RF REMOTE ELECTRIC SWITCH BOARD

Presented By: Nallawala Zaineb. Kaydawala Alefiya.

Reference: Sanjay Vaishnav C.B.Pagi

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CERTIFICATE
The is to certify that miss zaineb Nallawala studing in semester 7TH semester has Completed her project report on the topicRF REMOTE ELECTRIC SWITCH BOARD successfully.

Staff in charge

Head of the Department

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Date :

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
A man had make a progress in a communication so i think to prepare a seminar on such a topic. This topic is based on advanced technology. Its very true that behind every success of any student there is always a teacher. Firstly I would like to thanks H.O.D prof Sanjay Vaishnav. I also very thanks to my staff members who have helped me. I would like to thanks my friend Who keep my spirits high listen to me patiently and always give their support. I am also thankful to my parents for their inspiration and encouragement without which my struggle would become more difficult.

Nallawala Zaineb

INDEX
1. INTRODUCTION 2. BLOCK DIAGRAM 3. BLOCK DIAGRAM DESCRIPTION 4. CIRCUIT DIAGRAM 5. CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION 6. HARDWARE DESIGN 7. HARDWARE DESCRIPTION 8. LIST OF COMPONENT 9. TESTING AND RESULTS 10.FURTURE EXPANSION 11.ADVANTAGES,DISADVANTAGES APPLICATION 12.BIBILOGRAPHY

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INTRODUCTION
Project name is RF Remote Electric Switch Board which can control an electronics appliances as well as electric appliances through a remote. RF remote can be operated in100m range. In this circuit we are operating 4-channel device. By using microcontroller 89s52 can display RF range on a LCD as well as any operating electric appliances. Here we are using RF transmission and RF receiver to controlling electric appliances. In todays world, there is a continuous need for controlling appliances with the increase in standard of living; there is a sense of urgency for developing circuits that would ease the complexity of life. Therefore we had thought to design a RF 4-channel operating device which is controlling four appliances through a remote by a user requirement. When user is pressing any switch from remote data would be encoded an RF transmitter will transmit a data to the RF receiver, it receive data an pass a decoded data to the microcontroller AT89s52 through it display on a LCD.

BLOCK DIAGRAM AND ITS DESCRIPTION

Block Diagram of RF Transmitter

RF SIGNAL

RF TX SENSOR

CONTROL KEYPADE

RF ENCODER IC HT640

Block Diagram of RF Receiver

SIGNAL FROM RF REMOTR RF REC SENSOR

POWER SUPPLY

MICROCONTROLL ER 89S52

RF DECODE IC HT648 DRIVER CKT

R2 R1 R3

R4

R1 TO R4 IS DIFFERENT RELAY THROUGH THAT U CAN OPERATE

Block Diagram Description

Block Diagram of RF Transmitter is shown in fig1 consist of following essential blocks. RF TX Sensor. RF Encoder HT-640 Control Keypad

RF TX Sensor:- Here we use STT-433 is ideal for remote

control applications where low cost and longer range is required. The transmitter operates from a 1.5-12V supply, making it ideal for battery-powered appliances. Range of transmitter is 100 meters. RF TX sensor will transmit the encoded data.

RF Encoder HT-640:-The 3 encoders are a series of CMOS LSI

for remote control system applications. They are capable of encoding 18 bits of information which consists of N address bits and 18_N data bits. Each address/data input is externally trinary programmable if bonded output.

Control Keypad:-Here we had used a four switch to send a data to

encoder. This control switch is controlling a electrical appliances as per user

requirement. The data would be in a analog signal converted into digital through a decoder and send it to RF sensor.

Block Diagram of RF Receiver is shown in fig2 consist of following essential blocks.

Power Supply Microcontroller At89s52 RF Receiver Sensor RF decoder HT-648 Driver Circuit

Power Supply:- Here we used +12V and +5V dc power supply. The main
function of this block is to provide the required amount of voltage to essential circuits. +12 voltage is given. +12V is given to relay driver. To get the +5V dc power supply we have used here IC 7805, which provides the +5V dc regulated power supply.

