INFOCUS

TEXTILE MANUFACTURING

REGULATORY REVIEW REDUCING WASTE AND PREVENTING POLLUTION RELEVANT RESOURCES

CONTENTS

Contents
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FOREWORD
If you are a textile manufacturer, your facility might generate hazardous waste. If so, you are regulated by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) under a federal law called the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA). Under RCRA, you are required to follow certain procedures when generating, storing, transporting, treating, or disposing of hazardous waste. RCRA in Focus provides an overview of the federal regulations you are required to follow and the wastes that are likely to be hazardous in your business. It also provides federal recycling and pollution prevention options to help you decrease the amount of hazardous waste you generate.

Frequently Asked Questions About RCRA The Life Cycle of a Typical Textile Manufacturing Waste Requirements for Regulated Textile Manufacturers Reduce or Minimize the Hazardous Wastes You Generate Other Environmental Laws Affecting Textile Manufacturing Industry Contacts and Resources

FOR MORE INFORMATION CALL:

RCRA Call Center

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 800 424-9346 or TDD 800 553-7672. In the Washington, DC, area: 703 412-9810 or TDD 703 412-3323.

FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS ABOUT RCRA

What Is RCRA?

Questions

RCRA is a federal law that encourages environmentally sound methods for managing commercial and industrial waste as well as household and municipal waste. It regulates facilities that generate, transport, treat, store, or dispose of hazardous waste. Many textile manufacturing facilities may be considered hazardous waste generators, rather than treatment, storage, and disposal facilities (TSDFs), which are subject to more rigorous regulations. The term RCRA is often used interchangeably to refer to the law, the regulations, and EPA policy and guidance. The law describes the waste management program mandated by Congress that gave EPA authority to develop the RCRA program. EPA regulations carry out the Congressional intent by providing explicit, legally enforceable requirements for waste management. EPA guidance documents and policy directives clarify issues related to the implementation of the regulations. All of the RCRA hazardous waste regulations can be found in the Code of Federal Regulations (CFR), Title 40, Parts 260 to 279. The CFR can be purchased through the U.S. Government Printing Office (GPO) or is available online at <www.access.gpo.gov/nara/cfr/cfr-tablesearch.html>.

STATE REQUIREMENTS

Who Is Regulated?
Any textile facility that generates hazardous waste is potentially subject to RCRA. You must conduct tests required by the regulations or use your knowledge of and familiarity with the waste you generate to determine whether it is hazardous waste (as opposed to other types of waste). You might be subject to substantial civil and criminal penalties if you fail to properly or completely identify hazardous waste generated by your business.

What Is Hazardous Waste?

To be considered hazardous waste, a material first must be classified as a solid waste. EPA defines solid waste as garbage, refuse, sludge, or other discarded material (including solids, semisolids, liquids, and contained gaseous materials). If your waste is considered solid waste, you must then determine if it is hazardous waste. Wastes are defined as hazardous by EPA if they are specifically named on one of four lists of hazardous wastes (listed wastes) or if they exhibit one of four characteristics (characteristic wastes). Each type of RCRA hazardous waste is given a unique hazardous waste code using the letters D, F, K, P , or U and three digits (e.g., D001, F005, P039). See pages 8 to 11 for additional information on textile manufacturing waste codes. Listed Wastes. Wastes are listed as hazardous because they are known to be harmful to human health and the environment when not managed properly, regardless of their concentrations. The lists include the following three types of waste:
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ou may be regulated both by your state hazardous waste agency and EPA. RCRA allows states to receive legal permission, known as authorization, to implement the RCRA hazardous waste program. You must always contact your state authority to determine which state requirements apply to your business. To operate a hazardous waste program, a states regulations must be consistent with, and at least as stringent as, the federal program. Some states adopt more stringent requirements for facilities handling hazardous waste, which are considered part of the authorized program.

MORE QUESTIONS?

all the RCRA Call Center at

800 424-9346 or TDD 800 553-7672 for additional information about RCRA rules and regulations. In the Washington, DC, area, call 703 4129810 or TDD 703 4123323.

Non-Specific Source Wastes. These are material-specific wastes, such as solvents, generated by several different industries. Waste codes range from F001 to F039. Examples of potential textile manufacturing wastes that fit this catergory are methylene chloride and toluene. Specific Source Wastes. These are wastes from specifically identified industries. Waste codes range from K001 to K161. Textile manufacturing typically does not produce specific source wastes. Discarded Commercial Chemical Products. Off-specification products, container residuals, spill residue runoff, or active ingredients that have spilled or are unused and that have been, or are intended to be, discarded. Waste codes range from P001 to P205 and U001 to U411.

