PLAXIS IN GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING

PLAXIS IN GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING

REVIEW ON THE CURRENT DEVELOPMENT AND APPLICATION OF PLAXIS IN VIETNAM

Prof Nguyen Cong Man Water Resources University

Hanoi 24 April 2012

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PLAXIS IN GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING Content 1. Generality on the short courses of Plaxis BV in Vietnam . 2. Short courses on Plaxis programs organised by Water Resources University and application in education and practice. 3. Overview of current finite element programs of Plaxis 4. Advance methodology of approaching geotechnical problems. Role of Finite element softwares 5. Conclusions

PLAXIS IN GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING 1. Generality on the short courses of Plaxis BV in Vietnam HWRU is a first one to do connection with Plaxis BV (1997-98), to invite experts from Netherlands to give course in VN. Three courses have been organized at WRU. Each Plaxis course organized, markes again a new progress of Plaxis softwares 1rst - Five days course (2001): Geotechnical Modelling - Plaxis Short Course - Fundamentals, Theory and Application of Software; Lecturers: BHP The, E. Biglsma and Bonnier from Family Plaxis BV. At that time the Plaxis 2D was updated from V 6 to V 7 Participants: 34 from different Universities and organizations
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PLAXIS IN GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING

We do not intend to use our course as a marketing tool for selling the Plaxis program. We feel our course serve a much wider goal. Our primary interest is to learn people the necessary backgrounds needed for successful application of the FE method in practical geotechnical engineering. Our lectures are not plain theoretical, we like to pay close attention to the aspects necessary to link theory to practice. The theoretical and practical contents of lectures is put into practice during examples for which, of course, we use the Plaxis program. (July 11, 1997 from Mr. 5 P.J.W. Brand).

PLAXIS IN GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING

PLAXIS IN GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING

Posted on Plaxis Bulletin N0 12 June 2002

PLAXIS IN GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING 1. Generality on the short courses of Plaxis BV in Vietnam 2nd - Five days course (2007): The Introductory Short Course on Application of Plaxis Software in Road and Hydraulic Engineering Lecturers: Krystian W. Pilarczyk, BHP The, P. Bonnier, Jaap Deutekom. At that time the Plaxis 2D updated to V 8 and 3D Foundation, 3D Tunnel developped. Participants: about 40 from different Universities and organizations Each participant/group using USB key for practice
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PLAXIS IN GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING 1. Generality on the short courses of Plaxis BV in Vietnam

PLAXIS IN GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING 1. Generality on the short courses of Plaxis BV in Vietnam

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PLAXIS IN GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING 1. Generality on the short courses of Plaxis BV in Vietnam 3rd One day seminar (2006) Seminar on Plaxis Finite Element code for soil and rock analysis is organised at WRU Lecturer. Dr William WL Cheang, principal geotechnical consultant (with Eddy Tan) of AsiaPac (2011) Singapore Participants. About 40 Content. PLAXIS Strategy in advanced geotechnical analysis 2-Dimensional Finite Element Analysis 3-Dimensional Finite Element Analysis Examples with many interesting illustrations were presented.

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PLAXIS IN GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING 2. Short courses on Plaxis programs organised by Water Resources University and application in education and pratice. HWRU staffs have given number of Plaxis courses for within universities and companies. Plaxis software have been used extensively in education - research and practical works. Three young lecturers of GE Department were sent to the Netherland to learn more on Plaxis (Master Eng using Plaxis) HWRU staffs are step by step to improve lecture notes on Plaxis and start to use 3D foundation version. Plaxis course are inserted in the educational program of the university
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PLAXIS IN GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING Short course 1rst Short course at PECC1 (2002)
CT t vn XD in 1 Power Engin. Consultant Compa N0 1

We gave lecture using Plaxis 7.2 network version 5 licenses, purchased at Plaxis BV ( Mr Peter Brand) (invoice PO 49501).
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PLAXIS IN GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING

Short course at CDC Hanoi (2007)

(Consultant Designer & Construction Corporation )

Plaxis 2D V.8.2, PlaxFlow V.1, 3D Foundation V.1.5, 3D Tunnel V. 2 were introduced 3 teachers from WRU and one from Institute of Building Science and 14 Technology.