Microcontroller AT89s52:-It is a low-power, high performance CMOS

8-bit microcontroller with 8KB of Flash Programmable and Erasable Read Only Memory (PEROM). The device is manufactured using Atmels highdensity nonvolatile memory technology and is compatible with the MCS51TM instruction set and pin out. The on-chip Flash allows the program memory to be reprogrammed in-system or by a conventional nonvolatile memory programmer. By combining a versatile 8-bit CPU with Flash on a monolithic hip, the Atmel AT89S52 is a powerful. Microcontroller,which provides a highly flexible and cost effective solution so many embedded control applications.

RF Receiver Sensor:- The STR-433 is ideal for short-range remote

control application where cost is primary concern. The receiver module require no external RF components except for the antenna. It generate virtually no emission making FCC and ETSI approval easy. The superregenrative design exhibits exceptional sensitivity at very low cost.

RF Decoder HT-648:-The 318 decoder are series of CMOS LSI for

remote control system applications. They are paired with the 318 series of encoders. For proper operation a pair of encoder/decoder pair with the same number of address and data format should be selected. The 318 series of decoder receiver serial address and data from that series of encoder that are transmitted by a carrier using an RF. Driver Circuit:-This block has the potential to drive the various controlled devices. In this block mainly we are using the transistor and the relays. One relay driver circuit we are using to control the light. Output signal from AT89S52 is given to the base of the transistor, which we are further energizing the particular relay. Because of this appropriate device is selected and it do its allotted function.

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CIRUIT DIAGRAM AND ITS DESCRIPTION

Transmitter circuit

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Receiver circuit

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(Continue)

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Circuit Description
RF electric switch board is nothing but a switching system. RF electric switch board consist of transmitter and receiver circuit.

Transmitter Circuit:when we connect the circuit with 12v battery the LED glow in a circuit as it shows a circuit is working. A 7805 transistor is used to convert 5V power supply .100uf is connected with 7805 to filter output voltage. Now here HT640 encoder is used to transmit an RF data. We had connected 4- electric switch to an encoder at data pin. When we press any switch the encoder will take as an serial input. Dout pin of encoder is connected with 3-pin header. Encoder is sending a data to 3-pin header through a Dout pin. 3-pin header is nothing but an RF transmitter which consist of VCC, ground and Dout pin. Now RF transmitter will transmit a data to RF receiver at the same address.

Receiver Circuit:When we connect A.C. power supply to a transformer which transform an A.C. current to a circuit. Now rectifier used to convert A.C. to dc power supply. Through a step-down transformer we get 12v power supply. Here a 7805 transistor is used to convert 5V power supply. 100uf is connected with 7805 to filter output voltage.5V power supply is needed for a AT89s52 microcontroller. LED will glow if an RF transmitter and RF receiver will be in a RF range.
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Now RF receiver will receive a data transmitted from an RF transmitter. 3-pin header of RF receiver will receive a data at Din pin. Now Din pin will work as an serial input pin for an Ht648l decoder. Now decoder will decode a data from a same address as it encoded. A decoder will pass a data to a microcontroller AT89s52 at port p1. Now microcontroller will recognize that switch is press once or a twice. IF a switch is press once then it would display on LCD as ON or if it is press twice it would display on LCD as OFF. Microcontroller will find which pin of port p1 is high after word port p3 is used for output pin which transfer a data to ULN2003 to drive a relay ON to glow a LED and microcontroller will display on LCD at the same time. ULN2003 is a driver circuit which drives a relay to operate a 4-relay through it. Through a relay we can operate a fan, tubelight, bulb and other electric appliances which are connected to it. Variable resistor is connected to LCD to change a brightness of LCD.