TEXTILE MANUFACTURING

AM I REGULATED BY RCRA OR SUPERFUND?

Characteristic Wastes. Even if your waste does not appear on one of the hazardous waste lists, it still might be regulated as hazardous waste if it exhibits one or more of the following characteristics:
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Frequently

CRA regulates the treatment, storage, and disposal of hazardous waste being generated now and in the future. Superfund was created to pay for the identification, inspection, investigation, ranking, and cleanup of abandoned or uncontrolled hazardous waste sites that people responsible for contamination are unable or unwilling to clean up. Call the RCRA Call Center for more information.

Ignitability. Ignitable wastes create fires under certain conditions or are spontaneously combustible, and have a flash point less than 60 C (140 F). One example is spent solvents from cleaning and dyeing operations. The waste code for these materials is D001. Corrosivity. Corrosive wastes are acids or bases that are capable of corroding metal containers, such as storage tanks, drums, and barrels. Bleaching waste with a pH greater than 12.5 is one example. The waste code for these materials is D002. Reactivity. Reactive wastes are unstable under normal conditions. They can cause explosions, toxic fumes, gases, or vapors when mixed with water. Examples include lithium-sulfur batteries and explosives. The waste code for these materials is D003. Toxicity. Toxic wastes are harmful or fatal when ingested or absorbed. When toxic wastes are disposed of on land, contaminated liquid may drain (leach) from the waste and pollute ground water. Toxicity is defined through a laboratory procedure called the Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure (TCLP). Certain chemical wastes and heavy metals generated from dyeing textiles are examples of potential toxic wastes. The waste codes for these materials range from D004 to D043.

How Are Generators Regulated?

If your textile business generates hazardous waste, you must manage it according to regulations for your specific generator type. Hazardous waste generators are divided into three categories, according to how much they generate in a calendar month:
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Large Quantity Generators (LQGs). LQGs generate greater than or equal to 1,000 kg (approximately 2,200 lbs) of hazardous waste per month, or greater than 1 kg (approximately 2.2 lbs) of acutely hazardous waste per month. Small Quantity Generators (SQGs). SQGs generate greater than 100 kg (approximately 220 lbs) but less than 1,000 kg of hazardous waste per month. Conditionally Exempt Small Quantity Generators (CESQGs). CESQGs generate less than or equal to 100 kg of hazardous waste per month, and less than or equal to 1 kg of acutely hazardous waste per month.

Some states do not recognize the CESQG class. Contact your state environmental agency to find out if the CESQG status is recognized. To find your appropriate state contact, call the RCRA Call Center at 800 424-9346. Under the federal RCRA requirements, your generator status might change from one month to the next as the quantity of waste you generate changes. State requirements vary widely. You must comply with whichever standard is applicable for a given month. In many cases, small businesses that fall into different generator categories at different times choose to always satisfy the more stringent requirements (usually state requirements) to simplify compliance. Generators must count the amount of waste generated, which involves adding up the total weight of all quantities of characteristic and listed waste generated at a particular facility. Certain wastes, such as those that are reclaimed or recycled continuously on site, are not counted under the federal regulations but might be counted under some state regulations.

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Asked Questions
Do Exclusions Exist?
Exclusions and Exemptions Domestic Sewage Exclusion Description Point Source Discharge Exclusion

The RCRA regulations contain many exclusions for wastes and waste management practices that are not considered to be hazardous. Several exclusions and exemptions pertain specifically to the textile manufacturing industry. Some states, however, do not recognize the federal exclusions.

Mixtures of domestic sewage and other wastes that pass through a sewer system to a publicly owned treatment works (POTW) for treatment are excluded from the definition of solid waste. Generators are encouraged to contact their local POTW for prior approval. Point source discharges of industrial waste waters that are subject to regulation under 402 of the Clean Water Act are excluded from the definition of solid waste. Any hazardous waste tank system used to store or treat the wastewater that is managed at an onsite wastewater treatment facility with a National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) permit or that discharges to a POTW is exempt from the RCRA regulations. Tanks used for neutralizing waste that is hazardous solely because of its corrosive characteristic are excluded from the permitting requirements. Waste treated in these units is not considered hazardous while in the units. Small quantities of some solvents and other chemicals are exempt from the regulations when they are mixed with wastewater in a wastewater treatment system discharging according to the Clean Water Act.