PLAXIS IN GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING

Many Plaxis Course for students of WRU from North & South

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PLAXIS IN GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING Application of Plaxis for education and production

- Education & Training
0 0 -5 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08

Many research subjects of student and Master thesis using Plaxis 2D & 3D Found for their work at WRU Pham Hoai Nam

-10

-15

-20

-25

-30

-35

3D
-40

2D
-45 -50

( )

Using Plaxis 3D Found for PhD thesis at Russian Federation Nguyen Viet Tuan

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PLAXIS IN GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING Examples of application of Plaxis for education and production
- Practical work
Quan h chuy n v - cc m c th i gian

Th i gian (thng/ngy/nm)
11/8/08 0 100 12/28/08 2/16/09 4/7/09 5/27/09 7/16/09 9/4/09 10/24/09 12/13/09 11/8/08, 0 12/25/08, 54 2/10/09, 55 6/8/09, 96 6/3/09, 145.5

Settlement of sea dyke during construction on soft soil

200 300 ln (cm) 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 11/5/09, 876 7/11/09 318 9/7/09, 415 10/25/09, 431

Measurement
a, b. Trong : a:Thng/ngy/nm; b: ln (cm)

Analysis using Plaxis

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PLAXIS IN GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING Examples of application of Plaxis for education and production
- Practical work

After repairing using Plaxis to design

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PLAXIS IN GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING 3. Overview of current finite element programs of Plaxis

Goal of development of Plaxis - Protection from River embankment on soft soil of lowlands of Holland Plaxis 2D at the begining; - Extending to cover different topics of geotechnical engineering and soil models: static elastoplastic deformation, advance soil models, stability analysis, consolidation, safety analysis, steady-state groundwater flow ; - Extending add-on modules for seepage and dynamics analysis: - Digitalisation according to finit element code - Advanced Steps of development: from easy-to-use Plaxis 2D finit element code to Plaxis 3D covering all practical problems met in construction. Plaxis 3D 2011 is a full three-dimensional Plaxis program which combines an easyto-use interface with full 3D modelling facilities.
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1987 1989 1990 1991 1993 1995 1998 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2010 2010 2010
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Version 1 Version 2 Version 3 Version 4 Version 5 Version 6 Version 7 Dynamics 3D Tunnel Version 8 PlaxFlow 2D 3D Found. Plaxis 2D Plaxis 3D PlaxFlow 3D

Without Symbol
2011 Dynamics 3D

Development Time-line Plaxis BV Company is officially formed in 1993.

PLAXIS IN GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING 3. Overview of current finite element programs of Plaxis

Note. Until V.6, using floppy disk

PLAXIS IN GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING 3. Overview of current finite element programs of Plaxis

Plaxis V6.1

The last with floppy disk

Edited by R.B.J Brinkgreve with co-operation P.J.W Brand

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PLAXIS IN GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING 3. Overview of current finite element programs of Plaxis 2-D Finite Element Codes - 2D Version 8 2.6 [Newest: Plaxis 2D 2011] - 2D Dynamics module (add-on) - vibration influence of nearby structures, excess pore pressure, liquefaction not included. - 2D PlaxFlow V1.6 (add-on) - Saturated/unsaturated medium, Steady state and Transient flow analysis. 3-D Finite Element Codes - 3D Tunnel V 2.4 - essential for tunnel project. - 3D Foundation V2.1 - excavations, raft foundation, pile raft foundation and offshore foundation. - Plaxis 3D 2011 - Newest and most perfect - Dr Williams lecture 22

PLAXIS IN GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING 3. Overview of current finite element programs of Plaxis Plaxis VIP service program. Special extension for plaxis VIP members benefit from latest releases of their Plaxis software & support from Plaxis technical experts. Only for VIP members

- PLAXIS Introductory Student Pack: DVD + hardcopy version of the Tutorial Manual 2010, covering lessons that containe typical projects modelled with PLAXIS, have been released for students to learn the basics of 2D and 3D modelling in GE. - Plaxis Introductory. Introductory version of PLAXIS 2D, 3D Foundation, 3D Tunnel for interested persons a limited Profession version.