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HARDWARE DESIGN AND ITS DESCRIPTION

Transmitter Circuit

Receiver Circuit
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Hardware Description
Procedure Followed While Designing:
In the beginning I designed the circuit in DIPTRACE software. Dip trace is a circuit designing software. After completion of the designing circuit I prepared the layout. Then I programmed the microcontroller using KEIL software using hex file. Then soldering process was done. After completion of the soldering process I tested the circuit. Still the desired output was not obtained and so troubleshooting was done. In the process of troubleshooting I found the circuit aptly soldered and connected and hence came to conclusion that there was error in programming section which was later rectified and the desired results were obtained.

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LIST OF COMPONENTS
Following is the list of components that are necessary to build the assembly of the Digital Speedometer Cum Odometer: Microcontroller AT89S52 Power supply Wheastern bridge IC 7805 LED RF SENSOR RF Decoder RF Encoder Transformer 12-0-12, 500 mA Preset 10K Disc capacitor 1000uF,100uF,33pF,1mF Reset button switch 3-PIN HEADER UNL2003 Relay Transistor LCD(16X2) Resistor Crystal Oscillator

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Description of Components
1. Microcontroller AT89S52:
The AT89S52 is a low-power, high-performance CMOS 8-bit microcontroller with 8K bytes of in-system programmable Flash memory. The device is manufactured using Atmels high-density nonvolatile memory technology and is compatible with the Industry-standard 80C51 instruction set and pin out. The on-chip Flash allows the program memory to be reprogrammed in-system or by a conventional nonvolatile memory programmar. By combining a versatile 8-bit CPU with in-system programmable Flash on a monolithic chip, the Atmel AT89S52 is a powerful microcontroller which provides a highly-flexible and cost-effective solution to many embedded control applications. The AT89S52 provides the following standard features: 8K bytes of Flash, 256 bytes of RAM, 32 I/O lines, Watchdog timer, two data pointers, three 16-bit timer/counters, a six-vector two-level interrupt architecture, a full duplex serial port, on-chip oscillator, and clock circuitry. In addition, the AT89S52 is designed with static logic for operation down to zero frequency and supports two software selectable power saving modes. The Idle Mode stops the CPU while allowing the RAM, timer/counters, serial port, and interrupt system to continue functioning. The Power-down mode saves the RAM con- tents but freezes the oscillator, disabling all other chip functions until the next interrupt or hardware reset.

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Pin Description
VCC
Supply voltage.

GND
Ground.

Port 0
Port 0 is an 8-bit open drain bidirectional I/O port. As an output port, each pin can sink eight TTL inputs. When 1s are written to port 0 pins, the pins can be used as high impedance inputs. Port 0 can also be configured to be the multiplexed low order address/data bus during accesses to external program and data memory. In this mode, P0 has internal pull ups. Port 0 also receives the code bytes during Flash programming and outputs the code bytes during program verification.External pullups are required during program verification.

Port 1
Port 1 is an 8-bit bidirectional I/O port with internal pullups. The Port 1 output buffers can sink/source four TTL inputs. When 1s are written to Port 1 pins, they are pulled high by the internal pullups and can be used as inputs. As inputs, Port 1 pins that are externally being pulled low will source current (IIL) because of the internal pull ups. In addition, P1.0 and P1.1 can be configured to be the timer/counter 2 external count input (P1.0/T2) and the timer/counter 2 trigger input (P1.1/T2EX), respectively, as shown in the following table. Port 1 also receives the low-order address bytes during Flash programming and verification.

Port 2
Port 2 is an 8-bit bidirectional I/O port with internal pull ups.

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The Port 2 output buffers can sink/source four TTL inputs. When 1s are written to Port 2 pins, they are pulled high by the internal pull ups and can be used as inputs. As inputs, Port 2 pins that are externally being pulled low will source current (IIL) because of the internal pull ups. Port 2 emits the high-order address byte during fetches from external program memory and during accesses to external data memory that use 16bit addresses (MOVX @ DPTR). In this application, Port 2 uses strong internal pull ups when emitting 1s. During accesses to external data memory that use 8-bit addresses (MOVX @ RI), Port 2 emits the contents of the P2 Special Function Register. Port 2 also receives the high-order address bits and some control signals during Flash programming and verification.