Wastewater Treatment Unit Exemption

Elementary Neutralization Unit Exemption

De Minimis Exclusion

TEXTILE MANUFACTURING

THE LIFE CYCLE OF A TYPICAL TEXTILE MANUFACTURING WASTE

ou've just cleaned your process equipment. Now you have spent solvents that must be managed. You own a small business that produces a wide variety of hazardous wastes. You know it is time to investigate and follow the RCRA regulations. This example details one typical waste life cycle at a textile mill. This life cycle presents the hazardous waste management requirements for an SQG from generation to shipment off site. Other waste life cycles could be different depending on the waste, whether onsite treatment will occur, the type of waste management units used, and the facility generator status.

IDENTIFY WASTE First identify whether your textile waste is hazardous by running tests or using knowledge of the waste. Based on these analyses, determine the appropriate RCRA hazardous waste codes for the spent solvents generated by your textile equipment cleaning.

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COUNT WASTE Next, determine how much hazardous waste you have produced in a calendar month. You do not need to count wastes discharged in compliance with the Clean Water Act directly to a public sewer leading to a POTW or waste recycled only in an onsite process subject to regulation, without first being stored or accumulated.

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SEND WASTE OFF SITE FOR TREATMENT, STORAGE, OR DISPOSAL Using a registered hazardous waste transporter, send the waste to a RCRA hazardous waste TSDF accompanied by the appropriate manifest. You can choose from any permitted or interim status TSDF. Optional destinations for solvents include a hazardous waste incinerator that will landfill the incinerator ash, a hazardous waste fuel blender that will blend the solvents with other wastes and then burn them for energy recovery in a boiler or industrial furnace, or a facility that will recycle the solvents. PREPARE APPROPRIATE NOTIFICATION AND CERTIFICATION Ensure that all hazardous waste sent off site for treatment, storage, and disposal is accompanied by appropriate notifications and certifications (initial shipments only).

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PREPARE HAZARDOUS WASTE MANIFEST Send a manifest along with all hazardous waste sent off site to a TSDF, and keep your copy on site for 3 years. The manifest contains a certification stating that you have a program in place to reduce the volume and toxicity of waste generated to the degree economically practicable, and that you have selected a treatment, storage, and disposal method currently available that minimizes current and future threats from the waste.

DETERMINE GENERATOR STATUS Add together all hazardous wastes to determine that you have produced more than 100 kg, but less than 1,000 kg in the past month, which means you are an SQG in this calendar month. If the amount of waste you generate fluctuates from month to month, you may wish to satisfy the more stringent requirements each month to simplify compliance.

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OBTAIN EPA IDENTIFICATION NUMBER To identify your business as a hazardous waste generator, obtain an EPA identification number by submitting Form 8700-12 (Notification of Regulated Waste Activity), which is obtained from your state hazardous waste agency. Remember, your state requirements might be different.

PLACE WASTE IN ACCUMULATION UNIT When the waste is generated, place it in an appropriate accumulation unit (e.g., a tank or container) that meets the design and management requirements for that type of unit. Mark accumulation containers with the date the waste was placed in the unit; mark accumulation tanks and containers with the words Hazardous Waste. Do not accumulate wastes onsite for longer than the allowed accumulation times (180 days, or 270 days if wastes must be shipped more than 200 miles).

FOLLOW U.S. DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION (DOT) PACKAGING STANDARDS Before shipping waste off site for treatment, storage or disposal, package, label, and mark waste containers in accordance with all applicable DOT requirements. For more information, call the DOT Hotline at 800 467-4922.

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CONTRACT WITH HAZARDOUS WASTE TRANSPORTER To send waste off site to a TSDF, contract with a registered hazardous waste transporter. To locate a reliable transporter, contact a colleague to obtain a reference.

IMPLEMENT SQG EMERGENCY PROCEDURES REQUIREMENTS Check to be sure that emergency preparedness and prevention requirements are met. These include identifying an emergency response coordinator and notifying local emergency response authorities. Post emergency response information near the telephone.

IMPLEMENT PERSONNEL TRAINING Be sure that your personnel are familiar with hazardous waste handling and emergency procedures.

