Due Friday, April 12

Please remember that these questions are intended for group discussion, and you should meet before completing the assignment. However, you must write your answers independently of each other. "I pledge on my honor that I have not given or received any unauthorized assistance on this assignment/examination." Signature:

Several of these problems are challenging do not hesitate to ask for assistance from the UTAs

1. Vive la diffrence: The circulatory system in mammals evolved independently of the xylem in angiosperm trees. Compare and contrast these two circulatory systems with respect to the following characteristics. Use the textbook readings and the GAE pdf to answer these questions. 1A. The nature of the overall circulatory system (open, closed, or flow-through) and the molecules, substances, and/or cells carried in the circulatory fluid (2 pts) Mammal Tree - 1B. The nature of the pump, its mode of action, and its energy source (2 pts) Mammal Tree -

Comparative aspects of circulatory systems

2. No extra cheese, please! Coronary arteries are responsible for supplying oxygenated blood to heart muscle. Coronary heat disease is caused by the arteriosclerosis, i.e., the deposition of plaque along the walls of the coronary arteries, which reduces the effective radius of the arteries. After a sudden bout of chest pain, you are rushed to the emergency room. Subsequent tests reveal that the rate of blood flow in your coronary arteries is 19.8% of the typical flow in open arteries. Your family cant believe the doctors report regarding the low flow rate, because your arteries didnt look that occluded in dye tests. However, you inform them that based on your knowledge from 207 even partial occlusions are very serious due to the non-negotiable physics of fluid flow. 2A. Assuming that all other variables affecting blood flow remain the same, then determine the radius of the lumen in your occluded artery that has resulted in 19.8% of its normal flow. The radius of the open lumen in a healthy artery is 1.5 mm. Explain your reasoning, and show your calculations. (3 pts) 2C. What might be the biological consequences if your body were to increase its blood pressure to compensate for these occluded arteries. Refer to: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0001502 (2 pts) 3. Demanding adults. The aorta, the largest artery in mammals, carries oxygenated blood from the left ventricle to the rest of the body. In the human infant, the aorta has a radius of 3 mm, but this radius grows to 1.5 cm in adult humans. If you make the simplifying (but somewhat incorrect) assumption that all features of cardiac output, including blood pressure and oxygen-carrying capacity, remain the same in infants vs. adults, how many times greater oxygen demand can theoretically be supported by the larger aorta in the adult? Explain your reasoning, and show your calculations. (3 pts)

4. From one to many One principle of closed circulatory systems is the total flow at each branching level of the system must be equal, or otherwise, the blood would pool at one level. This insight can be used to calculate the number of vessels at a given level. Using the information in the following table, calculate the number of capillaries in systematic circuit in the human body. Explain your reasoning, and show your calculations. (Hint: the mean flow rate can be calculated by the cross-sectional area times the mean flow speed.) (3 pts)

Vessel type Aorta Capillaries

Radius (cm) 1.5 4 x 10-4

Mean speed of flow (cm/s) 48 0.05

Number 1 ?