PLAXIS IN GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING 3. Overview of current finite element programs of Plaxis Some examples Plaxis 2D Integrated -PlaxFlow -Dynamics

Plaxis 2D

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PLAXIS IN GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING 3. Overview of current finite element programs of Plaxis Some examples Plaxis 3D Tunnel

Deformed mesh

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PLAXIS IN GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING 3. Overview of current finite element programs of Plaxis Some examples New Austrian Tunneling Method (NATM)

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PLAXIS IN GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING 3. Overview of current finite element programs of Plaxis Some examples Plaxis 3D Foundation

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PLAXIS IN GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING 3. Overview of current finite element programs of Plaxis Some examples

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PLAXIS IN GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING 4. New methodology of approaching geotechnical problems. Role of Finite element software
Development Trends of Earth Sciences to meet the demand of approaching geotechnical problems in Civil Engineering

Geology
Atmosphere Hydrosphere Lithosphere Intersphere Origin of the Earth Its development History Its Structure Geological Processes

Monodisciplinary Trend
Mineralogy - Petrography - Pedology - Morphology - Tectonics - Meteorology Geophysics - Seismology - Hydrology - Geohydrology - Engineering Geology (1929) - Soil Mechanics (1925) - Rock Mechanics (1957) ...

Interdisciplinary Trend
Geotechnics - Geotechnical Engineering - Environmental Geotechnics Geomechanics - Applied Geomechanics - Rock Engineering -Hydrogeomechanics 29 Environmental Geology ...

PLAXIS IN GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING Definition of Geotechnical Engineering

Geotechnics. The application of Scientific methods & engineering principles to the acquisition, interpretation & use of knowledge of materials of the Earth s Crust ( Soil - Rock ) for the solution of engineering problems: the applied science of making the Earth more habitable. It embraces the fields of S.M and R.M, & many of the engineering aspects of Geology, Geophysics, Hydrology and related sciences; (Glossary of Geology - Robert L. Bates & Julia A. Jackson -1987). Geotechnical Engineering is an interdiscipline, applying the basic principles of SM, RM, construction technology of Foundation and Structure..., for solving the problems of design, execution, treatment improvement of all sorts of civil structures, exploitation natural resources, located on, in, interaction with Soil and Rock environments (Nguyen Cong Man, 1997 ) Geotechnical Engineering. is the application of the sciences of Soil Mechanics and Rock Mechanics, Engineering Geology and other related disciplines to Civil engineering construction, the attractive industries and the preservation and enhancement of the environment (Ground Engineering, Nov. 1999 British Geot. Assoc)

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 Skills needed for Geotechnical Engineering Ground Engineering Nov. 1999, British Geotec. Associ.
Rock Mechanics Description Deformation Failure Soil Mechanics Description, Effective Stress, Deformation, Failure Seepage, Earth Pressure

Four modules of knowledge Needed for GE

Site Exploration Reconnaissances Drilling Testing Parameter selection Reporting Mechanical Engineering Instrumentation, Drilling system, Excavation Technics, Support

Structural Mechanics Elasticity Plasticity Failure Mechanisma Applied Mechanics Compatibility Equilibrium Rheological Models Computer Science Compatibility Equilibrium Rheological Models

Foundation Design Bearing capacity Setlement types

Soil/Rock Mass Engineered fills Retaining Structure Slope

Construction Practices Experiences Contract Law Specifications Bill of quantities Public Policy Codes of practice Standards Law