TEXTILE MANUFACTURING

REQUIREMENTS FOR REGULATED TEXTILE MANUFACTURERS

The following table presents an overview of the federal RCRA regulatory requirements for textile manufacturers that are either LQGs, SQGs, or CESQGs. As noted, your state might have different or more stringent requirements.

RCRA REGULATORY REQUIREMENTS

REGULATORY REQUIREMENT
EPA Identification Number

LQGS SQGS CESQGS

 

IMPLEMENTATION EXPLANATION
Obtain an EPA identification number for each facility within your company. EPA and states use this 12-character identification number to track hazardous waste activities. Obtain an EPA identification number by submitting form 8700-12 (Notification of Regulated Waste Activity), which is provided by your state hazardous waste agency. This is a one-time notification. Contact your state regarding the need for renotification if circumstances at your facility change.

Hazardous Waste Identification

Identify whether you generate hazardous waste to determine if you are subject to the RCRA hazardous waste regulations. Test procedures are described in Test Methods for the Evaluation of Solid Waste, Physical/Chemical Methods, SW-846 or tests can be performed by a local laboratory. If you generate used oil, you are subject to a separate set of management standards from the hazardous waste management standards, if the used oil will be recycled. If the used oil is to be treated and disposed of, perform the hazardous waste identification step listed above. Determine how much hazardous waste you generate to determine your generator status. You can accumulate waste in a satellite accumulation area with minimal regulatory burden. This area must be at or near the point of generation and under the control of the operator of the process generating the waste. There is no time limit on accumulation in the satellite accumulation area for waste under 55 gallons. There is a 55-gallon accumulation limit in the satellite accumulation area. Excess waste beyond the 55-gallon limit must be moved from the satellite accumulation area within 3 days. You must accumulate the waste in containers. Waste containers must be marked with the words Hazardous Waste or other words that identify their contents. This waste is exempt from other accumulation provisions while in the satellite accumulation area.

Used Oil Standards

Waste Counting Accumulation Area

 

 

Other Accumulation Areas (Time and Quantity Limits)

If waste accumulation does not meet the requirements for satellite accumulation, it is subject to more stringent requirements. LQGs can accumulate waste on site for up to 90 days without a permit. SQGs can accumulate waste for 180 days, or 270 days if the SQG must transport the waste more than 200 miles to a destination facility. Begin counting accumulation time when waste is first placed in the accumulation unit. Waste must be put in an exempt unit, recycled, or sent off site within the proper time period stated above. If an LQG accumulates wastes beyond the allotted time period, the facility is fully subject to the requirements of a hazardous waste storage facility unless granted an exemption. SQGs cannot accumulate more than 6,000 kg of hazardous waste at any time. CESQGs cannot accumulate more than 1,000 kg of hazardous waste, more than 1 kg of acutely hazardous waste, or 100 kg of spill residue from acutely hazardous waste at any time. Accumulate waste only in units that are in good condition, remain closed except when adding or removing waste, are inspected at least weekly, are compatible with the types of waste, and meet special standards for ignitable waste and incompatible waste. LQGs can use accumulation tanks and containers that have been assessed for integrity, have a secondary containment system, and are inspected each operating day. SQGs can use certain accumulation tanks as well. LQGs can use containment buildings as well. For all units, the date that the accumulation period begins must be clearly marked and visible on each container. All containers and tanks must be clearly marked or labeled with the words Hazardous Waste and accumulation units must be shut down and closed permanently in accordance with standards at the end of the unit life. LQGs and SQGs can treat their waste without a RCRA storage permit in accumulation units that meet standards. LQGs must comply with organic air emissions requirements.

Storage Unit Requirements

Air Emissions Preparedness and Prevention

  

LQGs and SQGs must comply with preparedness and prevention requirements, including the following: An adequate internal alarm or communications system. A device capable of summoning emergency personnel.

 Contingency Plan  

Portable fire control equipment. Adequate water pressure to operate fire control systems. Adequate testing and maintenance of all emergency systems. Access to communication or alarm systems during waste handling activities. Adequate aisle space for emergency response. An arrangement with local emergency response authorities.

