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FORCE
Force is an effort which causes the modification in state of the object i.e. by applying a force, it will move, if it is at rest or its velocity will modifies; if it is in motion

GRAVITATIONAL FORCE
If two bodies having mass m1 and m2, are placed at a distance of r with each other then each body will fill a force of attraction on each another.

m1 F12
m1 r

m1

F21 = Force given by object 1 on object 2 and F12 = Force given by object 2 on object 1. F21 and F12 are action reaction forces so, F12 = F21
Let F 12 = F 21 = F Then F m1, F m2, F 1/r2 F

m1

m1m2 Gm1m2 F 2 r r2

Where m1 and m2 are relative masses of two bodies and r is the distance between origins of mass of object G is the gravitational constant. If a body of mass m is placed in very close surroundings of earth then earth provide a pulling force F on the body that will be F = mg Where g is the gravitation acceleration due to gravity and g = 9.81 m/s2 So force of gravity by the earth is a pulling force and it performs at the centre of gravity.

NORMAL REACTION
Sometimes it is also known contact force. It is pushing force. If two rigid objects touch each other then at the point of contact each object push one another perpendicular to the tangent surface at the meeting point.

tangent surface

N (force by horizontal surface on block )

N N N

N contact point
N N (force by horizontal surface on rod)

N (force by block on horiontal surface)

N1

N1

(force by rod on horizontal surface)

FORCE OF TENSION
It is the force in between the string and block or rod and block.

TENSION BETWEEN ROD AND BLOCK

Between rod and block tension exist in form of pulling and pushing nature both.

T (tension by rod on block in form of pushing force)

T (tension on block by rod in form of pulling force)

SPRING FORCE
It is the force between block and spring. it exist in all natures
(a )

l0 = natural size of spring x1 = elongation in spring x2 = compression in spring If force given by spring on block = F then F x Where x is the change in size of spring. And F = kx ; where k is constant of proportionality its unit is N/m.
(b )

m l0 x=0 x 1 m

(c ) m x 2

If spring is elongated then spring force will be a pulling force that defines in fig (b) spring pulls the block by force kx1. And if spring is compressed then spring force will be pushing force..

ELASTIC FORCE

It is similar force as the spring force; the only difference is that, the elastic cord does not exert pushing force on the block. Fe = kx, k = constant of elasticity.
x