Geotechnical Engineering
Flood Control Landfill Barriers Dam Engineering Irrigation Ground Improvement Mechanical, Chemical, Drainage,Reinforcement

Materials Types Properties

Hydrology Fluid type Fluid Flow

Geochemistry Solid Waste Leachate

Geology Mineralogy Geological Processes Groundwater

Ground Movement Geophysics Vibrations Earthquakes

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PLAXIS IN GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING Skills needed for Geotechnical Engineering Norbert R. Morgenstern, Nov. 2000 GeoEng2000
Geology Composition genesis processes hydrology Hydrology surface fluid flow Structural Mechanics deformation, failure, member design Continuum Mechanics elasticity, plasticity idealisation Numerical Analysis finite elements, finite differences Materials types, properties, geosynthetics Flood Control Systems e.g. dams Underground Geo-structures e.g., tunnels Rock Mechanics deformation, failure, seepage application

Four modules of knowledge needed for GE

Soil Mechanics deformation, failure, seepage application Public Policy Codes, standards, law + compliance Contract Law specifications Risk Management observational method, risk assessment, instrumentation Mechanical Engineering drilling, instruments excavation Construction practice, experience

Structural Support Systems e.g., foundations

Geotechnical Engineering
Surface Geostructures e.g., embankments, landfills Ground Improvement e.g. densification, remediation

Geochemistry waste leachates durability

Site Exploration reconnaissance, drilling, in-situ testing, geophysics

Ground Movements Earthquakes

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PLAXIS IN GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING Concept of SOWAS & interdiscipline approach

Environment & activity of man

Interdiciplinary cooperation

Structure

Systems Response

Water

Soil Rock

J. van der Weide, 1988

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PLAXIS IN GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING Application of Concept of SOWAS System Response

Design according to limit state: 1.Ultimate State 2.Serviceability State Russian Norm ( From 1962) Euro-code.C 7 ( From1997 ) Interdiciplinary cooperation & research development Modern methodogy for design: Capabilities for modelling & solving the interactions and processes Plaxis can meet this requirement
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PLAXIS IN GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING The Burland triangle

Nash Lecture. The teaching of Soil Mechanics A personal view (1987, 1996); Annon. Definition of Geotechnical Engineering 1999 - Morgenstern, N.R, 2000 Exact input is very important Reference EUROCODE 7 - Part 2
Lab/field testing Observation. Measurement II Soil Behaviour II Ground Profile I Site Investigation Ground description

Empiricism, Precedent, Experience

IV Appropriate Model, III Modelling Conceptual, Physical, Numerical analysis 35

PLAXIS IN GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING

Comparision between two Norm systems
Eurocode System (ES)
(1) EN 1990 (2) Eurocode (3) Basis of Structural Design

Russian Feredation system - Hydraulic branch (RS)

(4) (5) C 33-01-2003 M. 2006 Hydraulic Structures - General Regulation NiP 2.06.01-86 M.1987 Hydraulic Structures - General Regulation (compiled in TCXD VN 285:2002) 2.01.07-85* M. 1989 Loads and Actions on Structures 2.06.04-82* M. 1989 Loads and Actions on Hydraulic Structures 2.02.02-85* M. 2004 Design of Hydraulic structure Foundations . 2.02.01-83* M. 1995 Design of Building & Structure Foundations 2.03.01-84* M. 1988 Design of concrete and reinforced Concrete Structures 2.06.05-84* M. 1990 Design of Earth Dams 2.06.09-84 M. 1985 Design of Hydraulic Tunnels 2.06.07-87 M. 1988 Design of Retaining Walls, Lock, Fish Leader Line and Protection II 7 81* M. 1997 Construction in the seism zones 2.02.03-85 M. 1995 3.07.01-85 M. 1985 Design of Pile Foundations Design of Hydraulic structure Foundation in River