LQG facilities must prepare a facility contingency plan in accordance with regulations. The contingency plan must be designed to minimize hazards from fires, explosions, or any unplanned release of hazardous waste or constituents. A copy of the contingency plan must be kept on site and an additional copy must be submitted to all local emergency services providers. LQGs and SQGs must have an emergency coordinator on site or on call at all times to respond to emergencies. Emergency response information must be posted next to the telephone. In the event of a fire, explosion, or release that could threaten human health outside the facility or when a spill has reached surface water, the emergency coordinator must notify the National Response Center at 800 424-8802. LQGs must have a personnel training program in accordance with regulatory standards. Training must instruct facility personnel about hazardous waste management procedures and emergency response. Training must be completed within 6 months from the applicability of requirements. The facility must undertake an annual review of initial training. SQGs must ensure that all employees are thoroughly familiar with proper waste handling and emergency procedures relevant to their responsibilities. Before being transported, waste must be packaged, labeled, and marked in accordance with applicable DOT requirements. Call the DOT hazardous materials information line at 202 366-4488 for information.  Hazardous waste sent off site for handling may only be sent to a hazardous waste TSDF or recycling facility unless otherwise exempt. CESQGs: See onsite management of waste below. CESQGs may either treat waste on site, if it qualifies as one of the following types of facilities, or ensure delivery of waste to one of the following types of facilities: permitted RCRA TSDF; interim status TSDF; authorized to handle hazardous waste by a state with an approved hazardous waste program; permitted, licensed, or registered by state to handle municipal solid waste according to standards; permitted, licensed, or registered by state to handle non-municipal waste; if managed after January 12, 1998, facility is permitted, licensed, or registered by state to handle non-hazardous waste in accordance with standards; facility beneficially uses or reuses, or legitimately recycles or reclaims its waste; facility treats its waste prior to beneficial use, reuse, or legitimate recycling or reclamation; or a universal waste handler in accordance with standards. Hazardous waste sent off site must be accompanied by a manifest, a multipage form that documents the waste's progress through treatment, storage, and disposal. It can usually be obtained from your state agency. The manifest must have enough copies to provide the generator, each transporter, and the destination facility with one copy for their records and a second copy to be returned to the generator after completion by the destination facility operator. SQGs that have a contractual agreement with a waste reclaimer that specifies the types and frequencies of shipments do not need to manifest the wastes if they retain a copy of the agreement in their files. Your waste must meet certain treatment standards under the LDR program. Waste must be treated to reduce the hazardous constituents to levels set by EPA or the waste must be treated using a specified technology. All waste sent off site for treatment, storage, and disposal must be accompanied by appropriate LDR program notifications and certifications. There are no required forms, but these papers must indicate whether or not wastes meet treatment standards or whether the waste is excluded from the definition of hazardous or solid waste, or is otherwise exempt. To encourage generators to produce less hazardous waste, LQGs are required to have a program in place to reduce the volume and toxicity of waste generated to the degree economically practicable, and must select a currently available treatment, storage, or disposal method that minimizes present and future threats. LQGs and SQGs must sign a certification of hazardous waste minimization on the manifest. SQGs must make a good faith effort to minimize waste generation and to select the best available waste management method that they can afford. LQGs must submit biennial reports of waste generation and management activity by March 1 of every even-numbered year. EPA, other agencies, and the public use this information to track trends in hazardous waste management.

Personnel Training

DOT Packaging Offsite Management of Waste Onsite Management of Waste

 

 

Manifest

Land Disposal Restrictions Notification

Hazardous Waste Minimization

Biennial Report Recordkeeping

  

LQGs must maintain personnel training records until the facility closes. LQGs must keep copies of each biennial report for 3 years. LQGs and SQGs must keep a copy of each manifest for 3 years. LQGs and SQGs must keep records of test results, waste analyses, and other hazardous waste determinations for 3 years.

REDUCE OR MINIMIZE THE HAZARDOUS WASTES YOU GENERATE

The following examples show hazardous wastes typically generated by the textile manufacturing industry and provide suggestions for how to recycle, treat, or dispose of them according to federal regulations.
ecycling and pollution prevention measures can significantly reduce your regulatory burden and may save your facility considerable money. This section presents information on hazardous wastes typically generated by various textile manufacturing processes and provides suggestions for how to recycle them or implement pollution prevention measures. This list might not cover all chemicals used or wastes produced by the textile industry. Consult the hazardous waste lists and characteristics to determine if you generate other hazardous wastes. Only the federal hazardous waste codes are provided here. Your state might have different codes for some waste streams. You should check with your state hazardous waste authority for additional waste codes and requirements.

