Muscles of the Arm Of the four major muscles, three flexors which are biceps brachii, brachialis, and

coracobrachialis are in the anterior (flexor) compartment, supplied by musculocutaneous nerve, and one extensor which is triceps brachii is in the posterior compartment, supplied by the radial nerve. Muscle Biceps brachii Proximal attachment Short head: tip of coracoids process of scapula Long head: supraglenoid tubercle of scapula Distal half of anterior surface of humerus Distal Innervation attachment Tuberosity of Musculocutaneous radius and nerve (C5, C6) fascia of forearm via bicipital aponeurosis Main action Suppinates forearm and when it is supine, flexes forearm: short head resists dislocation of shoulder Flexes forearm in all positions

Brachialis

Choracobrachialis Tip coracoids process scapula Triceps brachii

Coronoid process and tuberosity of ulna of Middle third of medial surface of of humerus

Long head: infraglenoid tubercle of scapula Lateral head: posterior surface of humerus, superior to radial groove Medial head: posterior surface of humerus, inferior to radial groove Lateral epicondyle humerus

Helps flex and adduct arm, resist dislocation of shoulder. Proximal end Radial nerve (C6, Chief extensor of olecranon of C7, C8) of forearm; ulna and fascia long head of forearm resists dislocation of humerus, especially important duting abduction

Anconeus

Lateral surface Radial nerve (C7, Assists triceps of of olecranon C8, T1) in extending and superior forearm, part of stabilizing

posterior surface of ulna

elbow joint, may abduct ulna during pronation

Muscle of the Thigh The thigh muscles are organized into three compartments by intermuscular septa. The compartments are anterior (extensor), medial (adductor), and posterior (flexor). Muscle Proximal Attachment Distal attachment Innervation Main Action

Quadriceps femoris Rectus Anterior inferior femoris iliac spine and ilium superior to acetabulum Vastus lateralis Greater trochanter and lateral lip of linea aspera of femur Vastus medialis Intertrochanter line and medial lip of linea aspera of femur Vastus Anterior and intermedius lateral surface of shaft of femur Muscle Adductor longus Proximal attachment Body of pubic inferior to pubic crest Body and inferior ramus of pubis Adductor part: Inferior ramus of pubis, ramus of ischium Harmstring part: ischial tuberosity

Via common Femoral nerve tendinous and (L2, L3, L4) independent attachments to base of patella, indirectly via patellar ligament to tibial tuberosity, medial and lateral vasti also attach to tibia and patella via aponeuroses

Extend leg at knee joint, rectus femoris also steadiness hip joint and helps ilipsoas flex thigh.

Adductor brevis

Adductor magnus

Gracilis

Body and inferior ramus of

Distal attachment Pectineal line and proximal part of linea aspera of femur Pectineal line and proximal part of linea aspera of femur Adductor part: gluteal tuberosity, linea aspera, medial supracondylar line Harmstring part: adductor tubercle of femur Superior part of medial surface

Innervation Obturator nerve, branch of anterior division (L2, L3, L4) Obturator nerve (L2, L3, L4), branch of anterior division Adductor part: obturator nerve (L2, L3, L4), branches of posterior division Harmstrings part: tibial part of sciatic nerve (L4) Obturator nerve

Main Action Adducts thigh

Adduct thigh, to some extent flexes it Adducts thigh Adductor part: flexes thigh Harmstrings part: extends thigh

Adducts thigh, flexes leg, helps

Obturator externus

Obturator externus

pubis Margins obturator foramen obturator membrane Margins obturator foramen obturator membrane Proximal attachment Ischial tuberosity

of tibia of Trochanteric fossa of femur and of Trochanteric fossa of femur and

rotate it medially Obturator nerve Adducts thigh, (L2, L3) flexes leg, helps rotate it medially Obturator nerve Laterally rotates (L3, L4) thigh, steadieshead of femur in acetabulum Innervations Tibial division of sciatic nerve part of tibia (L5, S1, S2) Main action Extend thigh, flex leg, and rotate it medially, when knee is flexed, when thigh and leg flexed, these muscles can extend trunk Flexes leg and rotates it laterally when knee is flexed, extends thigh

Muscle

Distal attachment Semitendinosus Medial surface of superior part of tibia Semimembranous Posterior part of medial condyle, reflected attachment forms oblique popliteal ligament Biceps femoris Long head: Lateral sid of ischial head of fibula; tuberosity tendon is split at Short head: this site by linea aspera and fibular collateral lateral ligament of supracondylar knee line of femur

Long head: tibial division of sciatic nerve (L5, S1, S2) Short head: common fibular division of sciatic nerve (L5, S1, S2)