EN 1991 EN 1992 EN 1993 EN 1994 EN 1995 EN 1996 EN 1997

Eurocode 1 Eurocode 2 Eurocode 3 Eurocode 4 Eurocode 5 Eurocode 6 Eurocode 7 Part 1. Part 2 Eurocode 8 Eurocode 9

Actions on structures Design of concrete structures Design of steel structures Design of composite steel and concrete structures Design of timber structures Design of masonry structures Geotechnical design General rule Ground investigation & testing Design of structures for earthquake resistance Design of aluminium structures

EN 1998 EN 1999

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PLAXIS IN GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING

Notes .1.Column 4 - Using Russian origin; Column 5 - Translating in English; 2.Arranging the name in rows not by same topic, except row 1 and 2; 3.Eurocode System approaching according to material, while Russian System approaching according to structure that is more logical because interaction between different parts of structure and between structures and soil/rock mass can be considered, that must be evaluated in the calculation of foundation and structure according to limite state method. 4.In Eurocode System, all geotechnical problems are presented in Eurocode 7, consisting of Geotechnical data, Supervision of construction, monitoring and maintenance. Fill, dewatering, Ground improvement and reinforcement, Spread foundations, Pile foundations, Anchorages, Retaining structures, Hydraulic failure, Overall stability and Embankments. All of them are designed according to limit state.

PLAXIS IN GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING Steps in Model Development

Establish physical model & Interactions Establish math. model Solving: Numerical method & Computer

Quantify physical processes & Interactions

Establish quantified Equation of System

Theorical simulation of physical process & interactions

Comparison - Correction

Application for new design and/or safe management of existing structure system. A tool for numerical model study
Reference. EUROCODE 7 - Part 1 2.4. Geotechnical by calculation
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Modeling Illustration

REFERENCE
Lee Barbour and John Krahn July 2003 - England

Observe
(Conceptual Model)

Measure
(Theoretical Model)
National NationalResearch ResearchCouncil Council(1990) (1990)
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Modeling Illustration

Lee Barbour and John Krahn July 2003 - England

Explain
(Numerical Model)

Verify
(Interpretative Model) 40

PLAXIS IN GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING 5. Conclusions 1. Plaxis set is one of the good geotechnical software and widely adopted in Vietnam. User-Friendliness and quality, full couple with PlaxFlow and Dynamics, it can analyse a large range of geotechnical problems, with different soil-rock models, so it is favourable to model different practical structure - foundation systems. So it can be quite used in calculating structure and foundation according to limit state; 2. Plaxis softwares provides a useful tool for students and engineers in approaching geotechnical problems according to advance methodology (Burland triangle), so it makes more convenient for engineer to get a suitable design in technique and economy; 41

PLAXIS IN GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING 5. Conclusions 3. Selection of input data keep very important in using Plaxis which decides accuracy of analyzing results. Therefore, users should be improve skills according to four knowledge blocks said above and refer to some instructions in two standards system of Eurocode System and Russian System in order to quickly access necessary experiences in actively using these Plaxis softwares; 4. People using Plaxis should access official web of the producer for receiving support, seeing movie and use internal web to exchange experiences as usual. 5. Many thanks to Dr R.B.J Brinkgreve and P.J.W Brand in Plaxis BV, first people I had relation, William WL Cheang and all friends in Plaxis BV and AsiaPac for your kind supports. 42

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Plaxis AsiaPac Pte Ltd - daughter company of Plaxis bv - Singapore Since the 1st of March 2011 the Plaxis Asia office in Singapore has been renamed into Plaxis AsiaPac Pte Ltd. To strengthen the activities already being carried out under the name of Plaxis Asia, the office has been registered as a legal entity and a 100% daughter company of Plaxis bv. At the same time the Plaxis AsiaPac team will expand with new staff. Besides our existing colleagues at Plaxis AsiaPac, Eddy Tan and William Cheang, we will be joined firstly by Xing Cheng Lin from March 1st and followed by more new staff towards the summer

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