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Reduce or Minimize

PROCESS
Wastes Generated

Bleaching
Hydrogen peroxide, sodium silicate, and organic stabilizer.

Possible RCRA Waste Codes Potential Recycling, Treatment, and Disposal Methods

D002 (hydrogen peroxide).

Treat waste in an elementary neutralization unit. Collect hazardous waste and ship to a hazardous waste TSDF for treatment and disposal.

Potential Pollution Prevention Methods

Use least-toxic bleach solutions.

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Wastes
PROCESS
Mercerizing
Alkali and sodium hydroxide. Wastes Generated Possible RCRA Waste Codes Potential Recycling, Treatment, and Disposal Methods D002 (alkali and sodium hydroxide), if disposing of contaminated raw materials.
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Treat waste in an elementary neutralization unit. Collect hazardous waste and ship to a hazardous waste TSDF for treatment and disposal. Use least-toxic bleach solutions. Maximize equipment efficiency.

Potential Pollution Prevention Methods

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PROCESS
Wastes Generated

Equipment Maintenance
Tetrachloroethylene, trichloroethylene, methylene chloride, chlorobenzene, toluene, methyl ethyl ketone, benzene, xylene, ethylene dichloride, isopropyl alcohol, and mineral spirits (naptha). D001 (isopropyl alcohol and mineral spirits), D018 (benzene), D021 (chlorobenzene), D035 (methyl ethyl ketone), D039 (tetrachloroethylene), D040 (trichloroethylene), F001- F005 (benzene, chlorobenzene, methylene chloride, methyl ethyl ketone, tetrachloroethylene, trichloroethylene, toluene, xylene), U019 (benzene), U037 (chlorobenzene), U077 (ethylene dichloride), U080(methylene chloride), U159 (methyl ethyl ketone), U210 (Tetrachloroethylene), U220 (toluene), U228 (trichloroethylene) and U239 (xylene).
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Possible RCRA Waste Codes

Potential Recycling, Treatment, and Disposal Methods

Reclaim used solvents on site or contract with a recycling facility. Reuse solvents. Collect hazardous waste and ship it using a registered transporter to a hazardous waste TSDF for treatment and disposal. Treat wastewaters in a wastewater treatment unit regulated by the Clean Water Act. Dont overclean materials. Use as little solvent as necessary. Keep solvent containers sealed when possible to prevent volatilization and reduce emissions. Substitute less-hazardous or nonhazardous solvents.

Potential Pollution Prevention Methods

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TEXTILE MANUFACTURING

OTHER ENVIRONMENTAL LAWS AFFECTING THE TEXTILE MANUFACTURING INDUSTRY

CFR GUIDE TO HAZARDOUS WASTE REGULATIONS

o review the RCRA regulations referred to in this document, consult the following citations in 40 CFR:

THE CLEAN WATER ACT The Water Pollution Control Act, commonly known as the Clean Water Act (CWA), is the federal program designed to restore and maintain the integrity of the nations surface waters. CWA controls direct discharges to surface waters (e.g., through a pipe) from industrial processes or stormwater systems associated with an industrial activity. It also regulates indirect discharges, or discharges to POTWs, through a public sewer system, by requiring industrial facilities to pretreat their waste before discharging to a public sewer. Industrial pollutants from the textile industry that might be regulated by CWA include solvents, heavy metals, and alkaline wastes.
CWA Resources: 40 CFR Parts 100 to 129 and 400 to 503 s Internet access: www.epa.gov/OW/ s EPA Office of Water: 202 260-5700 s Your state water authority, regional EPA office, and local POTW
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Laws

Part 260Hazardous waste management system: general. Part 261Identification and listing of hazardous waste. Part 262Standards applicable to generators of hazardous waste. Part 263Standards applicable to transporters of hazardous waste. Part 264Standards for owners and operators of hazardous waste and specific types of hazardous waste management facilities. Part 265Interim status standards for owners and operators of TSDFs. Part 266Standards for the management of specific hazardous wastes and specific types of hazardous waste management facilities. continued