Port 3
Port 3 is an 8-bit bidirectional I/O port with internal pull ups. The Port 3 output buffers can sink/source four TTL inputs. When 1s are written to Port 3 pins, they are pulled high by the internal pull ups and can be used as inputs. As inputs, Port 3 pins that are externally being pulled low will source current (IIL) because of the pull ups. Port 3 also serves the functions of various special features of the AT89S52, as shown in the following table. Port 3 also receives some control signals for Flash programming and verification.

RST
Reset input. A high on this pin for two machine cycles while the oscillator is running resets the device. This pin drives High for 96 oscillator periods after the Watchdog times out. The DISRTO bit in SFR AUXR (address 8EH) can be used to disable this feature. In the default state of bit DISRTO, the RESET HIGH out feature is enabled.

ALE/PROG
Address Latch Enable (ALE) is an output pulse for latching the low byte of the address during accesses to external memory. This pin is also the program pulse input (PROG) during Flash programming. In normal operation, ALE is emitted at a constant rate of 1/6 the oscillator frequency and may be used for external

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timing or clocking purposes. Note, however, that one ALE pulse is skipped during each access to external data memory.

FEATURES:8 KB Reprogrammable flash. 32 Programmable I/O lines. 16 bit Timer/Counter3. 8 Interrupt sources. Power range: 4V 5.5V Endurance: 1000 Writes / Erase cycles Fully static operation: 0 Hz to 33 MHz Three level program memory lock Power off flag Full duplex UART serial channel Low power idle and power down modes Interrupt recovery from power down modes 256 KB internal RAM Dual data pointer

2. Power Supply:
Here we used +12V and +5V dc power supply. The main function of this block is to provide the required amount of voltage to essential circuits. +12 voltage is given. +12V is given to relay driver. To get the +5V dc power supply we have used here IC 7805, which provides the +5V dc regulated power supply.

3. Wheatstone Bridge:
The circuit we now know as the Wheatstone Bridge was actually first described by Samuel Hunter Christie (1784-1865) in 1833. However,
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Sir Charles Wheatstone invented many uses for this circuit once he found the description in 1843. As a result, this circuit is known generally as the Wheatstone Bridge.

One very common application in industry today is to monitor sensor devices such as strain gauges. A second application is used by electrical power distributors to accurately locate breaks in a power line. The method is fast and accurate, and does not require a large number of field technicians. Other applications abound in electronic circuits.

4. LM7805(Voltage Regulator):

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Fig. 4.7 Voltage Regulator The KA78XX/KA78XXA series of three-terminal positive regulator are available in the TO-220/D-PAK package and with several fixed output voltages, making them useful in a wide range of applications. Each type employs internal current limiting, thermal shut down and safe operating area protection, making it essentially indestructible. If adequate heat sinking is provided, they can deliver over 1A output current. Although designed primarily as fixed voltage regulators, these devices can be used with external components to obtain adjustable voltages and currents.

Features:
Output Current up to 1A Output Voltages of 5, 6, 8, 9, 10, 12, 15, 18, 24V Thermal Overload Protection Short Circuit Protection Output Transistor Safe Operating Area Protection

5. LED:
A light-emitting diode (LED) is a semiconductor light source. LEDs are used as indicator lamps in many devices, and are increasingly used for lighting. Introduced as a practical electronic component in 1962, early LEDs emitted low-intensity red light, but modern versions are available across the visible, ultraviolet and infrared wavelengths, with very high brightness.