Oil Pollution Prevention Under the CWA The Oil Pollution Prevention regulations were promulgated under the authority of the CWA. These regulations establish requirements for facilities to prevent oil spills from reaching the navigable waters of the United States or adjoining shorelines. The regulations apply to non-transportation-related facilities with a specific aboveground or underground oil storage capacity that, because of their location, can reasonably be expected to discharge oil into the navigable waters of the United States.
Oil Pollution Prevention Regulation Resources: 40 CFR Part 112 s Internet access: www.epa.gov/
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THE CLEAN AIR ACT The Clean Air Act (CAA) regulates air pollution. It includes national emission standards for new stationary sources within particular industrial categories. It also includes national emission standards, which are designed to control the emissions of particular hazardous air pollutants (HAPs). Textile facilities generate some HAPs such as volatile organic compounds in organic solvents. The CAA also seeks to prevent the accidental release of certain hazardous chemicals and to minimize the consequences of such releases.
CAA Resources: 40 CFR Parts 50 to 99 s Control Technology Center, Office of Air Quality, Planning and Standards, EPA, general information: 919 541-0800, publications: 919 541-2777 s Internet access: www.epa.gov/ttn/catc
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COMPREHENSIVE ENVIRONMENTAL RESPONSE, COMPENSATION, AND LIABILITY ACT (CERCLA OR SUPERFUND) The Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA) of 1980, commonly known as Superfund, authorizes EPA to respond to releases, or threatened releases, of hazardous substances that might endanger public health, welfare, or the environment, that might come from any source. Superfund also grants EPA the authority to force parties responsible for environmental contamination to clean it up or to reimburse response costs incurred by EPA. The most important part of this act applicable to textile manufacturers is the hazardous substance

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Affecting Textile Manufacturing

release reporting requirement. The person in charge at your business must report to the National Response Center (phone: 800 424-8802) any release of a hazardous substance that exceeds a designated reportable quantity for that substance within a 24-hour period. Superfund Resource: s Internet access: www.epa.gov/superfund

CFR GUIDE continued

Part 268Land disposal restrictions. Part 270EPA administered permit programs: the Hazardous Waste Permit Program. Part 271Requirements for authorization of state hazardous waste programs. Part 272Approved state hazardous waste management programs. Part 273Standards for universal waste management. Part 279Standards for the management of used oil.

THE EMERGENCY PLANNING AND COMMUNITY RIGHT-TO-KNOW ACT The Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act (SARA) of 1986 created the Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act (EPCRA). This law was designed to improve community access to information about potential chemical hazards and to facilitate the development of chemical emergency response plans by state and local governments. The EPCRA regulations establish several types of reporting obligations for facilities that store or manage specified chemicals. Certain notification requirements apply to textile facilities that use or store extremely hazardous substances, such as chlorine. Also, many of the chemicals used by textile manufacturers may be considered hazardous chemicals as defined by the Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSHA). Contact your local OSHA office if you have questions about whether the chemicals used in your textile manufacturing business are considered hazardous under OSHA. Textile facilities generating xylene, methanol, tetrachloroethylene, and trichloroethylene must comply with the Toxic Chemical Release Inventory requirements as well.
EPCRA Resources: s 40 CFR Parts 350 to 372 s The State Emergency Response Commission (contact available from RCRA Call Center) s Internet access: www.epa.gov/opptintr/tri/index.htm and www.epa.gov/swercepp/

SAFE DRINKING WATER ACT The Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA) mandates that EPA establish regulations to protect human health from contaminants present in drinking water. Under the authority of SDWA, EPA developed national drinking water standards and created a joint federal-state system to ensure compliance with these standards. EPA also regulates underground injection of liquid wastes under the SDWA to protect underground sources of drinking water.
SDWA Resources: s 40 CFR Parts 141 to 148 s SDWA Hotline: 800 426-4791 s Internet access: www.epa.gov/ogwdw

FOR MORE INFORMATION

TOXIC SUBSTANCES CONTROL ACT The Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) allows EPA to collect data on chemicals to evaluate, assess, mitigate, and control risks that might be posed by their manufacture, processing, and use. Textile facilities may be affected by some of the TSCA requirements.
TSCA Resources: 40 CFR Parts 702 to 799 s TSCA Hotline: 202 554-1404 s Internet access: www.epa.gov/internet/oppts/
s

or additional information on any of these laws, contact the RCRA Call Center at 800 424-9346 or 703 412-9810 in the Washington, DC, area. TDD (hearing impaired): 800 553-7672 or 703 4123323 in the Washington, DC, area.

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CONTACTS AND RESOURCES

HOTLINES AND INFORMATION CENTERS RCRA Call Center
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Phone: 800 424-9346 or TDD 800 553-7672 In the Washington, DC, area: 703 412-9810, or TDD 703 412-3323 Home page: <www.epa.gov/epaoswer/hotline> Answers questions on matters related to RCRA solid waste, hazardous waste, and underground storage tanks, EPCRA, and CERCLA.

Contacts
Pollution Prevention Information Clearinghouse (PPIC)
U. S. Environmental Protection Agency Pollution Prevention Clearinghouse (PPIC) 1200 Pennsylvania Avenue, NW. (7407) Washington, DC 20460 Phone: 202 260-1023 Fax: 202 260-4659 E-mail: ppic@epamail.epa.gov

INDUSTRY CONTACTS
American Textile Manufacturers Institute Phone: 202 862-0500 Home page: <www.atmi.org> American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists 1 Davis DriveP .O. Box 12215 Research Triangle Park, NC 27709 Phone: 919 549-8141 Fax: 919 549-8933 <www.aatcc.org> Northern Textile Association Phone: 617 542-8220

U.S. Department of Transportation

Hazardous Materials Information Center Phone: 800 467-4922 Provides information about DOTs hazardous materials regulations.

Small Business Ombudsman Clearinghouse/Hotline

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Small Business Ombudsman (2131) 1200 Pennsylvania Avenue, NW. Washington, DC 20460 Phone: 800 368-5888 Fax: 703 305-6462 Home page: <www.smallbiz-enviroweb.org> Helps private citizens, small businesses, and smaller communities with questions on all program aspects within EPA.

INITIATIVES IMPACTING THE TEXTILE INDUSTRY Encouraging Environmental Excellence (E3)

<www.atmi.org/programs/e3.asp> Created by the American Textile Manufacturers Institute (ATMI) in 1992 to challenge textile companies to strengthen their commitment to the environment, E3 focuses on environmental efforts in the areas of recycling and waste reduction, pollution prevention, and water and energy conservation.

U.S. Government Printing Office

Superintendent of Documents P .O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh, PA 15250-7954 Phone: 202 512-1800 Fax: 202 512-2250 Prints and distributes the Code of Federal Regulations. Title 40, Parts 260 to 299, contains most of the RCRA requirements.

EPA Headquarters Library

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Headquarters Library EPA West Building Constitution Avenue and 14th Street, NW Room 3340 Washington, DC 20460 Phone: 202 566-0556 Fax: 202 566-0562 E-mail: library-HQ@epa.gov Home page: <www.epa.gov/ natlibra/liblists.html> Maintains environmental reference materials for EPA staff and the general public, including books, journals, abstracts, newsletters, and audiovisual materials generated by government agencies and the private sector. Also provides access to online computer service bulletin boards and CD-ROM systems. Public hours: 10 a.m. to 5 p.m. (EST) Mon.-Fri.

National Response Center (NRC)

Phone: 800 424-8802 In the event of a fire, explosion, or other release of hazardous waste that could threaten human health outside the facility, call the NRC to report the emergency. The NRC will evaluate the situation and help you make appropriate emergency decisions.

Design for the Environment (DfE)

<www.epa.gov/dfe/projects/garment/index.htm> One of EPAs premier partnership programs, DfE works with individual industries to address the environmental risks and costs of existing and alternative products, processes, and practices. DfEs Garment and Textile Care Partnership is committed to promoting environmentally benign technologies for garment and textile care through a systems approach to the development, manufacture, distribution, and care of garments and textile products.

ADDITIONAL INTERNET ADDRESSES

EPA Home Page <www.epa.gov> EPA RCRA Hazardous Waste Resources <www.epa.gov/osw/topics.htm> Code of Federal Regulations <www.epa.gov/docs/epacfr40/> Envirosense <www.epa.gov/envirosense/index.html> (contains technical, policy, and general information on pollution prevention topics) EPA Library Resources <www.epa.gov/natlibra/liblists.html>

Ecolabeling
<www.epa.gov/epaoswer/non-hw/reduce /wstewise/pubs/wwupda15.pdf> There is no official process for designating a product as environmentally preferable. A number of third-party organizations, however, benchmark various products for their environmental attributes and certify a product as preferable compared to similar products.

United States Environmental Protection Agency Solid Waste and Emergency Response (5305W) Washington, DC 20460

Official Business Penalty for Private Use $300

EPA530-K-02-028 September 2002 www.epa.gov/osw

2 Printed on paper containing at least 30 percent postconsumer recovered fiber.