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Characteristics of LEDs
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Forward Voltage (VF) drop across LED Diodes are current driven! Wavelength variations Crystal and junction growth defects Brightness variations Crystal defects resulting formation of phonons and non-radiation energy transfer Temperature Junction temperature of the device affects each of the parameters above

Applications:
Old days Signal Indicators Numeric and Alpha-numeric displays Nowadays Automotive Backlights Flashlights for portable devices General illumination Projector Light Sources Signage Torch Lights Traffic Lights

6. RF SENSOR:
433MHzRF Transmitter (STT433): The STT-433 is ideal for remote control applications where low cost and longer range is required. The transmitter operates from a 1.5-12V supply, making it ideal for batterypowered applications. The transmitter employs a SAW-stabilized oscillator, ensuring accurate frequency control for best range performance. Output power and harmonic emissions are easy to control, making FCC and ETSI compliance easy. The manufacturing-friendly SIP style package and lowcost make the STT-433 suitable for high volume applications. The oscillator

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start-up time is on the order of 40uSec, which limits the maximum data rate to 4.8 kbit/sec.

Specification:

Features:
433.92 MHz Frequency Low Cost 1.5-12V operation 11mA current consumption at 3V Small size

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Pin Description
Pin Name
ANT

Description
50 ohm antenna output. The antenna port impedance affects output power and harmonic emissions. An L-C low-pass filter may be needed to sufficiently filter harmonic emissions. Antenna can be single core wire of approximately 17cm length or PCB trace antenna. Operating voltage for the transmitter. VCC should be bypassed with a .01uF ceramic capacitor and filtered with a 4.7uF tantalum capacitor. Noise on the power supply will degrade transmitter noise performance. Digital data input. This input is CMOS compatible and should be driven with CMOS level inputs. Transmitter ground. Connect to ground plane.

VCC

DATA

GND

Application:
Remote Keyless Entry (RKE) Remote Lighting Controls On-Site Paging Asset Tracking Wireless Alarm and Security Systems Long Range RFID Automated Resource Management

433MHZ RF Receiver (STR433): The STR-433 is ideal for shortrange remote control applications where cost is a primary concern. The receiver module requires no external RF components except for the antenna.

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It generates virtually no emissions, making FCC and ETSI approvals easy. The super-regenerative design exhibits exceptional sensitivity at a very low cost. The manufacturing-friendly SIP style package and low-cost make the STR-433 suitable for high volume applications. Data is sent as a constant rate square-wave. The duty cycle of that square wave will generally be either 33% (a zero) or 66% (a one).The data slicer on the STR-433 is optimized for use with PWM encoded data, though it will work with NRZ data if certain encoding rules are followed.

Specification

Pin Outs:
Pin Name
ANT GND

Description
Antenna input. Receiver Ground. Connect to ground plane. 32

VCC(5V)

VCC pins are electrically connected and provide operating voltage for the receiver. VCC can be applied to either or both. VCC should be bypassed with a .1F ceramic capacitor. Noise on the power supply will degrade receiver sensitivity. Digital data output. This output is capable of driving one TTL or CMOS load. It is a CMOS compatible output.

DATA

Features:
Low Cost 5V operation 3.5mA current drain No External Parts are required Receiver Frequency: 433.92 MHZ Typical sensitivity: -105dBm IF Frequency: 1MHz

Application:
Car security system Sensor reporting Automation system Remote Keyless Entry (RKE) Remote Lighting Controls On-Site Paging Asset Tracking Wireless Alarm and Security Systems Long Range RFID

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Automated Resource Management

RF ENCODER:
The 318encoders are a series of CMOS LSIs for remote control system applications. They are capable of encoding 18 bits of information which consists of N address bits and 18_N data bits. Each address/data input is externally trinary programmable if bonded out. It is otherwise set floating internally. Various packages of the 318encoders offer flexible combinations of programmable address/data to meet various application needs. The programmable address/data is transmitted together with the header bits via an RF or an infrared transmission medium upon receipt of a trigger signal. The capability to select a TE trigger type or a DATA trigger type further enhances the application flexibility of the 318series of encoders.

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Features:
Operating voltage: 2.4V~12V Low power and high noise immunity CMOS technology Low standby current Three words transmission Built-in oscillator needs only 5% resistor Easy interface with an RF or infrared transmission media Minimal external component

Applications:
Burglar alarm system Smoke and fire alarm system Garage door controllers Car door controllers Car alarm system Security system Cordless telephones Other remote control systems

RF DECODER:
The 318 decoders are a series of CMOS LSI for remote control system applications. They are paired with the 318 series of encoders. For proper operation a pair of encoder/decoder pair with the same number of address and data format should be selected (refer to the encoder/decoder cross reference tables). The 318 series of decoders receives serial address and data from that series of encoders that are transmitted by a carrier using an RF or an IR

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transmission medium. It then compares the serial input data twice continuously with its local address. If no errors or unmatched codes are encountered, the input data codes are decoded and then transferred to the output pins. The VT pin also goes high to indicate a valid transmission. The 318 decoders are capable of decoding 18 bits of information that consists of N bits of address and 18N bits of data. To meet various applications they are arranged to provide a number of data pins whose range is from 0 to 8 and an address pin whose range is from 8 to 18. In addition, the 318 decoders provide various combinations of address/data number in different packages.

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Features:
Operating voltage: 2.4V~12V Low power and high noise immunity CMOS technology Low standby current Capable of decoding 18 bits of information Pairs with HOLTEKs 318 series of encoders 8~18 address pins 0~8 data pins Trinary address setting Two times of receiving check Built-in oscillator needs only a 5% resistor Valid transmission indictor Easily interface with an RF or an infrared transmission medium Minimal external components

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Applications:
Burglar alarm system Smoke and fire alarm system Garage door controllers Car door controllers Car alarm system Security system Cordless telephones Other remote control systems

RELAY CIRCUIT:

Fig. 4.8 Relay

A single pole dabble throw (SPDT) relay is connected to port RB1 of the microcontroller through a driver transistor. The relay requires 12 volts at a current of around 100ma, which cannot provide by the microcontroller. So the driver transistor is added. The relay is used to operate the external solenoid forming part of a locking device or for operating any other electrical devices. Normally the relay remains off. As soon as pin of the microcontroller goes high, the relay operates. When the relay operates and releases. Diode D2 is the standard diode on a mechanical relay to prevent

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back EMF from damaging Q3 when the relay releases. LED L2 indicates relay on.

ULN2003:
The ULN2001A, ULN2002A, ULN2003 and ULN2004Aare high voltage, high current darling ton arrays each containing seven open collector darling ton pairs with common emitters. Each channel rated at 500mAand can withstand peak currents of 600mA.Suppressiondiodesare included for inductive load driving and the inputs are pinned opposite the outputs to simplify board layout. These versatile devices are useful for driving a wide range of loads including solenoids, relays DC motors, LED displays filament lamps, thermal print heads and high power buffers. The ULN2001A/2002A/2003Aand 2004Aare supplied in 16 pin plastic DIP packages with a copper lead frame to reduce thermal resistance. They are available also in small outline package (SO-16) as ULN2001D/2002D/2003D/2004D. The four versions interface to all common logic families:

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ULN2001A General Purpose, DTL, TTL, PMOS, CMOS ULN2002A 14-25V PMOS ULN2003A 5V TTL, CMOS ULN2004A 615V CMOS, PMOS

SEVENDARLINGTONS PER PACKAGE OUTPUT CURRENT 500mA PER DRIVER (600mA PEAK) OUTPUT VOLTAGE 50V INTEGRATED SUPPRESSION DIODES FOR INDUCTIVE LOADS OUTPUTS CAN BE PARALLELED FOR HIGHER CURRENT TTL/CMOS/PMOS/DTLCOMPATIBLE INPUTS INPUTS PINNED OPPOSITE OUTPUTS TO SIMPLIFY LAYOUT

Transformer:Device that transfers electric energy from one alternating-current circuit to one or more other circuits, either increasing (stepping up) or reducing (stepping down) the voltage. Uses for transformers include reducing the line voltage to operate low-voltage devices (doorbells or toy electric trains) and raising the voltage from electric generators so that electric power can be transmitted over
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long distances. Transformers act through electromagnetic induction; current in the primary coil induces current in the secondary coil. The secondary voltage is calculated by multiplying the primary voltage by the ratio of the number of turns in the secondary coil to that in the primary.

LCD(16x2):
Short for liquid-crystal display. A low-power, flat-panel display used in many digital devices to display numbers or images. It is made of a liquid containing crystals that are affected by electric current, sandwiched between filtering layers of glass or plastic. LCDs do not produce light of their own; instead, when electric current is passed through the material, the molecules of the "liquid crystal" twist so that they either reflect or transmit light from an external source.

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FEATURES:
5 x 8 dots includes cursor Built - in controller (KS 0066 or Equivalent) + 5V power supply 1/16 duty cycle LED can be driven by pin 1, pin 2 or A and K N.V. optional for + 3V power supply

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Resistor:
A resistor is a two-terminal electronic component that produces a voltage across its terminals that is proportional to the electric current through it in accordance with Ohm's law: V = IR Resistors are elements of electrical networks and electronic circuits and are ubiquitous in most electronic equipment. Practical resistors can be made of various compounds and films, as well as resistance wire (wire made of a high-resistivity alloy, such as nickel-chrome). The primary characteristics of a resistor are the resistance, the tolerance, the maximum working voltage and the power rating. Other characteristics include temperature coefficient, noise, and inductance. Less well-known is critical resistance, the value below which power dissipation limits the maximum permitted current, and above which the limit is applied voltage. Critical resistance is determined by the design, materials and dimensions of the resistor. Resistors can be integrated into hybrid and printed circuits, as well as integrated circuits. Size, and position of leads (or terminals), are relevant to equipment designers; resistors must be physically large enough not to overheat when dissipating their power.

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Specification:

Features:
Selected superior quality material Automated mass scale production Superior electrical performance Heat and wet proof epoxy coating Colour band marking for easy identification

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TESTING AND RESULT

We started our project by making power supply. That is easy for me but when we turn toward the main circuit, there are many problems and issues related to it, which we faced, like component selection, which components is better than other and its feature and cost wise a We started our project by making power supply. That is easy for me but when I turn toward the main circuit, there are many problems and issues related to it, which are I faced, like component selection, which components is better than other and its feature and cost wise also, then refer the data books and other materials related to its. I had issues with better or correct result, which I desired and also the software problem. I also had some soldering issues which were resolved using continuity checks performed on the hardware. We had issues with better or correct result, which we desired and also the software problem. We also had some soldering issues which were resolved using continuity checks performed on the hardware. We started testing the circuit from the power supply. There we got over first trouble. After getting 9V from the transformer it was not converted to 5V and the circuit received 9V. As the solder was shorted IC 7805 got burnt. So we replaced the IC7805.also the circuit part around the IC7805 were completely damaged with the help of the solder we made the necessary paths.

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FUTURE EXPANSION
By using this circuit and proper power supply we can implement various

appliances as bulb, tube lights, fan etc. By modifying this circuit we can operate 8-channel device. If we fixed one address code so we can use as RFID.

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ADVANTAGES, DISADVANTAGES & APPLICATION

Advantages:
Low cost. Effort less Work as a Remote

Disadvantages:
It cannot be used outward of RF range.

Application:
A Device can be operate from any where in a RF range.

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BIBILOGRAPHY
Reference Books:
Programming in ANSI C: E BALAGURUSAMY The 8051microcontroller and embedded systems: MUHAMMAD ALI MAZIDI JANICE GILLISPIE MAZIDI The 8051 microcontroller: KENNETH J. AYALA Website: www.8051projects.info www.datasheets4u.com www.8051.com

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